CN109085132B - Method for detecting crushing condition of rice grains - Google Patents
Method for detecting crushing condition of rice grains Download PDFInfo
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- CN109085132B CN109085132B CN201810909306.7A CN201810909306A CN109085132B CN 109085132 B CN109085132 B CN 109085132B CN 201810909306 A CN201810909306 A CN 201810909306A CN 109085132 B CN109085132 B CN 109085132B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 140
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004214 Fast Green FCF Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RZSYLLSAWYUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Fast green FCF Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC(O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RZSYLLSAWYUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019240 fast green FCF Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010150 least significant difference test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the crushing condition of rice grains, which comprises the following steps: sequentially dyeing, washing and eluting a rice sample to be detected to obtain an eluent; respectively measuring the absorbance values OD of the eluate at 610nm and 690nm610And OD690Changing △ OD to OD610‑OD690The breaking index of the rice grains of the rice sample to be detected is defined. The invention can quickly and accurately detect the crushing condition of the rice grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food science. More particularly, relates to a method for detecting the breakage condition of rice grains.
Background
The breaking rate of the grain is an important index for evaluating the quality of grain storage and processing links. The standard of grade 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 polished rice rate of indica rice is not less than 50%, 47%, 44%, 41% and 38%, respectively, and the standard of grade 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 polished rice rate of japonica rice is 61%, 58%, 55%, 52% and 49%. Broken rice refers to refined rice with the size of rice grains only being 1/4-3/4 of whole rice grains. The higher the breakage rate of the rice kernels, the lower the quality grade thereof, directly leading to accelerated deterioration of the quality thereof during transportation and storage. The broken rice grains have strong hygroscopicity, so that the broken rice grains are easy to cause heating and are easily attacked by pests and mould, the storage stability of the grains is obviously reduced, and the shelf life is shortened.
Further, the existing various rice processing technologies need to detect the breakage rate of rice grains, such as: in the processing technology for processing the rice into the polished rice, the rate of the polished rice is influenced by factors such as the type of the rice, the drying and storage mode after harvesting, the water content, the polishing machine and the polishing time, the polishing weight, the high temperature of the rice in the polishing process and the like. A rice polisher used to grind rice was used, which was 150 g rice, for 30 seconds. Reducing the grinding time or reducing the grinding weight (pressure) increases the rice-dressing rate, but the degree of grinding is reduced. Therefore, the control of the grinding process needs to be based on the detection of the breakage rate of the rice grains. The cold plasma technology is a processing technology emerging in the food industry in recent years, has etching, polymerization and grafting effects on cereal and potato starch, and has the effect of obviously reducing the cooking time of rice, but the application of the technology needs to accurately evaluate the influence of the technology on the quality of the treated rice, namely, the detection of the breakage rate of rice grains is also required as a basis.
Therefore, how to rapidly and accurately detect the breakage rate of the rice grains is an important current topic.
At present, the following two methods mainly exist in the detection of the breakage rate of rice grains:
the first is a sieving method: sieving a certain amount of polished rice on a circular aluminum sieve with a strip-shaped aperture (length and width are 2 and 1.7mm respectively) and a diameter of 20cm and a height of 4cm, wherein the polished rice on the sieve accounts for the mass percent of the total polished rice and represents the whole polished rice rate. Due to the influence of the water content of the indica rice and the length of grains, the breakage rate of indica polished rice processed by the indica rice with lower water content is high, and most of the indica polished rice passes through a round aluminum sieve. And the polished round-grained rice is in a short round shape, and the proportion of the polished round-grained rice passing through a round aluminum sieve is extremely low. The method is a rough detection method and has low detection precision.
The second method is an image detection method adopting a rice appearance quality tester: and (3) carrying out scanning imaging on 500-600 polished rice grains, and counting the polished rice rate of polished rice processed by japonica rice and indica rice according to the regulation of the national standard GB 1354. The appearance scanner for measuring the quality of the rice is used for measuring indexes such as the rate of the whole polished rice, the chalkiness degree, the imperfect grains and the like, is mainly used for laboratory research at present, and has not yet realized industrial application. The method also has the problem of low detection precision, for example, if the broken surface of the rice grain is positioned on the back or the side of the scanning imaging, the broken surface can not be accurately detected from the scanning imaging image. In addition, the method has higher equipment cost, and needs to be perfected aiming at the condition that the types and varieties of rice are multiple in the food production in China.
Therefore, a method for rapidly and accurately detecting the broken condition of rice grains needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the breakage condition of rice grains, which can quickly and accurately detect the breakage condition of the rice grains in the processes of storage, processing and circulation of rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for detecting rice crushing condition, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially dyeing, washing and eluting a rice sample to be detected to obtain an eluent;
respectively measuring the light absorption value OD of the eluent at the wavelength of 610nm and 690nm610And OD690；
Converting △ OD to OD610-OD690And defining the breaking index of the rice grains of the rice sample to be detected.
Preferably, the rice sample to be detected is rice grains randomly selected from rice to be detected, and the total mass of the rice grains is 1 to 3 grams.
Preferably, performing the dyeing further comprises: and (3) dyeing the rice sample to be tested for 10 minutes by adopting an FCF dyeing agent.
Preferably, the concentration of the FCF stain is between 0.001% and 0.01%.
Preferably, the concentration of the FCF stain is 0.005%.
Preferably, the volume value of the FCF stain in milliliters is twice the mass value of the rice sample to be tested in grams.
Preferably, performing the washing further comprises: and washing the dyed rice sample to be detected by using distilled water until the washed distilled water is colorless.
Preferably, performing elution further comprises: using 0.001 mol. L-1The washed rice sample to be tested is eluted for 15 minutes by the NaOH solution.
Preferably, the volume value of the NaOH solution in milliliters is twice the mass value of the rice sample to be tested in grams.
Preferably, the absorbance OD of the eluate at 610nm and 690nm is determined separately610And OD690Further comprising: respectively measuring the light absorption value OD of the eluent at the wavelength of 610nm and 690nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer610And OD690。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention can quickly and accurately detect the crushing condition of the rice grains, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings;
fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for detecting broken rice according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows rice starch concentration versus absorbance D610Schematic diagram of the correlation between the two.
FIG. 3 shows the difference D between the concentration of rice starch and the absorbance610-D690Schematic diagram of the correlation between the two.
FIG. 4 shows the difference D between the breakage rate and the absorbance of medium-maturing indica No. 1 rice610-D690Schematic diagram of the correlation between the two.
FIG. 5 shows the difference D between the breakage rate and the absorbance of late-maturing indica No. 3 rice610-D690Schematic diagram of the correlation between the two.
FIG. 6 shows the difference D between the breakage rate and the absorption value of No. 4 japonica rice in northeast China610-D690Schematic diagram of the correlation between the two.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting rice breakage, including:
sequentially dyeing, washing and eluting a rice sample to be detected to obtain an eluent;
respectively measuring the absorbance values OD of the eluate at 610nm and 690nm610And OD690；
Converting △ OD to OD610-OD690The breaking index of the rice grains of the rice sample to be detected is defined.
Compared with the existing method for detecting the breakage rate of rice grains, the method for detecting the breakage of rice grains provided by the embodiment has the advantages of high detection speed and high detection precision. Particularly, compared with an image detection method adopting a rice appearance quality tester, the rice grain breakage index detected by the detection method for the rice breakage condition provided by the embodiment is only related to the area of the broken surface of the rice grain and is not related to the shape, the position and the like of the broken surface of the rice grain, the detection omission condition possibly occurring in the image detection method can be avoided, and the detection precision is greatly improved.
In some optional implementation manners of this embodiment, one sample is detected three times in parallel in the detection process, seven rice samples to be detected are simultaneously detected each time, and the whole process can be completed within 40 minutes.
In some optional implementation manners of this embodiment, the rice sample to be tested is rice grains randomly selected from rice to be tested, and the total mass of the rice grains is 1 to 3 g. Further, the mass of the rice sample to be measured was 2 g. The method can be understood that the rice grain breakage index of the rice sample to be detected can be used as the rice grain breakage index of the rice to be detected, in order to further improve the detection precision of the rice grain breakage condition of the rice to be detected, a plurality of rice samples to be detected can be randomly selected from the rice to be detected to be respectively detected, and the mean value of the rice grain breakage indexes of the plurality of rice samples to be detected is used as the rice grain breakage index of the rice to be detected.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, performing staining further comprises: the rice sample to be tested is stained with fast green FCF (fastgreen FCF) stain for 10 minutes. The rice sample to be detected can be placed in a 50mL round-bottom plastic centrifuge tube, the FCF coloring agent is added, and then the rice sample is placed on a shaking table to be shaken and dyed for 10 minutes. The FCF coloring agent is generally used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of protein in the gel electrophoresis process, and the implementation mode discovers and utilizes that a blue compound generated by the FCF coloring agent and rice starch has a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of 610nm, and an absorbance value OD of an eluent at the wavelength of 610nm610The rice starch concentration has a strong linear relationship, and as shown in figure 2, R is 0.9693. Further, the absorbance OD of the eluate at a wavelength of 690nm690Is not substantially affected by the concentration of rice starch, and the absorbance OD of the eluate at 610nm610And the light absorption value OD of the eluent at the wavelength of 690nm690Difference △ OD-OD610-OD690Shows a strong linear relationship with the concentration of the rice starch, as shown in fig. 3, R is 0.9845, since the concentration of the rice starch can accurately and directly reflect the crushing condition of the rice grains (the more severe the crushing condition of the rice grains is, the higher the concentration of the rice starch is), △ OD is changed into OD610-OD690The method is defined as the rice grain breakage index of the rice sample to be detected, and can accurately reflect the breakage condition of the rice grains.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, the concentration of FCF stain is between 0.001% and 0.01%. Further, the concentration of FCF stain was selected to be 0.005%. In addition, 0.001 mol/L FCF coloring agent can be used-1And (5) preparing a NaOH solution.
In some alternative implementations of this embodiment, the volume value in milliliters of the FCF stain used is twice the mass value in grams of the rice sample to be tested.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, performing the washing further comprises: and washing the dyed rice sample to be detected by using distilled water until the washed distilled water is colorless. Generally, 3 to 5 times of washing is enough.
In some alternative implementations of this embodiment, performing elution further comprises: using 0.001 mol. L-1The washed rice sample to be tested is eluted for 15 minutes by the NaOH solution. The elution process can be carried out by shaking the column on a shaking table for 15 minutes.
In some alternative implementations of this embodiment, the NaOH solution is used in a volume in milliliters twice the mass in grams of the rice sample to be tested.
In some alternative implementations of this embodiment, the absorbance OD of the eluate at wavelengths of 610nm and 690nm is determined separately610And OD690Further comprising: respectively measuring the light absorption value OD of the eluate at 610nm and 690nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer610And OD690。
The validity of the embodiment that the rice grain breakage index is used for reflecting the breakage condition of the rice grains is further explained by using the correlation of the accurate breakage rate of the rice grains obtained by performing 360-degree all-directional scanning imaging image detection on the rice grain breakage index obtained by the embodiment and a rice appearance quality tester.
As shown in fig. 4, for the medium-ripened indica type rice 1, which is the polished rice processed from medium-ripened indica type rice, a strong linear relationship is shown between the rice grain breakage index and the precise breakage rate of the rice grain, wherein R is 0.9597. As shown in fig. 5, for the polished rice processed from late-maturing indica type rice, late-maturing indica type rice No. 3, a strong linear relationship is also shown between the rice grain breakage index and the precise rice grain breakage rate, and R is 0.9829. As shown in fig. 6, for the polished rice processed from the japonica rice in northeast china rice, No. 4 rice in northeast china rice, a strong linear relationship is also shown between the breakage index of the rice grains and the breakage rate of the precise rice grains, and R is 0.9875.
Further, in the present invention,
as shown in table 1, for the rice grains processed by the cold plasma technology and the rice grains not processed by the cold plasma technology, the rice grain breakage index and the accurate rice grain breakage rate and the imperfect grains obtained by performing 360-degree omni-directional scanning imaging image detection by using a rice appearance quality tester have a strong linear relationship. The same column of non-identical lower case letters in the LSD test indicates significant differences between samples (p < 0.05).
TABLE 1 comparison of the crushing index of different varieties of polished rice after cold plasma treatment
As shown in table 2, the breakage index of the polished rice processed from the rice stored at the room temperature (25 ℃) for 1 year was increased as compared with the rice stored at the low temperature (4 ℃ and 15 ℃) for 1 year, and the accurate breakage rate of the rice grains obtained from the image detection of 360 ° omnidirectional scanning imaging by the rice appearance quality analyzer was consistent with the detection result of the breakage of the rice grains. The same column of non-identical lower case letters in the LSD test indicates significant differences between samples (p < 0.05).
TABLE 2 comparison of breakage index of polished rice processed after storing late indica rice for 1 year at different temperatures
In summary, in this embodiment, a blue compound is formed by the reaction of the broken surface of the rice grain and the FCF coloring agent, and the compound is dissolved by using a dilute alkali solution and quantitatively analyzed on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, so that the broken condition of the rice grain can be rapidly and accurately detected.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It is further noted that, in the description of the present invention, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and all obvious variations and modifications belonging to the technical scheme of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the breakage condition of rice grains is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially dyeing, washing and eluting a rice sample to be detected to obtain an eluent, wherein the dyeing adopts a fast green FCF (FCF) coloring agent;
respectively measuring the light absorption value OD of the eluent at the wavelength of 610nm and 690nm610And OD690；
Converting △ OD to OD610-OD690And defining the breaking index of the rice grains of the rice sample to be detected.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rice sample to be tested is rice grains randomly selected from rice to be tested and having a total mass of 1 to 3 g.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the dyeing further comprises: and (3) dyeing the rice sample to be tested for 10 minutes by adopting an FCF dyeing agent.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the FCF stain is between 0.001% and 0.01%.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the FCF stain is 0.005%.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the FCF stain is used in a volume value in milliliters which is twice the mass value in grams of the rice sample to be tested.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein performing a wash further comprises: and washing the dyed rice sample to be detected by using distilled water until the washed distilled water is colorless.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein performing elution further comprises: using 0.001 mol. L-1The washed rice sample to be tested is eluted for 15 minutes by the NaOH solution.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the NaOH solution is used in a volume value in milliliters which is twice the mass value in grams of the rice sample to be tested.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the OD absorbance of the eluate at 610nm and 690nm is determined separately610And OD690Further comprising: respectively measuring the light absorption value OD of the eluent at the wavelength of 610nm and 690nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer610And OD690。
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1612542A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2006-01-04 | Satake Corporation | Method of measuring freshness of cereals and beans and appratus therefor |
| CN101021488A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2007-08-22 | 江苏大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting rice damage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1612542A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2006-01-04 | Satake Corporation | Method of measuring freshness of cereals and beans and appratus therefor |
| CN101021488A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2007-08-22 | 江苏大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting rice damage |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| A STUDY OF RICE FISSURING BY FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION OF INTERNAL STRESSES COMBINED WITH HIGH-SPEED MICROSCOPY IMAGING OF FISSURE APPEARANCE;C.-C. Jia,et al;《Transactions of the ASAE》;20021231;第45卷(第3期);第741-749页 * |
| 稻谷水分含量对其干燥过程中籽粒破碎的影响研究;张龙 等;《粮食科技与经济》;20151031;第40卷(第5期);第53-56页 * |
| 采用FCF染色法测定粮食破碎率;任强 等;《分析检测》;20161231;第37卷(第2期);第49-53页 * |
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Address after: 100037 No. 11 Million Village Street, Xicheng District, Beijing Applicant after: Academy of Sciences, State Bureau of Food and Materials Reserve Applicant after: Suzhou Haitang Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: 100037 No. 11 Million Village Street, Xicheng District, Beijing Applicant before: Academy of State Grain Administration Applicant before: Suzhou Haitang Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. |
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