CN109094043B - Preparation method of aluminum blade loaded with oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material and used for oil recovery machine - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum blade loaded with oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material and used for oil recovery machine Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/026—Chemical pre-treatments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
- B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
- B29K2507/04—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum blade loaded with oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material and used for an oil recovery machine. The preparation method is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, the prepared aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface has the advantages of good oleophylic and hydrophobic performance, high oil recovery efficiency, high mechanical bonding strength and strong corrosion resistance, and the recovery and disposal of the floating oil on the water surface can be greatly promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum blade for an oil recovery machine loaded with an oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the demand of crude oil is increasing day by day, and ecological pollution accidents of oceans, rivers, lakes and the like caused by crude oil leakage are becoming more serious. After the accident of crude oil leakage occurs, the crude oil is firstly surrounded by the oil fence to prevent the crude oil from diffusing on the surface of the water body, so that the subsequent technologies such as mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, bioremediation, combustion treatment, adsorption treatment and the like are conveniently adopted to clean the floating oil. In the chemical treatment method, chemical agents such as a dispersing agent, an oil gelling agent, a demulsifier and the like are mainly adopted to demulsify an oil film floating on the surface of a water body, and the method causes secondary pollution to the ecological environment due to excessive addition of the chemical agents, so that the addition dosage is controlled strictly; the bioremediation technology method mainly utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms to degrade and remove crude oil, but the technology needs long time, can be used for treating crude oil pollutants drifted and deposited on the shore, and basically has no effective promotion effect on the emergency treatment of floating oil on the surface of a water body; the combustion treatment is to adopt a combustion improver to burn and remove an oil film floating on the surface of a water body, but the method is only suitable for being used in a high sea range, a large amount of toxic gaseous pollutants can be discharged in the combustion process, and combustion products have potential pollution hazards to the marine environment; the adsorption treatment is to adsorb and remove the oil film floating on the surface of the water body by adopting an oil absorption felt, an oil absorption blanket, other high polymer materials, inorganic materials and the like, but the method has the problems that the recovery and salvage of the material after oil absorption consume a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources; the mechanical treatment is to adopt mechanical devices such as an oil recovery machine and the like to clean and recover the oil film floating on the surface of the water body, and the defect of low oil recovery efficiency exists in the using process.
At present, most oil recovery sheets of the traditional oil recovery machine are prepared by using aluminum sheets, and the oil recovery sheets have the advantages of high mechanical strength, strong corrosion resistance, obvious oleophylic performance and the like in the oil recovery process, but the oil recovery sheets have the defect of poor hydrophobic performance, so that the content of water in an oil-water mixture recovered by the oil recovery machine is high, and the oil recovery efficiency of the oil recovery machine in the oil recovery process is reduced; in recent years, the high polymer material oil receiving sheet is gradually accepted by people in various fields, and has the advantages of good oil absorption performance, high mechanical strength, long service life, low cost and the like in the oil receiving process, but the oil receiving sheet also has the defect of poor hydrophobic performance, so the application of the high polymer material oil receiving sheet does not improve the oil receiving efficiency of the oil receiving machine in the oil receiving process.
In order to effectively promote the application of the oil recovery machine in the floating oil treatment, the oil recovery machine needs to be modified and technically improved, the oil recovery treatment efficiency is improved, and the engineering application efficiency is further improved.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104906828A discloses a foam metal-based floating oil collecting material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material is formed by embedding foam metal in oleophilic hydrophobic material and drying and curing, the material prepared by the technology can realize floating oil adsorption, but the thermal expansion coefficients of the foam metal and the oleophilic hydrophobic material are different, so that the bonding strength is poor and the dimensional accuracy is difficult to control in the drying and forming process.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106633112A discloses a super-oleophylic hydrophobic material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of dissolving and activating microcrystalline cellulose by carbon dioxide-based reversible ionic liquid, then modifying the cellulose in silane hydrolysate, then grinding the cellulose, dispersing the ground powder in ethanol solution to prepare dispersion liquid, and finally spraying the dispersion liquid on filter paper to prepare the super-oleophylic hydrophobic material.
The graphene nanosheet is a loose, porous and vermicular efficient adsorbing material, has the excellent characteristics of high oil absorption speed, high oil absorption multiplying power, low cost and no environmental pollution, and is particularly suitable for being used as an adsorbing material for emergency treatment of oil slick accidents; the polytetrafluoroethylene has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, sealing property, lubricating property, electrical insulating property and aging resistance, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene also has excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties; the research shows that: the graphene nanosheet-phenolic resin based active carbon composite material has strong adsorption capacity on the domestic sump oil, but the composite material needs high forming temperature, high forming pressure and long curing time in the forming process, the preparation process is complex, and the cured composite material has the defects of high hardness and high brittleness, so that the requirement of the oil recovery machine blade on the mechanical property of the material cannot be met; additional studies have shown that: the polytetrafluoroethylene-polyphenylene sulfide coating is plasticized to the surface of a 400-mesh stainless steel net at a high temperature, a micron-sized slender fiber tissue structure can be constructed, and the composite material with oleophylic and hydrophobic properties is prepared, but due to the existence of the stainless steel net pore structure, the defect that shrinkage stress and even cracking are generated in the high-temperature plasticizing and cooling process, and the forming quality is difficult to guarantee, so that the development of the preparation method of the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum blade for an oil recovery machine loaded with an oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and ensure that the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine has the advantages of excellent oleophylic and hydrophobic properties, high mechanical bonding strength, strong corrosion resistance, easy control of dimensional accuracy and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum blade loaded with oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material for an oil recovery machine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of ultrafine graphene nanosheet
① Oxidation intercalation treatment of Expandable graphite
a. Sequentially adding the crystalline flake graphite and the potassium permanganate into a beaker filled with perchloric acid, stirring for 4-5min, then placing the beaker into a magnetic stirrer for oxidation reaction, taking out the beaker, adding 350mL of deionized water into the beaker, stirring for 4-5min, filtering to collect solid, and washing the solid for multiple times by using the deionized water until the pH value of a washing solution is neutral; then freeze-drying the washed solid particles to obtain the expandable graphite after oxidation intercalation treatment;
② preparation process of superfine graphene nanosheet
Placing 3-4 g of the expandable graphite subjected to the oxidation intercalation treatment on the surface of high silica cloth, then placing the high silica cloth into a microwave oven for first microwave puffing, and repeatedly puffing twice after the first microwave puffing treatment to obtain the superfine graphene nanosheet;
(2) preparation of ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets
Adding 0.5-0.7 g of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (1) into a beaker, then adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker, and stirring for 5-10 min; sealing the opening of the beaker by using a preservative film, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain an ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets;
(3) preparation of tetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
① preparation of mixed solution for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
Sequentially adding polytetrafluoroethylene powder and polyvinylpyrrolidone powder into a beaker filled with the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (2), and stirring for 5-10 min; sealing the cup mouth with a preservative film, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
② drying treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite powder
Drying the mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
③ pressing of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheets
Putting 4-6 g of the dried polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material powder into a mold for pressing, and obtaining a polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the pressing procedure is finished;
(4) surface reduction treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheet
a. Preparing a chemical reducing solution, namely sequentially adding iron powder and a hydrochloric acid solution into a 500mL beaker, stirring to uniformly disperse the iron powder in the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the chemical reducing solution, wherein the chemical reducing solution is used at present;
b. immersing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) into a chemical reduction solution for reduction treatment;
c. after the reduction treatment is finished, taking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet out of the reduction solution, washing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with deionized water, and then drying to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the reduction treatment;
(5) preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine loaded with oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
① surface treatment of aluminum sheet
Placing an aluminum sheet with the diameter of 50 +/-0.1 mm and the thickness of 2-3 mm in a beaker filled with 200mL of a degreasing agent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, taking out the aluminum sheet after the ultrasonic treatment, washing the aluminum sheet with deionized water, then carrying out drying treatment, polishing the surface of the aluminum sheet with 80-100 meshes of abrasive paper after the aluminum sheet is dried, and finally blowing the polished surface of the aluminum sheet with compressed air;
② preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine carrying oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
a. Firstly, placing the treated aluminum sheet into an oven for preheating treatment, taking the aluminum sheet out of the oven and horizontally placing the aluminum sheet after preheating, and coating the fluororesin primer on the surface of the aluminum sheet;
b. after the fluororesin primer is coated, placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) on the fluororesin primer, then placing the fluororesin primer in an electric furnace for first heat preservation treatment, and naturally cooling the electric furnace to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished;
c. and (3) carrying out second heat preservation treatment on the aluminum sheet, finally naturally cooling the temperature in the electric furnace to room temperature, and taking the aluminum sheet out of the electric furnace to obtain the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the flake graphite to the perchloric acid to the potassium perchlorate is 2-4: 0.2-0.4: 8-10, the particle size of the flake graphite is 80-100 meshes, and the mass fraction of the perchloric acid is 72%; the time of the oxidation reaction is 1-2 h, the temperature of the water bath is 30-40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the temperature of the freeze drying is-30 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the freezing time is 5-6 h.
Preferably, in the step (1), the time of the first microwave puffing is 20-25 s, the microwave power is 900W, and the puffing multiplying power of the expandable graphite is 200-300 mL/g; the time of repeated puffing is 15-20 s, and the microwave power is 900W.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the superfine graphene nanosheets to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.5-0.7: 240; the ultrasonic treatment time is 3-4 h, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder, the polyvinylpyrrolidone powder and the ethanol mixed solution of the ultrafine graphene nanosheets is 85: 8-13: 240.5-240.7, the purity of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 98%, and the particle size is 130-200 nm; the ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is 3-4 h, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃, the drying time is 6-9 hours, the size of the mold is 150mm × 100mm × 60mm, the diameter of the cavity is 50mm, the depth of the cavity is 20mm, the pressing adopts a press, the pressure of the press is set to be 7.5-8.5 t, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15 min, and the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet is 2 +/-0.2 mm, and the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet is 50 +/-0.1 mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the iron powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 8-12: 258-303, the purity of the iron powder is 98%, the particle size is 70 μm, and the mass percentage concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 25%; the temperature of the reduction treatment is 25 ℃, and the reduction time is 4-10 min; the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, in the step (5), the degreasing agent is an alkaline degreasing agent and comprises, by mass, 1-3% of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether, 1-3% of coconut diethanolamide, 1-2% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 3-5% of sodium acetate, 1-3% of anhydrous sodium sulphate and 84-93% of water.
Preferably, in the step (5), the ultrasonic treatment time is 20-30 min, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃; the drying time is 10-15 min, and the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃; the polishing time is 5-8 min; the preheating treatment temperature is 40 ℃, the preheating time is 4-5min, and the coating thickness of the fluororesin primer is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the first heat-preserving treatment includes: heating the electric furnace to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 3-5 h at 150 ℃; the second heat preservation treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the electric furnace to 380 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 2-4 h at 380 ℃.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, a secondary heat preservation treatment mode is adopted, polytetrafluoroethylene and graphene nanosheet materials with high affinity to oil are carried on the surface of the aluminum blade with both hydrophilic and oleophilic properties, so that the aluminum blade is endowed with excellent properties of collecting oil pollutants from water bodies such as oceans, rivers, lakes and the like, the efficiency of the oil recovery machine in the application of floating oil treatment engineering is greatly improved, and the resource recovery and utilization of the oil pollutants in the water bodies such as oceans, rivers, lakes and the like are actively promoted.
2. The preparation method is simple, simple and convenient to operate and low in cost; the prepared aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface has good oleophylic and hydrophobic properties, high mechanical bonding strength and strong corrosion resistance.
3. The aluminum blade used by the oil recovery machine prepared by the invention improves the oil recovery efficiency of the oil recovery machine, and can greatly promote the application of the oil recovery machine in the treatment of floating oil and the recovery and treatment of the floating oil on the water surface.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable.
Example 1 preparation of an aluminum leaf for an oil recovery machine loaded with an oleophilic hydrophobic composite
(1) Preparation of ultrafine graphene nanosheet
① Oxidation intercalation treatment of Expandable graphite
a. Respectively sequentially adding 2g of flake graphite with the particle size of 80 meshes and 0.2g of potassium permanganate into a 500mL beaker filled with 8g of 72% perchloric acid, stirring for 4min by using a glass rod, then placing the beaker into a magnetic stirrer with a water bath heating function for oxidation reaction, wherein the water bath temperature is 30 ℃, the magnetic stirring speed is 200r/min, after the oxidation reaction is carried out for 1h, taking out the beaker, adding 350mL of deionized water into the beaker, stirring for 4min by using the glass rod, filtering the solution by using a ceramic funnel which is pre-paved with qualitative filter paper, collecting solids, and washing the collected solids for multiple times by using the deionized water until the pH of a washing solution is neutral; then putting the washed solid particles into a vacuum freeze drying oven with the power of 15KW for freeze drying, wherein the freezing temperature is-40 ℃, and the freezing time is 5 hours, so as to prepare the expandable graphite after oxidation intercalation treatment;
② preparation process of superfine graphene nanosheet
Placing 3g of the expandable graphite subjected to the oxidation intercalation treatment on the surface of high silica cloth with the size of 200 × 200 × 5mm, then placing the high silica cloth loaded with the expandable graphite into an X3-233A microwave oven for first microwave puffing, wherein the power of the microwave oven is 900W, the microwave puffing time is 20s, the puffing multiplying power of the expandable graphite is 200mL/g, and after the first microwave puffing treatment, the puffing is repeated twice, the power of the microwave oven is 900W, and the microwave puffing time is 15s, so that the superfine graphene nanosheet is prepared;
(2) preparation of ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets
Adding 0.5g of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (1) into a 500mL beaker, then adding 240g of absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker, and stirring for 5min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment time is 3h, and the water bath temperature is 30 ℃, so as to obtain an ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets;
(3) preparation of tetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
① preparation of mixed solution for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
Sequentially adding 8.5g of polytetrafluoroethylene powder with the purity of 98% and the particle size of 130nm and 0.8g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder into a beaker containing 24.05g of the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (2), and stirring for 5min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic dispersion treatment, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is 3 hours, and the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 30 ℃, so as to obtain a mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
② drying treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite powder
Taking the beaker of the mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material slice out of the ultrasonic oscillator, removing the preservative film on the beaker, placing the beaker in a drying oven with power of 600W for drying so as to remove the ethanol solvent, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 6 hours;
③ pressing of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheets
Putting 4g of the dried powder for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material into a 304 stainless steel die for pressing, wherein the size of the die is 150mm, × 100mm, × 60mm, the diameter of the die cavity is 50mm, the depth of the die cavity is 20mm, then buckling a female die and a male die of the die, starting a press with rated working pressure of 10t, setting the pressure of the press to be 7.5t, keeping the pressure for 10min, and after the pressing procedure is finished, preparing a polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with the thickness of 1.8mm and the diameter of 49.9 mm;
(4) surface reduction treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheet
a. Preparing a chemical reducing solution, namely sequentially adding 8g of 98% purity iron powder with the particle size of 70 microns and 258g of 25% hydrochloric acid solution in percentage by mass into a 500mL beaker, stirring to uniformly disperse the iron powder in the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the chemical reducing solution, wherein the chemical reducing solution is used as the original solution;
b. soaking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) and having the thickness of 1.8mm and the diameter of 49.9mm into 250mL of chemical reduction solution for reduction treatment, wherein the temperature of the reduction treatment is 25 ℃, and the reduction time is 4 min;
c. after the reduction treatment is finished, taking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet out of the reduction solution, washing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with deionized water, and then placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet into a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the reduction treatment is obtained;
(5) preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine loaded with oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
① surface treatment of aluminum sheet
Placing an aluminum sheet with the cut diameter of 49.9mm and the thickness of 2mm in a beaker filled with 200mL of a degreasing agent, then placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic degreasing treatment, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation time is 20min, the water bath temperature is 30 ℃, taking out the aluminum sheet after ultrasonic treatment, washing the aluminum sheet with deionized water, then placing the aluminum sheet in a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment at 80 ℃, wherein the drying time is 10min, polishing the surface of the aluminum sheet with 80-mesh abrasive paper after drying, the polishing time is 5min, the polished surface of the aluminum sheet is smooth and flat, and finally blowing the polished surface of the aluminum sheet with compressed air; wherein the aluminum sheet is cut on a commercial aluminum plate, the type of the commercial aluminum plate is 1060, the thickness of the commercial aluminum plate is 2mm, and the mass fraction of the aluminum is 99.6%; the degreasing agent is a commercially available alkaline degreasing agent with the model of LQ6230, and mainly comprises 1% of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether, 1% of coconut diethanolamide, 1% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 3% of sodium acetate, 1% of anhydrous sodium sulphate and 93% of water in parts by mass;
② preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine carrying oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
a. Firstly, placing the treated aluminum sheet into an oven for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 40 ℃, the preheating time is 4min, taking out the aluminum sheet from the oven after preheating, flatly placing the aluminum sheet, coating fluororesin primer on the surface of the aluminum sheet, and the coating thickness of the fluororesin primer is 1.5mm, wherein the fluororesin primer is a commercially available fluororesin primer and consists of 75% of polytetrafluoroethylene resin with the particle size of 100 microns, 5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20% of deionized water in percentage by mass;
b. after the fluororesin primer is coated, stably placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) on the fluororesin primer, lightly pressing the sheet to enable the sheet to be in full contact with and bonded with the primer, then placing the sheet in an electric furnace, raising the temperature of a hearth of the electric furnace to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 3 hours, and naturally cooling the electric furnace to 25 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished;
c. and (3) carrying out second heat preservation treatment on the aluminum sheet, raising the temperature of the hearth of the electric furnace to 380 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 380 ℃, finally, turning off a power supply to naturally cool the temperature in the electric furnace to 25 ℃, and taking out the aluminum sheet from the electric furnace to obtain the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface.
The contact angle of the aluminum blade used for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface is tested as follows: firstly, testing a water contact angle of an aluminum sheet, placing the aluminum sheet on a test bench of an HKCA-15 full-automatic video optical contact angle tester, wherein a test medium is deionized water, the sample injection amount of the deionized water is 3 mu L, and the contact angle of the water and the aluminum sheet is tested to be 130.5 degrees, which shows that the aluminum sheet has obvious hydrophobic property; then, the crude oil provided by Qinhuang island harbor service bureau is used as a test medium to test the oil contact angle of the aluminum blade, the viscosity of the crude oil is 40-50 mPa · s, the relative density is 0.85-0.90, the sample injection amount of the crude oil used in the test is 1 muL, and the contact angle of the crude oil and the aluminum blade is 49.6 degrees, which indicates that the aluminum blade has excellent oleophylic property.
Example 2 preparation of an aluminum vane for an oil recovery machine loaded with an oleophilic hydrophobic composite
(1) Preparation of ultrafine graphene nanosheet
① Oxidation intercalation treatment of Expandable graphite
a. Respectively sequentially adding 3g of flake graphite with the particle size of 90 meshes and 0.3g of potassium permanganate into a 500mL beaker filled with 9g of 72% perchloric acid, stirring for 4.5min by using a glass rod, then placing the beaker into a magnetic stirrer with a water bath heating function for oxidation reaction, wherein the water bath temperature is 35 ℃, the magnetic stirring speed is 200r/min, after the oxidation reaction is carried out for 1.5h, taking out the beaker, adding 350mL of deionized water into the beaker, stirring for 4.5min by using the glass rod, filtering the solution by using a ceramic funnel which is pre-paved with qualitative filter paper, collecting the solid, and washing the collected solid for multiple times by using the deionized water until the pH of a washing solution is neutral; then putting the washed solid particles into a vacuum freeze drying oven with the power of 15KW for freeze drying, wherein the freezing temperature is-35 ℃, and the freezing time is 5.5 hours, thus obtaining the expandable graphite after oxidation intercalation treatment;
② preparation process of superfine graphene nanosheet
Placing 3.5g of the expandable graphite subjected to oxidation intercalation treatment on the surface of high silica cloth with the size of 200 × 200 × 5mm, then placing the high silica cloth loaded with the expandable graphite in an X3-233A microwave oven for first microwave puffing, wherein the power of the microwave oven is 900W, the microwave puffing time is 23s, the puffing multiplying power of the expandable graphite is 250mL/g, and after the first microwave puffing treatment, the puffing is repeated twice, the power of the microwave oven is 900W, and the microwave puffing time is 18s, so that the superfine graphene nanosheet is prepared;
(2) preparation of ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets
Adding 0.6g of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (1) into a 500mL beaker, then adding 240g of absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker, and stirring for 8min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment time is 3.5h, and the water bath temperature is 35 ℃, so as to obtain an ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets;
(3) preparation of tetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
① preparation of mixed solution for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
Sequentially adding 8.5g of polytetrafluoroethylene powder with the purity of 98% and the particle size of 160nm and 1.0g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder into a beaker containing 24.06g of the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (2), and stirring for 8min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic dispersion treatment, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is 3.5 hours, and the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 35 ℃, so as to obtain a mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
② drying treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite powder
Taking out the beaker of the mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material slice from the ultrasonic oscillator, removing the preservative film on the beaker, placing the beaker in a drying oven with power of 600W for drying so as to remove the ethanol solvent, wherein the drying temperature is 85 ℃, and the drying time is 7.5 hours;
③ pressing of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheets
Putting 5g of the dried powder for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material into a 304 stainless steel die for pressing, wherein the size of the die is 150mm, × 100mm, × 60mm, the diameter of the die cavity is 50mm, the depth of the die cavity is 20mm, then buckling a female die and a male die of the die, starting a press with rated working pressure of 10t, setting the pressure of the press to be 8t, keeping the pressure for 13min, and after the pressing procedure is finished, preparing a polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with the thickness of 2mm and the diameter of 50 mm;
(4) surface reduction treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheet
a. Preparing a chemical reducing solution, namely sequentially adding 10g of 98% purity iron powder with the particle size of 70 microns and 280g of 25% hydrochloric acid solution in mass percentage into a 500mL beaker, stirring to uniformly disperse the iron powder in the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the chemical reducing solution, wherein the chemical reducing solution is used as the original solution;
b. soaking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) and having the thickness of 2mm and the diameter of 50mm into 250mL of chemical reduction solution for reduction treatment, wherein the temperature of the reduction treatment is 25 ℃, and the reduction time is 7 min;
c. after the reduction treatment is finished, taking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet out of the reduction solution, washing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with deionized water, and then placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet into a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 85 ℃, and the drying time is 2.5 hours, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the reduction treatment is obtained;
(5) preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine loaded with oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
① surface treatment of aluminum sheet
Placing an aluminum sheet with the cut diameter of 50mm and the thickness of 2.5mm in a beaker filled with 200mL of a degreasing agent, then placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic degreasing treatment, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation time is 25min, the water bath temperature is 35 ℃, taking out the aluminum sheet after ultrasonic treatment, washing the aluminum sheet with deionized water, then placing the aluminum sheet in a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment at the temperature of 85 ℃, wherein the drying time is 13min, polishing the surface of the aluminum sheet with 90-mesh abrasive paper after drying, wherein the polishing time is 6.5min, the surface of the aluminum sheet is smooth and flat after polishing, and finally blowing the surface of the aluminum sheet after polishing with compressed air; wherein the aluminum sheet is cut on a commercial aluminum plate, the type of the commercial aluminum plate is 1060, the thickness of the commercial aluminum plate is 2.5mm, and the mass fraction of aluminum is 99.6%; the degreasing agent is a commercially available alkaline degreasing agent with the model of LQ6230, and mainly comprises 2% of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether, 2% of coconut diethanolamide, 1.5% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 4% of sodium acetate, 2% of anhydrous sodium sulphate and 88.5% of water in percentage by mass;
② preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine carrying oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
a. Firstly, placing the treated aluminum sheet into an oven for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 40 ℃, the preheating time is 4.5min, taking out the aluminum sheet from the oven after preheating, flatly placing the aluminum sheet, coating fluororesin primer on the surface of the aluminum sheet, and the coating thickness of the fluororesin primer is 2mm, wherein the fluororesin primer is a commercially available fluororesin primer and consists of 75% of polytetrafluoroethylene resin with the particle size of 100 microns, 5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20% of deionized water in parts by mass;
b. after the fluororesin primer is coated, stably placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) on the fluororesin primer, lightly pressing the sheet to enable the sheet to be in full contact with and bonded with the primer, then placing the sheet in an electric furnace, raising the temperature of a hearth of the electric furnace to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving heat at the temperature of 150 ℃ for 4 hours, and naturally cooling the electric furnace to 25 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished;
c. and (3) carrying out second heat preservation treatment on the aluminum sheet, raising the temperature of the hearth of the electric furnace to 380 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 380 ℃, finally, turning off a power supply to naturally cool the temperature in the electric furnace to 25 ℃, and taking out the aluminum sheet from the electric furnace to obtain the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface.
The contact angle of the aluminum blade used for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface is tested as follows: firstly, testing a water contact angle of an aluminum sheet, placing the aluminum sheet on a test bench of an HKCA-15 full-automatic video optical contact angle tester, wherein a test medium is deionized water, the sample injection amount of the deionized water is 3 mu L, and the contact angle of the water and the aluminum sheet is 132.7 degrees, which shows that the aluminum sheet has obvious hydrophobic property; then, the crude oil provided by the Qinhuang island harbor service bureau is used as a test medium to test the oil contact angle of the aluminum blade, the viscosity of the crude oil is 40-50 mPa · s, the relative density is 0.85-0.90, the sample injection amount of the crude oil used in the test is 1 muL, and the measured contact angle of the crude oil and the aluminum blade is 55.4 degrees, which indicates that the aluminum blade has excellent oleophylic property.
Example 3 preparation of an aluminum leaf for an oil recovery machine loaded with an oleophilic hydrophobic composite
(1) Preparation of ultrafine graphene nanosheet
① Oxidation intercalation treatment of Expandable graphite
a. Respectively sequentially adding 4g of flake graphite with the particle size of 100 meshes and 0.4g of potassium permanganate into a 500mL beaker filled with 10g of 72% perchloric acid, stirring for 5min by using a glass rod, then placing the beaker into a magnetic stirrer with a water bath heating function for oxidation reaction, wherein the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, the magnetic stirring speed is 200r/min, after the oxidation reaction is carried out for 2h, taking out the beaker, adding 350mL of deionized water into the beaker, stirring for 5min by using the glass rod, filtering the solution by using a ceramic funnel which is pre-paved with qualitative filter paper, collecting solids, and washing the collected solids for multiple times by using the deionized water until the pH of a washing solution is neutral; then putting the washed solid particles into a vacuum freeze drying oven with the power of 15KW for freeze drying, wherein the freezing temperature is-30 ℃, and the freezing time is 6 hours, so as to prepare the expandable graphite after oxidation intercalation treatment;
② preparation process of superfine graphene nanosheet
Placing 4g of the expandable graphite subjected to the oxidation intercalation treatment on the surface of high silica cloth with the size of 200 × 200 × 5mm, then placing the high silica cloth loaded with the expandable graphite into an X3-233A microwave oven for first microwave puffing, wherein the power of the microwave oven is 900W, the microwave puffing time is 25s, the puffing multiplying power of the expandable graphite is 300mL/g, and after the first microwave puffing treatment, the puffing is repeated twice, the power of the microwave oven is 900W, and the microwave puffing time is 20s, so that the superfine graphene nanosheet is prepared;
(2) preparation of ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets
Adding 0.7g of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (1) into a 500mL beaker, then adding 240g of absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker, and stirring for 10min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and putting the beaker into an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment time is 4h, and the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, so as to obtain an ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets;
(3) preparation of tetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
① preparation of mixed solution for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
Sequentially adding 8.5g of polytetrafluoroethylene powder with the purity of 98% and the particle size of 200nm and 1.3g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder into a beaker containing 24.07g of the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (2), and stirring for 10min by using a glass rod; sealing the mouth of the beaker by using a preservative film, and placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic dispersion treatment, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is 4 hours, and the ultrasonic water bath temperature is 40 ℃, so as to obtain a mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
② drying treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite powder
Taking the beaker of the mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material slice out of the ultrasonic oscillator, removing the preservative film on the beaker, placing the beaker in a drying oven with power of 600W for drying so as to remove the ethanol solvent, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 9 hours;
③ pressing of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheets
Putting 6g of the dried powder for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material into a 304 stainless steel die for pressing, wherein the size of the die is 150mm × 100mm × 60mm, the diameter of the die cavity is 50mm, the depth of the die cavity is 20mm, then buckling a female die and a male die of the die, starting a press with rated working pressure of 10t, setting the pressure of the press to be 8.5t, keeping the pressure for 15min, and after the pressing procedure is finished, preparing a polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with the thickness of 2.2mm and the diameter of 50.1 mm;
(4) surface reduction treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheet
a. Preparing a chemical reducing solution, namely sequentially adding 12g of 98% purity iron powder with the particle size of 70 microns and 303g of 25% hydrochloric acid solution in percentage by mass into a 500mL beaker, stirring to uniformly disperse the iron powder in the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the chemical reducing solution, wherein the chemical reducing solution is used as the original solution;
b. soaking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) and having the thickness of 2.2mm and the diameter of 50.1mm into 250mL of chemical reduction solution for reduction treatment, wherein the temperature of the reduction treatment is 25 ℃, and the reduction time is 10 min;
c. after the reduction treatment is finished, taking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet out of the reduction solution, washing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with deionized water, and then placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet into a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃ and the drying time is 3h, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the reduction treatment is obtained;
(5) preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine loaded with oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
① surface treatment of aluminum sheet
Placing an aluminum sheet with the cut diameter of 50.1mm and the thickness of 3mm in a beaker filled with 200mL of a degreasing agent, then placing the beaker in an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 480W for ultrasonic degreasing treatment, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation time is 30min, the water bath temperature is 40 ℃, taking out the aluminum sheet after ultrasonic treatment, washing the aluminum sheet with deionized water, then placing the aluminum sheet in a drying oven with the power of 600W for drying treatment at 90 ℃, wherein the drying time is 15min, polishing the surface of the aluminum sheet with 100-mesh abrasive paper after drying, wherein the polishing time is 8min, the surface of the aluminum sheet is smooth and flat after polishing, and finally blowing the surface of the aluminum sheet after polishing with compressed air; wherein the aluminum sheet is cut on a commercial aluminum plate, the type of the commercial aluminum plate is 1060, the thickness of the commercial aluminum plate is 3mm, and the mass fraction of the aluminum is 99.6%; the degreasing agent is a commercially available alkaline degreasing agent with the model of LQ6230, and mainly comprises 3% of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether, 3% of coconut diethanolamide, 2% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 5% of sodium acetate, 3% of anhydrous sodium sulphate and 84% of water by mass fraction;
② preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine carrying oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
a. Firstly, placing the treated aluminum sheet into an oven for preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 40 ℃, the preheating time is 5min, taking the aluminum sheet out of the oven and horizontally placing the aluminum sheet after preheating, coating fluororesin primer on the surface of the aluminum sheet, and the coating thickness of the fluororesin primer is 2.5mm, wherein the fluororesin primer is commercially available fluororesin primer and consists of 75% of polytetrafluoroethylene resin with the particle size of 100 microns, 5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20% of deionized water in parts by mass;
b. after the fluororesin primer is coated, stably placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) on the fluororesin primer, lightly pressing the sheet to enable the sheet to be in full contact with and bonded with the primer, then placing the sheet in an electric furnace, raising the temperature of a hearth of the electric furnace to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 5 hours, and naturally cooling the electric furnace to 25 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished;
c. and (3) carrying out second heat preservation treatment on the aluminum sheet, raising the temperature of the hearth of the electric furnace to 380 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 380 ℃, finally, turning off a power supply to naturally cool the temperature in the electric furnace to 25 ℃, and taking out the aluminum sheet from the electric furnace to obtain the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface.
The contact angle of the aluminum blade used for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface is tested as follows: firstly, testing a water contact angle of an aluminum sheet, placing the aluminum blade on a test bench of an HKCA-15 full-automatic video optical contact angle tester, wherein a test medium is deionized water, the sample injection amount of the deionized water is 3 mu L, and the contact angle of the water and the aluminum blade is 137.9 degrees, which shows that the aluminum blade has obvious hydrophobic property; then, the crude oil provided by the Qinhuang island harbor service bureau is used as a test medium to test the oil contact angle of the aluminum blade, the viscosity of the crude oil is 40-50 mPa · s, the relative density is 0.85-0.90, the sample injection amount of the crude oil used in the test is 1 muL, and the measured contact angle of the crude oil and the aluminum blade is 52.8 degrees, which shows that the aluminum blade has excellent oleophylic property.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of ultrafine graphene nanosheet
① Oxidation intercalation treatment of Expandable graphite
a. Sequentially adding the crystalline flake graphite and the potassium permanganate into a beaker filled with perchloric acid, stirring for 4-5min, then placing the beaker into a magnetic stirrer for oxidation reaction, taking out the beaker, adding 350mL of deionized water into the beaker, stirring for 4-5min, filtering to collect solid, and washing the solid for multiple times by using the deionized water until the pH value of a washing solution is neutral; then freeze-drying the washed solid particles to obtain the expandable graphite after oxidation intercalation treatment;
② preparation process of superfine graphene nanosheet
Placing 3-4 g of the expandable graphite subjected to the oxidation intercalation treatment on the surface of high silica cloth, then placing the high silica cloth into a microwave oven for first microwave puffing, and repeatedly puffing twice after the first microwave puffing treatment to obtain the superfine graphene nanosheet;
(2) preparation of ethanol mixed solution of superfine graphene nanosheets
Adding 0.5-0.7 g of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (1) into a beaker, then adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the beaker, and stirring for 5-10 min; sealing the opening of the beaker by using a preservative film, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain an ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets;
(3) preparation of tetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
① preparation of mixed solution for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet
Sequentially adding polytetrafluoroethylene powder and polyvinylpyrrolidone powder into a beaker filled with the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets prepared in the step (2), and stirring for 5-10 min; sealing the cup mouth with a preservative film, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
② drying treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite powder
Drying the mixed solution for preparing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet;
③ pressing of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheets
Putting 4-6 g of the dried polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material powder into a mold for pressing, and obtaining a polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the pressing procedure is finished;
(4) surface reduction treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite sheet
a. Preparing a chemical reducing solution, namely sequentially adding iron powder and a hydrochloric acid solution into a 500mL beaker, stirring to uniformly disperse the iron powder in the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the chemical reducing solution, wherein the chemical reducing solution is used at present;
b. immersing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) into a chemical reduction solution for reduction treatment;
c. after the reduction treatment is finished, taking the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet out of the reduction solution, washing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet with deionized water, and then drying to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet after the reduction treatment;
(5) preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine loaded with oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
① surface treatment of aluminum sheet
Placing an aluminum sheet with the diameter of 50 +/-0.1 mm and the thickness of 2-3 mm in a beaker filled with 200mL of a degreasing agent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, taking out the aluminum sheet after the ultrasonic treatment, washing the aluminum sheet with deionized water, then carrying out drying treatment, polishing the surface of the aluminum sheet with 80-100 meshes of abrasive paper after the aluminum sheet is dried, and finally blowing the polished surface of the aluminum sheet with compressed air;
② preparation of aluminum blade for oil recovery machine carrying oleophylic hydrophobic composite material
a. Firstly, placing the treated aluminum sheet into an oven for preheating treatment, taking the aluminum sheet out of the oven and horizontally placing the aluminum sheet after preheating, and coating the fluororesin primer on the surface of the aluminum sheet;
b. after the fluororesin primer is coated, placing the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet prepared in the step (3) on the fluororesin primer, then placing the fluororesin primer in an electric furnace for first heat preservation treatment, and naturally cooling the electric furnace to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished;
c. and (3) carrying out second heat preservation treatment on the aluminum sheet, finally naturally cooling the temperature in the electric furnace to room temperature, and taking the aluminum sheet out of the electric furnace to obtain the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material loaded on the surface.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the flake graphite to the perchloric acid to the potassium perchlorate is 2-4: 0.2-0.4: 8-10, the particle size of the flake graphite is 80-100 meshes, and the mass fraction of the perchloric acid is 72%; the time of the oxidation reaction is 1-2 h, the temperature of the water bath is 30-40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the temperature of the freeze drying is-30 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the freezing time is 5-6 h.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the time of the first microwave puffing is 20-25 s, the microwave power is 900W, and the puffing multiplying power of the expandable graphite is 200-300 mL/g; the time of repeated puffing is 15-20 s, and the microwave power is 900W.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the superfine graphene nanosheets to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.5-0.7: 240; the ultrasonic treatment time is 3-4 h, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder to the polyvinylpyrrolidone powder to the ethanol mixed solution of the superfine graphene nanosheets is 85: 8-13: 240.5-240.7, the purity of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 98%, and the particle size is 130-200 nm; the ultrasonic dispersion treatment time is 3-4 h, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃.
6. The preparation method of the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material is characterized in that in the step (3), the drying treatment temperature is 80-90 ℃, the drying time is 6-9 h, the size of the die is 150mm × 100mm × 60mm, the diameter of the die cavity is 50mm, the depth of the die cavity is 20mm, the pressing adopts a press, the pressure of the press is set to be 7.5-8.5 t, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15 min, and the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet is 2 +/-0.2 mm, and the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene-graphene nanosheet composite material sheet is 50 +/-0.1 mm.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (4), the mass ratio of the iron powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 8-12: 258-303, the purity of the iron powder is 98%, the particle size is 70 mu m, and the mass percentage concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 25%; the temperature of the reduction treatment is 25 ℃, and the reduction time is 4-10 min; the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (5), the degreasing agent is an alkaline degreasing agent and comprises, by mass, 1-3% of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether, 1-3% of coconut diethanolamide, 1-2% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 3-5% of sodium acetate, 1-3% of anhydrous sodium sulphate and 84-93% of water.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (5), the ultrasonic treatment time is 20-30 min, and the water bath temperature is 30-40 ℃; the drying time is 10-15 min, and the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃; the polishing time is 5-8 min; the preheating treatment temperature is 40 ℃, the preheating time is 4-5min, and the coating thickness of the fluororesin primer is 1.5-2.5 mm.
10. The method for preparing the aluminum blade for the oil recovery machine loaded with the oleophylic and hydrophobic composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (5), the first heat preservation treatment comprises the following steps: heating the electric furnace to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 3-5 h at 150 ℃; the second heat preservation treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the electric furnace to 380 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 2-4 h at 380 ℃.
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