CN109102785B - Guzheng performance information judgment method, playing error correction method and equipment - Google Patents
Guzheng performance information judgment method, playing error correction method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109102785B CN109102785B CN201810974455.1A CN201810974455A CN109102785B CN 109102785 B CN109102785 B CN 109102785B CN 201810974455 A CN201810974455 A CN 201810974455A CN 109102785 B CN109102785 B CN 109102785B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0008—Associated control or indicating means
- G10H1/0016—Means for indicating which keys, frets or strings are to be actuated, e.g. using lights or leds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0008—Associated control or indicating means
Abstract
The invention provides a method for judging Chinese zither playing information, a method for correcting playing errors and equipment, wherein the judging method comprises the following steps: acquiring performance information sent by the koto, wherein the performance information comprises left-hand playing action information and/or right-hand playing action information; comparing the performance information with music score information, wherein the music score information comprises preset left-hand playing motion information and/or preset right-hand playing motion information; and when the left-hand playing action information and/or the right-hand playing action information are not consistent with the preset left-hand playing action information and/or the preset right-hand playing action information, marking the playing information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of musical instruments, in particular to a method and a device for judging playing information of a Chinese zither and correcting playing errors.
Background
The most common specification for koto is 1.63 meters, 21 strings. The traditional common playing method adopts four fingers of a right hand, big, eating, middle and unknown to dial strings to play melody and master rhythm, and the left-hand playing method also conforms to the tension of the strings on the left side of the zither column and controls the change of string sound to adjust pitch and perfect melody.
For example, when the fa or si sound appears in the music, the left hand can only be used for pressing 3 strings or 6 strings on the string segment on the left side of the Chinese zither code, so that the tension is increased. The specific fa sound playing method is that 3 strings are pressed forcefully at a position about 1 decimeter away from a kite code, and then the right hand is used for playing the strings, so that the fa sound can be played. Similarly, when playing si sound, the left hand may be used to press 6 strings on the left side of the kite.
The playing skill of koto is complex, and for beginners, especially young learners, the learners progress slowly in the traditional teaching mode. In view of the above problem, the prior art provides some koto playing systems with error correction capability, which generally use a sound sensor to record the musical notes played by the user and compare the recorded musical notes with standard musical notes, so as to find out the error of the user.
Those skilled in the art can understand that the tension of the strings of the koto is very easy to change, and the tension is very easy to change due to external force in the playing process, so that the pronunciation of the koto has errors, and meanwhile, the pronunciation of the koto has errors due to the errors of the tuning of the strings of the user, and under the condition, even if the user plays correct strings, the sound emitted by the koto is inconsistent with the standard sound; moreover, when the multi-player playing scene is faced, the influence of other adjacent Chinese zithers is received, the sound sensor is difficult to collect the sound of the target Chinese zither, and therefore the practicability of the scheme for realizing playing error correction by collecting sound signals is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for judging playing information of a Chinese zither, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring performance information sent by the koto, wherein the performance information comprises left-hand playing action information and/or right-hand playing action information;
comparing the performance information with music score information, wherein the music score information comprises preset left-hand playing motion information and/or preset right-hand playing motion information;
and when the left-hand playing action information and/or the right-hand playing action information are not consistent with the preset left-hand playing action information and/or the preset right-hand playing action information, marking the playing information.
Preferably, the left-hand playing motion information, the right-hand playing motion information, the preset left-hand playing motion information and the preset right-hand playing motion information are sensor number information of the koto.
Preferably, the performance information further includes time interval information between the current performance information and the previous performance information, and the score information further includes preset time interval information between the current score information and the previous score information;
and when the time interval information is inconsistent with the preset time interval information, marking the performance information.
Preferably, the performance information further includes duration information of a left-hand playing motion and/or a right-hand playing motion, and the music score information further includes preset duration information of the left-hand playing motion and/or the right-hand playing motion;
and when the duration information is inconsistent with the preset duration information, marking the performance information.
The invention also provides a correction method for playing the Chinese zither, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially receiving playing information sent by the koto;
and marking the performance information transmitted by the koto according to the receiving sequence by using the performance information judging method.
The invention also provides another correction method for playing koto, which comprises the following steps:
receiving a performance information sequence which is sent by the koto and consists of a plurality of pieces of performance information which are sequentially arranged;
with the above performance information determination method, the performance information is marked in the order of arrangement of the performance information in the performance information sequence.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute the koto performance information determination method described above.
The present invention also provides another electronic device, comprising: a communication device, at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the communication device is used for communicating with a zither and sequentially receiving performance information sent by the zither, and the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so as to enable the at least one processor to execute the first method for correcting the performance error of the zither.
The present invention also provides a third electronic device, comprising: a communication device, at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the communication device is configured to communicate with a koto, receive a performance information sequence composed of a plurality of sequentially arranged performance information sent by the koto, and the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, where the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor executes the second koto performance error correction method.
According to the Guzheng playing error correction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, whether the playing action of the player is correct or not can be judged by acquiring the information which is sent by the Guzheng and used for indicating the left-hand playing action and the right-hand playing action of the player and comparing the information with the corresponding action information in the music score information. Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a koto playing presentation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a zheng with a playing prompting function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the position of the indicator light according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the specific locations of two indicator lights in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a zheng with a motion capture function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sensor sensing optical path in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the location of a first set of sensors in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the location of a second set of sensors in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a koto for recording a playing action according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for correcting errors in playing a koto according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flow chart of a method of detecting a koto signal in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a block diagram of a koto signal detecting apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a Chinese zither with a playing prompt function, as shown in fig. 2, the Chinese zither comprises a bridge 22, a front mountain 23, a rear mountain 24 and a plurality of indicator lamps 26. For the convenience of viewing the positional relationship of the above components, the zither strings are omitted from the drawings, and since the zither strings belong to consumables and do not belong to essential components of the zither, the zither structure claimed in the present application does not include the zither strings.
The indicator lights 26 of the present application may be located in a variety of locations, such as on the face of a zither or on the bridge 22, as is feasible. The sequence of the indicator lights 26 corresponds to the sequence of the individual strings. Like the bridge 22, the number and arrangement order of the bridges 22 are those of the strings, so that the arrangement order of the indicator lights 26 is identical to that of the bridges 22. The indicator lights 26 may be specifically disposed on the panel below each string, or on both sides of the bridge 22, and those skilled in the art will understand that the strings are fixed by the three components, i.e., the bridge 22, the front bridge 23, and the rear bridge 24, and the position of the indicator lights 26 is only required to not affect the vibration of the strings.
A string or bridge 22 may correspond to at least one indicator light 26, the indicator light 26 being used to indicate a performance action by changing states, such as lighting on and off, or changing color, or changing shade or frequency of flashing, etc. For example, the indicator light 26 is in an illuminated state, indicating that the user should dial or press the corresponding zither string, and off indicating that the zither string does not need to be manipulated.
The status of the indicator lights 26 may be controlled by a controller that may be manually controlled or automatically controlled based on a music score, and the controller may be wired or wirelessly connected to the indicator lights 26.
According to the Chinese zither with the playing prompting function, the arrangement sequence of the indicator lamps on the Chinese zither is consistent with the arrangement sequence of each Chinese zither string, and the left hand action and the right hand action of a player can be guided through the state change of the indicator lamps, so that the player can play according to the prompt of the indicator lamps, and the efficiency of the teaching work of the Chinese zither can be improved.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the indicator lights 26 are provided on the bridge 22, and at least one indicator light 26 is provided on each bridge 22. The indicator lights 26 are disposed on the bridge 22 to make the corresponding relationship between the bridge and the strings more obvious, and thus, the user can observe the bridge more conveniently.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, an indicator lamp 26 is provided at the top end of the bridge 22. In this embodiment, the bridge 22 supports the top of the strings to form a curved surface with a recess 260 for receiving the indicator light 26.
The bridge 22 is internally provided with a hollow structure for accommodating electric wires or other electronic devices, and the indicator lights 26 are respectively connected with the indicator light controller inside the kite body through a circuit arranged inside the bridge 22.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to distinguish between a pressing action prompting a left hand and a plucking action prompting a right hand, two indicator lights are provided on the bridge 22 in the present embodiment, respectively, wherein the first indicator light 261 is used for prompting a left-hand playing action, and the second indicator light 262 is used for prompting a right-hand playing action.
The first indicator light 261 is provided on the bridge 22 at a position close to the rear mountain 24, and the second indicator light 262 is provided on the bridge 22 at a position close to the front mountain 23. This allows the user to clearly discern that when the first indicator light 261 to the left changes state, it indicates that its corresponding kite string should be pressed with the left hand; when the second, right-pointing light 262 changes state, it indicates that its corresponding kite string should be plucked to the right.
In order to make it easier for the user to distinguish the two indicator lights, the first indicator light 261 and the second indicator light 262 may respectively prompt the left-hand playing motion and the right-hand playing motion through different light colors.
And under the condition that each zither string is only correspondingly provided with one indicator light, the indicator lights can prompt the left-hand playing action and the right-hand playing action through different light colors, for example, when the indicator lights are red, the indicator lights show that the left hand presses the zither string and the right hand dials the zither string, when the indicator lights are blue, the indicator lights show that the right hand dials the string and the left hand has no action, and when the indicator lights are turned off, the indicator lights show that the zither string does not need to be operated.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a koto playing prompting system, which includes, as shown in fig. 1: a terminal 1 and a koto 2, wherein the terminal 1 may be an electronic device with data processing and communication functions, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer or a personal computer; the embodiments of the present invention may adopt the koto as shown in fig. 2 to 4 in the above embodiments, and in addition, the koto further has a data processing unit 25, and the data processing unit 25 is connected to the plurality of first indicator lamps 261 and the plurality of second indicator lamps 262, in this embodiment, each koto string corresponds to one first indicator lamp 261 and one second indicator lamp 262, respectively. The data processing unit 25 can be disposed at any position as long as it does not affect the sounding of the koto and the use of the player; the first indicator light 261 and the second indicator light 262 are positioned in relation to their corresponding strings, and the positions should be such that the player can clearly recognize the corresponding relationship between the strings and the indicator lights. The specific arrangement modes are various, for example, the arrangement modes are feasible when the bridge is arranged at the chord hole of the front bridge and the back bridge corresponding to the strings of the zither.
Wherein the terminal 1 is configured to transmit the performance indicating signal based on the score data. Specifically, the terminal 1 may be provided with an application program for reading and analyzing music score data, and then sending a performance instruction signal according to the analysis result. In the prior art, various tools for manufacturing the electronic music score exist, and the electronic music score can be analyzed based on the existing electronic music score format or the self-defined format. The musical score is composed of a sequence of notes, and the terminal 1 can recognize the notes in the musical score one by one and determine which string of the koto, and with what actions the player should make the string emit a corresponding sound. For example, a certain note in the music score is fa sound, when the terminal 1 reads the note, it can be determined that the sound should be played by 3 strings, and the player needs to press the string with his left hand and to dial the string with his right hand, so that a playing indication signal can be sent to indicate the player to play the fa sound in a correct manner.
The zither 2 can be one or more, and can be used for single people and multiple people to learn the playing of the zither respectively. In the present embodiment, for the convenience of the player, as shown in fig. 4, the first indicator light 261 and the second indicator light 262 corresponding to each zither string 21 of the zither 2 are both disposed at the bridge 22, where the left side is a left-hand region and the right side is a right-hand region, and the first indicator light 261 is located at the left side of the bridge 22 below the zither strings for indicating left-hand action; a second indicator light 262 is located on the right side of the bridge 22 below the strings of the kite to indicate right hand action. The data processing unit 25 receives the performance indication signal and controls the corresponding indicator lamp to be turned on and off according to the signal. Still taking the fa note as an example, when the data processing unit 25 receives the performance indication signal corresponding to the note, the first indicator lamp 261 and the second indicator lamp 262 at the 3-string bridge should be turned on, and the indicator lamps should be turned off after the note is over. Of course, for other notes that only need to be played with one hand, the data processing unit 25 should light either the first indicator light 261 or the second indicator light 262. The lighting in the present invention is understood to be various display modes such as fixed brightness, variable brightness, and flickering.
According to the Guzheng playing prompt system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the music score is analyzed by the terminal to send the playing indication signal to the Guzheng, and the indicator lamp on the Guzheng performs the action according to the signal so as to indicate the left-hand action and the right-hand action of a player, so that the player can play according to the prompt of the indicator lamp, and the efficiency of the Guzheng teaching work can be improved.
As a preferred embodiment, strings may be numbered according to the order of the strings, and corresponding indicator lights may be numbered, for example, 1 string is numbered 001, the corresponding first indicator light is numbered 001a, and the corresponding second indicator light is numbered 001 b. In this case, the performance indicating signal may include zither string number information and indicator light number information. Such numbering information may facilitate the data processing unit 25 to identify the signal with greater efficiency and to accurately control the corresponding indicator light to act.
There are at least two alternative embodiments regarding the transmission mode of the performance indication signal.
The first alternative is that the terminal 1 sequentially sends playing indication signals to the koto 2, that is, identifies a note, and then generates and sends a corresponding playing indication signal, the terminal determines the number information of the strings of the koto and the number information of the indicator lights according to the notes in the music score data, for example, the nth note is fa, the number information of the strings of the koto determined according to the number information is 003(3 strings), the number information of the indicator lights is 003a and 003b (the first indicator light and the second indicator light corresponding to the 3 strings) and the n +1 th note is si, the number information of the strings determined according to the number information is 006(6 strings), and the number information of the indicator lights is 006a and 006b (the first indicator light and the second indicator light corresponding to the 6 strings). The notes in the music score should have a certain time interval therebetween, such as a half note, a quarter note, an eighth note, etc., and the interval time between these notes is different, the terminal 1 may determine the time interval for transmitting each performance indicating signal according to the time interval between notes in the music score data, for example, the interval between the nth note and the (n + 1) th note is 0.5 seconds, and the terminal 1 should transmit the (n + 1) th performance indicating signal 0.5 seconds after transmitting the nth performance indicating signal.
A second alternative is that the terminal 1 sends a sequence of performance indicating signals to the koto 2, for example the terminal 1 may read and identify a segment or all of the score and then send a corresponding sequence of performance indicating signals. The terminal 1 determines the number information of the strings and the number information of the indicator lamps according to the notes in the music score data, and determines the time interval between each playing indicator signal in the sequence according to the time interval between the notes in the music score data.
Accordingly, the data processing unit 25 determines two corresponding indicator lights according to the number information of the zither strings, and further determines to light one or all of the two corresponding indicator lights according to the number information of the indicator lights. For example, the data processing unit 25 receives a signal including the number information 003 of the strings of the zither, the indicator light number information 003a and 003b, thereby controlling the first indicator light and the second indicator light corresponding to the 3 strings to be simultaneously lighted.
Regarding the operation of the data processing unit 25 for controlling the turning on and off of the indicator lights, the duration for which the data processing unit 25 controls the respective indicator lights to be turned on is different for each different performance indication signal, and is specifically determined according to the length of the note. For this purpose, duration information obtained by the terminal 1 based on the note information in the score data may be further included in the performance indication signal, and the terminal 1 determines the duration information based on the time interval between notes in the score data. For example, if the time interval between the nth note and the (n + 1) th note in the music score is 0.2 seconds, the duration information in the performance indication signal generated for the nth note is 0.2 seconds.
The data processing unit 25 controls the corresponding indicator lamp to keep on according to the duration information and to keep off after keeping the corresponding time.
For example, the terminal 1 may send out a performance indication signal of the nth fa tone, which includes the number information of the strings 003, the indicator light numbers 003a and 003b, and the duration of 1 second, and after receiving the signal, the data processing unit 25 of the koto 2 controls the first indicator light and the second indicator light corresponding to the 3 strings to be continuously lighted for 1 second at the same time. As described above, there is also an interval between the performance indication signals, and there is no conflict between the interval and the duration, for example, the interval between the (n + 1) th performance indication signal and the nth performance indication signal is 0.5 seconds, and the duration in the nth signal is 0.5 seconds, so that the data processing unit 25 controls the indicator corresponding to the current signal to be turned on just when the indicator corresponding to the previous signal is turned off.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a koto with a motion collection function, as shown in fig. 5, the koto includes a bridge 22, a front bridge 23, a rear bridge 24 and a plurality of sensors 30, each string of the koto corresponds to at least one sensor 30, and the sensors 30 are used for sensing playing motion.
There are many alternatives for the type of sensor 30, which may be, for example, a tension (tension) sensor, a vibration sensor, or a light sensor. For the tension sensor and the vibration sensor, the sensing contact of the sensor needs to be in contact with a kite string, when a player dials or presses the kite string, the kite string is changed from a static state to a motion state under the action of external force, and the sensor corresponding to the kite string can sense tension change or vibration frequency change.
It should be noted that, because the zither string is made of an elastic material, the tension of the zither string may change even in the absence of an external force; or the pulling force value in the static state can be changed when the player is subjected to external force change in the playing process. But compared with the change of the pulling force value when the user plays the zither string, the change of the pulling force value under the above condition can be ignored, and the effective playing action of the player can be sensed by setting the sensing threshold value of the sensor.
There are many alternatives for the location of the sensor 30, such as at the front bridge 23 and/or the rear bridge 24, or at the bridge 22. The sensors may be connected to a data processor for collecting and distinguishing the signals collected by the various sensors.
According to the koto with the action acquisition function, the sensors arranged on the koto respectively correspond to the koto strings, and the sensors can sense the playing action of a player when the player stirs or presses the koto strings, so that the recording of the playing process can be realized, and the playing action can be further judged.
As a preferred embodiment, the sensor 30 used in the embodiment of the present invention is an optical sensor, and senses the playing motion by the blocking of the optical path by the hand motion when playing the string. There are several alternatives for the position of the sensor 30, so that the player's finger can block the light path of the sensing when he/she dials or presses the string.
As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the sensing optical path 301 of the sensor 30 is located below the kite string 21 and parallel to the kite string 21. The so-called sensing optical path 301, i.e. the effective sensing range of the sensor 30, depends on the shape and angle of the photosensitive opening of the sensor. The sensors 30 can be arranged on the panel of the koto, the angles of the photosensitive openings are arranged along the pulling direction of the koto strings 21, the cross section of the openings can be circular, rectangular and the like, the photosensitive ranges of the sensors corresponding to the koto strings are not overlapped with each other, so the area of the photosensitive openings is small enough.
Each zither string can correspond to only one sensor 30, and can be arranged near any one of the bridge 22, the front bridge 23 and the rear bridge 24. For example, the sensor 30 may be disposed near the front mountain 23, facing the bridge 22, and sense whether or not an object passes therebetween to block the optical path (for collecting the pressing motion of the left hand); similarly, the sensor 30 may be disposed near the bridge 22, facing the front mountain 23; the sensor 30 can be arranged near the rear mountain 24 and face the bridge 22 to sense whether an object passes through the sensor to block the light path (for collecting the plucking action of the right hand); similarly, the sensor 30 may be disposed near the bridge 22, toward the rear mountain 24.
Whether the player dials or presses the strings, the sensor 30 can sense that the light path is blocked, thereby collecting the hand motion. However, this solution does not distinguish between left or right hand movements, or only captures movements of one of the hands.
In order to distinguish and simultaneously collect the playing actions of the two hands, each zither string in the embodiment corresponds to two sets of optical sensors, wherein the first set of optical sensors is arranged at the front bridge 23 and/or the bridge 22, and the second set of optical sensors is arranged at the rear bridge 24 and/or the bridge 22. The group of sensors can be one sensor, and the hand playing action is sensed by collecting the change of natural light sensing light in the environment. Therefore, the first group of sensors 31 can be arranged at the front mountain 23 or the bridge 22 and used for sensing the action of pressing the strings of the zither by the left hand; a second set of sensors 32 may be provided at the rear bridge 24 or bridge 22 for sensing the action of the right hand pulling on the strings of the zither.
The group of sensors can be a kit consisting of an infrared transmitting device and an infrared receiving device, and the mode senses hand movement through the light path shielding condition of infrared rays, so that the accuracy is higher. Specifically, the infrared transmitting device of the first group of sensors 31 may be disposed at the front mountain 23, and the receiving device may be disposed at the bridge 22 (it is also possible to exchange positions of the two); the infrared transmitter of the second set of sensors 33 may be located at the rear mountain 24 and the receiver may be located at the bridge 22 (interchanging the positions is also possible).
In order to optimize the structure of the koto for standardized production, the embodiments of the present invention encapsulate the sensors in the intrinsic components, and the bridge 22, the front bridge 23, and the rear bridge 24 in the embodiments are all provided with cavities for accommodating electronic devices. As shown in fig. 7, for the first group of sensors 31, the emitting device is disposed in the cavity inside the bridge 22, the light path exit L311 is located on the side wall of the bridge 22 near the front mountain 23, and the light path exit L311 is directed to the receiving device at the front mountain 23.
The receiving devices of the first set of optical sensors 31 are disposed in the cavity in the front bridge 23, and the optical path entrance L312 is located on the side wall of the front bridge 23 facing the bridge 22, i.e. the receiving devices and the transmitting devices of the first set of optical sensors 31 corresponding to each kite string are respectively disposed oppositely.
As shown in fig. 8, for the second group of photosensors 32, the emitting devices are disposed in the cavity in the bridge 22, the optical path exit R321 is located on the side wall of the bridge 22 near the rear mountain 24, and the optical path exit R321 faces the receiving device at the rear mountain 24.
The receiving devices of the second group of optical sensors 32 are arranged in the cavity in the rear bridge 24, and the optical path inlets R322 of the second group of optical sensors 32 are located on the side wall of the rear bridge 24 facing the bridge 22, i.e. the receiving devices and the transmitting devices of the second group of optical sensors 32 corresponding to each kite string are respectively arranged oppositely.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, the right hand of the player usually uses the pick-up to dial the strings, the thickness of the pick-up is very small, if the area of the photo-sensitive opening is large, an error may be generated when the pick-up moves on the optical path, in order to accurately detect the obstruction of the optical path by the pick-up, the shape of the optical path inlet R322 adopts a slender rectangle, the width direction is the direction in which the player dials the strings, the width of the optical path inlet R322 is less than 0.5 mm, in this embodiment, 0.2 mm is selected, and is slightly larger than the diameter of the strings.
One embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent koto, which is used for generating corresponding information according to the playing action of a player so as to correct the playing action. The scheme can be used alone or combined with the scheme in the embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, the koto includes:
the plurality of sensors, in this embodiment, preferably employing photoelectric sensors, each zither string corresponds to two sets of sensors, one set of sensors is used for generating a first signal when the left-hand motion is collected, and the other set of sensors is used for generating a second signal when the right-hand motion is collected. The sensors may be disposed, for example, below the strings of the zither, and each set of sensors may include at least one sensor, for example, disposed at the bridge and the front and rear mountains, for sensing a change in light in the environment along the extending direction of the strings of the zither. When the player presses down the kite string with the left hand, the optical path of the first group of sensors 31 is blocked by the finger pressing down the kite string, so that the first group of sensors 31 generate a first signal; when the player dials the zither string with the right hand, the optical path of the second group of sensors 32 is blocked by the finger which dials the zither string, so that the second group of sensors 32 generates a second signal. There are many options for the specific location of the sensors and the present invention provides a preferred koto configuration, as will be described in more detail in the embodiments that follow.
And a data processing unit 25, configured to receive the first signal and the second signal, and send performance information to the terminal according to the first signal and the second signal, where the content of the performance information may embody a playing action corresponding to the first signal or the second signal, and may specifically embody which kite string is played by the player, and the information may be further used for error correction, whether a left hand or a right hand is used or simultaneously. For example, assuming that at a certain time point, a player presses 3 strings with the left hand and dials 3 strings with the right hand, at this time, two sets of sensors corresponding to the 3 strings generate a first signal and a second signal, respectively, and the data processing unit 25 can recognize the meanings of the signals and generate information to express the playing action of the player when receiving the signals.
The error correction operation can be analyzed and confirmed by the external terminal based on the performance information, which will be described in detail in the following embodiment, in which the koto only needs to perform the operation of information generation.
According to the intelligent Chinese zither provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sensor senses the hand motion of a player to send out corresponding signals, the signals are identified by the data processing unit to generate corresponding playing information, and the playing motion is expressed by the information.
As a preferred embodiment, strings may be numbered according to the order of the strings of the kite, and the corresponding sensors may be numbered, for example, 1 string is numbered 001, the corresponding first group of sensors 31 is numbered 001a, and the corresponding second group of sensors 32 is numbered 001 b. In this case, the performance information may include sensor number information corresponding to the first signal and/or the second signal. These pieces of numbering information can facilitate the data processing unit 25 to recognize the signals with higher efficiency, thereby confirming the player's playing motion.
Further, the performance information may also include the time interval at which the data processing unit 25 receives the respective first signal and/or second signal. For example, when the player plays the nth tone, the player presses the 003 th zither string with the left hand and simultaneously dials the 003 th zither string with the right hand, the two corresponding sets of sensors respectively send signals, after a time t1, when the player plays the (n + 1) th note, the player dials the 006 th zither string with the right hand, the corresponding second set of sensors 32 send signals, wherein the time t1 is a time interval for playing two adjacent notes, and the playing information for the (n + 1) th note sent by the processing unit 25 includes 006b (sensor number information corresponding to the signal) and a time interval t 1. The scheme records the interval time of playing each adjacent note by a player, and the generated and sent playing information carries the interval time, so that the playing action can be more accurately embodied, and richer information is provided for error correction operation.
Still further, the performance information may further include a duration of time during which the respective first signal and/or second signal is received by the data processing unit 25. As an example, when a player needs to press 3 strings with the left hand and dial 3 strings with the right hand while playing the note fa, the left hand needs to continuously press the strings for the sound to be continuously present, so that the first signal of the corresponding sensor will continuously exist for a period of time t2, and the performance information generated by the processing unit 25 for the fa note includes 003a, 003b (sensor number information corresponding to the signal) and t2 (duration of the first signal corresponding to 003 a). The scheme records the duration of playing each note by a player, and the generated and sent playing information carries the duration, so that the playing action can be more accurately embodied, and richer information is provided for error correction operation.
There are at least two alternative embodiments regarding the way in which the data processing unit 25 transmits the performance signals described above.
As a first concrete aspect, the data processing unit 25 sequentially transmits performance information in the order of performance of the player. Specifically, the data processing unit 25 sequentially transmits the sensor number information to the terminal in the order and time interval in which the respective first signals and/or second signals are received, and the duration information of the signals may also be included in the transmitted performance information. As an example, for example, the nth performance information (003a, 003b, t 2) is generated and transmitted upon receipt of the player's performance of the nth tonen) Where 003a and 003b are sensor number information, t2nDuration information; elapsed time t1nWhen a signal of the player playing the n +1 th note is received, at t1nThereafter, the (n + 1) th performance information (006b, t 2) is transmittedn+1)，t1nIs a time interval in which these two pieces of performance information are transmitted. The method and the system have the advantages that the playing information is sequentially sent according to the playing actions, so that the receiving terminal can receive the playing information corresponding to the current playing notes in real time, the method and the system are suitable for one-to-one teaching scenes, and the error correction of each playing action is facilitated in real time.
As a second concrete aspect, the data processing unit 25 may transmit an information sequence made up of the sensor number information and the time interval information, which may be all or a part of the tracks played by the player. AsFor example, a player plays n notes, and for the n notes, n pieces of performance information are generated to form an information sequence, wherein the 1 st note corresponds to (003a, 003b, t 1)1) The representation shows that the player presses 3 strings with the left hand, dials 3 strings with the right hand, and the duration of the action of pressing strings with the left hand is t11(ii) a The performance information corresponding to the 2 nd note is (005b, t 2)1) The interval time between the player's right-hand plucking of 5 strings, the duration of no string-pressing, and the first playing motion is t21… … the performance information corresponding to the nth note is (006a, 006b, t 1)n、t2n) The representation shows that the player presses 6 strings with the left hand, dials 6 strings with the right hand, and the duration of the action of pressing string with the left hand is t1nAnd the interval time from the n-1 st playing action is t2n. The sensor number information and the duration information in the information sequence are arranged in the same order as the data processing unit 25 receives the first signal and/or the second signal. The technical scheme can enable the receiving terminal to receive the playing information sequences corresponding to the plurality of playing notes, is more suitable for one-to-many teaching scenes, facilitates the terminal to simultaneously receive the playing information sequences sent by the plurality of koto, and corrects the error of each information sequence after the receiving is finished.
Accordingly, with respect to the scheme in which the data processing unit 25 sequentially transmits the performance information in the playing order of the player in the above-described embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention provides a koto performance error correction method, which can be executed by the above-described terminal 1, as shown in fig. 10, and which includes the steps of:
s41, sequentially receiving the performance information sent by the Zheng; each piece of performance information comprises left-hand playing action information and/or right-hand playing action information, and the information is used for indicating on which kite string the player presses or dials the player's left hand and right hand respectively. With reference to the above embodiments, the information may be the first set of sensor number information and/or the second set of sensor number information for a zither.
S42, sequentially comparing whether the performance information is consistent with the corresponding music score information, wherein the music score information comprises preset left-hand playing motion information and/or preset right-hand playing motion information; and executing the step S43 when the left-hand playing motion information and/or the right-hand playing motion information are not consistent with the preset left-hand playing motion information and/or the preset right-hand playing motion information, otherwise, continuously judging the next playing information.
And S43, marking the performance information. As an example, assume that the nth performance information is (003a, 003b), where 003a and 003b are sensor number information; the nth music score information is (003b), wherein 003b is preset sensor number information, 003a is increased in the performance information when the comparison result is that the performance information is inconsistent, and the performance information is marked as error information. The corresponding practical meaning is that the nth note in the music score is that 3 strings are stirred by the right hand and no action is carried out by the left hand; the actual action of the player is that the right hand dials 3 strings and the left hand presses 3 strings, so that the playing action has errors, which can cause pronunciation errors.
According to the Guzheng playing error correction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, whether the playing action of the player is correct or not can be judged by acquiring the information which is sent by the Guzheng and used for indicating the left-hand playing action and the right-hand playing action of the player and comparing the information with the corresponding action information in the music score information.
As a preferred implementation manner, the performance information in the embodiment of the present invention further includes time interval information between the current performance information and the previous performance information, and the score information further includes preset time interval information between the current score information and the previous score information. There should be a certain time interval between notes in the score, for example, the interval between the nth note and the (n + 1) th note is 0.5 seconds, then the (n + 1) th score information may include the sensor number information and an interval time t1 of 0.5, indicating that the interval between the information and the previous information should be 0.5 seconds.
Meanwhile, the playing information may also record the time interval when the player plays the adjacent notes, in this embodiment, the koto sequentially transmits the playing information, and the transmission interval time of the information is the time interval information in the playing information. The performance information corresponding to the first note of the performance may not have time interval information, and the transmission time of the first performance information may be used as the starting time for executing the method.
When the performance information is received, the interval time in the performance information can be compared with the interval time in the music score information, and when the performance information is inconsistent with the interval time in the music score information, the performance information is marked to indicate that the musical note is played too fast or too slow. Of course, a certain allowable error range can be set during the comparison, and if the time is within the certain error range, the two can be considered as being consistent.
Further, the performance information in the embodiment of the present invention further includes duration information of the left-hand playing motion and/or the right-hand playing motion, and the corresponding music score information further includes preset duration information of the left-hand playing motion and/or the right-hand playing motion. When playing a note, it is often necessary to continue pressing the string with the left hand in order to make the sound exist continuously, so a duration t2 can be set in the score information, and when the player plays the note, the playing information generated by the processing unit 25 of the koto for a certain note includes a sensor number and a duration.
When the performance information is received, the duration time of the performance information can be compared with the preset duration time of the music score information, and when the performance information is inconsistent with the preset duration time of the music score information, the performance information is marked to indicate that the duration time of the musical note is too short or too long. Similarly, the comparison process may also set a certain allowable error range, and if the time is within the certain error range, the two are considered to be consistent.
In summary, for a note, the corresponding performance information may include three parts, i.e., sensor number information ID1 and/or ID2 representing left-hand movement and/or right-hand movement, interval time information t1 and duration time information t 2; the corresponding music score information also comprises the three parts, the information is compared, and when any part of the information is inconsistent, the performance information is marked as error information.
According to the preferable real-time mode, whether the hand motion of the player is correct can be detected according to the left-hand playing motion information and the right-hand playing motion information; meanwhile, whether the speed of playing notes by a player accords with the music score speed or not can be detected according to the time interval information; whether the duration of playing the notes of the player is consistent with the duration of the notes in the music score or not can be detected according to the duration information, the playing process is comprehensively detected by the method provided by the embodiment, the error correction efficiency is high, and the method has high practicability, so that the effect of improving the teaching efficiency can be achieved.
Meanwhile, the embodiment further provides an electronic device, which includes: a communication device, at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the communication device, such as a bluetooth module and a WiFi module, is used for communicating with the koto, and sequentially receives the playing information sent by the koto, and the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor executes the koto playing error correction method.
In view of the above-described situation in which the data processing unit 25 transmits the series of performance information in the embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention provides a koto performance error correction method that can be executed by the above-described terminal 1. The difference from the error correction method in the previous embodiment is that the present embodiment receives an information sequence composed of a plurality of pieces of performance information at a time, and judges and marks the pieces of performance information individually in the order of information in the sequence.
Note that the time interval information at which the player plays each note may be recorded by the data processing unit 25 and transmitted to the terminal 1. In the above two embodiments, the first embodiment is to receive performance information sequentially and perform the determination, and the second embodiment is to receive a sequence of a plurality of pieces of performance information at once and perform the determination sequentially in order after the reception is completed. The determination method performed by the terminal 1 for each piece of performance information is the same, and will not be described herein.
Meanwhile, the embodiment further provides an electronic device, which includes: the system comprises a communication device, at least one processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the at least one processor; the communication device is used for communicating with the koto and receiving a performance information sequence which is sent by the koto and consists of a plurality of pieces of performance information arranged in sequence, and the memory stores instructions which can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so as to enable the at least one processor to execute the koto performance error correction method.
As for the performance information judging method, the present embodiment provides an electronic apparatus including: at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the koto performance information determination method by:
acquiring performance information sent by the koto, wherein the performance information comprises left-hand playing action information and/or right-hand playing action information;
comparing the performance information with music score information, wherein the music score information comprises preset left-hand playing motion information and/or preset right-hand playing motion information;
and marking the performance information when the left-hand playing motion information and/or the right-hand playing motion information is not consistent with the preset left-hand playing motion information and/or the preset right-hand playing motion information.
Optionally, the left-hand playing motion information and the right-hand playing motion information, the preset left-hand playing motion information and the preset right-hand playing motion information are sensor number information of the koto.
Optionally, the performance information further includes time interval information between the current performance information and the previous performance information, and the score information further includes preset time interval information between the current score information and the previous score information;
when the time interval information does not coincide with the preset time interval information, the performance information is marked.
Optionally, the performance information further includes duration information of the left-hand playing motion and/or the right-hand playing motion, and the music score information further includes preset duration information of the left-hand playing motion and/or the right-hand playing motion;
when the duration information is not identical to the preset duration information, the performance information is marked.
For the intelligent koto provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the data processing unit 25 is to receive signals of the first group of sensors 31 and the second group of sensors 32, and if the sensors corresponding to each koto string continuously sense optical signals at the same time, adjacent strings will form mutual interference; if the sensors corresponding to the strings are sequentially controlled to sense the optical signals in sequence, even if the sensing time of each sensor is only 1ms, 21ms is needed for 21 strings to complete one cycle detection, a player can often play 7-8 notes within 1s, and a part of playing action is likely to be missed due to overlong cycle time.
To solve the problem of signal detection, an embodiment of the present invention provides a signal detection method for an intelligent zheng, which is used for detecting the sensor signal of the zither in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the method can be executed by the data processing unit 25. For convenience of description and understanding, the present embodiment is described by taking a group of sensors (sensors for detecting left-handed movement or right-handed movement) as an example, and the same method may also be performed synchronously with respect to another group of sensors, which is not described herein again. As shown in fig. 11, the signal detection method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
and S61, sequentially controlling a plurality of sensors to emit light signals in each detection period, wherein the sensors emitting the light signals in different detection periods are different, the sensors emitting the light signals in each detection period are corresponding to nonadjacent kite strings, and the detection periods are sequentially cycled, so that the sensors corresponding to all the kite strings are controlled cyclically. As an example, it can be understood that sensors corresponding to all zither strings are grouped, for example, sensors corresponding to 1 string, 3 string, 5 string are a first group, and sensors corresponding to 2 string, 4 string, 6 string are a second group, so as to group the sensors corresponding to all zither strings. The duration of each sensing period may be 3ms, with the first 3ms controlling the first set of sensors to emit light signals, and then the second 3ms controlling the second set of sensors to emit light signals, until the last 3ms controls the last remaining string to emit light signals, and then the cycle control is resumed. In this way, the light signals emitted by the sensors corresponding to different multiple non-adjacent zithers strings are controlled in different detection periods.
And S62, sequentially detecting whether optical signals emitted by a plurality of predetermined sensors are blocked by the object in each detection period, wherein the sensors detected in different detection periods are different, and the sensors detected in each detection period are corresponding to a plurality of non-adjacent kite strings. Accordingly, the data processing unit 25 detects whether the optical signals of the sensors corresponding to the corresponding 1 string, 3 string and 5 string are blocked or not in the first 3ms, and detects whether the optical signals of the sensors corresponding to the corresponding 2 string, 4 string and 6 string are blocked or not in the second 3ms, and the circular detection is restarted until the last 3ms detects whether the optical signals of the last rest zither strings are blocked or not. Only the respective sensor signals are of interest in the different detection periods, and the signals of the other sensors are not received. The number of the above-mentioned groups (the number of the detection periods), which sensors are simultaneously operated in each detection period, and the specific duration of the period can be set according to the total number of the zither strings and the speed of the played song, for example, for the 21-string, 16-string, and 13-string zithers, different values can be adopted.
According to the signal detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the light signals emitted by the predetermined plurality of sensors are controlled in each detection period, and whether the light signals emitted by the predetermined plurality of sensors are blocked by the object is correspondingly detected in each detection period, because the sensors detected in different detection periods are different, and the plurality of sensors detected in each detection period are corresponding to the plurality of non-adjacent kite strings, the cycle emission and the signal detection period of all the sensors can be reduced by times, and the influence of the sensors of the adjacent kite strings can be avoided, so that the efficiency and the accuracy of signal detection can be improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned detection scheme can be implemented by switching the interrupt source, for example, the data processing unit 25 is a chip having a plurality of interrupt source interfaces, each of which can be connected to a plurality of sensors. Specifically, the step S62 may include the following steps:
and S621, switching the interrupt sources according to the detection period, wherein each interrupt source is respectively associated with the sensors corresponding to the nonadjacent multiple zither strings, and the sensors associated with different interrupt sources are different.
S622, sequentially receiving the sensor signals transmitted by the switched interrupt sources. E.g., a first interrupt source interfacing a sensor corresponding to 1 string, 3 strings, 5 strings, a second interrupt source interfacing a sensor corresponding to 2 strings, 4 strings, 6 strings, etc., then the first interrupt source is switched for the first 3ms and receives the signal of the connected sensor, the second interrupt source is switched for the second 3ms and receives the signal of the connected sensor, etc.
For the koto structure with more koto strings and dense arrangement, in each detection period, the sensors corresponding to the non-adjacent multiple koto strings are the sensors corresponding to the koto strings which are separated by at least 2. For example, 1 string, 4 strings, 7 strings of corresponding sensors are used as the first group, 2 strings, 5 strings, 8 strings of corresponding sensors are used as the second group, and the like, so that mutual interference of signals of the proximity sensors can be further avoided.
The embodiment of the invention provides a signal detection method particularly suitable for a 21-string Chinese zither, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s71, controlling the sensors corresponding to the 1 st, 5 th, 9 th, 13 th, 17 th and 21 st strings to emit optical signals simultaneously in the 1 st detection period;
meanwhile, whether the optical signals emitted by the sensors corresponding to the 1 st, 5 th, 9 th, 13 th, 17 th and 21 st chords are blocked or not is detected simultaneously in the 1 st detection period, signals of other sensors are not received and detected in the period, and in combination with the operation mode of switching the interrupt source, the first interrupt source interface is only connected with the sensors corresponding to the 1 st, 5 th, 9 th, 13 th, 17 th and 21 st chords, and at the moment, the data processing unit 25 only receives the signals from the interface and does not receive the signals of other interfaces;
s72, controlling the sensors corresponding to the 2 nd, 6 th, 10 th, 14 th and 18 th chords to emit optical signals simultaneously in the 2 nd detection period;
meanwhile, whether the optical signals emitted by the sensors corresponding to the 2 nd, 6 th, 10 th, 14 th and 18 th chords are blocked or not is detected simultaneously in the 2 nd detection period;
s73, controlling the sensors corresponding to the 3 rd, 7 th, 11 th, 15 th and 19 th strings to emit optical signals simultaneously in the 3 rd detection period;
meanwhile, whether the optical signals emitted by the sensors corresponding to the 3 rd, 7 th, 11 th, 15 th and 19 th chords are blocked or not is detected simultaneously in the 3 rd detection period;
s74, controlling the sensors corresponding to the 4 th, 8 th, 12 th, 16 th and 20 th chords to emit optical signals simultaneously in the 4 th detection period;
meanwhile, whether the optical signals emitted by the sensors corresponding to the 4 th, 8 th, 12 th, 16 th and 20 th strings are blocked or not is detected simultaneously in the 4 th detection period.
The above steps S71-S74 are a complete detection loop, according to which the method is repeatedly executed to realize the loop control and detection of all 21 chords.
In the method, 4 detection periods are provided, wherein in the first period, the sensors corresponding to 6 zither strings act simultaneously, and in the other three periods, the sensors corresponding to 5 zither strings act simultaneously. The duration of these detection periods may be equal, e.g. 1-2ms, i.e. the duration of the light signal emitted by the sensor and the detection time is 1-2ms, whereby only 4-8ms is required for a complete control and detection of a 21-chord sensor.
Compared with the method that each sensor sequentially sends signals and detection signals, the method can shorten the cycle transmission and signal detection periods of all the sensors by 4 times, and in the same detection period, the sensors corresponding to the zither strings which are separated by 3 are synchronously operated, so that the synchronously operated sensors cannot influence each other, and the efficiency and the accuracy of signal detection can be improved.
Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a signal detection apparatus for an intelligent zither, where the apparatus is a virtual apparatus corresponding to a computer program, and the apparatus may be disposed in the data processing unit 25, and as shown in fig. 12, the apparatus includes:
a sensor control module 71, configured to sequentially control a predetermined plurality of sensors to emit light signals in each detection period, where the sensors emitting light signals in different detection periods are different, and the plurality of sensors emitting light signals in each detection period are corresponding to non-adjacent multiple kite strings;
the signal receiving module 72 is configured to detect whether optical signals emitted by a predetermined plurality of sensors are blocked by an object in each detection period in sequence, where the detected sensors in different detection periods are different, and the detected sensors in each detection period are corresponding to a plurality of non-adjacent kite strings.
Preferably, the signal receiving module 72 includes:
the interrupt source switching module is used for switching interrupt sources according to the detection period, wherein each interrupt source is respectively associated with sensors corresponding to a plurality of non-adjacent kite strings, and the sensors associated with different interrupt sources are different;
and the interrupt source detection module is used for sequentially receiving the sensor signals transmitted by the switched interrupt sources.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for judging playing information of a Chinese zither is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring performance information sent by the koto, wherein the performance information comprises left-hand playing action information and/or right-hand playing action information;
comparing the performance information with music score information, wherein the music score information comprises preset left-hand playing motion information and/or preset right-hand playing motion information;
and when the left-hand playing action information and/or the right-hand playing action information are not consistent with the preset left-hand playing action information and/or the preset right-hand playing action information, marking the playing information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the left-hand playing motion information and the right-hand playing motion information, the preset left-hand playing motion information and the preset right-hand playing motion information are sensor number information of koto.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performance information further includes time interval information between current performance information and previous performance information, and the score information further includes preset time interval information between current score information and previous score information;
and when the time interval information is inconsistent with the preset time interval information, marking the performance information.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performance information further includes duration information of left-hand playing motion and/or right-hand playing motion, and the music score information further includes preset duration information of left-hand playing motion and/or right-hand playing motion;
and when the duration information is inconsistent with the preset duration information, marking the performance information.
5. A Guzheng playing error correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially receiving playing information sent by the koto;
the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said musical performance information transmitted from said koto is marked in order of reception.
6. A Guzheng playing error correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a performance information sequence which is sent by the koto and consists of a plurality of pieces of performance information which are sequentially arranged;
the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the performance information is marked in the order of arrangement of the performance information in the sequence of performance information.
7. An electronic device, comprising: at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the koto performance information determination method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
8. An electronic device, comprising: a communication device, at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the communication device is configured to communicate with a koto, and in turn, receive performance information transmitted from the koto, and the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the koto performance error correction method of claim 5.
9. An electronic device, comprising: a communication device, at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the communication device is configured to communicate with a koto to receive a performance information sequence composed of a plurality of sequentially arranged performance information transmitted from the koto, and the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the koto performance error correction method of claim 6.
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