CN109085198B - Experimental measurement device for measuring convection heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil and use method - Google Patents

Experimental measurement device for measuring convection heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil and use method Download PDF

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CN109085198B
CN109085198B CN201810842497.XA CN201810842497A CN109085198B CN 109085198 B CN109085198 B CN 109085198B CN 201810842497 A CN201810842497 A CN 201810842497A CN 109085198 B CN109085198 B CN 109085198B
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transformer oil
temperature
copper tube
heating rod
heat transfer
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CN109085198A (en
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赵振刚
谷长健
李川
李英娜
张家洪
万小容
杨秀梅
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity

Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental measurement device for measuring the convection heat exchange coefficient of transformer oil and a use method thereof, belonging to the field of analysis and measurement control. The invention comprises a copper tube, a fastening bolt, a plastic plate, a heating rod, a heat-resistant plate, a thermocouple, heat-conducting paste, transformer oil, insulating paper and a temperature acquisition system; the copper tube wrapped with two layers of insulating paper simulates a winding of an oil-immersed transformer; the heating rod coated with the heat conducting paste is sleeved with a red copper tube, the positive and negative electrodes of two end leads leading out the heating rod are connected with a direct current voltage source of a temperature acquisition system, plastic plates are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heating rod sleeved with the red copper tube, the two plastic plates are connected through fastening bolts, a thermocouple is respectively arranged on the left and the right sides of the surface close to the red copper tube, the surface of the red copper tube is wrapped by two layers of insulating paper, and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the two sides of the red copper tube. The invention realizes the experimental measurement of the convection heat exchange coefficient of the transformer oil in the oil-immersed transformer under different given powers.

Description

Experimental measurement device for measuring convection heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil and use method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental measurement device for measuring a convection heat exchange coefficient of transformer oil and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of analysis and measurement control.
Background
The hot spot temperature of an oil-immersed transformer is a key factor influencing the load of the transformer. At present, two methods for monitoring the hot spot temperature of the oil-immersed transformer are mainly used, one method is to directly place an optical fiber temperature sensor into a predicted hot spot temperature point of a transformer winding, but the predicted temperature point may not be the true hot spot temperature of the transformer, and a direct error exists. The other method is to indirectly obtain the hot spot temperature through numerical calculation and a hot circuit model method, and the hot circuit model method has low complexity, simple calculation and high accuracy and is often adopted in practice. In the prior art, a lumped parameter model is mostly adopted in a thermal circuit model in literature design, the internal environment of a real oil-immersed transformer is complex, and the accuracy of calculated hot spot temperature is not high, so that a solution of a distributed parameter thermal circuit model is provided based on the defects, and experiments prove that the solution is efficient and feasible. When a thermal circuit model is established according to the internal thermal distribution of the transformer, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the winding and the transformer oil is a key parameter. The convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil and each cake winding is obtained according to an empirical formula in the past literature, and the numerical value of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil and each cake winding at different temperatures is not considered. Therefore, the accurate measurement of the convective heat transfer coefficients at different temperatures has great significance for accurately obtaining the thermal resistance information and further optimizing the distributed thermal circuit model.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above mentioned defects, the invention provides an experimental measurement device for measuring the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil and a use method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an experimental measurement device for measuring the convection heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil comprises a copper tube 1, a fastening bolt 3, a plastic plate 5, a heating rod 6, a heat-resistant plate 7, a thermocouple 9, a heat-conducting paste 13, transformer oil 14, insulating paper 15 and a temperature acquisition system;
simulating a winding of the oil-immersed transformer by using a copper tube 1 wrapped with two layers of insulating paper 15;
the surface of the heating rod 6 is uniformly coated with heat conducting paste 13, the heating rod 6 coated with the heat conducting paste 13 is sleeved with a copper tube 1, the heating rod 6 sleeved with the copper tube 1 is arranged in a closed stainless steel barrel, the positive and negative poles of two end leads leading out the heating rod 6 are connected with a direct current voltage source 11 of a temperature acquisition system, the upper and lower ends of the heating rod 6 sleeved with the copper tube 1 are respectively provided with a plastic plate 5, two plastic plates 5 are used for building a fixing frame for fixing the heating rod 6 to be positioned at the center of the stainless steel barrel, the upper and lower plastic plates 5 are connected through a fastening bolt 3, a thermocouple 9 is respectively arranged on the left and right sides close to the surface of the copper tube 1, two layers of insulating paper 15 are used for wrapping the surface of the copper tube 1, a plurality of thermocouples 9 are arranged on the left and right sides of the copper tube 1 at intervals, the upper end of each thermocouple passes through the plastic plate 5 arranged on the upper surface and is sealed and fixed on the plastic plate 5 by a sealant, the temperature data of the thermocouple 9 is measured by a temperature polling instrument 11 of a temperature acquisition system, and the top and the bottom of the stainless steel barrel are sealed by heat-resistant plates 7.
The plastic plate 5 is an epoxy resin glass fiber plastic plate.
4 thermocouples 9 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the copper tube 1, and the distance between every two thermocouples is 4 mm.
The temperature acquisition system comprises a PC (personal computer) end 10, a temperature patrol instrument 11, a voltage source 12 and an RS485 interface; the temperature polling instrument 11 is connected with the PC end 10 through an RS485 interface, the voltage source 12 is used for providing voltage for the heating rod 6 to heat, and the temperature acquisition system is used for obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple 9.
The thermocouple 9 adopts a k-type armored thermocouple.
The fastening bolt 3 is used for fixing an upper plastic plate 5 and a lower plastic plate 5 and a heating rod 6 through a nut 8, the upper end joint is sealed through a sealant 4, and the plastic plates 5 arranged at the lower ends of the heating rods 6 sleeved with the red copper tubes 1 are placed in the stainless steel barrel through rubber gaskets 2.
The use method of the experimental measurement device for measuring the convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil comprises the following specific steps:
step1, measuring the temperature of the transformer oil 14 and the surface of the external insulating paper 15 of the copper tube 1 at different intervals by using a plurality of thermocouples 9, and obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple through a temperature acquisition system consisting of a PC end 10, a temperature polling instrument 11, a voltage source 12 and an RS485 interface;
step2, calculating the heating power generated by the heating rod 6 through the voltage U and the current I of the voltage source 12; obtaining the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1 and the transformer oil 14 through a temperature acquisition system;
step3, dividing the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1 and the transformer oil 14 by the heating power provided by the voltage source 12 to obtain the thermal resistance value between the transformer oil 14 and the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1;
step4, measuring the external surface area of the analog winding as A, and deducing the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance and the surface area of the heating object according to a convection heat transfer coefficient formula to obtain the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power.
In Step2, the temperature values of the thermocouples adhered to the left and right sides of the heating rod 6 and corresponding to the heating rod are collected and recorded, and the average value of the temperatures of the left and right sides of the heating rod is used as the temperature value T of the surface of the simulated winding1
Acquiring and recording temperature values of four thermocouples which are arranged at intervals in the right side of the transformer oil, performing corresponding data fitting according to the sequence of arranging the thermocouples from left to right and the acquired temperature, wherein the fitting result is approximately linear, performing corresponding linear processing, calculating to obtain a slope k, and then calculating according to the condition that y is kx + b, y is the temperature value of the transformer oil, x is the distance between the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the surface of the simulation winding, and the intercept b of y is the temperature value of the transformer oil at the interface of the right side of the simulation winding; in the same way, on the left side, the average value of the critical transformer oil temperatures on the left side and the right side of the simulation winding obtained by calculation is used as the temperature value T of the critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulation winding2
In the Step3, the temperature value T of the surface of the simulated winding is used1The temperature value T of critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulated winding2The difference is divided by the heating power Q provided by the voltage source to obtain the thermal resistance R of the transformer oil, namely
Figure BDA0001745882890000031
In Step4, the surface area of the analog winding is measured to be A, and according to the formula of the convection heat transfer coefficient, the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance value R and the surface area of the heating object is the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power, namely the value
Figure BDA0001745882890000032
The physical meaning of the convective heat transfer coefficient is that when the temperature difference between the fluid and the solid surface is 1K,1m by 1m of wall area can transfer heat per second. The magnitude of h reflects the strength of convective heat transfer. Has a unit of (w/m)2℃)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method simulates the measurement of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil at different temperatures in the practical working environment of the oil-immersed transformer;
2. a plurality of thermocouples are used for measuring the oil temperature of the transformer at different positions, so that the influence of temperature measurement position selection on a measurement result in single-point measurement is avoided;
3. in the calculation of the thermal resistance of the transformer winding, the influence of the transformer oil and the convection heat exchange coefficient in the heat exchange process of each handle winding at different temperatures is generally ignored; the method makes up the defects by using experimental means, and can more accurately realize the experimental measurement of the convection heat exchange coefficient of the transformer oil in the oil-immersed transformer under different given powers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
The respective reference numerals in fig. 1: 1-copper tube, 2-rubber gasket, 3-fastening bolt, 4-sealant, 5-plastic plate, 6-heating rod, 7-heat-resistant plate, 8-nut, 9-thermocouple, 10-PC end, 11-temperature polling instrument, 12-voltage source, 13-heat-conducting paste, 14-transformer oil and 15-insulating paper.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, an experimental measurement device for measuring a convection heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil comprises a copper tube 1, a fastening bolt 3, a plastic plate 5, a heating rod 6, a heat-resistant plate 7, a thermocouple 9, a heat-conducting paste 13, transformer oil 14, insulating paper 15 and a temperature acquisition system;
simulating a winding of the oil-immersed transformer by using a copper tube 1 wrapped with two layers of insulating paper 15;
the surface of the heating rod 6 is uniformly coated with heat conducting paste 13, the heating rod 6 coated with the heat conducting paste 13 is sleeved with a copper tube 1, the heating rod 6 sleeved with the copper tube 1 is arranged in a closed stainless steel barrel, the positive and negative poles of two end leads leading out the heating rod 6 are connected with a direct current voltage source 11 of a temperature acquisition system, the upper and lower ends of the heating rod 6 sleeved with the copper tube 1 are respectively provided with a plastic plate 5, two plastic plates 5 are used for building a fixing frame for fixing the heating rod 6 to be positioned at the center of the stainless steel barrel, the upper and lower plastic plates 5 are connected through a fastening bolt 3, a thermocouple 9 is respectively arranged on the left and right sides close to the surface of the copper tube 1, two layers of insulating paper 15 are used for wrapping the surface of the copper tube 1, a plurality of thermocouples 9 are arranged on the left and right sides of the copper tube 1 at intervals, the upper end of each thermocouple passes through the plastic plate 5 arranged on the upper surface and is sealed and fixed on the plastic plate 5 by a sealant, the temperature data of the thermocouple 9 is measured by a temperature polling instrument 11 of a temperature acquisition system, and the top and the bottom of the stainless steel barrel are sealed by heat-resistant plates 7.
Furthermore, the plastic plate 5 is an epoxy resin glass fiber plastic plate.
Furthermore, 4 thermocouples 9 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the copper tube 1, and the distance between every two thermocouples is 4 mm.
Further, the temperature acquisition system comprises a PC (personal computer) end 10, a temperature patrol instrument 11, a voltage source 12 and an RS485 interface; the temperature polling instrument 11 is connected with the PC end 10 through an RS485 interface, the voltage source 12 is used for providing voltage for the heating rod 6 to heat, and the temperature acquisition system is used for obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple 9.
Further, the thermocouple 9 is a k-type armored thermocouple.
Further, the fastening bolt 3 is fixed with an upper plastic plate 5 and a lower plastic plate 6 through a nut 8, the upper end joint is sealed through a sealant 4, and the plastic plates 5 arranged at the lower ends of the heating rods 6 sleeved with the copper tubes 1 are placed in the stainless steel barrel through rubber gaskets 2.
The use method of the experimental measurement device for measuring the convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil comprises the following specific steps:
step1, measuring the temperature of the transformer oil 14 at different intervals and the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1 by using ten k-shaped armored thermocouples respectively, and obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple through a temperature acquisition system consisting of a PC (personal computer) end 10, a temperature patrol instrument 11, a voltage source 12 and an RS485 interface;
step2, calculating the heating power generated by the heating rod 6 through the voltage value U and the current I (the current value I between the wires can be measured through a universal meter) of the voltage source 12; obtaining the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1 and the transformer oil 14 through a temperature acquisition system;
step3, dividing the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1 and the transformer oil 14 by the heating power provided by the voltage source 12 to obtain the thermal resistance value between the transformer oil 14 and the surface of the insulating paper 15 outside the copper tube 1;
step4, measuring the external surface area of the analog winding as A, and deducing the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance and the surface area of the heating object according to a convection heat transfer coefficient formula to obtain the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power.
Further, in Step2, the temperature values of the thermocouples attached to the left and right sides of the heating rod 6 corresponding to the left and right sides are collected and recorded, and the average value of the temperatures of the left and right sides of the heating rod is used as the simulated winding surface temperature value T1
Acquiring and recording temperature values of four thermocouples which are arranged at intervals in the right side of the transformer oil, performing corresponding data fitting according to the sequence of arranging the thermocouples from left to right and the acquired temperature, wherein the fitting result is approximately linear, performing corresponding linear processing, calculating to obtain a slope k, and then calculating according to the condition that y is kx + b, y is the temperature value of the transformer oil, x is the distance between the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the surface of the simulation winding, and the intercept b of y is the temperature value of the transformer oil at the interface of the right side of the simulation winding; in the same way, on the left side, the average value of the critical transformer oil temperatures on the left side and the right side of the simulation winding obtained by calculation is used as the temperature value T of the critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulation winding2
Further, in Step3, the temperature value T of the winding surface is simulated1The temperature value T of critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulated winding2The difference is divided by the heating power Q provided by the voltage source to obtain the thermal resistance R of the transformer oil, namely
Figure BDA0001745882890000051
In Step4, the surface area of the analog winding is measured to be A, and according to the formula of the convection heat transfer coefficient, the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance value R and the surface area of the heating object is the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power, namely the value
Figure BDA0001745882890000052
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the voltage source 12 is used for supplying heat to the heating rod 6, the heating rod 6 transfers heat to the red copper tube 1 on the outer surface, and because the heat conducting paste 13 is filled in the gap between the heating rod 6 and the red copper tube 1, the heating rod 6 can be approximately considered to completely transfer heat to the simulation winding through heat conduction, the upper top and the lower bottom of the experimental device are completely sealed by the heat-resistant plate 7, and the transformer oil 14 can be approximately considered to be in heat conduction with the simulation winding in a convection mode, so that transverse heat transfer is realized, and heat loss in the vertical direction is avoided.
The thermocouple is led out and connected into a temperature acquisition system consisting of a temperature polling instrument 11, a voltage source 12, an RS485 end and a PC end. The heating rod is controlled by a voltage source to heat. Meanwhile, a thermocouple is introduced to measure the temperature, and the upper top and the lower bottom of the experimental device are completely sealed by the heat resistance plate 7, so that the transverse heat transfer and no heat dissipation in the vertical direction can be approximately considered when the transformer oil 14 and the simulation winding carry out convective heat transfer. The average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper outside the red copper pipe and the transformer oil is divided by the heating power provided by the voltage source to obtain the thermal resistance value of the transformer oil and the surface of the insulating paper outside the red copper pipe, the measured external surface area of the analog winding is A, and the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance and the surface area of a heating object according to a convection heat transfer coefficient formula is the numerical value of the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The use method of the experimental measurement device for measuring the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil is characterized in that: the experimental measurement device for measuring the convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer oil comprises a copper tube (1), a fastening bolt (3), a plastic plate (5), a heating rod (6), a heat-resistant plate (7), a thermocouple (9), a heat-conducting paste (13), the transformer oil (14), insulating paper (15) and a temperature acquisition system;
simulating a winding of an oil-immersed transformer by using a copper tube (1) wrapped with two layers of insulating paper (15);
the surface of the heating rod (6) is uniformly coated with heat conducting paste (13), a copper tube (1) is sleeved on the heating rod (6) coated with the heat conducting paste (13), the heating rod (6) sleeved with the copper tube (1) is arranged in a closed stainless steel barrel, the positive and negative poles of two-end lead wires leading out the heating rod (6) are connected with a direct current voltage source (11) of a temperature acquisition system, plastic plates (5) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heating rod (6) sleeved with the copper tube (1), a fixing frame is built by the two plastic plates (5) and used for fixing the heating rod (6) to be positioned at the center of the stainless steel barrel, the upper plastic plate and the lower plastic plate (5) are connected through fastening bolts (3), a thermocouple (9) is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side close to the surface of the copper tube (1), two layers of insulating paper (15) are wrapped on the surface of the copper tube (1), and a plurality of thermocouples (9) are arranged at intervals on the left side and the right side of the copper tube (1), the upper end of each thermocouple penetrates through the plastic plate (5) arranged on the upper side and is fixed on the plastic plate (5) in a sealing mode through sealing glue, the temperature data of the thermocouples (9) are measured by a temperature polling instrument (11) of a temperature acquisition system, and the top and the bottom of the stainless steel barrel are sealed by heat-resistant plates (7);
the using method comprises the following specific steps:
step1, measuring the temperature of the transformer oil (14) at different intervals and the surface of the insulating paper (15) outside the copper tube (1) by using a plurality of thermocouples (9), and obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple by a temperature acquisition system consisting of a PC (personal computer) end (10), a temperature patrol instrument (11), a voltage source (12) and an RS485 interface;
step2, calculating the heating power generated by the heating rod (6) through the voltage U and the current I of the voltage source (12); obtaining the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper (15) outside the copper tube (1) and the transformer oil (14) through a temperature acquisition system;
step3, dividing the average temperature difference between the surface of the insulating paper (15) outside the copper tube (1) and the transformer oil (14) by the heating power provided by the voltage source (12) to obtain the thermal resistance value between the transformer oil (14) and the surface of the insulating paper (15) outside the copper tube (1);
step4, measuring the external surface area of the analog winding to be A, and deducing the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance and the surface area of the heating object according to a convection heat transfer coefficient formula to be the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power;
in the Step2, the temperature values of the thermocouples which are attached to the left side surface and the right side surface of the heating rod (6) and correspond to the left side surface and the right side surface are collected and recorded, and the average value of the temperatures of the left side surface and the right side surface of the heating rod is used as the surface temperature value T of the simulated winding1
Acquiring and recording temperature values of four thermocouples which are arranged at intervals in the right side of the transformer oil, performing corresponding data fitting according to the sequence of arranging the thermocouples from left to right and the acquired temperature, wherein the fitting result is approximately linear, performing corresponding linear processing, calculating to obtain a slope k, and then calculating according to the condition that y is kx + b, y is the temperature value of the transformer oil, x is the distance between the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the surface of the simulation winding, and the intercept b of y is the temperature value of the transformer oil at the interface of the right side of the simulation winding; in the same way, on the left side, the average value of the critical transformer oil temperatures on the left side and the right side of the simulation winding obtained by calculation is used as the temperature value T of the critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulation winding2
2. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the plastic plate (5) is an epoxy resin glass fiber plastic plate.
3. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 4 thermocouples (9) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the copper tube (1), and the distance between every two thermocouples is 4 mm.
4. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature acquisition system comprises a PC (personal computer) end (10), a temperature patrol instrument (11), a voltage source (12) and an RS485 interface; the temperature patrol instrument (11) is connected with the PC end (10) through an RS485 interface, the voltage source (12) is used for providing voltage for the heating rod (6) to heat, and the temperature acquisition system is used for obtaining the temperature value of each thermocouple (9).
5. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thermocouple (9) adopts a k-shaped armored thermocouple.
6. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fastening bolt (3) fixes the upper and lower plastic plates (5) and the heating rod (6) through the nut (8), the joint of the upper end is sealed through the sealant (4), and the plastic plate (5) arranged at the lower end of the heating rod (6) sleeved with the red copper tube (1) is placed in the stainless steel barrel through the rubber gasket (2).
7. The use method of the experimental measurement device for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of transformer oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the Step3, the temperature value T of the surface of the simulated winding is used1The temperature value T of critical transformer oil on the surface of the simulated winding2The difference is divided by the heating power Q provided by the voltage source to obtain the thermal resistance R of the transformer oil, namely
Figure FDA0003494460570000031
In Step4, the surface area of the analog winding is measured to be A, and according to the formula of the convection heat transfer coefficient, the reciprocal of the product of the thermal resistance value R and the surface area of the heating object is the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient under the given power, namely the value
Figure FDA0003494460570000032
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