CN109068266B - Three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting a three-dimensional geographic information data point set of a region to be monitored, triangulating and optimizing the point set by using a Choi algorithm, taking each vertex of a subdivision triangle as a candidate deployment position of a sensor node, optimizing the candidate deployment position according to two principles of maximum coverage area and no intersection of a coverage surface, and taking the optimized vertex set as the deployment position of the sensor node. And then, triangulation is carried out again by using the deployment position of the sensor node as a vertex, and a new deployment position of the sensor node is calculated by using a triangulation triangle sequence, namely the deployment of the three-dimensional surface sensor network is completed. The invention realizes coverage monitoring of the three-dimensional complex curved surface by using the least number of sensor nodes, solves the problems of repeated coverage and coverage holes of the three-dimensional complex curved surface, and has flexible deployment method and high coverage rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional sensor network coverage, in particular to a three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method.
Background
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of sensor nodes deployed on the surface, and in recent years, the application range and the field thereof are increasingly wider, and the WSN has wide applications in the fields of military, forest fire prevention, medical care, submarine environment monitoring, industrial control, commerce and the like. The WSN technology mainly aims at perceiving and monitoring a target area and realizing perceiving and monitoring of various environments or objects in the target area. How to use a proper sensor node deployment method to optimize and configure various resources of the WSN so as to improve various service qualities of the WSN becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the WSN technology.
Due to the characteristics of wide application range of the sensor network, complex application environment, limited network node resources and the like, the overlapping of network coverage areas can be caused by a large number of deployed nodes, so that repeated coverage is caused, and resources are wasted. Under the limitation of factors such as communication quality, coverage rate and cost performance, sensor nodes are reasonably deployed, network resources are effectively utilized, the requirement of network service quality is met, and effective coverage in the application of the wireless sensor network is very important. Meanwhile, most of sensor coverage researches are focused on an ideal two-dimensional plane and a full three-dimensional space, however, in many practical applications, a target field is a three-dimensional complex curved surface, sensor nodes can only be deployed on the surface of a monitoring area instead of being placed randomly, if the previous coverage strategy is adopted, the problem of network coverage holes is caused, and a monitoring blind area is caused, so that the traditional method is not applicable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method, which realizes coverage monitoring on a three-dimensional complex curved surface by using the least number of sensor nodes and solves the problems of repeated coverage and coverage holes of the three-dimensional complex curved surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method comprises the following steps:
1) collecting a three-dimensional geographic information data point set PA of a region to be monitored by utilizing a GIS technology; wherein, PAi(xi,yi,zi) Denotes the ith point, xiIndicates the longitude, y of the ith pointiIndicating the latitude, z, of the ith pointiRepresents the height of the ith point;
2) triangulation is carried out on the point set PA by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivision triangle sequence N1；
3) For subdivision triangle sequence N1Optimizing according to the circumscribed curved surface circle-simulating criterion and the space shape optimizing criterion to obtain an optimized subdivision triangular sequence N2；
4) Taking and subdividing a triangular sequence N2Each vertex of the medium triangle is used as a candidate deployment position of the sensor node, and a point set is recorded as PB;
5) optimizing a point set PB according to two principles of maximum coverage area and no intersection of coverage surfaces to obtain a reference point set PC;
6) triangulation is carried out on the reference point set PC by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivision triangle sequence N3；
7) Using a split triangular sequence N3Calculating a new reference point, and adding the new reference point into a reference point set PC;
8) and taking points in the reference point set PC as actual node deployment positions of the sensor network deployment to realize the three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment.
Further, in the step 1), a specific method for acquiring the three-dimensional geographic information data point set of the area to be monitored is as follows:
1.1) acquiring the geographic information of an area to be monitored through field actual measurement, space flight and aviation remote sensing, aerial measurement and a Global Positioning System (GPS);
1.2) abstracting geographic information into layers with different behavior characteristics according to points, lines and planes to obtain attribute data and spatial data, wherein the attribute data comprises the quality and the quantity of geographic entities, and the spatial data is position information of the entities, namely three-dimensional coordinates of the entities;
1.3) verifying, modifying and editing the attribute data by using a digitizer and an analysis mapping instrument to obtain a space coordinate information discrete point set PA of the area to be monitored;
further, in the step 5), the method for optimizing the point set PB to obtain the reference point set PC is as follows:
5.1) initializing reference point set PC, PC ═ PB1In which PB is1Is the first element in the point set PB;
5.2) calculating the distance d between the reference point and all other points in the PB;
5.3) selecting points which satisfy the condition that d is more than 2r and less than 4r and are not in the reference point set PC as new reference points, and adding the new reference points into the reference point set PC, wherein r is the sensing radius of the sensor node;
5.4) repeating the steps 5.2) to 5.3) for the newly added points in the reference point set PC until no new reference points are added;
and 5.5) taking the reference point set PC as the optimized sensor node deployment position.
Further, in the step 7), the subdivision triangular sequence N is utilized3Calculating a new reference point, and adding the new reference point into a reference point set PC, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
7.1) taking a subdivision triangle sequence N3The first triangle in (1);
7.2) calculating the outer center of the triangle and the distance L between the outer center of the triangle and the vertex of the triangle;
7.3) judging whether L is larger than 2r, if so, turning to a step 7.4), and if not, turning to a step 7.5);
7.4) inserting sensor nodes between the outer center and the vertex of the triangle;
7.5) vertically projecting the outer center and the node to be inserted to the subdivision triangular sequence N along the height coordinate2Triangle of (5);
7.6) calculating the space coordinate of each projection point according to the centroid, the longitude and latitude coordinates of each node to be inserted and a triangular plane equation;
7.7) adding the projection point as a new reference point into a reference point set PC;
7.8) taking N3Repeating the step 7.2) to the step 7.7) until the next triangle is traversed3。
Further, in the step 7.4) above,
if the coordinate of the outer center of the triangle is O (x)0,y0,z0) The vertex coordinate is E (x)1,y1,z1) Then node coordinate R is to be insertedn(xn,yn,zn) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
Compared with the existing deployment method, the deployment method has the advantages that the coverage monitoring of the three-dimensional complex curved surface is realized by using the least number of the sensor nodes, the problems of repeated coverage and coverage holes of the three-dimensional complex curved surface are solved, and the deployment method is flexible and high in coverage rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sensor network deployment flow overview diagram.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of optimization of the point set PB.
Detailed Description
A three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of acquiring three-dimensional geographic information data discrete points of an area to be monitored by utilizing a GIS technology to obtain a point set PA of the area to be monitored, wherein the acquisition method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1) acquiring the geographic information of an area to be monitored through field actual measurement, space flight and aviation remote sensing, aerial measurement and a Global Positioning System (GPS);
1.2) abstracting geographic information into layers with different behavior characteristics according to points, lines and planes to obtain attribute data and spatial data, wherein the attribute data comprises the quality and the quantity of geographic entities, and the spatial data is position information of the entities, namely three-dimensional coordinates of the entities;
1.3) verifying, modifying and editing the attribute data and the spatial data by using a digitizer and an analysis mapping instrument to obtain a discrete point set PA of spatial coordinate information of an area to be monitored; wherein, PAi(xi,yi,zi) Denotes the ith point, xiIndicates the longitude, y of the ith pointiIndicating the latitude, z, of the ith pointiRepresents the height of the ith point;
2) triangulation is carried out on the point set PA by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivision triangle sequence N1；
3) For subdivision triangle sequence N1Optimizing according to the circumscribed curved surface circle-simulating criterion and the space shape optimizing criterion to obtain an optimized subdivision triangular sequence N2；
4) Taking and subdividing a triangular sequence N2Each vertex of the medium triangle is used as a candidate deployment position of the sensor node, and a point set is recorded as PB;
5) optimizing a point set PB according to two principles of maximum coverage area and no intersection of coverage surfaces to obtain a reference point set PC; as shown in fig. 2, the specific method is as follows:
5.1) initializing reference point set PC, PC ═ PB1In which PB is1Is the first element in the point set PBA peptide;
5.2) calculating the distance d between the reference point and all other points in the PB;
5.3) selecting points which satisfy the condition that d is more than 2r and less than 4r and are not in the reference point set PC as new reference points, and adding the new reference points into the reference point set PC, wherein r is the sensing radius of the sensor node;
5.4) repeating the steps 5.2) to 5.3) for the newly added points in the reference point set PC until no new reference points are added;
5.5) taking the reference point set PC as the optimized sensor node deployment position;
6) triangulation is carried out on the reference point set PC by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivision triangle sequence N3；
7) Using a split triangular sequence N3Calculating a new reference point, and adding the new reference point into a reference point set PC, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
7.1) taking a subdivision triangle sequence N3The first triangle in (1);
7.2) calculating the outer center of the triangle and the distance L between the outer center of the triangle and the vertex of the triangle;
7.3) judging whether L is larger than 2r, if so, turning to a step 7.4), and if not, turning to a step 7.5);
7.4) inserting sensor nodes between the triangle's outer center and the vertices,
wherein
Is an upper rounding formula; if the coordinate of the outer center of the triangle is O (x)0,y0,z0) The vertex coordinate is E (x)1,y1,z1) Then node coordinate R is to be insertedn(xn,yn,zn) The calculation formula is as follows:
7.5) vertically projecting the outer center and the node to be inserted to the subdivision triangular sequence N along the height coordinate2Triangle of (5);
7.6) calculating the space coordinate of each projection point according to the centroid, the longitude and latitude coordinates of each node to be inserted and a triangular plane equation;
7.7) adding the projection point as a new reference point into a reference point set PC;
7.8) taking N3Repeating the step 7.2) to the step 7.7) until the next triangle is traversed3；
8) And taking points in the reference point set PC as actual node deployment positions of the sensor network deployment to realize the three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment.
Claims (5)
1. A three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting a three-dimensional geographic information data point set PA of a region to be monitored by utilizing a GIS technology; wherein, PAi(xi,yi,zi) Denotes the ith point, xiIndicates the longitude, y of the ith pointiIndicating the latitude, z, of the ith pointiRepresents the height of the ith point;
2) triangulation is carried out on the point set PA by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivision triangle sequence N1；
3) For subdivision triangle sequence N1Optimizing according to the circumscribed curved surface circle-simulating criterion and the space shape optimizing criterion to obtain an optimized subdivision triangular sequence N2；
4) Taking and subdividing a triangular sequence N2Each vertex of the medium triangle is used as a candidate deployment position of the sensor node, and a point set is recorded as PB;
5) optimizing a point set PB according to two principles of maximum coverage area and no intersection of coverage surfaces to obtain a reference point set PC;
6) triangulation is carried out on the reference point set PC by using the Choi algorithm to obtain a subdivisionTriangular sequence N3；
7) Using a split triangular sequence N3Calculating a new reference point, and adding the new reference point into a reference point set PC;
8) and taking points in the reference point set PC as actual node deployment positions of the sensor network deployment to realize the three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment.
2. The three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), a specific method for collecting the three-dimensional geographic information data point set of the region to be monitored is as follows:
1.1) acquiring the geographic information of an area to be monitored through field actual measurement, space flight and aviation remote sensing, aerial measurement and a Global Positioning System (GPS);
1.2) abstracting geographic information into layers with different behavior characteristics according to points, lines and planes to obtain attribute data and spatial data, wherein the attribute data comprises the quality and the quantity of geographic entities, and the spatial data is position information of the entities, namely three-dimensional coordinates of the entities;
and 1.3) verifying, modifying and editing the attribute data by using a digitizer and an analysis mapping instrument to obtain a space coordinate information discrete point set PA of the area to be monitored.
3. The three-dimensional surface sensor network deployment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the method for optimizing the point set PB to obtain the reference point set PC is as follows:
5.1) initializing reference point set PC, PC ═ PB1In which PB is1Is the first element in the point set PB;
5.2) calculating the distance d between the reference point and all other points in the PB;
5.3) selecting points which satisfy the condition that d is more than 2r and less than 4r and are not in the reference point set PC as new reference points, and adding the new reference points into the reference point set PC, wherein r is the sensing radius of the sensor node;
5.4) repeating the steps 5.2) to 5.3) for the newly added points in the reference point set PC until no new reference points are added;
and 5.5) taking the reference point set PC as the optimized sensor node deployment position.
4. The method for deploying the three-dimensional surface sensor network according to claim 1, wherein in step 7), a subdivision triangle sequence N is utilized3Calculating a new reference point, and adding the new reference point into a reference point set PC, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
7.1) taking a subdivision triangle sequence N3The first triangle in (1);
7.2) calculating the outer center of the triangle and the distance L between the outer center of the triangle and the vertex of the triangle;
7.3) judging whether L is larger than 2r, if so, turning to a step 7.4), and if not, turning to a step 7.5);
7.4) inserting sensor nodes between the outer center and the vertex of the triangle;
7.5) vertically projecting the outer center and the node to be inserted to the subdivision triangular sequence N along the height coordinate2Triangle of (5);
7.6) calculating the space coordinate of each projection point according to the centroid, the longitude and latitude coordinates of each node to be inserted and a triangular plane equation;
7.7) adding the projection point as a new reference point into a reference point set PC;
7.8) taking N3Repeating the step 7.2) to the step 7.7) until the next triangle is traversed3。
5. The method for deploying the three-dimensional surface sensor network according to claim 4, wherein in step 7.4), the method requires
If the coordinate of the outer center of the triangle is O (x)0,y0,z0) The vertex coordinate is E (x)1,y1,z1) Then node coordinate R is to be insertedn(xn,yn,zn) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
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