CN109076913A - 一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法 - Google Patents

一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法 Download PDF

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CN109076913A
CN109076913A CN201811167577.6A CN201811167577A CN109076913A CN 109076913 A CN109076913 A CN 109076913A CN 201811167577 A CN201811167577 A CN 201811167577A CN 109076913 A CN109076913 A CN 109076913A
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garlic
levulan
bulb
harvest time
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田洁
边海燕
王丽慧
杨世鹏
钟启文
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Qinghai University
Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/35Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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Abstract

本发明公开一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,通过测定大蒜抽薹期假茎粗、大蒜抽薹期假茎高、大蒜收获期鳞茎横径和大蒜收获期鳞茎单头重4个农艺性状,通过特定的计算方法,筛选出高果聚糖大蒜品种。发明所述的方法是一种简单而又符合生产所需的高果聚糖大蒜品种筛选方法,不仅鉴定成本低,而且操作简单,是一种易于推广的快速简便的大蒜果聚糖检测方法。

Description

一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法
技术领域
本发明涉及植物生理学领域,具体涉及一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法。
背景技术
果聚糖作为大蒜鳞茎的主要品质性状,影响着大蒜产品的口感,是收获产品的重要品质参数。大蒜中富含果聚糖,占其干物质质量的75~80%(Losso&Nakai,1997),是大蒜籽的能量贮藏物质,提供大蒜萌发所需要的碳源和能源(Hendry,1993)。因此,果聚糖是大蒜产量形成及品质评价的关键物质。根据聚合度的不同,果聚糖分为高聚果糖和低聚果糖。研究发现,大蒜中的果聚糖以聚合度在3~9的低聚果糖为主,包括蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、新蔗果三糖等,约占大蒜糖类总量的3.9%(索慧,2010)。低聚果糖具有极高的药用价值和保健功能,其组分甜度高、热能低,能够促进肠道双歧杆菌增殖、抑制肠道有害细菌生长,可在肠道内生成抗癌的有机酸物质、减少肝脏毒素(Bekers et al.,2004),被广泛用于食品加工和制药领域。鉴于果聚糖作为大蒜产品的品质影响因素以及医疗保健作用,开展大蒜资源果聚糖性状的鉴定,筛选高果聚糖大蒜品种,建立一种简单而又符合生产所需的果聚糖性状评价方法显得尤为重要。
目前,在大蒜高糖品种的筛选上,主要是通过比色法和高效液相色谱法测定大蒜资源的果聚糖含量来进行评价,但这些筛选方法存在弊端,例如,大蒜鳞茎样品需要烘干、磨样,不仅对鳞茎消耗量大,而且费时费力。同时,利用高效液相法测定果聚糖含量时,所需的果聚糖标准品价格昂贵,成本较高。因此,确立一种快速、简便、成本低的大蒜高糖品种的筛选方法对于大蒜育种及优良种质创制具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明目的在于提供一种简单而又符合生产所需的高果聚糖大蒜品种筛选方法,本发明首次建立了一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,不仅鉴定成本低,而且操作简单,是一种易于推广的快速简便的大蒜果聚糖检测方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下方案实现:
本发明提供一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,通过测定大蒜抽薹期假茎粗、大蒜抽薹期假茎高、大蒜收获期鳞茎横径和大蒜收获期鳞茎单头重4个农艺性状,通过特定的计算方法,筛选出高果聚糖大蒜品种。
本发明还提供一种更为优选的具体的高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)大蒜抽薹期假茎粗及假茎高的测定:
a.抽薹期假茎粗的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期,测定地上假茎自土壤表面向上2/9~4/9处的最大直径,以mm为单位;
b.抽薹期假茎高的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期,测定土壤表面至大蒜植株抽叶口处的距离,以cm为单位;
(2)大蒜收获期鳞茎横径及单头重的测定:
a.收获期鳞茎横径的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期,测定成熟鳞茎的横向最大直径,以cm为单位;
b.收获期鳞茎单头重的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期,称量单头成熟鳞茎的质量,以g为单位;
(3)大蒜鳞茎果聚糖性状的鉴定:
通过以大蒜农艺性状建立的回归方程进行果聚糖性状的鉴定,按照以下公式计算:
果聚糖含量(mg.g-1DW)=406.903+2.603X1–1.541X2+5.737X3-1.011X4
其中X1:抽薹期假茎粗;X2:抽薹期假茎高;X3:收获期鳞茎横径;X4:收获期鳞茎单头重。
优选的,本发明所述的大蒜蒜薹伸长期是指蒜薹生长至高于叶鞘10~12cm。
在本发明步骤(1)的a中抽薹期假茎粗的测定中,优选的测定地上假茎自土壤表面向上1/3处的最大直径。
优选的,本发明所述的大蒜鳞茎收获期是指大蒜叶片变为灰绿色,底叶枯黄脱落,假茎充分膨大且松软的时期。
本发明所述的方法,适用范围广,可适用于不同品种的大蒜。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所述方法通过大蒜4个农艺性状的测定,通过特定的计算方法,可进行鳞茎果聚糖性状的鉴定,从而筛选高果聚糖大蒜品种。本发明利用大蒜农艺性状建立的回归方程可计算鳞茎果聚糖的含量,只需通过测定4个农艺性状,就能进行大蒜果聚糖性状的鉴定,鉴定成本低,操作简单,是一种易于推广的快速简便的大蒜高果聚糖筛选方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例对来源于中国大陆不同区域的28份大蒜资源进行高果聚糖品种的试验筛选。
表1为供试材料及大蒜来源地
表1大蒜资源信息表
供试材料于2016年11月播种于青海省农林科学院园艺所试验田,次年8月收获,种植株距为15cm,行距为20cm,种植区域面积为12m2,每个品种3次重复,随机排列,常规方法播种及管理。
大蒜高果聚糖品种的筛选,包含以下步骤:
(1)大蒜抽薹期假茎粗及假茎高的测定:
a.抽薹期假茎粗的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期(蒜薹生长至高于叶鞘10~12cm),测定地上假茎自土壤表面向上1/3处的最大直径,以mm为单位。
b.抽薹期假茎高的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期(蒜薹生长至高于叶鞘10~12cm),测定土壤表面至大蒜植株抽叶口处的距离,以cm为单位。
(2)大蒜收获期鳞茎横径及单头重的测定:
a.收获期鳞茎横径的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期(大蒜叶片变为灰绿色,底叶枯黄脱落,假茎充分膨大且松软),测定成熟鳞茎的横向最大直径,以cm为单位。
b.收获期鳞茎单头重的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期(大蒜叶片变为灰绿色,底叶枯黄脱落,假茎充分膨大且松软),称量单头成熟鳞茎的质量,以g为单位。
(3)大蒜鳞茎果聚糖性状的鉴定:
通过以大蒜农艺性状建立的回归方程进行果聚糖性状的鉴定,按照以下公式计算:
果聚糖含量(mg.g-1DW)=406.903+2.603X1–1.541X2+5.737X3-1.011X4
其中X1:抽薹期假茎粗;X2:抽薹期假茎高;X3:收获期鳞茎横径;X4:收获期鳞茎单头重。
对28份大蒜资源的果聚糖性状鉴定见表2。
表2大蒜资源农艺性状及果聚糖性状
(4)大蒜高果聚糖品种的筛选:
通过大蒜资源果聚糖性状的鉴定(表2),发现乐都紫皮大蒜的果聚糖含量最高,为563.39mg.g-1DW。即乐都紫皮大蒜为筛选出的高果聚糖大蒜品种,这与采用现有技术中高效液相色谱法测定的结果一致,说明本发明所述的方法所获得的结果可靠性高。

Claims (5)

1.一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,其特征在于,通过测定大蒜抽薹期假茎粗、大蒜抽薹期假茎高、大蒜收获期鳞茎横径和大蒜收获期鳞茎单头重4个农艺性状,通过特定的计算方法,筛选出高果聚糖大蒜品种。
2.一种高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)大蒜抽薹期假茎粗及假茎高的测定:
a.抽薹期假茎粗的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期,测定地上假茎自土壤表面向上2/9~4/9处的最大直径,以mm为单位;
b.抽薹期假茎高的测定:在大蒜蒜薹伸长期,测定土壤表面至大蒜植株抽叶口处的距离,以cm为单位;
(2)大蒜收获期鳞茎横径及单头重的测定:
a.收获期鳞茎横径的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期,测定成熟鳞茎的横向最大直径,以cm为单位;
b.收获期鳞茎单头重的测定:在大蒜鳞茎收获期,称量单头成熟鳞茎的质量,以g为单位;
(3)大蒜鳞茎果聚糖性状的鉴定:
通过以大蒜农艺性状建立的回归方程进行果聚糖性状的鉴定,按照以下公式计算:
果聚糖含量(mg.g-1DW)=406.903+2.603X1–1.541X2+5.737X3-1.011X4
其中X1:抽薹期假茎粗;X2:抽薹期假茎高;X3:收获期鳞茎横径;X4:收获期鳞茎单头重。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述的大蒜蒜薹伸长期是指蒜薹生长至高于叶鞘10~12cm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的a中抽薹期假茎粗的测定中,测定地上假茎自土壤表面向上1/3处的最大直径。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高果聚糖大蒜品种的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述的大蒜鳞茎收获期是指大蒜叶片变为灰绿色,底叶枯黄脱落,假茎充分膨大且松软的时期。
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