CN109088339A - A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet - Google Patents

A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109088339A
CN109088339A CN201810914542.8A CN201810914542A CN109088339A CN 109088339 A CN109088339 A CN 109088339A CN 201810914542 A CN201810914542 A CN 201810914542A CN 109088339 A CN109088339 A CN 109088339A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
cooling device
tension switch
pressure
switch cabinet
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201810914542.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高小伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WUHU JIUDING ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
WUHU JIUDING ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WUHU JIUDING ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical WUHU JIUDING ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810914542.8A priority Critical patent/CN109088339A/en
Publication of CN109088339A publication Critical patent/CN109088339A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02BBOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/56Cooling; Ventilation
    • H02B1/565Cooling; Ventilation for cabinets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02BBOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/26Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/30Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/306Accessories, e.g. windows

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Patch Boards (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet, including bottom plate and the shell being fixedly mounted on the bottom plate, the shell is cavity structure, the two sides of the shell are respectively fixed with the first side plate and the second side plate, pressure release cabinet and two-way cooling device are fixed on the bottom plate, simultaneously, the pressure release cabinet and the two-way cooling device are respectively positioned in the cavity of the shell, piston pressure relief device is provided in the pressure release cabinet, pressure release is carried out by piston pressure relief device, the decompression cover avoided is rushed out, cause security risk, cooled down and accelerated his discharge to the gas being discharged in cabinet by two-way cooling device, simultaneously to cooling down in cabinet, guarantee the good working environment in switchgear.

Description

A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-tension switch cabinet field more particularly to a kind of pressure release cooling device, specially a kind of high-voltage switch gears The releasing pressure automatically cooling device of cabinet.
Background technique
High-tension switch cabinet refers to for playing on-off, control in electric system power generation, transmission of electricity, distribution, electric energy conversion and consumption Or the effects of protection, switchgear has the function of aerial inlet-outlet line, cable incoming-outgoing wire, bus contact etc..Be primarily adapted for use in power plant, The various different places such as substation, petrochemical industry, metallurgical steel rolling, industry light industry textile industry, industrial enterprise and residential quarters, skyscraper.
In the process of running, (such as short circuit, insulation ag(e)ing, human operational error) makes high-tension switch cabinet because of various reasons Occur at primary circuit short trouble, under tens of thousands of amperes of short circuit current, moment generates high temperature and high pressure gas, if high temperature and pressure Gas cannot effectively discharge in a very short period of time in narrow cabinet body, will cause switchgear and burst, the damage of adjacent switch cabinet, Life safety may be injured simultaneously.Therefore, effective pressure-relief measure must be taken into consideration when switchgear designs.
The existing common pressure relief device of high-tension switch cabinet is mainly made of pressure release metal plate and nylon bolt, works as switchgear Interior high temperature air pressure gradually rises, and pressure release metal plate is automatically opened after melting nylon bolt, to accomplish that vented gasses release stress.
After melting nylon bolt, the high pressure gas in cabinet easily goes out pressure release metal plate, is easy to hurt staff, Security risk is caused, while the lower pressure relief device can not cool down to the gas of temperature and discharge in cabinet, not can guarantee out The equipment closed in cabinet is in suitable operating temperature, meanwhile, the staff that may burn is discharged in the gas of high temperature, and influences The working environment of operator.
In the Chinese patent application No. is CN201721703109.7, proposes to carry out pressure release using piston apparatus, work as work Plug sounds an alarm when touching sensor, prompts staff to open manual bolt manually and carries out pressure release to gas in cabinet body, works as nothing When staff is on the scene, pressure, which reaches spheric granules after certain value and is ejected, reaches emergency decompression.In the technical method, when no work Make that personnel are on the scene to be, air pressure, which will reach certain value, just can be carried out releasing pressure automatically, may be to switch during air pressure is raised Device in cabinet causes to damage, if after air pressure increases to certain value, staff just has found and carries out manual pressure release, it is likely that by It is excessive in air pressure in device and staff is damaged in pressure release.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of coolings of the releasing pressure automatically of high-tension switch cabinet to fill It sets, including bottom plate and the shell being fixedly mounted on the bottom plate, the shell is cavity structure, and the two sides of the shell are distinguished It is fixed with the first side plate and the second side plate, pressure release cabinet and two-way cooling device are fixed on the bottom plate, meanwhile, the pressure release cabinet It is respectively positioned in the cavity of the shell with the two-way cooling device.
Preferably, multiple pressure release windows are respectively equipped on first side plate and second side plate.
Preferably, the pressure release cabinet includes cabinet body, pressure-releasing chamber and is mounted on the intracorporal pressure release component of the cabinet, the cabinet body Surface is equipped with multiple relief holes.
Preferably, the pressure release component includes loose slot, piston and the touching for being fixedly mounted on the loose slot inner tip The bottom plate is run through in one end of bump sensor, the piston, and the piston can move up and down in the loose slot.
Preferably, the two-way cooling device include mounting base and the first radiating subassembly for being embedded in the mounting base and Second radiating subassembly, the mounting base are embedded in the bottom plate.
Preferably, first radiating subassembly includes the first radiator fan and is fixedly mounted on first radiator fan bottom The first refrigeration grid in portion, first radiator fan is to be arranged to up-draught;Second radiating subassembly includes the second radiation air The second refrigeration grid at the top of second radiator fan are fanned and are fixedly mounted on, second radiator fan is that blowing is set downwards It sets.
Preferably, the bottom end of the bottom plate is fixedly installed with temperature sensor and detector of calming the anger, the top of the shell End is fixedly installed with high pressure alarm, and the side of the shell is fixedly installed with air gauge.
Preferably, the releasing pressure automatically cooling device of the high-tension switch cabinet is installed on the cable vault of high-tension switch cabinet, bus Room and handcart room top.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that the configuration of the present invention is simple, easy to use, by temperature sense Device and temperature, barometric information in air pressure detector test switchgear, and pressure index is shown on air gauge, when in switchgear Temperature when being more than predetermined value, the second radiating subassembly is sent into cold air into switchgear, to cooling down in switchgear, guarantees switch The working environment of each operating room in cabinet;When high temperature air pressure increases in switchgear, air pressure pushes piston in loose slot to moving up Dynamic, gas is discharged in shell from the relief hole on pressure release cabinet surface by pressure-releasing chamber, and the first radiating subassembly is intracorporal to shell at this time Gas cools down, and gas is accelerated to be discharged from pressure release window, thus achieve the purpose that cool down to high-voltage board quick pressure releasing, and And avoid the case where pressure relief plate is hurted sb.'s feelings;Air pressure in high-tension switch cabinet sharply increases, when making piston top to touch sensor, Alarm makes a sound alarm, and staff is reminded to avoid far from switchgear after operate again to switchgear after the completion of pressure release Security risk.
It is to be understood that above-mentioned general description and following specific embodiments are merely illustrative and illustrative, not The range of the invention to be advocated can be limited.
Detailed description of the invention
Following attached drawing is part of specification of the invention, depicts example embodiments of the present invention, appended attached Figure is used to illustrate the principle of the present invention together with the description of specification.
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of internal structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is pressure release cabinet side sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the two-way cooling device structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is bottom plate bottom end of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is schematic view of the mounting position of the present invention.
Description of symbols:
1- bottom plate;2- shell;The first side plate of 21-;The second side plate of 22-;3- pressure release cabinet;31- cabinet body;32- pressure release component;321- is living Plug;322- pressure-releasing chamber;323- touch sensor;324- loose slot;33- relief hole;4- cooling device;41- mounting base;42- One radiating subassembly;The second radiating subassembly of 43-;The first radiator fan of 421-;The refrigeration grid of 422- first;The second radiator fan of 431-; The refrigeration grid of 432- second;5- temperature inductor;6- air pressure detector;7- alarm;8- air gauge;A- high-tension switch cabinet it is automatic Pressure release cooling device;The cable vault B1-;B2- bus-bar room;B3- handcart room.
Specific embodiment
The existing various exemplary embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, the detailed description are not considered as to limit of the invention System, and it is understood as the more detailed description to certain aspects of the invention, characteristic and embodiment.
Without departing substantially from the scope or spirit of the invention, the specific embodiment of description of the invention can be done more Kind improvements and changes, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Other realities obtained by specification of the invention Applying mode for technical personnel is apparent obtain.Present specification and embodiment are merely exemplary.
Embodiment please refers to attached drawing 1-6, a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet, including bottom plate 1 and fixes The shell 2 being mounted on the bottom plate 1, the shell 2 are cavity structure, which is characterized in that the two sides of the shell 2 are solid respectively Surely there are the first side plate 21 and the second side plate 22, pressure release cabinet 3 and two-way cooling device 4 are fixed on the bottom plate 1, meanwhile, it is described Pressure release cabinet 3 and the two-way cooling device 4 are respectively positioned in the cavity of the shell 2.
It please focus on reference attached drawing 1, be respectively equipped with multiple pressure release windows on first side plate 21 and second side plate 22 23。
It in the present embodiment, has the beneficial effect that, high pressure gas is discharged, improve pressure release efficiency.
Please be emphatically referring to attached drawing 2-3, the pressure release cabinet 3 includes cabinet body 31, pressure-releasing chamber 33 and is mounted in the cabinet body 31 Pressure release component 32,31 surface of cabinet body be equipped with multiple relief holes 33.
The pressure release component 32 is including loose slot 324, piston 321 and is fixedly mounted on 324 inner tip of loose slot Touch sensor 323, one end of the piston 321 runs through the bottom plate 1, and the piston 321 can be in the loose slot 324 It moves up and down.
It in the present embodiment, has the beneficial effect that, by 321 pressure release of piston, the decompression cover avoided, which is rushed out, causes security risk.
Please be emphatically referring to attached drawing 4-5, the two-way cooling device 4 includes mounting base 41 and is embedded in the mounting base 41 The first radiating subassembly 42 and the second radiating subassembly 43, the mounting base 41 is embedded in the bottom plate 1.
First radiating subassembly 42 includes the first radiator fan 421 and is fixedly mounted on first radiator fan 421 First refrigeration grid 422 of bottom, first radiator fan 421 is to be arranged to up-draught;Second radiating subassembly 43 includes Second radiator fan 431 and the second refrigeration grid 432 for being fixedly mounted on 431 top of the second radiator fan, described second dissipates Hot-air fan 431 is blowing setting downwards.
It in the present embodiment, has the beneficial effect that, cools down in switchgear and in shell 2, and accelerate the discharge of gas.
Please be emphatically referring to attached drawing 5, the bottom end of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed with temperature sensor 5 and detector 6 of calming the anger, The top of the shell 2 is fixedly installed with high pressure alarm 7, and the side of the shell 2 is fixedly installed with air gauge 8.
It in the present embodiment, has the beneficial effect that, the atmospheric pressure value in display switch cabinet, and carries out alarm for high voltage.
Please be emphatically referring to attached drawing 6, the releasing pressure automatically cooling device A of the high-tension switch cabinet is installed on the electricity of high-tension switch cabinet Cable room B1, bus-bar room B2 and the top handcart room B3.
It in the present embodiment, has the beneficial effect that, pressure release is carried out to three operating rooms in high-tension switch cabinet respectively, improve pressure release Efficiency reduces security risk.
When carrying out pressure discharge operations using the present apparatus, the temperature conditions in high-tension switch cabinet is incuded by temperature inductor 5, when When temperature is more than preset value, the second refrigeration grid 432 in the second radiating subassembly 43 start to freeze, while the second radiator fan 431 Blowing downwards reduces the temperature in switchgear, is the second radiating subassembly when temperature inductor 5 senses that temperature reaches normal value It stops working;Barometric information in high-tension switch cabinet is detected by air pressure detector 6, and numerical value is shown on air gauge 8, when opening When closing the air pressure raising in cabinet, push piston 321 along 324 inner wall upward sliding of loose slot, at this point, gas passes through pressure-releasing chamber 322 Enter in shell 2 through the relief hole 33 on pressure release cabinet 3, the first refrigeration grid 422 in the first radiating subassembly 42 start to freeze, simultaneously First radiator fan 421 is to up-draught, to cool down to the gas in shell 2, and accelerates gas from 21 He of the first side plate Pressure release window 23 on second side plate 22 is discharged;It is to push and live when the air pressure of high-tension switch cabinet sharply rises to certain altitude 321 sliding 324 inner tip of loose slot of plug, contacts touch sensor 323, alarm 7 is made to make a sound alarm, remind work people Member is far from switchgear, after operate again to switchgear after the completion of pressure release.
The foregoing is merely the schematical specific embodiments of the present invention, before not departing from conceptions and principles of the invention It puts, the equivalent changes and modifications that any those skilled in the art is made should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet including bottom plate (1) and is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate (1) Shell (2), the shell (2) are cavity structure, which is characterized in that the two sides of the shell (2) are respectively fixed with the first side plate (21) and the second side plate (22) it, is fixed with pressure release cabinet (3) and two-way cooling device (4) on the bottom plate (1), meanwhile, it is described to let out Pressure cabinet (3) and the two-way cooling device (4) are respectively positioned in the cavity of the shell (2).
2. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first Multiple pressure release windows (23) are respectively equipped on side plate (21) and second side plate (22).
3. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure release Cabinet (3) includes cabinet body (31), pressure-releasing chamber (33) and the pressure release component (32) being mounted in the cabinet body (31), the cabinet body (31) Surface is equipped with multiple relief holes (33).
4. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the pressure release Component (32) includes loose slot (324), piston (321) and the touching biography for being fixedly mounted on the loose slot (324) inner tip The bottom plate (1) is run through in one end of sensor (323), the piston (321), and the piston (321) can be in the loose slot (324) Inside move up and down.
5. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described two-way Cooling device (4) includes mounting base (41) and the first radiating subassembly (42) being embedded on the mounting base (41) and the second heat dissipation Component (43), the mounting base (41) are embedded in the bottom plate (1).
6. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described first Radiating subassembly (42) includes the first radiator fan (421) and is fixedly mounted on the first of the first radiator fan (421) bottom Freeze grid (422), first radiator fan (421) is to be arranged to up-draught;Second radiating subassembly (43) includes second Radiator fan (431) and the second refrigeration grid (432) being fixedly mounted at the top of second radiator fan (431), described second Radiator fan (431) is blowing setting downwards.
7. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bottom plate (1) bottom end is fixedly installed with temperature sensor (5) and calms the anger detector (6), and the top of the shell (2) is fixedly installed with The side of high pressure alarm (7), the shell (2) is fixedly installed with air gauge (8).
8. a kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high pressure The releasing pressure automatically cooling device (A) of switchgear is installed on cable vault (B1), bus-bar room (B2) and the handcart room of high-tension switch cabinet (B3) top.
CN201810914542.8A 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet Pending CN109088339A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810914542.8A CN109088339A (en) 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810914542.8A CN109088339A (en) 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109088339A true CN109088339A (en) 2018-12-25

Family

ID=64834397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201810914542.8A Pending CN109088339A (en) 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109088339A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112467536A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-03-09 河北卓越电气有限责任公司 Shockproof heavy current switch cabinet with heat dissipation and pressure relief device
CN117080915A (en) * 2023-10-13 2023-11-17 江苏德纪特电气有限公司 Cubical switchboard pressure relief device and cubical switchboard

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100866282B1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2008-10-31 신동아전기감리(주) A distributing board having the function for removing inner pressure
CN104703440A (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-10 龚晨 Electronic refrigeration type equipment cabinet with intelligent temperature control function
CN204835349U (en) * 2015-07-16 2015-12-02 上海华星电器有限公司 Cubical switchboard pressure releasing pathway's pressure release structure
CN207098375U (en) * 2017-06-23 2018-03-13 国网河南鄢陵县供电公司 A kind of self-restoring decompression device that radiates of switch cubicle
CN207249591U (en) * 2017-08-12 2018-04-17 马雨润 A kind of portable notebook computer heat sink
CN207409861U (en) * 2017-09-03 2018-05-25 青岛丰泰配电工程有限公司 A kind of construction site distribution box of good heat dissipation effect
CN108110643A (en) * 2018-02-06 2018-06-01 苏州金蚂蚁精密钣金有限公司 Explosion-proof positive pressure power distribution cabinet
CN207530424U (en) * 2017-12-10 2018-06-22 人民电器集团上海有限公司 A kind of pressure relief apparatus of high voltage switch cabinet

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100866282B1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2008-10-31 신동아전기감리(주) A distributing board having the function for removing inner pressure
CN104703440A (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-10 龚晨 Electronic refrigeration type equipment cabinet with intelligent temperature control function
CN204835349U (en) * 2015-07-16 2015-12-02 上海华星电器有限公司 Cubical switchboard pressure releasing pathway's pressure release structure
CN207098375U (en) * 2017-06-23 2018-03-13 国网河南鄢陵县供电公司 A kind of self-restoring decompression device that radiates of switch cubicle
CN207249591U (en) * 2017-08-12 2018-04-17 马雨润 A kind of portable notebook computer heat sink
CN207409861U (en) * 2017-09-03 2018-05-25 青岛丰泰配电工程有限公司 A kind of construction site distribution box of good heat dissipation effect
CN207530424U (en) * 2017-12-10 2018-06-22 人民电器集团上海有限公司 A kind of pressure relief apparatus of high voltage switch cabinet
CN108110643A (en) * 2018-02-06 2018-06-01 苏州金蚂蚁精密钣金有限公司 Explosion-proof positive pressure power distribution cabinet

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112467536A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-03-09 河北卓越电气有限责任公司 Shockproof heavy current switch cabinet with heat dissipation and pressure relief device
CN117080915A (en) * 2023-10-13 2023-11-17 江苏德纪特电气有限公司 Cubical switchboard pressure relief device and cubical switchboard
CN117080915B (en) * 2023-10-13 2023-12-22 江苏德纪特电气有限公司 Cubical switchboard pressure relief device and cubical switchboard

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN214124571U (en) High tension switchgear monitoring devices
CN109088339A (en) A kind of releasing pressure automatically cooling device of high-tension switch cabinet
CN205753084U (en) A kind of conduction of heat cooling type distribution box
CN104505241A (en) Anti-theft fire-extinguishing transformer device
CN207250991U (en) A kind of high-tension switch cabinet with dehumidification function
CN207797286U (en) A kind of computer room temperature control system
CN213212875U (en) Passive ventilation and heat dissipation structure of control cabinet
CN207381773U (en) The electric power cabinet of installation can be stablized
CN105140807A (en) All-dimensional heat dissipation and lighting switch cabinet
CN218735442U (en) Explosion-proof structure of test platform for electrical performance test
CN215769988U (en) Fill electric pile fire monitoring and extinguishing device
CN206789896U (en) A kind of combined intelligent low-voltage distribution cabinet
CN216215311U (en) High-voltage power distribution cabinet with alarm device
CN218685843U (en) Electric power cabinet with dust fire extinguishing structure
CN214958227U (en) Heat-insulation switch cabinet device
CN215071244U (en) Draw-out type switch cabinet convenient to overhaul
CN216530095U (en) Low-voltage switchgear with real-time monitoring function
CN216624901U (en) Micro-grid variable-current energy storage device
CN208690830U (en) A kind of low voltage drawing-out switching carbinet
CN219627159U (en) Distribution box cabinet convenient to overhaul
CN217703369U (en) Fire-fighting equipment maintains maintenance equipment convenient to carry
CN216133170U (en) Service life detection device for circuit breaker
CN215645494U (en) Fireproof protection device for electric power construction
CN214379466U (en) Novel cubical switchboard intelligence is controlled device
CN220989492U (en) High temperature alarm fire extinguishing device based on temperature detection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20181225

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication