CN109097864B - Preparation method of porous piezoelectric damping composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of porous piezoelectric damping composite material Download PDF

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CN109097864B
CN109097864B CN201810603161.8A CN201810603161A CN109097864B CN 109097864 B CN109097864 B CN 109097864B CN 201810603161 A CN201810603161 A CN 201810603161A CN 109097864 B CN109097864 B CN 109097864B
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solution
spinning
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polymer
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CN109097864A (en
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汤玉斐
刘照伟
赵康
王尉华
张琦
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Xian University of Technology
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent

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  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous piezoelectric damping composite material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fiber, a spinnable conductive polymer A, a solvent A, a damping polymer B, a solvent B and a foaming agent B; step 2, adding the spinnable conductive polymer A into the solvent A, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymer solution, and adding piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fibers into the polymer solution to prepare a spinning solution; adding the damping polymer B into the solvent B, uniformly stirring, and then adding the foaming agent B to prepare a damping solution; step 3, putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, and adjusting spinning voltage, receiving distance, propulsion speed, spinning temperature and spinning humidity to carry out electrostatic spinning; step 4, horizontally stirring and collecting; step 5, curing and forming; and 6, carrying out polarization treatment. The method solves the problem that the composite material in the prior art can not form an effective loop.

Description

Preparation method of porous piezoelectric damping composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Background
The damping material can effectively inhibit noise pollution and can effectively reduce fatigue, distortion and other effects caused by vibration, so that the damping material is widely applied to the fields of mechanical manufacturing, ship manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, airplane manufacturing, environmental protection, noise reduction and the like. When the high polymer damping material is acted by external force, the internal intramolecular and intermolecular interaction force or friction force consumes external energy, so that the external energy is changed into heat energy to be lost, and the effect of vibration reduction and damping is achieved. However, the damping sound absorption causes frequent heating, and the disadvantage of poor aging resistance of the polymer easily causes rapid aging of the polymer and reduction of the weather resistance and heat resistance. In view of the above problems, the preparation of composite materials by blending or copolymerization methods is an effective solution.
The piezoelectric ceramic is an inorganic material capable of realizing mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electric energy, and has the advantages of low preparation cost, simple process, large specific surface area, easy doping modification and the like. The piezoelectric ceramic is added into the high polymer damping material, so that the glass transition temperature can be increased, the half-width temperature of the damping peak can be increased, the mechanical property can be improved, the mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy to be consumed, the influence of the heat energy on the damping material can be reduced, and the service life of the damping material can be prolonged. However, piezoelectric ceramics are prone to agglomeration and uneven dispersion, and in the use process, the electric energy converted from mechanical energy cannot be effectively led out for consumption, so that piezoelectric materials and conductive materials are often used simultaneously, so that the electric energy formed by piezoelectric effect is converted into heat energy in a conductive loop for consumption.
Chinese patent application No. 2008101408898, No. CN101323697B, published as 2010.09.22 describes an epoxy resin-based piezoelectric composite damping material and a preparation method thereof, wherein epoxy resin, piezoelectric ceramic powder and conductive carbon black are mixed and dispersed, curing agent is added for casting and molding, and then polarization is carried out, so that the damping performance of the damping material in a wide temperature range (10-100 ℃) is good. However, the ceramic powder is easy to agglomerate and difficult to disperse, the interface bonding between the inorganic phase and the polymer matrix is weak, the mechanical property is poor, the ceramic powder is not communicated with the conductive carbon black, an effective loop cannot be formed, and the damping property needs to be improved.
Chinese patent application No. 2009102277249, No. CN101746993B, published as 2012.11.28 describes a rubber-based piezoelectric damping composite material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises mixing micron-sized piezoelectric ceramic powder and conductive carbon black, mixing with a rubber matrix material, heating, pressurizing, curing and molding, and polarizing to obtain the piezoelectric damping composite material, wherein the damping performance of the natural rubber matrix material is remarkably improved in a wider frequency range. But the mechanical property is not obviously improved, and the piezoelectric ceramic powder and the conductive carbon black are not communicated after being mixed subsequently, so that an effective loop cannot be formed.
Chinese patent application No. 201210198864.X, No. CN102700203B, published as 2014.10.29 discloses a preparation method of a carbon fiber composite laminated plate with piezoelectric damping, wherein polarized piezoelectric ceramics and carbon nanotubes are mixed, carbon fiber prepreg is coated with premixed sizing materials, and the carbon fiber prepreg is placed in a hot press for pressurization treatment to prepare the carbon fiber composite laminated plate. The damping performance is good at normal temperature, the interlayer strength is improved, but the carbon fiber is combined with the matrix interlayer, the contact area with the mixture of the piezoelectric ceramic and the carbon nano tube is effective, and the piezoelectric conductive loop cannot be efficiently utilized.
Chinese patent application No. 201510452768.7, publication No. CN106381577A, published as 2017.02.08 discloses a carbon nanofiber-loaded barium titanate material applicable to piezoelectric conductive vibration and noise reduction, wherein titanium alkoxide, barium salt and a polymer are dissolved in an organic solvent, then the nanofiber is prepared by an electrostatic spinning method, and then the carbon nanofiber-loaded barium titanate material is obtained by pre-oxidation and carbonization. The method does not indicate how to prepare the damping material, and the prepared composite material has large loss and the mass loss is as high as 90 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a porous piezoelectric damping composite material, which solves the problem that the composite material in the prior art cannot form an effective loop, prolongs the service life of the composite material by constructing a conductive path, and improves the sound absorption and damping performance of the composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the porous piezoelectric damping composite material is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing raw materials:
preparing piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fiber, spinnable conductive polymer A, solvent A, damping polymer B, solvent B and foaming agent B;
step 2, preparing a solution:
adding a spinnable conductive polymer A into a solvent A, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymer solution, and adding piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fibers into the polymer solution to prepare a spinning solution;
adding the damping polymer B into the solvent B, uniformly stirring, and then adding the foaming agent B to prepare a damping solution;
step 3, electrostatic spinning:
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, and adjusting spinning voltage, receiving distance, propulsion speed, spinning temperature and spinning humidity to carry out electrostatic spinning;
step 4, horizontal stirring and collecting:
collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, and adjusting the mixing speed to prepare damping composite solution;
step 5, curing and forming:
injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat for a period of time at a certain temperature, and then curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
step 6, polarization treatment:
and carrying out polarization treatment on the porous damping composite material to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 1, the piezoelectric ceramic powder or the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is ZnO or BaTiO3、BiFeO3、Bi4Ti3O12、KNbO3、NaNbO3、Na0.5K0.5NbO3And one or a mixture of any several of CdS in any proportion; the spinnable conductive polymer A is a mixture consisting of conductive micromolecules and spinnable polymers in a mass ratio of 1:6-1: 2; wherein the conductive micromolecules are polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyphenylacetylene, polypyrrole, poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or polyphenylenevinylene, and the spinnable polymer is polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide or polycaprolactone; the solvent A is one or a mixture of any several of N, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane and hexafluoroisopropanol in any proportion.
The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic powder is 100-300 nm; the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is in the range of 30-120nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 3-10.
In the step 1, the damping polymer B is one of 107 prepolymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and epoxy resin, the solvent B is one of gasoline, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane, toluene and dichloroethylene, and the foaming agent B is one of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, N dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, azodicarbonamide, diphenylsulfonylhydrazide ether, p-toluenesulfonhydrazide, alum and azodiisobutylene or a mixture of any several of the above in any proportion.
The spinning solution prepared in the step 2 consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 15-30% of piezoelectric ceramic powder or fiber, 10-20% of spinnable polymer A, 50-75% of solvent A, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the prepared damping solution consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 25-40% of damping polymer B, 5-20% of foaming agent B, 40-70% of solvent B, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The electrostatic spinning parameters in the step 3 are as follows: the spinning voltage is 22 kv-30 kv, the receiving distance is 16 cm-22 cm, and the advancing speed of the spinning solution is as follows: 0.3 mL/h-0.6 mL/h, spinning temperature of 20-30 ℃ and humidity of 10-30%.
Step 4, horizontal stirring and collection, which specifically comprises the following steps: collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 20 r/min-120 r/min, and preparing the porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the electrostatic spinning fibers to the damping solution being 1:20-1: 10.
And 5, curing and forming, specifically: injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat for 3-12 h at 100-200 ℃, and curing and molding to obtain the porous damping composite material.
And 6, carrying out polarization treatment, specifically: and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material obtained in the step (5), wherein the polarizing voltage is as follows: 1.0-2.0kv/mm, polarization temperature: at 140 ℃, the polarization time is: and 15min, thus obtaining the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
The preparation method of the porous piezoelectric damping composite material has the beneficial effects that: the sound absorption performance of the damping material can be improved, the service life of the damping material is prolonged, the porous structure and the piezoelectric conductive structure are combined, and the porous structure and the piezoelectric conductive structure generate a synergistic effect. On one hand, the porous structure can improve the damping factor and improve the sound absorption performance; on the other hand, the internal damping characteristic that the mechanical energy is converted into the heat energy by the raw materials is fully utilized, and the piezoelectric material and the conductive polymer are organically combined to form a conductive path, so that the purposes of converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy and rapidly transferring and consuming the electric energy are achieved, the problem that the damping material is aged due to frequent heating and the service life is shortened is effectively solved, the noise pollution is effectively inhibited, the fatigue, the distortion and the like caused by vibration are reduced, and the damping material has a wide application prospect in the fields of mechanical manufacturing, ship manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, airplane manufacturing, environmental protection, noise reduction and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of a porous piezoelectric damping composite material, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, preparing raw materials;
preparing piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fiber, spinnable conductive polymer A, solvent A, damping polymer B, solvent B and foaming agent B;
wherein the piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fiber is ZnO or BaTiO3、BiFeO3、Bi4Ti3O12、KNbO3、NaNbO3、Na0.5K0.5NbO3And one or a mixture of any several of CdS in any proportion; the spinnable conductive polymer A is a mixture consisting of conductive micromolecules and spinnable polymers in a mass ratio of 1:6-1: 2; wherein the conductive micromolecules are polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyphenylacetylene, polypyrrole, poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or polyphenylene ethylene (PPVs), and the spinnable polymer is polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide or polycaprolactone; the solvent A is one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane and hexafluoroisopropanolThe mixture obtained in proportion;
wherein the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic powder is 100-300 nm; the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is in the range of 30-120nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 3-10.
The damping polymer B is one of 107 prepolymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and epoxy resin, the solvent B is one of gasoline, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane, toluene and dichloroethylene, and the foaming agent B is one of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, N dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine, azodicarbonamide, diphenyl sulfonyl hydrazide ether, p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide, alum and azodiisobutylene or a mixture of any several of the above in any proportion;
step 2, preparing a solution;
adding a spinnable conductive polymer A into a solvent A, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymer solution, and adding piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fibers into the polymer solution to prepare a spinning solution;
adding the damping polymer B into the solvent B, uniformly stirring, and then adding the foaming agent B to prepare a damping solution;
the prepared spinning solution comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 15-30% of piezoelectric ceramic powder or fiber, 10-20% of spinnable polymer A, 50-75% of solvent A, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the prepared damping solution consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 25-40% of damping polymer B, 5-20% of foaming agent B and 40-70% of solvent B, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 3, electrostatic spinning;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting the spinning voltage to be 22 kv-30 kv, the receiving distance to be 16 cm-22 cm, and the propulsion speed of the spinning solution to be: 0.3mL/h to 0.6mL/h, the spinning temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the humidity is 10 percent to 30 percent;
step 4, horizontally stirring and collecting;
collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 20 r/min-120 r/min, and preparing a porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the electrostatic spinning fibers to the damping solution being 1:20-1: 10;
step 5, curing and forming;
injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat for 3-12 h at 100-200 ℃, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
step 6, polarization treatment:
carrying out polarization treatment on the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarization voltage is as follows: 1.0-2.0kv/mm, polarization temperature: at 140 ℃, the polarization time is: and 15min, thus obtaining the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
The method selects the piezoelectric ceramic powder with the diameter of 100-300nm or the piezoelectric ceramic fiber with the diameter of 30-120nm and the length-diameter ratio of 3-10, controls the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic to enable a bonding interface of the piezoelectric ceramic and a conductive polymer to be effectively exposed on the surface, thereby effectively deforming under the action of external force, fully converting force into electric energy, reducing the influence of the force converted into heat energy on a damping polymer, and subsequently conducting the piezoelectric ceramic through the conductive polymer, so that the rapid transmission and consumption of the electric energy can be realized; the diameter of the composite fiber can be regulated and controlled by controlling the spinning process of the piezoelectric ceramic and the conductive polymer, so that the piezoelectric ceramic is effectively ensured to be exposed on the surface of the fiber; the rapid forming of the fiber is effectively ensured by controlling the spinning environment, the fiber can be solidified when being collected by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, and the fiber can uniformly and continuously exist in the damping solution under the stirring action, so that a conductive network loop can be completely formed; finally, when the damping solution is cured and formed, the heating temperature promotes the foaming agent to be effectively decomposed, so that a porous structure is formed in the damping composite material, the damping factor is improved, the sound absorption performance is enhanced, meanwhile, the conductive polymer fiber network structure and the damping material matrix are effectively combined through heating and curing, so that the mechanical property of the damping material is enhanced, the damping effect is better under the action of subsequent mechanical vibration or noise load, the durability is stronger, and the service life is longer.
According to the preparation method of the porous piezoelectric damping composite material, the porous structure and the piezoelectric conductive structure are combined to generate a synergistic effect. On one hand, the porous structure can improve the damping factor and improve the sound absorption performance; on the other hand, the internal damping characteristic that the mechanical energy is converted into the heat energy by the raw materials is fully utilized, and the piezoelectric material and the conductive polymer are organically combined to form a conductive path, so that the purposes of converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy and rapidly transmitting and consuming the electric energy are achieved, the problem that the damping material is aged due to frequent heating is effectively solved, the service life of the damping material is shortened, the sound absorption performance of the damping material can be improved, the service life of the damping material is prolonged, the noise pollution is effectively inhibited, the fatigue, the distortion and the like caused by vibration are reduced, and the damping material has wide application prospects in the fields of mechanical manufacturing, ship manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, airplane manufacturing.
Example 1
Firstly, adding 0.9g of polyacetylene and 5.4g of polystyrene into 19.5g of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring, adding 4.5g of piezoelectric ceramic ZnO powder with the diameter of 100nm after complete dissolution, and uniformly mixing to prepare a spinning solution;
adding 25g of damping polymer 107 prepolymer into 70g of gasoline, uniformly stirring, and then adding 5g of sodium bicarbonate foaming agent to prepare a damping solution;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting the spinning voltage to be 22kv, the receiving distance to be 16cm and the propulsion speed to be 0.3ml/h, adjusting the spinning temperature to be 20 ℃ and the spinning humidity to be 10 percent, carrying out electrostatic spinning, collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer containing the damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 120r/min, and preparing the porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the fibers to the damping solution being 1: 10; injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat at 100 ℃ for 12h, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarizing voltage is 1.0kv/mm, the polarizing temperature is 140 ℃, and the polarizing time is 15min, so as to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Example 2
Firstly, 1.5g of polyaniline and 3.0g of polyoxyethylene are added into 16.5g of chloroform solvent for stirring, and 9.0g of polyaniline with the diameter of 30nm and the length-diameter ratio of 1 are added after complete dissolution0 BaTiO piezoelectric ceramic3Uniformly mixing fibers to prepare a spinning solution;
adding 30g of damping polymer polyurethane into 65g of tetrahydrofuran, uniformly stirring, and then adding 5g of azodicarbonamide foaming agent to prepare damping solution;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting the spinning voltage to be 30kv, the receiving distance to be 22cm and the propulsion speed to be 0.5ml/h, adjusting the spinning temperature to be 25 ℃ and the spinning humidity to be 20 percent, carrying out electrostatic spinning, collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer containing the damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 60r/min, and preparing the porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the fibers to the damping solution being 1: 20; injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat at 200 ℃ for 8h, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarizing voltage is 2.0kv/mm, the polarizing temperature is 140 ℃, and the polarizing time is 15min, so as to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Example 3
Firstly, 0.8g of polypyrrole and 3.2g of methyl methacrylate are added into 22g of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide to be stirred, and after complete dissolution, 6.0g of piezoelectric ceramic BiFeO with the diameter of 120nm and the length-diameter ratio of 3 is added3Uniformly mixing the powder to prepare a spinning solution;
adding 40g of damping polymer epoxy resin into 40g of toluene, uniformly stirring, and then adding 20g of diphenyl sulfonyl hydrazide ether foaming agent to prepare a damping solution;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting the spinning voltage to be 26kv, the receiving distance to be 20cm and the propulsion speed to be 0.6ml/h, adjusting the spinning temperature to be 30 ℃ and the spinning humidity to be 10 percent, carrying out electrostatic spinning, collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer containing the damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 20r/min, and preparing the porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the fibers to the damping solution being 1: 12; injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 3h, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarizing voltage is 1.5kv/mm, the polarizing temperature is 140 ℃, and the polarizing time is 15min, so as to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Example 4
Firstly, adding 1.2g of polyphenylacetylene and 6.0g of polycaprolactone into 24.8g of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring, adding 8g of piezoelectric ceramic CdS powder with the diameter of 300nm after complete dissolution, and uniformly mixing to prepare a spinning solution;
adding 35g of damping polymer polyvinyl chloride into 55g of trichloromethane, uniformly stirring, and then adding 10g of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide foaming agent to prepare a damping solution;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting spinning voltage to be 24kv, receiving distance to be 18cm and propulsion speed to be 0.4ml/h, adjusting spinning temperature to be 20 ℃, performing electrostatic spinning with spinning humidity of 30%, collecting electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer containing damping solution, adjusting stirring speed to be 40r/min, and preparing to obtain porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the fibers to the damping solution being 1: 15; injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat at 110 ℃ for 10h, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarizing voltage is 1.0kv/mm, the polarizing temperature is 140 ℃, and the polarizing time is 15min, so as to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Example 5
Firstly, 1.6g of polypyrrole and 6.4g of polystyrene are added into 22g of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide to be stirred, and after complete dissolution, 10.0g of piezoelectric ceramic fiber KNbO with the diameter of 80nm is added3Uniformly mixing to prepare a spinning solution;
adding 30g of damping polymer epoxy resin into 60g of toluene, uniformly stirring, and then adding 10g of alum foaming agent to prepare damping solution;
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, adjusting the spinning voltage to be 22kv, the receiving distance to be 20cm and the propulsion speed to be 0.6ml/h, adjusting the spinning temperature to be 25 ℃ and the spinning humidity to be 25 percent, carrying out electrostatic spinning, collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer containing a damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 50r/min, and preparing a porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the fibers to the damping solution being 1: 10; injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat at 140 ℃ for 10h, and curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material, wherein the polarizing voltage is 1.5kv/mm, the polarizing temperature is 140 ℃, and the polarizing time is 15min, so as to obtain the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
Table 1 shows the comparison of sound absorption performance of the porous piezoelectric composite damping material, the non-pressurized electroceramic porous damping material and the non-conductive polymer porous damping material in example 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the sound absorption coefficient of the porous damping material of the unpressurized electroceramic is the smallest, and the sound absorption coefficient is mainly determined by the damping performance and the porous structure of the matrix; the sound absorption performance of the porous damping material without the conductive polymer is improved, because the piezoelectric ceramic phase in the porous damping material can effectively convert external force into electric energy, and although the electric energy cannot be transmitted and guided out, the electric energy is converted into heat energy and then is greatly lost, so the sound absorption coefficient is improved; the sound absorption coefficient of the porous piezoelectric composite damping material in the meter is the largest, because except the sound absorption effect brought by the matrix and the porous structure, the piezoelectric ceramic can effectively convert force into electric energy, and the electric energy effectively transfers loss through a network loop formed by the conductive polymer, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of heat energy on the composite damping material and enabling the sound absorption coefficient of the porous piezoelectric composite damping material to be the largest.
TABLE 1 comparison of sound absorption Properties of the porous piezoelectric composite damping material, the non-pressurized electroceramic porous damping material, and the non-conductive polymer porous damping material in example 1
Categories Coefficient of sound absorption
Example 1 porous piezoelectric composite damping Material 0.46-0.53
Non-pressurized electroceramic porous damping material 0.32-0.37
Porous damping material without conductive polymer 0.43-0.48
The invention has the advantages that: the piezoelectric ceramic is combined with the conductive polymer through electrostatic spinning to prepare the piezoelectric composite fiber, and then the piezoelectric composite fiber is added into the damping high polymer to prepare the porous composite damping high polymer with a piezoelectric-conductive path. The high polymer has the advantages that the internal damping effect of converting original mechanical energy into thermal energy is continued, the piezoelectric effect loss of converting the mechanical energy into electric energy consumption is established, and in addition, a conductive path is established to quickly transmit and consume the electric energy, so the service life of the high polymer is prolonged, and the high polymer has better sound absorption and damping performance.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the porous piezoelectric damping composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing raw materials:
preparing piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fiber, spinnable conductive polymer A, solvent A, damping polymer B, solvent B and foaming agent B;
step 2, preparing a solution:
adding a spinnable conductive polymer A into a solvent A, uniformly mixing to obtain a polymer solution, and adding piezoelectric ceramic powder or piezoelectric ceramic fibers into the polymer solution to prepare a spinning solution;
adding the damping polymer B into the solvent B, uniformly stirring, and then adding the foaming agent B to prepare a damping solution;
step 3, electrostatic spinning:
putting the spinning solution into a propulsion pump, and adjusting spinning voltage, receiving distance, propulsion speed, spinning temperature and spinning humidity to carry out electrostatic spinning;
step 4, horizontal stirring and collecting:
collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, and adjusting the mixing speed to prepare damping composite solution;
step 5, curing and forming:
injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat for a period of time at a certain temperature, and then curing and molding to obtain a porous damping composite material;
step 6, polarization treatment:
carrying out polarization treatment on the porous damping composite material to obtain a porous piezoelectric damping composite material;
the spinning solution prepared in the step 2 comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 15-30% of piezoelectric ceramic powder or fiber, 10-20% of spinnable polymer A, 50-75% of solvent A, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the prepared damping solution consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 25-40% of damping polymer B, 5-20% of foaming agent B and 40-70% of solvent B, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the electrostatic spinning parameters in the step 3 are as follows: the spinning voltage is 22 kv-30 kv, the receiving distance is 16 cm-22 cm, and the advancing speed of the spinning solution is as follows: 0.3mL/h to 0.6mL/h, the spinning temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the humidity is 10 percent to 30 percent;
in the step 1, the piezoelectric ceramic powder or the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is ZnO or BaTiO3、BiFeO3、Bi4Ti3O12、KNbO3、NaNbO3、Na0.5K0.5NbO3And one or a mixture of any several of CdS in any proportion; the spinnable conductive polymer A is a mixture consisting of conductive micromolecules and spinnable polymers in a mass ratio of 1:6-1: 2; wherein the conductive small molecule is polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyphenylacetylene, polypyrrole, and poly (3, 4)-ethylenedioxythiophene or polyphenylenevinylene, the spinnable polymer being polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, polyethylene oxide or polycaprolactone; the solvent A is one or a mixture of any several of N, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane and hexafluoroisopropanol in any proportion.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic powder is 100-300 nm; the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is in the range of 30-120nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 3-10.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the damping polymer B in step 1 is one of 107 room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and epoxy resin, the solvent B is one of gasoline, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, toluene and dichloroethylene, and the foaming agent B is one or a mixture of any of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, N dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, azodicarbonamide, diphenylsulfonylhydrazide ether, p-toluenesulfonhydrazide, alum and azobisisobutyronitrile in any proportion.
4. The preparation method of the porous piezoelectric damping composite material according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal stirring collection in the step 4 is specifically: collecting the electrostatic spinning fibers by using a horizontal mixer filled with damping solution, adjusting the mixing speed to be 20 r/min-120 r/min, and preparing the porous damping composite solution with the mass ratio of the electrostatic spinning fibers to the damping solution being 1:20-1: 10.
5. The method for preparing the porous piezoelectric damping composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 is a curing molding method, specifically comprising the following steps: injecting the prepared damping composite solution into a mold, heating and preserving heat for 3-12 h at 100-200 ℃, and curing and molding to obtain the porous damping composite material.
6. The method for preparing the porous piezoelectric damping composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 of polarization treatment specifically comprises: and (3) polarizing the porous damping composite material obtained in the step (5), wherein the polarizing voltage is as follows: 1.0-2.0kv/mm, polarization temperature: at 140 ℃, the polarization time is: and 15min, thus obtaining the porous piezoelectric damping composite material.
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