CN109099856A - A kind of crown mapping measurement method and system based on azimuth and distance - Google Patents
A kind of crown mapping measurement method and system based on azimuth and distance Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2433—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring outlines by shadow casting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of crown mapping measurement method and system based on azimuth and distance.Method includes: to obtain tree crown in the subpoint on ground；Obtain trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, reverse azimuth is determined；Calculate the horizontal distance of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；Using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, using the direct north of the pole as polar axis, to be clockwise that polar coordinate system in the plane is established in polar angle direction；According to the reverse azimuth of the subpoint and horizontal distance corresponding with the subpoint, the coordinate points of all subpoints are marked on the polar coordinate system in the plane；The coordinate points are connected in a manner of end to end, obtain closed polygon, the closed polygon is crown projection diagram；The area of the crown projection diagram is determined according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.Crown mapping shape and area can quickly, accurately and efficiently be measured using method or system of the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crown mapping fields, more particularly to a kind of crown mapping measurement side based on azimuth and distance
Method and system.
Background technique
Tree crown size reflects growing space and the competitiveness of trees, and crown mapping is tree crown size, shape and area
Direct reflection, be forestry and ecology in a common counter.Scattered tree tree crown is normally approximately round or ellipse, measurement
It is relatively easy to.In forest, due to tree species, the difference of growing environment, and the competition extruding of trees is closed on, so that shape of tree-crown
Multifarious, the accurate tree crown that measures is a many and diverse time-consuming job.The measurement of crown mapping has direct span method, total station
Several but current measurement method of mensuration, laser point cloud method, high-resolution remote sensing image method is in cost, precision, operability
There are more problems with measurement efficiency etc., and generally, method at low cost is easy to operate but precision is low, method with high accuracy
It is at high cost and complicated for operation.
Direct span method: measurement crown mapping, usually one group of 3 people, 1 people station is in tree trunk position, 1 people station in tree crown edge
At projection, by steel ruler or tape measure horizontal distance, another people records and draws crown projection diagram.Angle cannot be measured simultaneously
Degree, usually relies on micro-judgment, angular error is big.Whether level obtains horizontal distance to measurement ruler by visual observation when ranging, judges
Subjectivity is big, it is difficult to guarantees as horizontal distance, it is more difficult when slope measures.It needs more people to work at the same time, does not also establish
Coordinate system is usually drawn on graph paper.Measurement is taken a lot of work with drawing, time-consuming and precision is difficult to ensure.
Total station survey method: high-precision total station is utilized, is oriented by preset two o'clock and establishes relative coordinate
System measures the three-dimensional coordinate of tree crown circumferential periphery branches and leaves, calculates crown mapping shape and area again by coordinate.Due to total station
Visual field limitation, can only once measure the coordinate put on the tree crown of survey station side, need to set up control point when measuring tree crown surrounding, and
Station is repeatedly removed to measure on each control point.Total station price is higher, and volume is larger with weight, and equipment placement takes length, no
Conducive to being used in forest environment.Measurement operation technique difficulty is big, and time-consuming, and efficiency is lower.
Laser point cloud method: being scanned forest using airborne radar or ground-based radar, obtains the point cloud number of substantial amounts
According to obtaining the shape and projection of tree crown by a cloud list wood extraction algorithm.Such method equipment price is higher, and data processing is special
Industry is very high, and complex disposal process.Since data volume is huge, it is desirable that computer hardware performance it is higher.Carry out more tree trees
When hat measurement, there are problems that tree crown boundary is connected and be not easy or cannot distinguish between.
High-resolution remote sensing image method: single plant tree crown is high-visible in high-resolution remote sensing image, based on high spatial point
Resolution remote sensing image mainly uses object-oriented extractive technique, mainly according to images such as the gray scale of pixel, texture and shapes at present
Dividing method clusters " similar grid " for the same object, to realize the extraction of single ebon hat.Satellite high-definition remote sensing
Image temporal resolution is lower, is typically only capable to that the crown mapping of status cannot be obtained using previous remote sensing image；And it takes photo by plane
Although high-resolution remote sensing image can obtain the tree crown state of status, price is prohibitively expensive, suffers from funds limitation, fits
It is lower with property.High-resolution remote sensing image method data processing complex, connected tree crown boundary cannot accurately distinguish.With regard to independent measurement
For tree crown, high-resolution remote sensing image method is a kind of measurement method at high cost, precision is low, but can carry out large-scale tree crown
Measurement, measurement efficiency with higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of crown mapping measurement method and system based on azimuth and distance, can be fast
Speed accurately and efficiently measures crown mapping shape and area.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of crown mapping measurement method based on azimuth and distance, which comprises
Tree crown is obtained in the subpoint on ground；
Obtain trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, determine that reverse azimuth, the reverse azimuth are chest
The azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line at diameter；
Calculate the horizontal distance of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, using the direct north of the pole as polar axis, clockwise for pole
Polar coordinate system in the plane is established in angular direction；
According to the reverse azimuth of the subpoint and horizontal distance corresponding with the subpoint, in the plane polar coordinates
Fasten the coordinate points for marking all subpoints；
The coordinate points are connected in a manner of end to end, obtain closed polygon, the closed polygon is tree crown
Perspective view；
The area of the crown projection diagram is determined according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
Optionally, described that reverse azimuth is obtained according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, it is specific to wrap
It includes:
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, multiple pros corresponding with the subpoint are obtained
Parallactic angle；
According to each determining reverse azimuth corresponding with pros' parallactic angle of square parallactic angle.
Optionally, described that reverse azimuth corresponding with the azimuth is determined according to each azimuth, it specifically includes:
If when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=square+180 ° of the parallactic angle；
If when square parallactic angle > 180 °, reverse azimuth=square -180 ° of the parallactic angle.
Optionally, trunk central point at the acquisition diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, specifically includes:
The trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to chest tape；
Trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of crown mapping measuring system based on azimuth and distance, the system comprises:
Subpoint obtains module, for obtaining tree crown in the subpoint on ground；
Central point obtains module, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Reverse azimuth determining module, for determining negative side according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Parallactic angle, the reverse azimuth are the azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Horizontal distance computing module, for calculate trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground it is horizontal away from
From；
Polar coordinate system establishes module, is used for using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, with the positive north of the pole
To for polar axis, to be clockwise that polar coordinate system in the plane is established in polar angle direction；
Coordinate points labeling module, for according to the reverse azimuth of the subpoint and it is corresponding with the subpoint it is horizontal away from
From marking the coordinate points of all subpoints on the polar coordinate system in the plane；
Crown projection diagram's determining module obtains being closed polygon for connecting the coordinate points in a manner of end to end
Shape, the closed polygon are crown projection diagram；
Area determining module, for determining the area of crown projection diagram according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
Optionally, the reverse azimuth determining module, specifically includes:
Square parallactic angle determination unit, for obtaining multiple according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Pros' parallactic angle corresponding with the subpoint；
Reverse azimuth determination unit, for according to each determining reverse corresponding with pros' parallactic angle of square parallactic angle
Angle.
Optionally, in the reverse azimuth determination unit, if when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=described is just
+ 180 ° of azimuth；If when square parallactic angle > 180 °, reverse azimuth=square -180 ° of the parallactic angle.
Optionally, the central point obtains module, specifically includes:
Trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground acquiring unit, for obtaining the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to chest tape；
Central point determination unit, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects: the present invention proposes a kind of base
Crown mapping measurement method in azimuth and horizontal distance is pressed using trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground center as pole, by polar axis, angle of north orientation
It is positive clockwise and establishes polar coordinate system, crown mapping point coordinate is determined by reverse azimuth and horizontal distance, solves coordinate
System establishes and two critical issues of coordinate rapid survey, can quickly, accurately and efficiently measure crown mapping shape and area.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is crown mapping measuring method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on azimuth and distance；
Fig. 2 is the positive and negative azimuth schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is polar coordinate system of embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is crown mapping of embodiment of the present invention test schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is crown mapping measuring system structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on azimuth and distance.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is crown mapping measuring method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on azimuth and distance.As shown in Figure 1,
A kind of crown mapping measurement method based on azimuth and distance, which comprises
Step 101: obtaining tree crown in the subpoint on ground；
Step 102: obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Step 103: according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, determining reverse azimuth, the negative side
Parallactic angle is the azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and Fig. 2 is that the positive and negative azimuth of the embodiment of the present invention shows
It is intended to.Angle arrow indicates azimuth direction in Fig. 2, and the reverse azimuth is that trunk central point O and tree crown are thrown at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
The angle of shadow point A line OA and magnetic north direction；
Step 104: calculating the horizontal distance of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Step 105: using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, using the direct north of the pole as polar axis, with suitable
Hour hands are that polar coordinate system in the plane is established in polar angle direction；
Step 106: according to the reverse azimuth of the subpoint and horizontal distance corresponding with the subpoint, described flat
The coordinate points of all subpoints are marked in the polar coordinate system of face；
Step 107: the coordinate points being connected in a manner of end to end, obtain closed polygon, the closure is polygon
Shape is crown projection diagram；
Step 108 determines the area of the crown projection diagram according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
Step 103, it specifically includes:
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, multiple pros corresponding with the subpoint are obtained
Parallactic angle；
Reverse azimuth corresponding with the azimuth is determined according to each azimuth.It specifically includes:
If when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=square+180 ° of the parallactic angle；
If when square parallactic angle > 180 °, reverse azimuth=square -180 ° of the parallactic angle.
Step 102, it specifically includes:
The trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to chest tape；
Trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Azimuth: it by the North of reference direction, is measured clockwise to the angle of certain straight line.When reference direction is magnetic north then
For magnetic azimuth, general measure is magnetic azimuth.
The present invention proposes a kind of crown mapping measurement method based on azimuth and horizontal distance, using trunk center as pole
Point establishes coordinate system by being positive clockwise using north orientation as polar axis, angle, determines tree crown by azimuth inverse and horizontal distance
Subpoint coordinate solves establishment of coordinate system and two critical issues of coordinate rapid survey, can quickly, accurately and efficiently survey
Measure crown mapping shape and area.
Compared with direct span method, the present invention establishes the practical coordinate system of science, by azimuth inverse solve with
It, can the multiple throwings of quick obtaining toward cannot only need a people using laser range finder measurement the trunk central point measurement direction the problem of
The accurate coordinate of shadow point, crown mapping shape is more acurrate with area, not only saves manpower, and improve efficiency.
Compared with total station survey method, the present invention utilizes laser range finder, cheap, small in size, easy to carry.It does not set
Control point does not have to carry out equipment placement, and easy to operate, measurement efficiency is high.
Compared with laser point cloud method, laser point cloud data either is obtained from aerial or ground, requires expensive set
It is standby, and data volume is big, data processing complex.The present invention is cheap, small in size, easy to carry, does not have to carry out a large amount of data
Processing, it is easy to operate.Crown mapping is directly judged on ground, is not easily distinguishable problem there is no boundary.
Compared with high-resolution remote sensing image method, the present invention directly acquires the projection coordinate of tree crown, does not need expensive shadow
As obtaining expense, data processing is simple and practical, and tree crown boundary differentiates clear, easy to operate efficient, measurement accuracy with higher,
The shape and area of status tree crown can be obtained.
Specific embodiment 1:
The first step, in forest and trees periphery to be measured carries out on-site survey, understands standing forest and canopy status.Come back observation tree
It is preced with edge shape and its positional relationship with periphery trees, obtains the corresponding floor projection point of tree crown to be measured.
Second step measures trunk away from the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground position at the 1.3m of ground, such as in slope, then in trees upward slope position with ruler
Place measurement diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground position.Marked at diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground position, with chest tape measure the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, be accurate to 0.1cm, and be calculated to
Survey the trunk radius r of trees.
Third step, the floor projection point obtained according to the first step, selecting a subpoint convenient for identification is the 1st point, note
For A point and mark.Using A point as survey station, the second step mark is aimed at laser range finder (having the function of azimuth determination)
The trunk center direction O at trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground position, measures the horizontal distance of AO and the azimuth in the direction AO.Successively measurement obtains each tree
It is preced with the square parallactic angle of horizontal distance and each subpoint and the trunk line of centres of the subpoint at the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
4th step, the square parallactic angle of each subpoint and the trunk line of centres that are obtained according to third step, according to positive reverse
The relationship at angle calculates reverse azimuth, obtains the reverse azimuth of each subpoint and the trunk line of centres to get to trunk center and respectively
(just) azimuth of subpoint line.If the reverse azimuth of AO is the square parallactic angle of OA.When calculating, such as square parallactic angle < 180 °
When, reverse azimuth=+ 180 ° of pros' parallactic angle, when square parallactic angle > 180 °, reverse azimuth=- 180 ° of pros' parallactic angle.
5th step, horizontal distance of each crown mapping point obtained according to third step at the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, in addition second step
Obtained trunk radius r obtains the horizontal distance of each crown mapping point to trunk central point O.
6th step, according to the trunk central point O that second step determines, using O point as pole, to cross the direct north of O point as pole
Axis, polar angle takes to be positive clockwise, establishes polar coordinate system in the plane.Angular type is decimal system degree, and precision is 0.1 °.Fig. 3 is
Polar coordinate system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.Arrow indicates polar angle direction in Fig. 3.
7th step, according to the polar coordinate system in the plane that the 6th step is established, the O point obtained with the 4th step to each crown mapping point
Azimuth is polar angle, and the horizontal distance of each subpoint obtained using the 5th step to trunk central point O draws each subpoint as polar diameter
Coordinate, coordinate points join end to end into the polygon of closure, obtain crown projection diagram, and the face of polygon is calculated by coordinate points
Product.
8th step, such as draw by mapping software such as AutoCAD, according to the 6th step foundation polar coordinate system in the plane,
(or Units) is set by the unit in menucommand, setting reference direction is north, i.e., azimuthal prime direction；Angle class
Type be decimal system degree, precision 0.0, angle direction be it is clockwise, i.e., calculate positive angle value clockwise.Execute picture multistage
Line (Pline) order, coordinate are inputted using polar coordinates, format are as follows: horizontal distance < polar angle.The O point obtained with the 4th step is to each tree
Be preced with subpoint azimuth be polar angle, the horizontal distance of each subpoint obtained using the 5th step to trunk central point O as polar diameter, according to
It is secondary to draw each crown mapping point, it joins end to end to obtain crown projection diagram.Crown mapping multi-section-line is chosen, checks plant characteristic, it can
Obtain crown mapping area.Fig. 4 is crown mapping of embodiment of the present invention test schematic diagram.Arrow indicates taking aim at when measurement in Fig. 4
Quasi- direction, A-J are crown mapping point, and O point is trunk central point, and r is trunk radius at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Fig. 5 is crown mapping measuring system structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on azimuth and distance.As shown in figure 5,
A kind of crown mapping measuring system based on azimuth and distance, the system comprises:
Subpoint obtains module 501, for obtaining tree crown in the subpoint on ground；
Trunk central point obtains module 502, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Reverse azimuth determining module 503, for determining anti-according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Azimuth, the reverse azimuth are the azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Horizontal distance computing module 504, for calculating the level of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Distance；
Polar coordinate system establishes module 505, is used for using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, with the due north of the pole
Direction is polar axis, to be clockwise that polar coordinate system in the plane is established in polar angle direction；
Coordinate points labeling module 506, for according to the subpoint reverse azimuth and water corresponding with the subpoint
Flat distance marks the coordinate points of all subpoints on the polar coordinate system in the plane；
It is more to obtain closure for connecting the coordinate points in a manner of end to end for crown projection diagram's determining module 507
Side shape, the closed polygon are crown projection diagram；
Area determining module 508, for determining the area of crown projection diagram according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
The reverse azimuth determining module 503, specifically includes:
Square parallactic angle determination unit, for obtaining multiple according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Pros' parallactic angle corresponding with the subpoint；
Reverse azimuth determination unit, for determining reverse azimuth corresponding with the azimuth according to each azimuth.
In the reverse azimuth determination unit, if when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=square+180 ° of the parallactic angle；If just
When azimuth > 180 °, then square -180 ° of the parallactic angle of reverse azimuth=described.
The central point obtains module 502, specifically includes:
Trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground acquiring unit, for obtaining the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to chest tape；
Central point determination unit, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of crown mapping measurement method based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Tree crown is obtained in the subpoint on ground；
Obtain trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, determine that reverse azimuth, the reverse azimuth are at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
The azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line；
Calculate the horizontal distance of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, using the direct north of the pole as polar axis, clockwise for polar angle side
To establishing polar coordinate system in the plane；
According to the reverse azimuth of the subpoint and horizontal distance corresponding with the subpoint, fastened in the plane polar coordinates
Mark the coordinate points of all subpoints；
The coordinate points are connected in a manner of end to end, obtain closed polygon, the closed polygon is crown mapping
Figure；
The area of the crown projection diagram is determined according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
2. the crown mapping measurement method according to claim 1 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that described
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, reverse azimuth is obtained, is specifically included:
According to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, multiple direct bearings corresponding with the subpoint are obtained
Angle；
According to each determining reverse azimuth corresponding with pros' parallactic angle of square parallactic angle.
3. the crown mapping measurement method according to claim 2 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that described
Reverse azimuth corresponding with the azimuth is determined according to each azimuth, is specifically included:
If when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=square+180 ° of the parallactic angle；
If when square parallactic angle > 180 °, reverse azimuth=square -180 ° of the parallactic angle.
4. the crown mapping measurement method according to claim 1 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that described to obtain
Trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is taken, is specifically included:
The trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to chest tape；
Trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is obtained according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
5. a kind of crown mapping measuring system based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that the system comprises:
Subpoint obtains module, for obtaining tree crown in the subpoint on ground；
Central point obtains module, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Reverse azimuth determining module, for determining reverse azimuth according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground,
The reverse azimuth is the azimuth of trunk central point and crown mapping point line at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Horizontal distance computing module, for calculating the horizontal distance of trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；
Polar coordinate system establishes module, for using trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground as pole, the direct north with the pole to be
Polar axis, to be clockwise that polar coordinate system in the plane is established in polar angle direction；
Coordinate points labeling module, for the reverse azimuth and horizontal distance corresponding with the subpoint according to the subpoint,
The coordinate points of all subpoints are marked on the polar coordinate system in the plane；
Crown projection diagram's determining module obtains closed polygon, institute for connecting the coordinate points in a manner of end to end
Stating closed polygon is crown projection diagram；
Area determining module, for determining the area of crown projection diagram according to the coordinate points of each subpoint.
6. the crown mapping measuring system according to claim 5 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that described anti-
Azimuth determining module, specifically includes:
Square parallactic angle determination unit, for obtaining multiple and institute according to trunk central point at each subpoint and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
State the corresponding square parallactic angle of subpoint；
Reverse azimuth determination unit, for according to each determining reverse azimuth corresponding with pros' parallactic angle of square parallactic angle.
7. the crown mapping measuring system according to claim 5 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that described
In reverse azimuth determination unit, if when square parallactic angle < 180 °, reverse azimuth=square+180 ° of the parallactic angle；If square parallactic angle
At > 180 °, then square -180 ° of the parallactic angle of reverse azimuth=described.
8. the crown mapping measurement method according to claim 1 based on azimuth and distance, which is characterized in that in described
Heart point obtains module, specifically includes:
Trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground acquiring unit, for obtaining the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to chest tape；
Central point determination unit, for obtaining trunk central point at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground according to the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
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