CN109100805A - A kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference - Google Patents
A kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference.The described method includes: arriving the distance on sea level respectively according to distance, target geophone station and the shot point of target geophone station to the shot point in marine work area, and sea level determines the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of target geophone station to the distance at sub-bottom reflection interface；Based on delay time, the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of target geophone station is determined；According to seismic data and operator, the time-domain value of seismic data after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of target geophone station is determined.Technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application can effectively eliminate the shot point ghosting multiple wave interference effect that sea level generates in seismic data, to achieve the purpose that improve seismic data signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio in marine work area.
Description
Technical field
This application involves technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a kind of the method and dress of removal shot point ghosting interference
It sets.
Background technique
With the development of seismic exploration technique, the difficulty and depth of exploratory engineering of off-shore petroleum/gas reservoir are also increasing, to seismic data
Signal-to-noise ratio and resolution requirement it is also higher and higher.Marine streamer acquisition technique, wave detector is fixed on towing cable, can be obtained
High-resolution 3D seismic data.The wave detector of stationary arrangement is fixed on specifically, marine streamer acquisition technique can be
Seismic wave is received on towing cable, same boat pulls air gun source and carry out seismic wave excitation.Global positioning system can be passed through
(Global Positioning System, referred to as GPS) or the accurate of big gun ship is provided based on the radio-positioning of seashore
Position, while also the position of wave detector on towing cable is accurately positioned and is recorded.
When carrying out data acquisition, the reflection seismic wavelet that air gun source issues is propagated down into from hypocentral location to be reached
This seismic wavelet is reflected by this strong reflection interface of seabed in seabed.Seismic wavelet after reflection continues up advance, arrives
Up at the wave detector of towing cable position, wave detector incudes and records this reflection seismic wavelet, this is first reflection wave, is ground
Shake effective reflection signal in data.Meanwhile this reflection seismic wavelet that air gun source issues can also be upward from hypocentral location
Advance and reaches sea, since sea is a stronger reflecting interface, the reflection of the reflection seismic wavelet by sea, change side
To propagating down into up to behind seabed, since seabed is a strong reflection interface, it can emit this seismic wavelet, reflection wavelet after
Continuous to advance up the wave detector arrived again in towing cable, wave detector incudes again and records this reflection seismic wavelet at this time,
And this reflected by sea level after using sub-bottom reflection and the reflection seismic wavelet recorded by wave detector be inefficient reflections
Signal, i.e. sea level shot point ghosting multiple wave.Sea level shot point ghosting multiple wave has not only interfered having in seismic data
Effect reflection signal, and will cause seismic reflection wavelet and generate very deep frequency recess.
Currently, the noise that can eliminate the generation of sea level ghosting multiple wave by technologies such as conventional deconvolution is dry
It disturbs.However, it is difficult to completely eliminate the noise jamming of ghosting multiple wave in sea level in seawater seismic data using deconvolution, it is also difficult
To restore the frequency recess of ghosting multiple wave noise jamming generation completely.Therefore, one kind is needed to effectively eliminate in seismic data
The method for the shot point ghosting multiple wave interference effect that sea level generates.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference, to effectively eliminate
The shot point ghosting multiple wave interference effect that sea level generates in seismic data, to reach seismic data in the marine work area of raising
The purpose of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference
It is achieved in that
A method of removal shot point ghosting interference is provided with the ground of target geophone station in the time domain in marine work area
Shake distance, the target geophone station and the shot point point of data, the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area
It is clipped to the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface；The described method includes:
According to the target geophone station to distance, the target geophone station and the big gun of the shot point in the marine work area
Point arrives the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively, determines the target geophone station pair
The delay time for the shot point ghosting delay answered；
Based on the delay time, the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station is determined；
According to the seismic data and the operator, the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of the target geophone station is determined
The time-domain value of seismic data afterwards.
In preferred embodiment, the method is also provided with seawater speed；Determine that the corresponding shot point of the target geophone station is empty anti-
Penetrate the delay time of delay, comprising:
According to the target geophone station to distance, the target geophone station and the big gun of the shot point in the marine work area
Point arrives the distance on sea level, the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface and the seawater speed respectively, determines respectively
Primary event time and ghosting time of the shot point to the target geophone station；
The ghosting time is subtracted into the primary event time, obtains the delay time.
In preferred embodiment, the primary event time and the ghosting time are determined respectively using following formula:
Wherein,WithRespectively indicate the shot point to n-th of geophone station in the marine work area the primary event time
With the ghosting time, n-th of geophone station indicates the target geophone station；xnIndicate the shot point to the target geophone station
Distance, d indicates the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, zrAnd zsRespectively indicate the target geophone station and described
Shot point arrives the distance on sea level respectively, and V indicates the seawater speed.
In preferred embodiment, the method is also provided with the corresponding multiple sea level reflection coefficients in the marine work area；It determines
The corresponding operator for removing shot point ghosting of the target geophone station, comprising:
According to the multiple sea level reflection coefficient, target reflection factor and target quadratic sum reflection coefficient are determined respectively；
Based on the delay time and the target reflection factor, the corresponding average complex conjugate of the target geophone station is determined
The ghosting factor；Based on the delay time, the target reflection factor and the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, determine described in
The corresponding mean square of target geophone station and the ghosting factor；
According to the average complex conjugate ghosting factor and the mean square and the ghosting factor, the target inspection is determined
The operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of wave point.
In preferred embodiment, the target reflection factor is determined using following formula:
Wherein, r indicates the target reflection factor, riIndicate i-th of sea level in the multiple sea level reflection coefficient
Reflection coefficient, NK indicate the quantity of sea level reflection coefficient；
The target quadratic sum reflection coefficient is determined using following formula:
Wherein, rr indicates the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, riIt indicates in the multiple sea level reflection coefficient i-th
Sea level reflection coefficient, NK indicate the quantity of sea level reflection coefficient.
In preferred embodiment, the method, which is also provided with, carries out Fu to the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain
In the seismic data of the target geophone station that obtains after leaf transformation in frequency domain；It is determined using following formula described average multiple
Conjugate radical reflection factor:
Wherein,Indicate the average complex conjugate ghosting factor, k indicates the target geophone station in frequency domain
Seismic data in sampling point serial number, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, NL indicates earthquake of the target geophone station in frequency domain
Sampling point total number in data, r indicate that the target reflection factor, Δ f indicate frequency sampling interval, and Δ t indicates the target
The sampling interval of the seismic data of geophone station in the time domain, j are imaginary unit, j2=-1,It indicates in the marine work area
The corresponding shot point ghosting delay of n-th of geophone station delay time；Wherein, n-th of geophone station indicates the target
Geophone station.
In preferred embodiment, the method, which is also provided with, carries out Fu to the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain
In the seismic data of the target geophone station that obtains after leaf transformation in frequency domain；It is determined using following formula described average flat
Side and the ghosting factor:
Wherein,Indicate that the mean square and the ghosting factor, k indicate the target geophone station in frequency domain
Seismic data in sampling point serial number, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, NL indicates earthquake of the target geophone station in frequency domain
Sampling point total number in data, r indicate that the target reflection factor, rr indicate that the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, Δ f indicate
Frequency sampling interval, Δ t indicate the sampling interval of the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain,Indicate the sea
The delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of n-th of geophone station in upper work area；Wherein, n-th of geophone station indicates
The target geophone station.
In preferred embodiment, the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station is determined using following formula:
WNL=e-j2π/NL
Wherein, gn[m] indicates the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area,
N-th of geophone station indicates the target geophone station；M indicates the sample in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain
Dot sequency number, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the sampling point total number in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain,
G [k] indicates the corresponding removal shot point ghosting factor of the target geophone station, and k indicates the target geophone station in frequency domain
Seismic data in sampling point serial number, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, NL indicates earthquake of the target geophone station in frequency domain
Sampling point total number in data,Indicate the average complex conjugate ghosting factor,Indicate the mean square and
The ghosting factor, j are imaginary unit, j2=-1.
In preferred embodiment, with determining after the target geophone station corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference using following formula
Shake the time-domain value of data:
Wherein, ynAfter the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of n-th of geophone station in [l] expression marine work area
The time-domain value of data is shaken, n-th of geophone station indicates that the target geophone station, l indicate that the target geophone station is corresponding and go
Except the sampling point serial number after shot point ghosting interference in seismic data, l=1,2,3 ..., NN, NN indicates the target geophone station
Sampling point total number in seismic data in the time domain, gn[m] indicates that the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is empty anti-
The operator penetrated, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the sampling point total number in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain,
sn[l-m] indicates the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain.
A kind of device of removal shot point ghosting interference, described device provide in marine work area target geophone station in time-domain
In seismic data, the target geophone station to the distance of the shot point in the marine work area, the target geophone station and described
Shot point arrives the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively；When described device includes: delay
Between determining module, operator determining module and seismic target earthquakes data determining module；Wherein,
The delay time determining module, for according to the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area away from
From, the target geophone station and the shot point is arrived with a distance from sea level respectively and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface
Distance determines the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of the target geophone station；
The operator determining module determines the corresponding removal big gun of the target geophone station for being based on the delay time
The operator of point ghosting；
The seismic target earthquakes data determining module, for determining the target according to the seismic data and the operator
The time-domain value of seismic data after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of geophone station.
As can be seen from the technical scheme provided by the above embodiments of the present application, removal shot point ghosting provided by the embodiments of the present application
The method and device of interference, can be according to the target geophone station to distance, the target of the shot point in the marine work area
Geophone station and the shot point arrive the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively, determine institute
State the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of target geophone station；It is then possible to the delay time is based on, described in determination
The operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of target geophone station；Finally, can be determined according to the seismic data and the operator
The corresponding time-domain value for removing seismic data after shot point ghosting is interfered of the target geophone station.In this way, the application method can be with
Realize removal shot point ghosting processing in marine streamer data, it is more to eliminate the shot point ghosting that sea level generates in seismic data
Subwave interference effect, to achieve the purpose that improve seismic data signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio in marine work area.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property
Under, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the embodiment of the method for removal shot point ghosting interference of the application；
Fig. 2 is the propagation path schematic diagram of shot point ghosting multiple wave in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 (a) is the schematic diagram that the common-shot-gather data before shot point ghosting processing are removed in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 (b) is that the method in the embodiment of the present application using the prior art is removed shot point ghosting treated altogether
The schematic diagram of shot point trace gather data；
Fig. 3 (c) is to be removed shot point ghosting treated big gun altogether using the present processes in the embodiment of the present application
The schematic diagram of point trace gather data；
Fig. 4 (a) is the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of the common-shot-gather data in Fig. 3 (a)；
Fig. 4 (b) is the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of the common-shot-gather data in Fig. 3 (b)；
Fig. 4 (c) is the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of the common-shot-gather data in Fig. 3 (c)；
Fig. 5 is a kind of composed structure schematic diagram of the embodiment for the device that the application removes shot point ghosting interference；
Fig. 6 is the composed structure schematic diagram of another embodiment for the device that the application removes shot point ghosting interference.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method and device of removal shot point ghosting interference.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality
The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field is common
The application protection all should belong in technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts
Range.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method of removal shot point ghosting interference.The removal shot point ghosting interference
Method can be provided with the seismic data in the time domain of target geophone station in marine work area, the target geophone station to described
The distance of shot point in marine work area, the target geophone station and the shot point arrive respectively sea level distance and the sea
Plane to sub-bottom reflection interface distance.Moreover, the method for the removal shot point ghosting interference can also provide
State the corresponding multiple sea level reflection coefficients in marine work area
In the present embodiment, the seismic data of target geophone station in the time domain in the available marine work area.
Seismic data in the time domain can also be converted by frequency domain using the method for Fourier transformation, obtained in frequency domain
Seismic data.Wherein, in the present embodiment, the target geophone station can refer to any one inspection in the marine work area
Wave point.For example, n-th of geophone station in the sea work area.The geophone station is referred to as receiving point.That is, above-mentioned acquisition
Seismic data of the target geophone station in frequency domain can be equal to intended recipient point in the marine work area of acquisition and exist in marine work area
Seismic data in frequency domain.
In the present embodiment, it can use marine streamer acquisition technique, wave detector be fixed on towing cable locality
Shake data.Seismic data can also be acquired using other methods in practical applications, the application is not construed as limiting this.
In the present embodiment, the target geophone station can directly be measured to institute during acquiring seismic data
Distance, the target geophone station and the shot point of the shot point in marine work area are stated respectively to the distance on sea level and described
The distance at sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface.
In the present embodiment, the collected seismic data of target geophone station institute in marine work area can be located in advance
Reason.Wherein, the pretreatment, which can be, is arranged label, the observation system for defining seismic data, to collected for seismic data
Seismic data carries out the processing such as velocity analysis.In the present embodiment, it during progress seismic data is pretreated, can incite somebody to action
Collected seismic channel data is saved according to any one file format such as SEGY, CGG and grisys.
In the present embodiment, the corresponding multiple Hai Ping in the marine work area can be obtained by way of data collection
Face reflection coefficient.In practical applications, each seismic prospecting personnel can measure in the sea work area not according to respective experience
With the sea level reflection coefficient in region, in this way, the corresponding multiple seas in the marine work area can be obtained by collecting these data
Reflection coefficient plane.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the embodiment of the method for removal shot point ghosting interference of the application.As shown in Figure 1, described
The method for removing shot point ghosting interference, includes the following steps.
Step S101: distance, the target detection according to the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area
Point and the shot point arrive the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively, determine the mesh
Mark the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of geophone station.
Ghosting is one of multiple reflections, can refer to and be upwardly propagated by demolition point, encounter weathering zone bottom surface or
After ground, and it is reflected down propagation, last the phenomenon that reflexing to ground again from following reflecting interface again.Therefore, ghosting
Often accompany (therefore be properly termed as ghost) with primary event, perhaps mix with the tail portion of primary event or shape again
At individual wave.
Further, for the ghosting of sea level, reflection seismic wavelet is propagated down into from hypocentral location up to seabed,
Since seabed is a strong reflection interface, it can reflect this seismic wavelet.Reflection wavelet continues up advance and reaches towing cable position
At the wave detector set, it is having in seismic data that wave detector, which incudes and records this reflection seismic wavelet, this is primary reflection
Effect reflection signal.Meanwhile reflection seismic wavelet can also be advanced up from hypocentral location reach sea, due to sea be one compared with
Strong reflecting interface, the reflection of the reflection seismic wavelet by sea change direction and propagate down into up to after seabed, due to seabed
It is a strong reflection interface, it can emit this seismic wavelet, and reflection wavelet continues up the inspection advanced and arrived again in towing cable
Wave device, wave detector incudes again and records this reflection seismic wavelet at this time, and this reflected by sea level after using
The sub-bottom reflection and reflection seismic wavelet recorded by wave detector is inefficient reflections signal, i.e. sea level shot point ghosting is multiple
Wave.Sea level ghosting multiple wave is maximum noise jamming in seismic exploration data in marine work area.In the application embodiment party
It is dry to also refer to noise caused by the shot point ghosting multiple wave of sea level for removal shot point ghosting interference described in formula
It disturbs.
In the present embodiment, the primary anti-of same shot point (i.e. focus) can will be come from received by same geophone station
Time interval between ejected wave and ghosting multiple wave is known as the time of shot point ghosting delay.
In the present embodiment, distance to the shot point in the sea work area of the target geophone station, described is being obtained
Target geophone station and the shot point arrive respectively sea level distance and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface distance it
It afterwards, can be according to the target geophone station to distance, the target geophone station and the big gun of the shot point in the marine work area
Point arrives the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively, determines the target geophone station pair
The delay time for the shot point ghosting delay answered.It specifically, can be according in the target geophone station to the marine work area
The distance of shot point, the target geophone station and the shot point arrive the distance on sea level, the sea level to sub-bottom reflection circle respectively
The distance in face and the seawater speed determine primary event time and void of the shot point to the target geophone station respectively
Reflection interval, and the ghosting time can be subtracted into the primary event time, obtain the delay time.For example, root
According to the propagation path schematic diagram of shot point ghosting multiple wave shown in Fig. 2, the marine work area can be determined using following formula
The delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of n-th interior of geophone station
Wherein,WithRespectively indicate the shot point to n-th of geophone station in the marine work area the primary event time
With the ghosting time, n-th of geophone station indicates the target geophone station.
For the propagation path schematic diagram of shot point ghosting multiple wave as shown in Figure 2, d indicates sea level to underground
The distance of reflecting interface, i.e., the distance on the described sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface；zsAnd zrSea level is respectively indicated to shot point level
The distance in face and geophone station horizontal plane, i.e., the described shot point and the target geophone station arrive the distance on sea level respectively；xnIndicate n-th
The distance of a geophone station or receiving point to shot point, V expression seawater speed.
The shot point can be determined to the primary anti-of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area respectively using following formula
Penetrate time and ghosting time:
Wherein,WithRespectively indicate the shot point to n-th of geophone station in the marine work area the primary event time
With the ghosting time.
Step S102: being based on the delay time, determines the calculation of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station
Son.
In the present embodiment, it is based on the delay time, determines that the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is empty anti-
The operator penetrated, can specifically include, and can determine target reflection factor and mesh respectively according to the multiple sea level reflection coefficient
Mark quadratic sum reflection coefficient；It can be based on the delay time and the target reflection factor, determine the target geophone station pair
The average complex conjugate ghosting factor answered；It can be based on the delay time, the target reflection factor and the target square
And reflection coefficient, determine the corresponding mean square of the target geophone station and the ghosting factor；It can be according to described average multiple total
The yoke ghosting factor and the mean square and the ghosting factor determine the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station
Operator.
In the present embodiment, the target reflection factor can be determined using following formula:
Wherein, r indicates the target reflection factor, riIndicate i-th of sea level in the multiple sea level reflection coefficient
Reflection coefficient, i=1,2,3 ..., NK, NK indicate the quantity of sea level reflection coefficient.
The target quadratic sum reflection coefficient can be determined using following formula:
Wherein, rr indicates the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, riIt indicates in the multiple sea level reflection coefficient i-th
Sea level reflection coefficient, NK indicate the quantity of sea level reflection coefficient.
In the present embodiment, the adjoint reflection as primary event delay, ghosting appear in a seismic channel.
Ghosting may include: shot point ghosting and receiving point ghosting.Shot point ghosting is the primary event energy by moving down
Secondary focus generate, and this primary event is the energy production by moving up；Receiving point ghosting is by upward
What the secondary focus of mobile primary event energy generated, and this primary event is the energy production by moving down.Make
Ghosting is simulated with minimum phase pulse, can be indicated in the time domain are as follows:
Wherein, Sn(t) seismic channel comprising primary event and ghosting of n-th of geophone station to focus, R are indicatedn(t) table
Show primary event seismic channel of the shot point to n-th of geophone station, the propagation time of t expression seismic data, riIndicate the multiple sea
I-th of sea level reflection coefficient in reflection coefficient plane, value range are 0.9≤ri≤1；It is corresponding for n-th of geophone station
Shot point ghost delay time,For the corresponding receiving point ghost delay time of n-th of geophone station,For n-th of detection
The corresponding shot point receiving point ghost delay time of point.
The seismic channel comprising primary event and ghosting of n-th of geophone station to focus can indicate in frequency domain
Are as follows:
Wherein, S (f) indicates seismic channel frequency spectrum comprising primary event and ghosting of n-th of geophone station to shot point, R (f)
Indicate primary event seismic channel frequency spectrum of n-th of geophone station to shot point, f expression frequency.For zero-offset seismic data, have
Formula (8) are substituted into formula (7), are had
In this way, enabling
Obviously, have
Formula (10), (11) and (12) are substituted into formula (9), are had
S (f)=U (f)+D (f) (13)
In this way, i-th of sea level reflection coefficient and the corresponding shot point ghosting operator of n-th of geophone station can be with
It indicates are as follows:
Then have
I.e.
Wherein, symbol H indicates complex conjugate operation.The corresponding removal shot point ghosting of i-th of sea level reflection coefficient
Seismic channel data afterwards can indicate are as follows:
For different sea level reflection coefficient ri, wherein i=1,2,3 ..., NK, NK indicate the number of sea level reflection coefficient
Amount, by formula (17), has
By formula (19), have
In this way, the removal shot point ghosting factor can indicate are as follows:
After formula (15) sliding-model control, there is the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of i-th of sea level reflection coefficient
The factor
Corresponding conjugation removes the shot point ghosting factor
Wherein, k indicates sampling point serial number of the target geophone station in the seismic data in frequency domain, k=1,2,
3 ..., NL, NL indicate sampling point total number of the target geophone station in the seismic data in frequency domain, and r indicates the target
Reflection coefficient, j are imaginary unit, j2=-1,Indicate the corresponding shot point ghosting of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area
The delay time of delay.Wherein it is possible to calculate frequency sampling interval delta f using following formula:
Wherein, Δ t indicates the sampling interval of the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain.
After formula (21) are carried out sliding-model control, have
By formula (23), have
In this way, can determine the average complex conjugate ghosting factor using following formula
Wherein, k indicates sampling point serial number of the target geophone station in the seismic data in frequency domain, k=1,2,
3 ..., NL, NL indicate sampling point total number of the target geophone station in the seismic data in frequency domain, and r indicates the target
Reflection coefficient, Δ f indicate frequency sampling interval, and j is imaginary unit, j2=-1,Indicate n-th of inspection in the marine work area
The delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of wave point；Wherein, n-th of geophone station indicates the target geophone station.
By formula (22), have
In this way, can determine the mean square and the ghosting factor using following formula
Wherein, r indicates that the target reflection factor, rr indicate the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient.
By formula (25), the corresponding removal shot point ghosting factor of the target geophone station can be determined using following formula
G [k]:
Wherein,Indicate the average complex conjugate ghosting factor,Indicate the mean square and ghosting
The factor.
In the present embodiment, the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station can be determined using following formula
Operator:
Wherein, WNL=e-j2π/NL (32)
In formula (31) and (32), gn[m] indicates the corresponding removal shot point of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area
The operator of ghosting, n-th of geophone station indicate the target geophone station；M indicates that removal shot point in the time domain is empty anti-
Sampling point serial number in the operator penetrated, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain
In sampling point total number, G [k] indicates the corresponding removal shot point ghosting factor of the target geophone station, and k indicates that the target is examined
Sampling point serial number of the wave point in the seismic data in frequency domain, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, NL indicate that the target geophone station exists
Sampling point total number in seismic data in frequency domain, j are imaginary unit, j2=-1.
Step S103: according to the seismic data and the operator, the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is determined
The time-domain value of seismic data after ghosting interference.
In the present embodiment, the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station can be determined using following formula
The time-domain value of seismic data after interference:
Wherein, ynAfter the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of n-th of geophone station in [l] expression marine work area
The time-domain value of data is shaken, n-th of geophone station indicates that the target geophone station, l indicate that the target geophone station is corresponding and go
Except the sampling point serial number after shot point ghosting interference in seismic data, l=1,2,3 ..., NN, NN indicates the target geophone station
Sampling point total number in seismic data in the time domain, gn[m] indicates that the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is empty anti-
The operator penetrated, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the sampling point total number in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain,
sn[l-m] indicates the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain.
After step S103, the embodiment of the present application can also include that the seismic data after drawing removal shot point ghosting cuts open
Seismic data behind face, and storage removal shot point ghosting.
The embodiment of the method for the removal shot point ghosting interference, can be according to the target geophone station to the marine work
Distance that the distance of shot point in area, the target geophone station and the shot point arrive sea level respectively and the sea level are extremely
The distance at sub-bottom reflection interface determines the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of the target geophone station；It is then possible to
Based on the delay time, the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station is determined；Finally, can according to institute
State seismic data and the operator, determine the target geophone station it is corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference after seismic data when
Thresholding.In this way, the application method may be implemented to remove shot point ghosting processing in marine streamer data, to eliminate in seismic data
The shot point ghosting multiple wave interference effect that sea level generates, to reach seismic data signal-to-noise ratio in the marine work area of raising and divide
The purpose of resolution.Moreover, it can not only restore seismic reflection wavelet Frequency ingredient using the application method, also restore
Higher frequency ingredient, therefore effective band can have effectively been widened, improve streamer seismic data resolution ratio.
Meanwhile it is empty can directly to design removal shot point using shot point ghost delay time is directly calculated for the application method
The operator of the reflection interference factor and removal shot point ghosting, with calculation amount is small, calculating speed is fast, stability is good and computational accuracy
High feature.The application method introduces mean square and the ghosting factor, so that the calculating of ghosting operator is more steady, has very
Strong anti-noise ability.
For the beneficial effect for illustrating the embodiment of the present application of removing, it is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Test data is a practical deep-sea towing cable collection data, 9.5 meters of depth of towing cable sinking (m), towing cable overall length 6000m,
Working path number 480, road spacing 12.5m, rifle sinking depth 7.5m, shot-geophone distances is 50m.Shot point depth uses when actual treatment
7.5m, receiving point depth are read from data header word, 1545 meter per second (m/s) of seawater speed value.Data time sample rate is
2 milliseconds (ms), 250 hertz of maximum frequency (Hz).Fig. 3 (a) is being total to before removing shot point ghosting processing in the embodiment of the present application
The schematic diagram of shot point trace gather data；Fig. 3 (b) is that the method in the embodiment of the present application using the prior art is removed shot point void instead
The schematic diagram for common-shot-gather data of penetrating that treated；Fig. 3 (c) is to be gone in the embodiment of the present application using the present processes
Except the schematic diagram of shot point ghosting treated common-shot-gather data.Abscissa in Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c) and
Ordinate is respectively Taoist monastic name and sampling time, and the unit in sampling time is ms.As shown in Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c), adopt
With in the application method removal shot point ghosting treated seismic data, sub-bottom reflection lineups and wavelet secondary lobe continuity and
Consistency, hence it is evident that be better than existing conventional method, and reflection wavelet length is significantly less than existing conventional method, therefore, the application
Shot point ghosting can be effectively removed in method, seismic wavelet is compressed, to improve seismic data resolution.Fig. 4 (a) is figure
The amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of common-shot-gather data in 3 (a)；Fig. 4 (b) is the amplitude spectrum of the common-shot-gather data in Fig. 3 (b)
Schematic diagram；Fig. 4 (c) is the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of the common-shot-gather data in Fig. 3 (c).In Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b) and Fig. 4 (c)
Abscissa and ordinate be respectively frequency and amplitude, the unit of frequency is Hz.As shown in Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b) and Fig. 4 (c),
The application method removes data after shot point ghosting processing, and low frequency is lower than existing conventional method, and high-frequency ratio conventional method is higher,
The effective bandwidth of seismic data is widened.Shot point ghosting can be more efficiently eliminated using the application method, compressively
Wavelet is shaken, has not only restored Frequency ingredient, and restored higher frequency ingredient, therefore has effectively widened effective frequency
Band improves streamer seismic data resolution ratio.
Fig. 5 is a kind of composed structure schematic diagram of the embodiment for the device that the application removes shot point ghosting interference.It is described
The device for removing shot point ghosting interference provides the seismic data in the time domain of target geophone station in marine work area, the target
Distance, the target geophone station and the shot point of geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area arrive respectively sea level away from
From and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface distance.As shown in figure 5, the device of the removal shot point ghosting interference
It may include: delay time determining module 100, operator determining module 200 and seismic target earthquakes data determining module 300.
The delay time determining module 100, for according to the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area
Distance, the target geophone station and the shot point distance that arrives sea level respectively and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection circle
The distance in face determines the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of the target geophone station.
The operator determining module 200 determines the corresponding removal of the target geophone station for being based on the delay time
The operator of shot point ghosting.
The seismic target earthquakes data determining module 300, for determining the mesh according to the seismic data and the operator
Mark the time-domain value of seismic data after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of geophone station is interfered.
Fig. 6 is the composed structure schematic diagram of another embodiment for the device that the application removes shot point ghosting interference.Such as
Shown in Fig. 6, the device of the removal shot point ghosting interference may include memory, processor and be stored in the storage
Computer program on device, be stored in the memory seismic data in the time domain of target geophone station in marine work area,
Distance, the target geophone station and the shot point of the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area arrive Hai Ping respectively
The distance in face and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, when the computer program is run by the processor
Execute following steps:
Step S101: distance, the target detection according to the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area
Point and the shot point arrive the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively, determine the mesh
Mark the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of geophone station；
Step S102: being based on the delay time, determines the calculation of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station
Son；
Step S103: according to the seismic data and the operator, the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is determined
The time-domain value of seismic data after ghosting interference.
The Installation practice of the removal shot point ghosting interference and the method for the removal shot point ghosting interference are implemented
Example is corresponding, and the embodiment of the method for removal shot point ghosting interference, and the technical effect of adquisitiones embodiment may be implemented.
In the 1990s, the improvement of a technology can be distinguished clearly be on hardware improvement (for example,
Improvement to circuit structures such as diode, transistor, switches) or software on improvement (improvement for method flow).So
And with the development of technology, the improvement of current many method flows can be considered as directly improving for hardware circuit.
Designer nearly all obtains corresponding hardware circuit by the way that improved method flow to be programmed into hardware circuit.Cause
This, it cannot be said that the improvement of a method flow cannot be realized with hardware entities module.For example, programmable logic device
(Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (such as field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate
Array, FPGA)) it is exactly such a integrated circuit, logic function determines device programming by user.By designer
Voluntarily programming comes a digital display circuit " integrated " on a piece of PLD, designs and makes without asking chip maker
Dedicated IC chip.Moreover, nowadays, substitution manually makes IC chip, this programming is also used instead mostly " is patrolled
Volume compiler (logic compiler) " software realizes that software compiler used is similar when it writes with program development,
And the source code before compiling also write by handy specific programming language, this is referred to as hardware description language
(Hardware Description Language, HDL), and HDL is also not only a kind of, but there are many kind, such as ABEL
(Advanced Boolean Expression Language)、AHDL(Altera Hardware Description
Language)、Confluence、CUPL(Cornell University Programming Language)、HDCal、JHDL
(Java Hardware Description Language)、Lava、Lola、MyHDL、PALASM、RHDL(Ruby
Hardware Description Language) etc., VHDL (Very-High-Speed is most generally used at present
Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog2.Those skilled in the art
It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that only needing method flow slightly programming in logic and being programmed into integrated circuit with above-mentioned several hardware description languages
In, so that it may it is readily available the hardware circuit for realizing the logical method process.
It is also known in the art that other than realizing controller in a manner of pure computer readable program code, it is complete
Entirely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come so that controller with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable
Logic controller realizes identical function with the form for being embedded in microcontroller etc..Therefore this controller is considered one kind
Hardware component, and the structure that the device for realizing various functions for including in it can also be considered as in hardware component.Or
Even, can will be considered as realizing the device of various functions either the software module of implementation method can be Hardware Subdivision again
Structure in part.
Device that above-described embodiment illustrates, module can specifically realize by computer chip or entity, or by having certain
The product of function is planted to realize.
For convenience of description, it is divided into various modules when description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, implementing this
The function of each module can be realized in the same or multiple software and or hardware when application.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can
It realizes by means of software and necessary general hardware platform.Based on this understanding, the technical solution essence of the application
On in other words the part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products, in a typical configuration
In, calculating equipment includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, network interface and memory.The computer is soft
Part product may include that some instructions are used so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or network
Equipment etc.) execute method described in certain parts of each embodiment of the application or embodiment.The computer software product can
To be stored in memory, memory may include the non-volatile memory in computer-readable medium, random access memory
(RAM) and/or the forms such as Nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM).Memory is computer
The example of readable medium.Computer-readable medium includes that permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media can be by
Any method or technique come realize information store.Information can be computer readable instructions, data structure, the module of program or its
His data.The example of the storage medium of computer includes, but are not limited to phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory
(SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other kinds of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory
(ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory techniques, CD-ROM are read-only
Memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape magnetic disk storage or
Other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission medium, can be used for storage can be accessed by a computing device information.According to
Herein defines, and computer-readable medium does not include of short duration computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulation
Data-signal and carrier wave.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
The application can be used in numerous general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.Such as: personal computer, clothes
Business device computer, handheld device or portable device, laptop device, multicomputer system, microprocessor-based system, set
Top box, programmable consumer-elcetronics devices, network PC, minicomputer, mainframe computer including any of the above system or equipment
Distributed computing environment etc..
The application can describe in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program
Module.Generally, program module includes routines performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types, programs, objects, group
Part, data structure etc..The application can also be practiced in a distributed computing environment, in these distributed computing environments, by
Task is executed by the connected remote processing devices of communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be with
In the local and remote computer storage media including storage equipment.
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application there are many deformation and
Variation is without departing from spirit herein, it is desirable to which the attached claims include these deformations and change without departing from the application's
Spirit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of removal shot point ghosting interference, which is characterized in that be provided in marine work area target geophone station when
Between seismic data in domain, the target geophone station to the distance of the shot point in the marine work area, the target geophone station and
The shot point arrives the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively；The described method includes:
According to the target geophone station to distance, the target geophone station and the shot point point of the shot point in the marine work area
It is clipped to the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, determines that the target geophone station is corresponding
The delay time of shot point ghosting delay；
Based on the delay time, the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station is determined；
According to the seismic data and the operator, with determining after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of the target geophone station
Shake the time-domain value of data.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method is also provided with seawater speed；Determine the mesh
Mark the delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of geophone station, comprising:
According to the target geophone station to distance, the target geophone station and the shot point point of the shot point in the marine work area
Be clipped to the distance on sea level, the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface and the seawater speed, respectively determine described in
Primary event time and ghosting time of the shot point to the target geophone station；
The ghosting time is subtracted into the primary event time, obtains the delay time.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, determining the primary event time respectively using following formula
With the ghosting time:
Wherein,WithRespectively indicate primary event time and void of the shot point to n-th of geophone station in the marine work area
Reflection interval, n-th of geophone station indicate the target geophone station；xnIndicate the shot point to the target geophone station away from
From d indicates the distance on the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface, zrAnd zsRespectively indicate the target geophone station and the shot point
The distance on sea level is arrived respectively, and V indicates the seawater speed.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein to be also provided with the marine work area corresponding more for the method
A sea level reflection coefficient；Determine the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station, comprising:
According to the multiple sea level reflection coefficient, target reflection factor and target quadratic sum reflection coefficient are determined respectively；
Based on the delay time and the target reflection factor, determine that the corresponding average complex conjugate of the target geophone station is empty anti-
Penetrate the factor；Based on the delay time, the target reflection factor and the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, the target is determined
The corresponding mean square of geophone station and the ghosting factor；
According to the average complex conjugate ghosting factor and the mean square and the ghosting factor, the target geophone station is determined
The operator of corresponding removal shot point ghosting.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, determining the target reflection factor using following formula:
Wherein, r indicates the target reflection factor, riIndicate i-th of sea level reflection system in the multiple sea level reflection coefficient
Number, i=1,2,3 ..., NK, NK indicate the quantity of sea level reflection coefficient；
The target quadratic sum reflection coefficient is determined using following formula:
Wherein, rr indicates the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient.
6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the method be also provided with to the target geophone station when
Between seismic data of the target geophone station that obtained after Fourier transformation of seismic data in domain in frequency domain；Using
Following formula determine the average complex conjugate ghosting factor:
Wherein,Indicate the average complex conjugate ghosting factor, k indicates ground of the target geophone station in frequency domain
The sampling point serial number in data, k=1,2,3 ..., NL are shaken, NL indicates seismic data of the target geophone station in frequency domain
In sampling point total number, r indicates that the target reflection factor, Δ f indicate frequency sampling interval, and Δ t indicates the target detection
In the sampling interval of the seismic data of point in the time domain, j is imaginary unit, j2=-1,Indicate n-th in the marine work area
The delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of a geophone station；Wherein, n-th of geophone station indicates the target detection
Point.
7. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the method be also provided with to the target geophone station when
Between seismic data of the target geophone station that obtained after Fourier transformation of seismic data in domain in frequency domain；Using
Following formula determine the mean square and the ghosting factor:
Wherein,Indicate that the mean square and the ghosting factor, k indicate ground of the target geophone station in frequency domain
The sampling point serial number in data, k=1,2,3 ..., NL are shaken, NL indicates seismic data of the target geophone station in frequency domain
In sampling point total number, r indicates that the target reflection factor, rr indicate that the target quadratic sum reflection coefficient, Δ f indicate frequency
Sampling interval, Δ t indicate the sampling interval of the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain,Indicate the marine work
The delay time of the corresponding shot point ghosting delay of n-th of geophone station in area；Wherein, described in n-th of geophone station expression
Target geophone station.
8. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, determining that the target geophone station is corresponding using following formula
Remove the operator of shot point ghosting:
WNL=e-j2π/NL
Wherein, gn[m] indicates the operator of the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area, described the
N geophone station indicates the target geophone station；M indicates the sampling point sequence in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain
Number, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the sampling point total number in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain, G [k] table
Show the corresponding removal shot point ghosting factor of the target geophone station, k indicates earthquake of the target geophone station in frequency domain
Sampling point serial number in data, k=1,2,3 ..., NL, NL indicate the target geophone station in the seismic data in frequency domain
Sampling point total number,Indicate the average complex conjugate ghosting factor,Indicate the mean square and ghosting
The factor, j are imaginary unit, j2=-1.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein determining that the target geophone station is corresponding using following formula
Remove the time-domain value of seismic data after shot point ghosting is interfered:
Wherein, yn[l] indicates earthquake number after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of n-th of geophone station in the marine work area
According to time-domain value, n-th of geophone station indicate that the target geophone station, l indicate the corresponding removal big gun of the target geophone station
Sampling point serial number after point ghosting interference in seismic data, l=1,2,3 ..., NN, NN indicate the target geophone station when
Between sampling point total number in seismic data in domain, gn[m] indicates the corresponding removal shot point ghosting of the target geophone station
Operator, m=1,2,3 ..., NG, NG indicate the sampling point total number in the operator of removal shot point ghosting in the time domain, sn
[l-m] indicates the seismic data of the target geophone station in the time domain.
10. a kind of device of removal shot point ghosting interference, which is characterized in that described device provides target detection in marine work area
Point seismic data in the time domain, the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area distance, the target examine
Wave point and the shot point arrive the distance on sea level and the distance at the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface respectively；Described device
It include: delay time determining module, operator determining module and seismic target earthquakes data determining module；Wherein,
The delay time determining module, for according to the distance of the target geophone station to the shot point in the marine work area,
The target geophone station and the shot point arrive respectively sea level distance and the sea level to sub-bottom reflection interface away from
From determining the delay time of the target geophone station corresponding shot point ghosting delay；
The operator determining module determines that the corresponding removal shot point of the target geophone station is empty for being based on the delay time
The operator of reflection；
The seismic target earthquakes data determining module, for determining the target detection according to the seismic data and the operator
The time-domain value of seismic data after the corresponding removal shot point ghosting interference of point.
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