CN109088669B - Low-earth-orbit satellite communication method - Google Patents
Low-earth-orbit satellite communication method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18515—Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18584—Arrangements for data networking, i.e. for data packet routing, for congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18589—Arrangements for controlling an end to end session, i.e. for initialising, synchronising or terminating an end to end link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-orbit satellite communication method. It comprises the following steps: the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region incapable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be in direct communication with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station through the high-. The invention can ensure that the full orbit of the low-orbit satellite always keeps communication with the ground receiving station, and realize seamless coverage of the low-orbit satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a low-orbit satellite communication method.
Background
The orbit height of low earth orbit satellite is 200 ~ 2000 kilometers, and coverage is less, and direct communication time is shorter between it and the ground, is basically within 10 minutes, is difficult to guarantee full orbital ground continuous connection, consequently, an urgent need for a technique can make low earth orbit satellite and ground can keep communicating all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication method which can ensure that the full orbit of a low-orbit satellite is always in communication with a ground receiving station and realize seamless coverage of the low-orbit satellite.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a low-orbit satellite communication method, which comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region incapable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be in direct communication with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station through the high-.
In the technical scheme, the low-orbit satellite calculates the position of the low-orbit satellite according to the self ephemeris, and the position of each high-orbit satellite is calculated through each high-orbit satellite ephemeris. If the low-orbit satellite is in the orbit area capable of directly communicating with the ground receiving station, the low-cabinet satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, so that the transmission speed of data is ensured, and the path loss is small. If the low earth orbit satellite moves to an orbit region where it cannot directly communicate with the ground receiving station, communication with the ground receiving station is realized by high earth orbit satellite transit which can directly communicate with itself and with the ground receiving station.
When the high orbit satellite is used as a transfer station, the low orbit satellite transmits information data to be transmitted to the ground receiving station to the high orbit satellite, and the high orbit satellite transmits the information data to the ground receiving station; the ground receiving station transmits information data to be transmitted to the low earth orbit satellite to the high earth orbit satellite, and the high earth orbit satellite forwards the information data to the low earth orbit satellite.
The low-orbit satellite determines the position of each high-orbit satellite according to the ephemeris of each high-orbit satellite, and finds out all high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station according to the current position of the low-orbit satellite, the current position of each high-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station. And selecting one high orbit satellite from the low orbit satellites as a transfer station.
And determining an area capable of directly communicating with the ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station.
The method utilizes the characteristic of wide coverage range of the high-orbit satellite, and utilizes the transfer data transmission of the high-orbit satellite when the low-orbit satellite can not be directly communicated with the ground receiving station, so that the full orbit of the low-orbit satellite is always communicated with the ground receiving station, and the seamless coverage of the low-orbit satellite is realized.
Preferably, the method of determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the steps of:
initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
It is precisely determined which part of the area in the orbit of the low earth orbit satellite can communicate directly with the ground receiving station.
Preferably, each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends out feedback information with the number of the verification information after receiving the verification information.
Preferably, the method for the low earth orbit satellite to select a high earth orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low earth orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as the transfer station and establish communication with the high earth orbit satellite comprises the following steps: the low-orbit satellite determines the position of each high-orbit satellite according to the ephemeris of each high-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station is found out according to the current position of the low-orbit satellite, the current position of each high-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, the link length D formed by each found high-orbit satellite, the ground receiving station and the low-orbit satellite is calculated, D is D1+ D2, D1 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station, D2 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite corresponding to the shortest link length D is selected as a transfer station, and the low-orbit satellite and the high-orbit satellite establish communication.
And selecting the link with the shortest link length D, so that the data transmission delay between the low-earth satellite and the ground receiving station is as small as possible, and the path loss is reduced.
Preferably, the method for the low earth orbit satellite to select a high earth orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low earth orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as the transfer station and establish communication with the high earth orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
s1: the low-orbit satellites determine the positions of the high-orbit satellites according to ephemeris of the high-orbit satellites, find out the high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station according to the current positions of the high-orbit satellites, the current positions of the high-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station, send query requests to the high-orbit satellites, the high-orbit satellites which receive the query requests send feedback information to the low-orbit satellites, the feedback information contains the number of the low-orbit satellites which correspond to the high-orbit satellites and are currently linked for communication, and the low-orbit satellites select the high-orbit satellites with the minimum number of the linked communication low-orbit satellites as transfer stations and establish communication with the transfer stations;
s2: when the low-earth satellite detects that the high-earth satellite establishing communication with itself cannot communicate with itself or that the high-earth satellite cannot communicate with the ground reception station, step S1 is performed.
The number of the low orbit satellites linked with each high orbit satellite is balanced, the excessive number and the heavy load of the low orbit satellites accessed by the individual high orbit satellite are avoided, and the data transmission speed of the linked low orbit satellites is ensured.
Preferably, the method for low earth orbit satellite communication further comprises the following steps:
the high-orbit satellite divides the area covered by the high-orbit satellite into a plurality of sub-areas, one or more low-orbit satellites are selected from all low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite to be used as relay stations, and other low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite communicate with the high-orbit satellite through the low-orbit satellites which are used as the relay stations;
when the low-orbit satellite as the relay station leaves the corresponding sub-area, the high-orbit satellite reselects a low-orbit satellite which establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite from the sub-area as a new relay station.
The communication data of the low-orbit satellite in each subregion is forwarded through the relay station in the subregion, and the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station shares the load of the high-orbit satellite, so that the high-orbit satellite can conveniently access more low-orbit satellites.
The low-orbit satellite in each subregion sends information to the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station, the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station forwards the information to the high-orbit satellite, the information issued by the high-orbit satellite is firstly sent to the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station, and the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station forwards the information to the corresponding low-orbit satellite.
Preferably, the high-orbit satellite monitors the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in each sub-area in real time, and adjusts the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in real time, so that the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in each sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number;
the method for calculating the optimal number of low orbit satellites as relay stations in each subregion is as follows: when A is an integral multiple of N, D is A/N; when A is not an integer multiple of N, D is equal to the quotient of A divided by N and then is added with 1; d is the number of low-orbit satellites serving as relay stations in the sub-area, A is the total number of the low-orbit satellites establishing communication with the corresponding high-orbit satellites in the sub-area, and N is the number of the low-orbit satellites which can be accessed by one set relay station.
If the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in a certain sub-area is larger than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the low-orbit satellites used as the relay stations to be common low-orbit satellites, and cancel relay authority of the low-orbit satellites, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in the sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number; if the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in a certain subregion is less than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the common low-orbit satellites to be low-orbit satellites used as relay stations, so that the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in the subregion is equal to the calculated optimal number.
Preferably, an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam bidirectional data transmission load is carried on the high-orbit satellite, and a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite is established, thereby realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
Preferably, a Ka-band or X-band parabolic antenna and a communication load are mounted on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station is realized.
Preferably, a transponder for exchanging data with the high orbit satellite is arranged on the low orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the low-orbit satellite full orbit and ground receiving station are ensured to be always communicated, seamless coverage of the low-orbit satellite is realized, and the effectiveness is high. (2) The number of high orbit satellites is small, and the system is easy to upgrade and maintain. (3) Is not limited by countries and regions, and is suitable for rapid deployment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an elevated earth satellite as a relay station.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: a low-earth-orbit satellite communication method of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region incapable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be in direct communication with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station through the high-.
The method for determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the following steps:
initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
Each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends feedback information with the verification information number after receiving the verification information.
The low-orbit satellite calculates the position of the low-orbit satellite according to the self ephemeris, and the high-orbit satellite positions are calculated through the high-orbit satellite ephemeris. If the low-orbit satellite is in the orbit area capable of directly communicating with the ground receiving station, the low-cabinet satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, so that the transmission speed of data is ensured, and the path loss is small. If the low earth orbit satellite moves into an orbit region where it cannot directly communicate with the ground receiving station, as shown in fig. 2, the low earth orbit satellite communicates with the ground receiving station through a high earth orbit satellite which can directly communicate with itself and the ground receiving station.
When the low-orbit satellite initially operates, the method can accurately determine which partial area in the orbit of the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
When the high orbit satellite is used as a transfer station, the low orbit satellite transmits information data to be transmitted to the ground receiving station to the high orbit satellite, and the high orbit satellite transmits the information data to the ground receiving station; the ground receiving station transmits information data to be transmitted to the low earth orbit satellite to the high earth orbit satellite, and the high earth orbit satellite forwards the information data to the low earth orbit satellite.
The method utilizes the characteristic of wide coverage range of the high-orbit satellite, and utilizes the transfer data transmission of the high-orbit satellite when the low-orbit satellite can not be directly communicated with the ground receiving station, so that the full orbit of the low-orbit satellite is always communicated with the ground receiving station, and the seamless coverage of the low-orbit satellite is realized.
The method for selecting a high-orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station as a transfer station by the low-orbit satellite and establishing communication with the high-orbit satellite comprises the following steps: the low-orbit satellite determines the position of each high-orbit satellite according to the ephemeris of each high-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station is found out according to the current position of the low-orbit satellite, the current position of each high-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, the link length D formed by each found high-orbit satellite, the ground receiving station and the low-orbit satellite is calculated, D is D1+ D2, D1 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station, D2 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite corresponding to the shortest link length D is selected as a transfer station, and the low-orbit satellite and the high-orbit satellite establish communication.
And selecting the link with the shortest link length D, so that the data transmission delay between the low-earth satellite and the ground receiving station is as small as possible, and the path loss is reduced.
And carrying an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam (6-8 beams, the number of the beams can be expanded) bidirectional data transmission load on the high-orbit satellite, establishing a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite, and realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
A Ka frequency band or X frequency band parabolic antenna and a communication load are carried on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station is achieved.
The transponder is arranged on the low orbit satellite and exchanges data with the high orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
Example 2: the low-earth-orbit satellite communication method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region incapable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be in direct communication with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station through the high-.
The method for determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the following steps:
initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
Each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends feedback information with the verification information number after receiving the verification information.
The method for selecting a high-orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station as a transfer station by the low-orbit satellite and establishing communication with the high-orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
s1: the low-orbit satellites determine the positions of the high-orbit satellites according to ephemeris of the high-orbit satellites, find out the high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station according to the current positions of the high-orbit satellites, the current positions of the high-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station, send query requests to the high-orbit satellites, the high-orbit satellites which receive the query requests send feedback information to the low-orbit satellites, the feedback information contains the number of the low-orbit satellites which correspond to the high-orbit satellites and are currently linked for communication, and the low-orbit satellites select the high-orbit satellites with the minimum number of the linked communication low-orbit satellites as transfer stations and establish communication with the transfer stations;
s2: when the low-earth satellite detects that the high-earth satellite establishing communication with itself cannot communicate with itself or that the high-earth satellite cannot communicate with the ground reception station, step S1 is performed.
The number of the low orbit satellites linked with each high orbit satellite is balanced, the excessive number and the heavy load of the low orbit satellites accessed by the individual high orbit satellite are avoided, and the data transmission speed of the linked low orbit satellites is ensured.
And carrying an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam (6-8 beams, the number of the beams can be expanded) bidirectional data transmission load on the high-orbit satellite, establishing a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite, and realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
A Ka frequency band or X frequency band parabolic antenna and a communication load are carried on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station is achieved.
The transponder is arranged on the low orbit satellite and exchanges data with the high orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
Example 3: the low-earth-orbit satellite communication method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in an area capable of being directly communicated with a ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area capable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area incapable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station by the high-orbit satellite serving as;
the high-orbit satellite divides the area covered by the high-orbit satellite into a plurality of sub-areas, one or more low-orbit satellites are selected from all low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite to be used as relay stations, and other low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite communicate with the high-orbit satellite through the low-orbit satellites which are used as the relay stations;
when the low-orbit satellite as the relay station leaves the corresponding sub-area, the high-orbit satellite reselects a low-orbit satellite which establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite from the sub-area as a new relay station.
The method for determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the following steps:
initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
Each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends feedback information with the verification information number after receiving the verification information.
The communication data of the low-orbit satellite in each subregion is forwarded through the relay station in the subregion, and the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station shares the load of the high-orbit satellite, so that the high-orbit satellite can conveniently access more low-orbit satellites.
The low-orbit satellite in each subregion sends information to the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station, the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station forwards the information to the high-orbit satellite, the information issued by the high-orbit satellite is firstly sent to the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station, and the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station forwards the information to the corresponding low-orbit satellite.
The method for selecting a high orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as the transfer station by the low orbit satellite comprises the following steps: the low-orbit satellites determine the positions of the high-orbit satellites according to ephemeris of the high-orbit satellites, all the high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station are found out according to the current positions of the low-orbit satellites, the current positions of the high-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station, and one high-orbit satellite is selected from the low-orbit satellites to serve as a transfer station.
The high-orbit satellite monitors the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in each sub-area in real time, and adjusts the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in real time, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in each sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number;
the method for calculating the optimal number of low orbit satellites as relay stations in each subregion is as follows: when A is an integral multiple of N, D is A/N; when A is not an integer multiple of N, D is equal to the quotient of A divided by N and then is added with 1; d is the number of low-orbit satellites serving as relay stations in the sub-area, A is the total number of the low-orbit satellites establishing communication with the corresponding high-orbit satellites in the sub-area, and N is the number of the low-orbit satellites which can be accessed by one set relay station.
If the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in a certain sub-area is larger than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the low-orbit satellites used as the relay stations to be common low-orbit satellites, and cancel relay authority of the low-orbit satellites, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in the sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number; if the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in a certain subregion is less than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the common low-orbit satellites to be low-orbit satellites used as relay stations, so that the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in the subregion is equal to the calculated optimal number.
And carrying an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam (6-8 beams, the number of the beams can be expanded) bidirectional data transmission load on the high-orbit satellite, establishing a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite, and realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
A Ka frequency band or X frequency band parabolic antenna and a communication load are carried on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station is achieved.
The transponder is arranged on the low orbit satellite and exchanges data with the high orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
Example 4: the low-earth-orbit satellite communication method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in an area capable of being directly communicated with a ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area capable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area incapable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station by the high-orbit satellite serving as;
the method for selecting a high-orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station as a transfer station by the low-orbit satellite and establishing communication with the high-orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
s1: the low-orbit satellites determine the positions of the high-orbit satellites according to ephemeris of the high-orbit satellites, find out the high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station according to the current positions of the high-orbit satellites, the current positions of the high-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station, send query requests to the high-orbit satellites, the high-orbit satellites which receive the query requests send feedback information to the low-orbit satellites, the feedback information contains the number of the low-orbit satellites which correspond to the high-orbit satellites and are currently linked for communication, and the low-orbit satellites select the high-orbit satellites with the minimum number of the linked communication low-orbit satellites as transfer stations and establish communication with the transfer stations;
s2: when the low-earth satellite detects that the high-earth satellite establishing communication with itself cannot communicate with itself or that the high-earth satellite cannot communicate with the ground reception station, step S1 is performed.
The high-orbit satellite divides the area covered by the high-orbit satellite into a plurality of sub-areas, one or more low-orbit satellites are selected from all low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite to be used as relay stations, and other low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite communicate with the high-orbit satellite through the low-orbit satellites which are used as the relay stations;
when the low-orbit satellite as the relay station leaves the corresponding sub-area, the high-orbit satellite reselects a low-orbit satellite which establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite from the sub-area as a new relay station.
The high-orbit satellite monitors the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in each sub-area in real time, and adjusts the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in real time, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in each sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number;
the method for calculating the optimal number of low orbit satellites as relay stations in each subregion is as follows: when A is an integral multiple of N, D is A/N; when A is not an integer multiple of N, D is equal to the quotient of A divided by N and then is added with 1; d is the number of low-orbit satellites serving as relay stations in the sub-area, A is the total number of the low-orbit satellites establishing communication with the corresponding high-orbit satellites in the sub-area, and N is the number of the low-orbit satellites which can be accessed by one set relay station.
If the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in a certain sub-area is larger than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the low-orbit satellites used as the relay stations to be common low-orbit satellites, and cancel relay authority of the low-orbit satellites, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in the sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number; if the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in a certain subregion is less than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the common low-orbit satellites to be low-orbit satellites used as relay stations, so that the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in the subregion is equal to the calculated optimal number.
The method for determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the following steps:
initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
Each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends feedback information with the verification information number after receiving the verification information.
And carrying an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam (6-8 beams, the number of the beams can be expanded) bidirectional data transmission load on the high-orbit satellite, establishing a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite, and realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
A Ka frequency band or X frequency band parabolic antenna and a communication load are carried on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station is achieved.
The transponder is arranged on the low orbit satellite and exchanges data with the high orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
Example 5: the method for communicating the low earth orbit satellite with the ground receiving station of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the region capable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in a region incapable of being in direct communication with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be in direct communication with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station through the high-.
The method for determining the area in which the low earth orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station comprises the following steps:
m1: initially, determining a region which can be directly communicated with a ground receiving station in the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite according to the running orbit of the low-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, and marking the region as an initial direct communication region;
m2: then, the low-orbit satellite runs around the earth for a circle, when the low-orbit satellite just enters an initial direct communication area, the low-orbit satellite continuously sends verification information to a ground receiving station, the position of the low-orbit satellite when each piece of verification information is sent is recorded, the low-orbit satellite waits for receiving feedback information sent by the ground receiving station, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the first piece of received feedback information is used as the starting position of a final direct communication area, the sending position of the verification information corresponding to the last piece of received feedback information is used as the end position of the final direct communication area, and the final direct communication area is an area where the low-orbit satellite can directly communicate with the ground receiving station.
Each piece of verification information is provided with a unique number, and the ground receiving station sends feedback information with the verification information number after receiving the verification information.
The method for selecting a high-orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station as a transfer station by the low-orbit satellite and establishing communication with the high-orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
the low-orbit satellite determines the position of each high-orbit satellite according to the ephemeris of each high-orbit satellite, and finds out the high-orbit satellite which can directly communicate with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station according to the current position of the low-orbit satellite, the current position of each high-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station;
calculating the link length D formed by each searched high-orbit satellite, the ground receiving station and the low-orbit satellite, wherein D is D1+ D2, D1 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station, and D2 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite;
sending an inquiry request to each searched high orbit satellite, and sending feedback information to the low orbit satellite by the high orbit satellite receiving the inquiry request, wherein the feedback information contains the number K of the low orbit satellites which are currently linked and communicated with the corresponding high orbit satellite;
calculating the corresponding evaluation parameter of each high-orbit satellite
a. b is a predetermined weight value, DmaxFor the maximum of the link lengths, K, corresponding to all high-orbit satellitesmaxThe maximum value of the number of the linked communication low orbit satellites corresponding to all the high orbit satellites;
and selecting the high-orbit satellite corresponding to the minimum evaluation parameter P as a transfer station, and establishing communication with the high-orbit satellite.
The link length is short, the data transmission delay is as small as possible, the path loss is small, the number of low-orbit satellites in high-orbit satellite link communication is small, the processing speed of the high-orbit satellite is slower, the method combines the two factors, so that the low-orbit satellite can select the most appropriate high-orbit satellite to establish connection, and the data transmission delay between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station is reduced.
And carrying an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam (6-8 beams, the number of the beams can be expanded) bidirectional data transmission load on the high-orbit satellite, establishing a bidirectional transmission link with the low-orbit satellite, and realizing data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
A Ka frequency band or X frequency band parabolic antenna and a communication load are carried on the high-orbit satellite, and data exchange between the high-orbit satellite and a ground receiving station is achieved.
The transponder is arranged on the low orbit satellite and exchanges data with the high orbit satellite, the working frequency band is matched with the high orbit satellite, and the transponder realizes two functions, namely receiving the data of the high orbit satellite and transmitting the data to the data management unit of the low orbit satellite; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
Claims (6)
1. A method for low earth orbit satellite communications, comprising the steps of:
the low-orbit satellite judges whether the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in an area capable of being directly communicated with a ground receiving station, if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area capable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite directly communicates with the ground receiving station, and if the current position of the low-orbit satellite is located in the area incapable of being directly communicated with the ground receiving station, the low-orbit satellite selects a high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station as a transfer station, establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite, and forwards communication data between the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station by the high-orbit satellite serving as;
the high-orbit satellite divides the area covered by the high-orbit satellite into a plurality of sub-areas, one or more low-orbit satellites are selected from all low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite to be used as relay stations, and other low-orbit satellites in each sub-area which establish communication with the high-orbit satellite communicate with the high-orbit satellite through the low-orbit satellites which are used as the relay stations;
when the low-orbit satellite serving as the relay station leaves the corresponding sub-area, the high-orbit satellite reselects a low-orbit satellite which establishes communication with the high-orbit satellite from the sub-area to serve as a new relay station;
the high-orbit satellite monitors the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in each sub-area in real time, and adjusts the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in real time, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in each sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number;
the method for calculating the optimal number of low orbit satellites as relay stations in each subregion is as follows: when A is an integral multiple of N, D is A/N; when A is not an integer multiple of N, D is equal to the quotient of A divided by N and then is added with 1; d is the number of low-orbit satellites serving as relay stations in the sub-area, A is the total number of the low-orbit satellites establishing communication with the corresponding high-orbit satellite in the sub-area, and N is the number of the low-orbit satellites which can be accessed by one set relay station;
if the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in a certain sub-area is larger than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the low-orbit satellites used as the relay stations to be common low-orbit satellites, and cancel relay authority of the low-orbit satellites, so that the number of the low-orbit satellites actually used as the relay stations in the sub-area is equal to the calculated optimal number; if the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in a certain subregion is less than the calculated optimal number, the high-orbit satellites adjust part of the common low-orbit satellites to be low-orbit satellites used as relay stations, so that the number of low-orbit satellites actually used as relay stations in the subregion is equal to the calculated optimal number.
2. A method for communicating with a low earth orbit satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein said low earth orbit satellite selects a high earth orbit satellite which can communicate directly with itself and with a ground receiving station as a transfer station, and the method for establishing communication with the high earth orbit satellite comprises the steps of: the low-orbit satellite determines the position of each high-orbit satellite according to the ephemeris of each high-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station is found out according to the current position of the low-orbit satellite, the current position of each high-orbit satellite and the position of the ground receiving station, the link length D formed by each found high-orbit satellite, the ground receiving station and the low-orbit satellite is calculated, D is D1+ D2, D1 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the ground receiving station, D2 is the distance between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite corresponding to the shortest link length D is selected as a transfer station, and the low-orbit satellite and the high-orbit satellite establish communication.
3. A method for communicating with a low earth orbit satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein said low earth orbit satellite selects a high earth orbit satellite which can communicate directly with itself and with a ground receiving station as a transfer station, and the method for establishing communication with the high earth orbit satellite comprises the steps of:
s1: the low-orbit satellites determine the positions of the high-orbit satellites according to ephemeris of the high-orbit satellites, find out the high-orbit satellites which can be directly communicated with the low-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station according to the current positions of the high-orbit satellites, the current positions of the high-orbit satellites and the ground receiving station, send query requests to the high-orbit satellites, the high-orbit satellites which receive the query requests send feedback information to the low-orbit satellites, the feedback information contains the number of the low-orbit satellites which correspond to the high-orbit satellites and are currently linked for communication, and the low-orbit satellites select the high-orbit satellites with the minimum number of the linked communication low-orbit satellites as transfer stations and establish communication with the transfer stations;
s2: when the low-earth satellite detects that the high-earth satellite establishing communication with itself cannot communicate with itself or that the high-earth satellite cannot communicate with the ground reception station, step S1 is performed.
4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein an S-band, X-band or Ka-band multi-beam bidirectional data transmission load is carried on the high-earth orbit satellite, and a bidirectional transmission link is established with the low-earth orbit satellite, so as to exchange data between the high-earth orbit satellite and the low-earth orbit satellite.
5. A low earth orbit satellite communication method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a Ka band or X band parabolic antenna and a communication load are mounted on the high earth orbit satellite, so as to realize data exchange between the high earth orbit satellite and a ground receiving station.
6. A low earth orbit satellite communication method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a transponder for exchanging data with the high earth orbit satellite is installed on the low earth orbit satellite, the operating frequency band is matched with the high earth orbit satellite, the transponder performs two functions, one is the reception of the high earth orbit satellite data and transmits the data to the low earth orbit satellite data management unit; and secondly, the service data or the measurement and control data of the low-orbit satellite are formatted and then sent to the high-orbit satellite.
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| CN111049564A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-04-21 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | Satellite communication method |
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| CN110365364B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-05-18 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Radio frequency channel device and satellite transponder comprising same |
| CN113872674B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-09-01 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Cooperative communication and switching method and system in low-orbit broadband satellite system |
| CN113890595B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-06-28 | 广州爱浦路网络技术有限公司 | Spectrum-based satellite control method, computer device and storage medium |
| CN114666865A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-24 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Communication method, device and equipment of low-earth-orbit satellite and readable storage medium |
| CN115842580B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-09-06 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Construction method of world-wide integrated Internet of things based on low-orbit satellite |
| CN116896408B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-15 | 国家国防科技工业局重大专项工程中心 | Method for carrying out LEO relay data return by utilizing GEO service beam |
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