CN109101729B - Forming die for elliptical arc and arc seal head and elliptical arc and arc seal head - Google Patents

Forming die for elliptical arc and arc seal head and elliptical arc and arc seal head Download PDF

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CN109101729B
CN109101729B CN201810915564.6A CN201810915564A CN109101729B CN 109101729 B CN109101729 B CN 109101729B CN 201810915564 A CN201810915564 A CN 201810915564A CN 109101729 B CN109101729 B CN 109101729B
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arc
elliptical
seal head
axis
elliptical arc
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CN109101729A (en
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李业勤
涂善东
王宁
苏文献
凌一玮
张阳
张玉玲
傅卫国
王健
王涛
陈志伟
钱春
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an elliptical arc and arc seal head and a forming die thereof, relating to the technical field of pressure vessel seal heads. The elliptical arc and arc-shaped seal head middle surface is formed by the rotation of warps by taking a preset axis Y as a rotating axis, the warps comprise a transition section elliptical arc section and a middle section arc section, and the elliptical arc section and the arc section are in smooth transition, namely the normal line or the tangent line of the intersection point of the two arcs coincide. A forming die for an elliptical arc and an arc seal head is used for manufacturing the elliptical arc and the arc seal head. Compared with a universal standard elliptical seal head (a standard elliptical seal head for short) and a standard disc seal head (a standard disc seal head for short), the elliptical arc and arc seal head has a better stress state and consumes less materials, and the material preparation is more convenient because the material can be fed with the same thickness as a cylinder body. Meanwhile, the standard disc end socket with poor mechanical property can be formed by spinning or splitting instead of being limited to stamping like a standard elliptical end socket during processing and manufacturing.

Description

Elliptical arc and arc seal head and forming die thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel end sockets, in particular to an elliptical arc and arc end socket and a forming die thereof.
Background
The end cap is an element for sealing the end of the container to isolate the internal medium from the external medium, and is also called an end cap. The head of a cylindrical vessel is typically a rotating shell. The shape of the seal head surface can be divided into convex, conical, flat and combined shapes. The convex end socket refers to an end socket with a convex outer surface shape, such as a hemispherical, oval, dished and edgeless spherical end socket.
It is known that the standard elliptical seal head of the pressure container cannot be formed by spinning, and can only be approximately replaced by a disk-shaped seal head with poor mechanical properties, namely a standard disk seal head, R =0.9D and R =0.17D, wherein D is the diameter of the seal head or a cylinder body, R is a spherical radius, and R is a radius at a corner.
In addition, because the standard elliptical head generally has the same strength as the cylinder, the calculated thickness of the standard elliptical head is approximately equal to the thickness of the cylinder. Furthermore, considering that the local thickness of the end socket needs to be reduced in the forming process, the blanking thickness of the end socket is 2mm larger than that of the cylinder body generally.
The problems of the existing standard elliptical seal head or standard disc seal head and spherical seal head in production are as follows:
the consumed materials are more; it is inconvenient to manufacture, especially for heads of larger diameter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an elliptical arc and arc end socket which can save production materials and is convenient for material preparation and convenient for processing and manufacturing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a forming mold for an elliptical arc and an arc seal head, which can be used for manufacturing the above-mentioned elliptical arc and arc seal head.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides an elliptical arc and circular arc type end socket, wherein the inner surface of the elliptical arc and circular arc type end socket is taken as a middle surface, the middle surface is formed by rotating warps by taking a preset axis Y as a rotating axis, the warps comprise elliptical arc sections and circular arc sections, and the elliptical arc sections and the circular arc sections are in smooth transition.
In addition, the elliptical arc and circular arc type end socket provided by the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in a given rectangular coordinate system XOY, the center of the ellipse in which the elliptical arc segment is located at an origin O, the major semi-axis is located at an X axis, the minor semi-axis is located at a Y axis, the ratio of the major semi-axis to the minor semi-axis is 2, the intersection points of the elliptical arc segment in the first quadrant and the coordinate axes X and Y are B and a, respectively, the perpendicular taking the midpoint E of the major semi-axis OB as OB intersects the elliptical arc BA at a point F (X is the intersection point of the perpendicular taking the midpoint E of the major semi-axis OB as OB and the elliptical arc BA (X is the intersection point of the major semi-axis OB and the elliptical arc BA) 0 ，Y 0 ) The diameter of the cylinder connected with the elliptic arc and the circular arc seal head is D, and the coordinate of the point F meets the following formula:
X 0 ＝(1/4)D，Y 0 ＝(3 0.5 /8)D；
normal FM to point F intersects Y at point M (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) The coordinates of the M points satisfy the following formula:
X 1 ＝0，Y 1 ＝－(3×3 0.5 /8)D；
m point is the centre of a circle of circular arc section place, and FM is the radius of the circle of circular arc section place, and FM satisfies following formula:
FM＝(13 0.5 /4)D≈0.9014D；
the intersection point of the arc FN with FM as radius and the positive half shaft of the Y axis is N (X) 2 ，Y 2 ) The coordinates of the N points satisfy the following formula:
X 2 ＝0，Y 2 ＝(2×13 0.5 －3×3 0.5 )/8D≈0.2519D。
in an optional embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head is δ, and the calculation of δ satisfies the following formula:
δ＝0.9P c D i /[2〔σ〕 t φ－0.5P c ]；
in the formula, P c -calculating the pressure, in units: MPa;
〔σ〕 t -allowable stress of the head material at design temperature, unit: MPa;
phi is the weld joint coefficient;
D i head internal diameter, unit: mm.
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming die for an elliptical arc and arc-shaped end socket, which is used for manufacturing any one of the elliptical arc and arc-shaped end sockets, the forming die for the elliptical arc and arc-shaped end socket correspondingly comprises an arc section NF and an elliptical arc section FB, and the forming die comprises the following components in a given rectangular coordinate system XOY:
when X is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25D i When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the equation of the arc segment NF is X 2 +[Y+(3×3 0.5 )/8] 2 ＝(13/16)D i 2 ；
When 0.25D i ≤X≤0.5D i When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
the equation of the elliptical arc section FB is X 2 /(0.25D i 2 )+Y 2 /(0.0625D i 2 )＝1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with a standard elliptical seal head and a standard disc seal head, the elliptical arc and arc seal head has a better stress state, consumes less materials, and is more convenient for material preparation because the elliptical arc and arc seal head can be fed with the same thickness as a cylinder. The die can be formed by punching, can be formed by rotating or can be formed by splitting during processing and manufacturing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for forming warps of an elliptical arc and an arc-shaped end enclosure in a rectangular coordinate system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an elliptical arc and an arc-shaped end socket in a rectangular coordinate system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The warp yarn assemblies of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. However, the formation is uniform.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1
This embodiment provides an elliptic arc adds circular arc type head, and the elliptic arc adds the internal surface of circular arc type head and regards as the middle plane, and the middle plane is formed as the rotation of rotation axis by warp with predetermineeing axle Y, and warp includes changeover portion elliptic arc section and middle part circular arc section, elliptic arc section and circular arc section smooth transition. I.e. the normal or tangent of the intersection point where the two arcs intersect coincides. In production practice, the difference between the inner surface and the middle surface of the end socket is generally ignored. Compared with a general standard elliptical seal head (a standard elliptical seal head for short) and a standard disc seal head (a standard disc seal head for short), the elliptical arc and arc seal head has a better stress state and consumes less materials, and the material preparation is more convenient because the elliptical arc and arc seal head can be generally used for blanking with the same thickness as a cylinder body. Meanwhile, the standard disc seal head with poor mechanical property can be formed by spinning or splitting instead of being limited to stamping and forming like a standard elliptical seal head during processing and manufacturing.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, in a given rectangular coordinate system XOY, the center of the ellipse is located at an origin O, the major semi-axis is located at an X-axis, the minor semi-axis is located at a Y-axis, the ratio of the major semi-axis to the minor semi-axis is 2, the intersection points of the elliptical arc segment in the first quadrant and the coordinate axes X and Y are respectively B and a, the perpendicular line taking the midpoint E of the major semi-axis OB as OB intersects the elliptical arc BA at a point F (X is the intersection point of the perpendicular line taking the midpoint E of the major semi-axis OB as OB and the elliptical arc BA) 0 ，Y 0 ) The diameter of the elliptic arc, the circular arc end socket and the connected cylinder is D, and the coordinate of the F point meets the following formula:
X 0 ＝(1/4)D，Y 0 ＝(3 0.5 /8)D；
normal FM to point F intersects Y axis at point M (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) The coordinates of the M points satisfy the following formula:
X 1 ＝0，Y 1 ＝－(3×3 0.5 /8)D；
drawing an arc FN intersecting with Y axis at the center of M point and at the radius FM at the intersection of N (X) 2 ，Y 2 ) Point, FM satisfies the following equation:
FM＝(13 0.5 /4)D≈0.9014D；
the coordinates of the N points satisfy the following formula:
X 2 ＝0，Y 2 ＝(2×13 0.5 －3×3 0.5 )/8D≈0.2519D。
obviously, 0.2519D is the approximate depth of the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head, and the ratio of the approximate depth to the depth of 0.25D of the standard elliptical seal head and the standard disc seal head is 1.0076, which is very different from the depth of the standard elliptical seal head and the depth of the standard disc seal head. In addition, the inner surface area and volume of the elliptical arc and circular arc type end socket are proved to be approximately equal to those of a standard elliptical end socket.
Wherein, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis can also be changed according to actual production. The midpoint may not be taken at the long semi-axis OB.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head is δ, and the calculation of δ satisfies the following formula:
δ＝0.9P c D i /[2〔σ〕 t φ－0.5P c ]；
in the formula, P c -calculating the pressure, in units: MPa;
〔σ〕 t -allowable stress of the head material at design temperature, unit: MPa;
phi is the weld joint coefficient;
D i head internal diameter, unit: mm.
The principle of the embodiment is as follows:
through the research on the existing end socket, the inventor designs an elliptical arc and arc end socket, so that the calculated thickness is 0.9 times of the calculated thickness of a standard elliptical end socket. Thus, even when the amount of forming thinning is taken into consideration, the material can be usually blanked in the same thickness as the cylindrical body. Thus, not only is the material saved, but also the material preparation is convenient.
The strength of the elliptical arc and the circular arc type end socket can reach the invention target through finite element calculation.
And by combining a thickness calculation formula, the finally manufactured end socket can save more manufacturing materials than a standard elliptical end socket and a standard disc end socket of corresponding models, and can be manufactured by adopting a stamping forming mode, a spinning forming mode or a split forming mode, and particularly, the end socket with larger diameter is more flexible and convenient to manufacture.
Examples material comparison.
Example 1 design conditions: p c ＝0.9MPa，t＝-196℃，D i ＝2100mm，
〔σ〕 t Phi =1.0 under 137Mpa, and the material S30408 indicates that the δ of the standard elliptical head is 6.9mm, and the δ of the elliptical arc and circular arc head is 6.2mm. If the thickness additional quantity is 0.8mm, the nominal thickness is 8mm, so that the blanking thickness can be respectively 10mm and 8mm, and the minimum thickness after forming is respectively 6.9mm and 6.2mm. Its mass is 395.1Kg, 315.3Kg respectively. The latter accounts for about 80% of the former.
Example 2 design conditions: p c ＝1.6MPa，t＝50℃，D i ＝3400mm，〔σ〕 t If the material Q345R is 185Mpa, phi =1.0, the δ of the standard elliptical head is 14.7mm, and the δ of the elliptical arc and circular arc head is 13.3mm. If the thickness additional amount is 2.3mm, the nominal thickness is 18mm and 16mm respectively, so that the blanking thickness is 20mm and 18mm respectively, and the minimum thickness after forming is 16.2mm and 14.8mm respectively. The mass is 1996.1Kg and 1793.9Kg respectively. The latter accounts for about 90% of the former.
Example 3 design conditions: p is c ＝2.8MPa，t＝80℃，D i ＝2200mm，〔σ〕 t If the material is S30408, the delta of a standard elliptical head is 22.6mm, and the delta of an elliptical arc and circular arc head is 20.3mm. If the thickness additional quantity is 0.8mm, the nominal thickness is 24mm and 22mm respectively, so that the blanking thickness is 26mm and 24mm respectively, and the minimum thickness after forming is 22.6mm and 20.3mm respectively. The mass is 1143.8Kg and 1053.6Kg respectively. The latter accounts for about 92% of the former.
Generally, when the thickness of the seal head is in the range of 8mm to 32mm, the use of the elliptical arc seal head and the circular arc seal head can save 6 percent to 25 percent of material, and save about 15 percent of material on average compared with the use of a standard elliptical seal head.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a forming die of oval arc with circular arc type head for oval arc with circular arc type head in the preparation embodiment 1, the forming die of oval arc with circular arc type head corresponds has circular arc section NF and oval circular arc section FB, has in given rectangular coordinate system XOY:
when X is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25D i When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the equation of the arc segment NF is X 2 +[Y+(3×3 0.5 )/8] 2 ＝(13/16)D i 2 ；
When 0.25D i ≤X≤0.5D i When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the equation of the elliptical arc section FB is X 2 /(0.25D i 2 )+Y 2 /(0.0625D i 2 )＝1。
Here, D i Is the inner diameter of the end socket or the cylinder body.
The meridian arc section NF and the elliptical arc section FB can be compared with the labels in the diagram in reference to example 1.
The forming die of the elliptical arc and circular arc type end socket can be a stamping forming upper die or a spinning forming template or a melon petal forming die, as long as the forming surface can meet the formula.
Through the design of the forming die for the elliptical arc and arc-shaped end socket, the actual manufacturing of the elliptical arc and arc-shaped end socket in the embodiment 1 can be realized.
In summary, compared with the common standard elliptical seal head and the standard disc seal head, the elliptical arc and arc seal head of the invention has better stress state and less consumed materials, and is more convenient for material preparation because the seal head can be blanked with the same thickness as the cylinder. Meanwhile, due to the good design, the forming process is not limited to stamping forming during machining and manufacturing, spinning forming or split forming can be carried out, the manufacturing is more convenient and flexible, and the forming process has very important practical significance for the practical production and application of the pressure vessel end socket.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made in the present invention. Any changes made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, such as changing the ratio of the minor and major semi-axes of the ellipse in which the elliptical arc lies, and such as changing the ratio of the lengths of the two side line segments at the major semi-axis, etc., are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The elliptical arc and arc seal head is characterized in that the inner surface of the elliptical arc and arc seal head is regarded as a middle surface, the middle surface is formed by rotating warps by taking a preset axis Y as a rotating shaft, the warps comprise elliptical arc sections and arc sections, and the elliptical arc sections and the arc sections are in smooth transition;
in a given rectangular coordinate system XOY, the center of an ellipse in which an elliptical arc section is located at an original point O, a long semi-axis is located at an X axis, a short semi-axis is located at a Y axis, and the long semi-axis and the short semi-axis are connected with each otherThe ratio of the minor semi-axis is 2, the intersection points of the elliptic arc segment in the first quadrant and the coordinate axes X and Y are B and A respectively, the midpoint E of the major semi-axis OB is taken as the perpendicular line of OB, and the elliptic arc BA is compared with the point F (X) 0 ，Y 0 ) The diameter of the cylinder connected with the elliptic arc and the circular arc seal head is D, and the coordinate of the point F meets the following formula:
X 0 ＝(1/4)D，Y 0 ＝(3 0.5 /8)D；
normal FM to point F intersects Y at point M (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) The coordinates of the M points satisfy the following formula:
X 1 ＝0，Y 1 ＝－(3×3 0.5 /8)D；
m point is the centre of a circle of circular arc section place, and FM is the radius of the circle of circular arc section place, and FM satisfies following formula:
FM＝(13 0.5 /4)D≈0.9014D；
the intersection point of the arc FN with FM as radius and the positive half shaft of the Y axis is N (X) 2 ，Y 2 ) The coordinates of the N points satisfy the following formula:
X 2 ＝0，Y 2 ＝(2×13 0.5 －3×3 0.5 )/8D≈0.2519D；
the thickness of the elliptic arc and the circular arc type end socket is delta, and the calculation of the delta meets the following formula:
δ＝0.9P c D i /[2〔σ〕 t φ－0.5P c ]；
in the formula, P c -calculating the pressure, in units: MPa;
〔σ〕 t -allowable stress of the head material at design temperature, unit: MPa;
phi is the weld joint coefficient;
D i head internal diameter, unit: mm.
2. The forming die for the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head is used for manufacturing the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that the forming die for the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head correspondingly comprises a circular arc section NF and an elliptical arc section FB, and the forming die for the elliptical arc and circular arc seal head comprises the following components in a given rectangular coordinate system XOY:
when X is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25D i When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the equation of the arc segment NF is X 2 +[Y+(3×3 0.5 )/8] 2 ＝(13/16)D i 2 ；
When it is 0.25D i ≤X≤0.5D i When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
the equation of the elliptical arc section FB is X 2 /(0.25D i 2 )+Y 2 /(0.0625D i 2 )＝1。
CN201810915564.6A 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 Forming die for elliptical arc and arc seal head and elliptical arc and arc seal head Active CN109101729B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101963480A (en) * 2010-08-06 2011-02-02 李业勤 Testing mould for manufacturing process of parabola-arc end socket
WO2016127659A1 (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-18 南通大通宝富风机有限公司 Containment building atmospheric monitoring system fan

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101963480A (en) * 2010-08-06 2011-02-02 李业勤 Testing mould for manufacturing process of parabola-arc end socket
WO2016127659A1 (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-18 南通大通宝富风机有限公司 Containment building atmospheric monitoring system fan

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
压力容器封头旋压成型可行性探讨;李业勤;《化工装备技术》;19930605(第03期);全文 *

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