CN109067440A - One kind is based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath - Google Patents
One kind is based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath Download PDFInfo
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- CN109067440A CN109067440A CN201810794021.3A CN201810794021A CN109067440A CN 109067440 A CN109067440 A CN 109067440A CN 201810794021 A CN201810794021 A CN 201810794021A CN 109067440 A CN109067440 A CN 109067440A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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Abstract
The present invention provides one kind based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath, emission array and receiving array in the aerial array include having directive radiation array element, the beam direction of the transmitting array element port of the emission array is aligned with distinguishable route matching corresponding in multipath channel, and the beam direction of the reception array element port of the receiving array is aligned with distinguishable route matching corresponding in multipath channel.Above-mentioned mimo antenna array of the invention solves the design problem of high channel capacity and high compact mimo system in multipath channel, with high directivity MIMO array element.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of antenna, particularly, are related to one kind based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath.
Background technique
In a wireless communication system, by multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,
MIMO) technology is equipped with mutiple antennas in transmitting terminal and receiving end, keeps signal same by the mutiple antennas of transmitting terminal and receiving end
When transmit, in conjunction with spatial temporal signal processing technology, the spectrum efficiency and channel capacity of communication system, therefore MIMO can be doubled up
Technology has got more and more people's extensive concerning, and becomes the core technology in the systems such as 5G wireless communication and radar system.
In order to meet the needs of high flow capacities business such as wireless high-definition video meeting, 3D video and virtual reality, with 4G network
It compares, the capacity of 5G network will improve 1000 times, it is therefore desirable to bigger bandwidth is used, however due to the day of low end frequency resource
Benefit saturation, people prepare to use millimere-wave band (frequency 30GHz-300GHz, corresponding wavelength 1mm-10mm) in 5G, herein frequency
Within the scope of rate, it is easy to find the continuous bandwidth of GHz.However, due to electromagnetic wave propagation loss with frequency square at just
Than for isotropic radiation, when working frequency is higher, corresponding propagated loss will increase more.So existing
There is the Antenna Design in technology to can no longer meet the new application demand of MIMO technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as existing MIMO technology, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of mimo antenna battle array
It arranges, the emission array and receiving array in the aerial array include having directive radiation array element, the emission array
The beam direction of transmitting array element port be aligned with distinguishable route matching corresponding in multipath channel, the receiving array
The beam direction for receiving array element port is aligned with distinguishable route matching corresponding in multipath channel.
Preferably, main beam direction angle and the distinguishable road corresponding in the multipath channel of the transmitting array element port
The angle of departure of diameter is equal；
The main beam direction angle for receiving array element port is arrived with corresponding distinguishable path in the multipath channel
It is equal up to angle.
Preferably, transmitting array element port spacing adjacent in the emission array is more than or equal to zero；And/or
Adjacent reception array element port spacing is more than or equal to zero in the receiving array.
Preferably, the transmitting array element port number and receive array element port number with distinguishable road in the multipath channel
Diameter item number is equal, and when adjacent transmitting array element port spacing and adjacent reception array element port spacing are zero, can obtain
Obtain the channel matrix of full rank.
Preferably, the directive radiation array element of tool is that have the radiation array element of high-gain, the spoke with high-gain
Array element is penetrated by number or analog beam orming array to realize.
Preferably, the working frequency range of the mimo antenna array is not less than 6GHz.Further, the mimo antenna array
Working frequency range be 30-300GHz.Certainly, the working frequency range of mimo antenna array can also be the frequency range of other higher light.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of mimo antenna array, comprising:
Emission array, has Nt transmitting array element port, and adjacent transmission array element port spacing is dt, i-th of transmitting array element
The beam direction of port is θt-i, wherein i is integer and meets 1≤i≤Nt；
Receiving array, has Nr reception array element port, and adjacent reception array element port spacing is dr, j-th of reception array element
The beam direction of port is θr-j, wherein j is integer and meets 1≤j≤Nr；
If there are the distinguishable paths of N item in multipath channel, the angle of departure and angle of arrival of kth paths are respectively θAOD-kWith
θAOA-k, wherein k is integer and meets 1≤k≤N；
The emission array and receiving array include having directive radiation array element, and meet condition: θt-i=
θAOD-k, θr-j=θAOA-k, Nt=Nr=N.
Preferably, work as dt=0, drWhen=0, the channel matrix of full rank can be obtained.
Preferably, the numerical value of described i, j and k are equal.
The third aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal carries transmitting described in first aspect
Emission array described in array or second aspect；Or
The mobile terminal carries receiving array described in first aspect or carries receiving array described in first aspect；Or
Person
The mobile terminal carries mimo antenna array described in first aspect or carries millimeter wave described in second aspect
Mimo antenna array.
The fourth aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of mimo antenna system, and the mimo antenna system is the day of full freedom degree
Linear system system comprising mimo antenna array described in mimo antenna array or second aspect described in first aspect.Specifically,
Mimo antenna system is settable between multiple mobile terminals, and transmitting battle array described in a carrying is selected in two of them mobile terminal
It arranges, receiving array described in another carrying.Certainly, mimo antenna system is settable between the mobile terminal and the base station, wherein moving
Emission array described in a carrying, receiving array described in another carrying are selected in dynamic terminal and base station.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) present invention solves the design of the high channel capacity mimo system in multipath channel, with high directivity MIMO array element
Problem, and the application is that high channel capacity, the compact mimo antenna battle array of array element are radiated in multipath channel, with high directivity
Realization provides important solution.
2) for the radiation array element of highly directive in the present invention, in the beam position and channel by emitting and receiving array element
High channel capacity is realized in the matching of the multipath angle of departure and angle of arrival, the strong direction that mimo antenna array element can be made full use of to radiate
Property and wireless channel in multipath transmisstion characteristic, and both can make organically in conjunction with come the MIMO that obtains a high channel capacity
Communication system.
3) the invention proposes it is a kind of can be applied in multipath channel, the high channel with high directivity mimo antenna array element
The compact mimo antenna battle array design theory of capacity.It is more in beam direction and channel in the present invention by emitting and receiving array element
The matching of the diameter angle of departure and angle of arrival may be implemented to obtain one under the premise of the compactedness of the antenna array structure of holding completely
The mimo channel matrix of order, when the array element port spacing of antenna array in transmitting terminal and receiving end is zero, it is also possible to obtain one
The mimo system of full freedom degree, this is in the mimo system based on omnidirectional radiation array element and the matched highly directive spoke of non-multipath
It penetrates and is difficult to realize in the mimo system of array element.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing；
Fig. 1 is the mimo system schematic diagram in direct projection channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the directionality of Gaussian beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention describes；
Fig. 3 is wave beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the matched mimo system design diagram of multipath；
Fig. 4 (a) is the MIMO system in two multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention under wave beam and multipath match condition
System schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 (b) is the MIMO in two multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention under wave beam and the non-match condition of multipath
System schematic；
Fig. 5 (a) is directional antenna in two multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention and free space channel
The result schematic diagram that mimo channel capacity gain changes with transmitting-receiving array element spacing；
Fig. 5 (b) is that the mimo channel of omnidirectional antenna in two multipath channels provided by the invention and free space channel holds
The result schematic diagram that flow gain changes with transmitting-receiving array element spacing；
Fig. 6 (a) is that wave beam and the matched mimo system of multipath are illustrated in three multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 6 (b) is wave beam and the not matched mimo system schematic diagram of multipath in three multipath channels provided by the invention；
Fig. 7 (a) is directional antenna in three multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention and free space channel
The result schematic diagram that mimo channel capacity gain changes with transmitting-receiving array element spacing；
Fig. 7 (b) is the MIMO of omnidirectional antenna in three multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention and free space channel
The result schematic diagram that channel capacity gain changes with transmitting-receiving array element spacing；
Fig. 8 be three multipath channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention in wave beam matched with multipath mimo channel capacity gain with
The variation schematic diagram of bay radiation directivity.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The model that the present invention protects all should belong in member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
It encloses.
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
In mimo systems, channel capacity is with the increase of dual-mode antenna port number and linearly increasing premise is to channel
The utilization of spatial multiplex gains, and in order to obtain biggish spatial multiplex gains, it is desirable that mimo system can obtain sufficiently large
Spatial degrees of freedom.The spatial degrees of freedom of one mimo system refers to the parallel sub-channels number that it can be supported, and is equal to mimo channel
The number of its nonzero eigenvalue of the sum of ranks of matrix H, therefore the system in order to obtain a full freedom degree, it is desirable that with full rank
Mimo channel matrix, i.e. Rank (H)=N, wherein assuming N=Nt=Nr, NtAnd NrThe respectively transmitting of mimo system and receiving end
Mouth number.In order to obtain the mimo channel matrix of full rank, for the bay of omnidirectional radiation, it is desirable that the array element end of launching antenna array
The array element port spacing d of mouth spacing dt and receiving antenna arrayrWill be sufficiently large, and required dtAnd drWith multipath in channel
Abundant degree is closely related, and the transmitting of the minimum needed for multipath environment more abundant and reception array element spacing are generally half
Wavelength may reach 5-10 wavelength in the sparse environment of multipath, and in the direct projection channel of no multipath transmisstion, it is required
It is then bigger to receive and dispatch array element spacing.
For the direct projection channel of no multipath transmisstion, far field plane wave propagation and omnidirectional antenna array element are considered, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, transmitting and receiving port number are respectively NtAnd Nr, transmitting and reception array element port spacing are respectively dtAnd dr, receive and dispatch battle array distance
R, it is assumed that it is θ that the plane wave from the 1st transmitting antenna, which reaches and receives the angle of battle array,1, in this way, corresponding to the 1st transmitting antenna
Reception signal phasor can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, λ is free space wavelength, therefore, channel matrix
It can be write as H=[h1 h2 ... hNt], work as θ1When tending to 0, H can be close to one complete 1 matrix, and therefore, its order is 1, also
It is to say that a mimo channel can be degenerated to a SISO (single-input single-output) channel, it can not be effectively
Obtain spatial multiplex gains.In actual direct projection channel, reception and transmission range R is bigger, and mimo channel degradation phenomena can be more serious, when
When R is smaller, it just will appear linear independent between these signal phasors.When only meeting orthogonality between these signal phasors,
The channel matrix of a full rank could be obtained, to obtain biggish channel capacity.In order to meet such condition, it is desirable that meet
Formula:
It can be seen that, in direct projection channel, answered from formula (1) in order to obtain channel matrix and the biggish space of full rank
With gain, it is desirable that transmitting-receiving array element spacing is sufficiently large, for example, if dt=1 λ, R=10m, Nr=4, then in order to meet equation (1),
Dr=2.5m is needed, therefore, the size of entire receiving antenna array is greater than 2.5m × 3=7.5m, Just because of this, limits
Application of the MIMO technology in direct projection channel and Sparse multi-path channel.
Design and analysis above with respect to mimo antenna array are all based on omnidirectional antenna array element radiation characteristic, that is, do not have
Directive radiation, this hypothesis when frequency is lower (such as 6GHz or less) is reasonable, however, working as the work of mimo antenna
Working frequency is more than 6GHz, even up to millimeter wave frequency band (30GHz-300GHz), due to wireless signal in spatial its pass
Loss is broadcast with square increase of frequency, therefore in mimo system at high working frequencies, using direction-free low gain
Antenna can no longer meet requirement to constitute a mimo antenna unit.
Below by taking the working frequency range of mimo antenna array is in 30-300GHz as an example, it is specifically described.It needs to illustrate
, mimo antenna array working frequency range in addition to can be the millimeter wave frequency band range, apply also for 6GHz or more other frequency
Segment limit is naturally applicable also to other low frequency segment limits.
In view of millimeter wave wireless channel has the characteristics that sparse multipath, we have studied the mimo antennas for being directed to this feature
The design problem of array.
Firstly, we make each mimo antenna array element gain with higher, such as 20dBi, and high-gain can be adjoint
The highly directive of aerial radiation can generate the channel entirely different with omnidirectional radiation array element for directive radiation array element
Characteristic.
Secondly, the directional radiation based on millimeter wave mimo antenna array element, we have proposed a kind of based on wave beam and more
The matched millimeter wave mimo antenna battle array mentality of designing of diameter.
The prior art is the mimo antenna battle array design based on isotropic directivity radiation array element mostly, and is radiated for highly directive
The mimo antenna array of array element and the design of system, there is presently no specific design theories.Here, we have proposed a kind of needles
To theory involved by the aerial array and the array in the millimeter wave mimo system of directional radiation array element.
In general, the directionality of each transmitting and receiving port can use a height in directive mimo antenna battle array
This wave beam describes: E (θ)=exp (- θ2/θ0 2), wherein θ0It is 8.7dB half beam width, θ0It is smaller, it is meant that the direction of wave beam
Property is stronger, has been presented in Fig. 2 θ0Wave beam at=5 °, 10 °, 20 °, 40 °.
Emission array and receiving array as shown in figure 3, the mimo antenna array designed by us, in the aerial array
It include having directive radiation array element, it is right in the beam direction and multipath channel of the transmitting array element port of the emission array
The distinguishable route matching alignment answered, the beam direction of the reception array element port of the receiving array are corresponding with multipath channel
Distinguishable route matching alignment.
In one embodiment, the main beam direction angle of the transmitting array element port is corresponding with the multipath channel can
The angle of departure in the path of resolution is equal；The main beam direction angle for receiving array element port is corresponding with the multipath channel can
The angle of arrival in the path of resolution is equal.
In one embodiment, transmitting array element port spacing adjacent in the emission array is more than or equal to zero；And/or institute
Reception array element port spacing adjacent in receiving array is stated more than or equal to zero.Optionally, transmitting adjacent in the emission array
Adjacent reception array element port spacing can be equal in array element port spacing and the receiving array, and is all larger than equal to zero.Certainly,
In other embodiments, adjacent transmitting array element port spacing and adjacent reception array element port spacing are settable unequal.
In addition, it should be noted that, the spacing between adjacent transmitting array element port can also be set other than it can be equidistant
Unequal spacing is set, may be, for example, the array element arrangement that spacing is gradually increased or gradually decreased.Likewise, adjacent reception array element port
Between spacing other than it can be equidistant, also settable unequal spacing may be, for example, what spacing was gradually increased or gradually decreased
Array element arrangement.
In one embodiment, the transmitting array element port number and receive array element port number with can in the multipath channel
The number of passes of resolution is equal, and is zero in adjacent transmitting array element port spacing and adjacent reception array element port spacing
When, the channel matrix of full rank can be obtained.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that there are the distinguishable path of N item in channel,
The angle of departure and angle of arrival of k paths are respectively θAOD-kAnd θAOA-k, k is integer and satisfaction 1≤k≤N.The path includes anti-
At least one of rays diameter, scattering path and direct path.Preferably, the path includes at least reflection path and/or dissipates
Rays diameter.
The mimo antenna array includes emission array TxWith receiving array Rx, transmitting-receiving battle array distance is R.Wherein, emission array
TxWith NtA transmitting array element port, adjacent transmission array element port spacing are dt, the main beam direction of i-th of transmitting array element port
For θt-i, i is integer and satisfaction 1≤i≤Nt.Receiving array RxWith Nr reception array element port, between adjacent reception array element port
It is θ away from the main beam direction for dr, j-th of reception array element portr-j, j is integer and satisfaction 1≤j≤Nr.The emission array
It include having directive radiation array element with receiving array.Enabling can divide in the port number and channel of transmitting and reception mimo antenna
The multipath number distinguished is equal, and the angular alignment of setting out of the main beam of i-th of emission port and kth multipath, j-th of receiving port
Main beam and kth multipath arrival angular alignment, that is, meet condition (1): θt-i=θAOD-k, θr-j=θAOA-k, Nt=Nr=N.
It should be noted that main beam direction, which refers to, may many wave beams, maximum gain is main beam, its side
To as main beam direction.
It realizes the angle of departure of main beam direction and multipath or reaches angular alignment, it can be different for different antenna structures
Implementation.For example, can be realized by beam forming, it may include suitable for stationary applica-tions analogy method and be suitable for
The digital method of stationary applica-tions and mobile communication occasion.Specifically, digital method can using phased array and adaptive beam at
The technologies such as shape；And analogy method can be realized by the wave beam control technique in some high-gain aerials.
In the present embodiment, the numerical value of described i, j and k are equal, at this time emit array element port, receive array element port with it is suitable
The path of sequence corresponds.Certainly, i, j and k numerical value can be also adjusted according to practical application request is other different numerical value.
Calculated result shows to work as d using wave beam and the matched mimo antenna Array Design of multipath is based on abovet>=0, dr≥
When 0, the channel matrix of full rank can be obtained.Especially, when mimo antenna Array Design meets condition (1), in dt=0, dr
When=0, the channel matrix of full rank can be also obtained.In this way, can get the mimo antenna battle array for having both high channel capacity and compact
Column.
The matching of the multipath angle of departure and angle of arrival in beam direction and channel in the present invention by emitting and receiving array element,
The mimo channel matrix that a full rank is obtained under the premise of keeping the compactedness of antenna array structure may be implemented, when transmitting terminal and
When the array element port spacing of antenna array is zero in receiving end, it is also possible to obtain the mimo system of a full freedom degree.
Number in the present invention by setting bay is equal with multipath number, can be fully using brought by multipath
Freedom degree, and the mimo channel matrix an of full rank can also be obtained when array element port spacing is zero.Certainly, in other implementations
In mode, emit the settable difference of quantity of array element port number and multiple paths, and receive array element port number and multiple paths
Quantity may also set up difference.
It should be noted that formation shown in Fig. 3 assumes that the equivalent center of each port is uniformly listed on straight line
The case where, for other formations, principle is similar, and details are not described herein.
It should also be noted that, the emission array and receiving array include having directive radiation array element, it is described
Having directive radiation array element is to have the radiation array element of high-gain, and the radiation array element with high-gain can pass through number or mould
Intend the modes such as beamf orming array to realize.
In order to verify the validity designed above, we carry out the performance of the mimo system of this directional radiation
It studies and is compared with the performance of the mimo antenna battle array of omnidirectional radiation array element.Wherein, in directive mimo antenna battle array
In, the directionality of each transmitting and receiving port is described with a Gaussian beam: E (θ)=exp (- θ2/θ0 2), wherein θ0It is
8.7dB half beam width, θ0It is smaller, it is meant that the directionality of wave beam is stronger, has been presented in Fig. 2 θ0=5 °, 10 °, 20 ° and 40 °
When wave beam.
In a pure direct projection channel, for far field plane wave propagation and omnidirectional antenna array element, mimo channel matrix H
In each element hM, nIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, rM, nIt is the distance between n-th of transmitting antenna and m-th of receiving antenna, f is working frequency.
When there are the distinguishable multipaths of N item in channel, and consider directive bay, in mimo channel matrix H
Each element hM, nIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, ri；M, nIt is the distance of n-th of transmitting antenna and m-th of receiving antenna along i-th multipath,It is the directional diagram of n-th of transmitting antenna,WithIt is i-th multipath respectively in horizontal plane and vertical plane
The angle of departure,It is the directional diagram of m-th of receiving antenna,WithIt is i-th of multipath respectively in horizontal plane
With the angle of arrival of vertical plane.
Generally its channel capacity is investigated in the performance study of mimo system, its calculation formula is:
Here I is unit matrix, and Nt is the array number of transmitting antenna array, and SNR is received signal to noise ratio, is set as 20dB,
It is the conjugate transposition of matrix H, wherein H is normalized according to defined below,||·||FIndicate Leibnitz
Norm.Definition in this way can eliminate influence of the absolute value of received signal power to mimo channel capacity, preferably body
The relationship between radio wave propagation characteristic and mimo channel characteristic in existing channel.
In addition, the spatial reuse performance in order to more intuitively reflect a mimo system, it is proposed that being held with mimo channel
Flow gain capacity gain (CG) this parameter describes the spatial multiplex gains of mimo channel, is defined as
CG=CMIMO/CSISO (5)
Illustrate that a mimo system, can also for the multiple of the SISO system channel capacity of identical average received signal-to-noise ratio
For describing the freedom degree of a mimo system.
Next, we are in multipath channel, different mimo antenna Array Designs and different parameters situation are to mimo channel
Capacity gain result is studied, and in order to facilitate calculating and describing, is enabled between transmitting array element port spacing and reception array element port
Away from equal, i.e. dt=dr.It is divided into two kinds of situations below to be illustrated:
1) for two multipaths the case where
The case where there are 2 multipaths in channel is primarily looked at, as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), wherein one is direct projection letter
Number, another comes from background return, and this channel model is more common in outdoor RF wireless communication.Wave beam in Fig. 4 (a)
With the case where be allow the 1st emission port wave beam be aligned direct path the angle of departure, the wave beam collimation of the 1st receiving port
The angle of arrival of rays diameter, the angle of departure of the wave beam alignment reflection path of the 2nd emission port, the wave beam pair of the 2nd receiving port
The angle of arrival in quasi-reflection path.The case where beam direction does not match with multipath is given in Fig. 4 (b), i.e. transmitting and receiving port
Wave beam all point to the same direction.
Using above formula (2)-(5), provides in Fig. 5 (a) and believe corresponding to mimo system shown in Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b)
Road capacity gain is with transmitting-receiving array element spacing variation as a result, and comparing with the case where omnidirectional antenna.Wherein reflecting surface is examined
Consider the boundary perfect electric conductor (PEC), working frequency f is 28GHz, and λ is the wavelength of signal in free space, transmitting and receiving antenna
Battle array height: ht=hr=250 λ emit and receive the distance of battle array: R=500 λ, the parameter of Gaussian beam in directional antenna: θ0
=5 °, a direct path is wherein only considered the case where free space.
From in Fig. 5 (a) as it can be seen that in the channel for having 2 multipaths, bay stronger for directionality, when wave beam side
To after being matched with multipath direction, when transmitting-receiving array element spacing is all, i.e. dt=dr=0, the mimo channel capacity gain that can be obtained
(freedom degree) also can achieve 2, if beam direction and multipath mismatch, need the array element spacing of 15 wavelength that could obtain
2 freedom degrees, but for free space channel, because only that a direct signal, so can be obtained by multipath matching
Freedom degree also very little.And for omnidirectional antenna, as shown in Fig. 5 (b), the influence there are 2 multipaths to mimo channel capacity can go out
Now random and concussion effect can not obtain higher mimo channel freedom degree when receiving and dispatching array element spacing is all 0.
2) for three multipaths the case where
Consider that there are the channels of three multipaths, reflection signal including direct signal, from ground and from ceiling
Signal is reflected, as shown in 6 (a) and 6 (b).The matched situation of wave beam is to allow i-th (i=1,2,3) a emission port in Fig. 6 (a)
Wave beam alignment kth (k=1,2,3) multipath the angle of departure, the wave beam of jth (j=1,2,3) a receiving port is directed at kth (k
=1,2,3) angle of arrival of multipath gives the case where beam direction does not match with multipath in Fig. 6 (b), that is, emits and receive
The wave beam of port all points to the same direction.
It provides in Fig. 7 (a) and becomes corresponding to mimo system channel capacity gain shown in Fig. 6 (a) with transmitting-receiving array element spacing
Change as a result, and being compared with the case where omnidirectional antenna.Wherein reflecting surface considers the boundary perfect electric conductor (PEC), work
Frequency f is 28GHz, and λ is the wavelength of signal in free space, transmitting and receiving antenna array height: ht=hr=250 λ, transmitting and
Receive the distance of battle array: R=500 λ, ceiling is at a distance from ground: 350 λ, the parameter of Gaussian beam in directional antenna: θ0
=5 °, a direct path is wherein only considered the case where free space.
From in Fig. 7 (a) as it can be seen that in the channel for having 3 multipaths, bay stronger for directionality, when wave beam side
To after matching with multipath direction, when transmitting-receiving array element spacing is all 0, the freedom degree that can be obtained also can achieve 3, if wave beam side
It is mismatched to multipath direction, then needs the array element spacing of 10 wavelength or more that could obtain 3 freedom degrees, but for free sky
Between channel, because only that a direct signal, so the freedom degree that can be obtained by multipath matching also very little.And if it is complete
To antenna, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), the influence there are 3 multipaths to mimo channel capacity will appear random and concussion effect, when
When transmitting-receiving array element spacing is all 0, higher mimo channel freedom degree can not be obtained.
In fig. 8, it gives this wave beam and matches the performance of mimo system with multipath with the change of bay radiation directivity
It is changing as a result, wherein Gaussian beam half beam width θ0Respectively 10 ° and 20 °, setting and the multipath in Fig. 7 (a) of other parameters
The case where matching, is identical.
Comparison diagram 8 and Fig. 7 (a) this as it can be seen that be based in wave beam and the matched mimo system of multipath, when bay
Directionality is stronger, and the MIMO freedom degree of acquisition is bigger, works as θ0When increasing to 20 ° from 5 °, mimo channel freedom degree is declined slightly, but
For θ0=20 ° of the case where, can be with for one 3 × 3 mimo system when receiving and dispatching array element spacing all very littles, such as 0.2 λ
The freedom degree of acquisition is also close to 2.7, it can therefore be seen that is proposed in the present invention is this based on wave beam and the matched MIMO of multipath
System can utilize the highly directive of bay radiation and the multipath transmisstion characteristic of wireless channel well.
It should be noted that when multipath number is more in channel, the port number and channel of the mimo system that can be supported
Freedom degree can be bigger, and analysis method is similar, and details are not described herein.
From two kinds of situations are given above it is obvious that emitting and receiving if beam direction and multipath mismatch
The spacing of end bay port, which will reach 10 wavelength or more just, can obtain the mimo channel matrix of a full rank, and use
Our method is matched by setting beam direction with multipath, and array element spacing can be the zero MIMO letter that can be obtained full rank
Road matrix greatly reduces the size of mimo antenna battle array.
The present invention also provides a kind of mobile terminal, the mobile terminal carries above-described emission array；Or it is described
Mobile terminal carries receiving array described in first aspect or carries receiving array described in first aspect.
In addition, the mimo antenna system is the aerial system of full freedom degree the present invention also provides a kind of mimo antenna system
System comprising above-described mimo antenna array.Specifically, mimo antenna system is settable between multiple mobile terminals,
Emission array described in a carrying, receiving array described in another carrying are selected in two of them mobile terminal.Certainly, mimo antenna
System may also set up between the mobile terminal and the base station, wherein select emission array described in a carrying in mobile terminal and base station,
Receiving array described in another carrying.
The serial number of the above embodiments of the invention is only for description, does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath, which is characterized in that the transmitting battle array in the aerial array
Column and receiving array include having directive radiation array element, the beam direction of the transmitting array element port of the emission array and
Corresponding distinguishable route matching alignment in multipath channel, the beam direction of the receptions array element port of the receiving array with it is more
Corresponding distinguishable route matching alignment in diameter channel.
2. mimo antenna array according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main beam direction of the transmitting array element port
Angle is equal with the angle of departure in distinguishable path corresponding in the multipath channel；
Main beam direction angle and the angle of arrival in distinguishable path corresponding in the multipath channel for receiving array element port
It is equal.
3. mimo antenna array according to claim 1, which is characterized in that adjacent transmitting array element in the emission array
Port spacing is more than or equal to zero；And/or
Adjacent reception array element port spacing is more than or equal to zero in the receiving array.
4. mimo antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the transmitting array element port number and reception
Array element port number is equal with distinguishable number of passes in the multipath channel, and in adjacent transmitting array element port spacing and
When adjacent reception array element port spacing is zero, the channel matrix of full rank can be obtained.
5. mimo antenna array according to claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the directive radiation battle array of tool
Member is that have the radiation array element of high-gain, and the radiation array element with high-gain is by number or analog beam orming array come real
It is existing.
6. one kind is based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna array of multipath characterized by comprising
Emission array has NtA transmitting array element port, adjacent transmission array element port spacing are dt, i-th of transmitting array element port
Beam direction is θt-i, wherein i is integer and meets 1≤i≤Nt；
Receiving array has NrA reception array element port, adjacent reception array element port spacing are dr, j-th of reception array element port
Beam direction is θr-j, wherein j is integer and meets 1≤j≤Nr；
If there are the distinguishable paths of N item in multipath channel, the angle of departure and angle of arrival of kth paths are respectively θAOD-kWith
θAOA-k, wherein k is integer and meets 1≤k≤N；
The emission array and receiving array include having directive radiation array element, and meet condition: θt-i=θAOD-k, θr-j
=θAOA-k, Nt=Nr=N.
7. mimo antenna array according to claim 6, which is characterized in that work as dt=0, drWhen=0, full rank can be obtained
Channel matrix.
8. mimo antenna array according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that the numerical value of described i, j and k are equal.
9. a kind of mobile terminal, which is characterized in that
The mobile terminal carries described in one of emission array described in one of claim 1-5 or carrying claim 6-8
Emission array；Or
The mobile terminal carries described in one of receiving array described in one of claim 1-5 or carrying claim 6-8
Receiving array.
10. a kind of be based on wave beam and the matched mimo antenna system of multipath, which is characterized in that the mimo antenna system is completely certainly
By the antenna system spent comprising described in one of mimo antenna array or claim 6-8 described in one of claim 1-5
Mimo antenna array.
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Application publication date: 20181221 |