CN109065948A - Solid lithium battery, solid polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid lithium battery, solid polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solid polymer electrolyte membrane, solid lithium battery and amino acid-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, wherein, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane includes polymer and lithium salts, and the mass ratio of the polymer and lithium salts is 1-3:1;The polymer is the copolymer of amino acid, starch and PEO, and the lithium salts is LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiTFSI、LiAsF6、Li B(C2O4)2(Li BOB)、Li SO2CF3(Li Tf) more than one.Solid electrolyte proposed by the present invention has higher thermal stability, ionic conductivity, the multiplying power and good cycle of corresponding battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid lithium battery technical field more particularly to a kind of solid lithium batteries, solid polymer electricity
Solve matter film and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The energy is developing national economy and the main matter uplifted the people's living standard basis, and directly affects economic hair
One key factor of exhibition.Since the 21th century, shortage of resources, environmental pollution brought by traditional energy utilization patterns,
The problems such as greenhouse effects, becomes increasingly conspicuous, and improves energy resource structure, develops efficient, clean new energy and has become global common recognition.Lithium
Ion battery receives the blueness of people due to superior performances such as its is safe and environment-friendly, high-energy-density and good chemical properties
It looks at.But lithium ion battery of the commercialization containing liquid organic solvent, due to liquid electrolyte and electrode material, encapsulating material
It slowly interacts and reacts, solvent is easy dry, volatilization, leakage when long service, and electrode material is easy to be corroded, and influences
Battery life.In recent years, there is serious safe thing in terms of electric car, aircraft auxiliary power in high capacity lithium ion battery
Therefore the cause of these problems is related using flammable organic solvent with lithium ion battery.Using solid electrolyte, then can keep away
The side reaction of liquid electrolyte bring, leakage, etching problem are opened, to be expected to significantly extend service life and fundamentally protect
The safety of lithium ion battery is demonstrate,proved, energy density is improved, cyclicity, service life, reduces battery cost.Therefore, it is suitable to select
Solid electrolyte material be battery design core content, develop the solid electrolyte that has excellent performance for developing all solid lithium
Battery is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of solid lithium battery, solid polymer electrolyte membrane and its preparations
Method, it is intended to prepare the electrolytic thin-membrane with high safety, high ionic conductivity, and be applied in solid lithium battery
In, to realize the normal charge and discharge of battery at room temperature.
To achieve the above object, solid polymer electrolyte membrane provided by the invention includes polymer and lithium salts, described
The mass ratio of polymer and lithium salts is 1-3:1;The polymer is the copolymer of amino acid, starch and PEO, and the lithium salts is
LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiTFSI、LiAsF6、Li B(C2O4)2(Li BOB)、Li SO2CF3(Li Tf) more than one.
Preferably, the amino acid includes glutamic acid or arginine.
To achieve the above object, solid lithium battery provided by the invention include the folded anode set, solid-state electrolyte layer and
Cathode, the solid-state electrolyte layer are solid polymer electrolyte membrane of any of claims 1 or 2.
To achieve the above object, amino acid provided by the invention-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte
The following steps are included:
(1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer
Electronic balance weighing starch and amino acid are used in argon gas glove box, wherein mole of starch monomer and amino acid
Than for 30-50:1, the amino acid includes glutamic acid or arginine;Starch and amino acid are placed in the single port with gas valve
In flask, wherein condenser pipe and the three-way valve with balloon are connect in the single-necked flask, to constitute reactor;Into flask
Dimethyl sulfoxide is added and is stirred under an argon atmosphere with magnetic heating stirrer;After stirring completely, KH560 is added, uses
Magnetic heating stirrer stirring, obtains amino acid-starch polymer of clear gum;
(2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte
Amino acid-starch, PEO and lithium salts are mixed in argon gas glove box, and use magnetic heating stirrer at room temperature
The uniform solution of stirring to obtain;Solution is cast on mold and is heated, amino acid-starch-PEO polymer solid electrolyte is obtained
Matter.
Preferably, after dimethyl sulfoxide being added in the step (1), especially by oil bath, with 300- at 75-95 DEG C
The revolving speed of 800rmp is stirred 10-50min.
Preferably, specifically continuous with the revolving speed of 700-850rmp at 75-95 DEG C after KH560 being added in the step (1)
Stir 10h or more.
Preferably, the quality of the lithium salts in the step (2) is the 25%- of amino acid-starch, PEO and lithium salts gross mass
50%.
Preferably, specifically used magnetic heating stirrer with the revolving speed of 800-1200rmp stirs 10h in the step (2)
More than.
Preferably, 6-12h specifically is heated at 40-80 DEG C on mold in the step (2).
Preferably, the structure of the amino acid-starch polymer are as follows:
Technical solution of the present invention bring has the beneficial effect that:
(1) with lithium ion battery often with electrolyte compared with, amino acid proposed by the present invention-starch-PEO polymer solids electricity
Solution matter has higher security performance and thermal stability.
(2) compared to pure PEO electrolyte, conductivity is improved nearly 2 orders of magnitude by the modification of amino acid.
(3) compared to the polymer dielectric of PEO and amino acid, amino acid proposed by the present invention-starch-PEO polymer
Solid electrolyte has higher conductivity in 25-50 DEG C of temperature range.
(4) battery capacity of amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte solid lithium battery has been used to pass
4 times of system liquid phosphoric acid lithium iron battery, circulating battery is good.
(5) silane coupling agent KH-560 (chemical formula CH2-CH(O)CH2-O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3), it is a kind of excellent glue
Promotor is connect, the preparation of acrylic coating is commonly applied to.In the present invention, amino acid-starch is crosslinked using KH560,
Amino acid-starch polymer is obtained with this.And this polymer is combined together with having the flexible PEO of extra-heavy, energy
Obtain the copolymer solid electrolyte film of novel high flexibility, high mechanical strength, high-lithium ion conducting power.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte preparation route figure.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is intended to be described in further details the content of present invention, rather than protects to the claims in the present invention
The limitation of range.
Embodiment 1
Step (1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer: electronic balance weighing is used in argon gas glove box.Weigh the shallow lake 0.5g
Powder, 0.0113g glutamic acid are in the single-necked flask with gas valve.Condenser pipe and the threeway with balloon are connect in single-necked flask
Valve constitutes reactor, vacuumizes to reactor, applying argon gas, repeatedly three times.After the completion, 10g dimethyl sulfoxide is added
(DMSO) solvent is in flask, with Ar protection, oil bath heating 20 minutes, is heated with magnetic heating stirrer at 90 DEG C, 500rmp
Stirring;After 30 minutes are completely dissolved, 0.74g KH560, which is added, is crosslinked starch, with 90 DEG C of magnetic heating stirrer, 750rmp item
It reacts and stirs 12 hours under part.After reaction, glutamic acid-starch polymer of clear gum is obtained.
Step (2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte: whole process in argon gas glove box into
Row.Amino acid-starch solution, polyoxyethylene (PEO) are mixed with 40wt% lithium salts (LiTFSI);It is stirred at room temperature with magnetic force heating
Device is mixed, 1000rmp obtains uniform solution after stirring 12 hours, solution is cast in the anode cover of CR2025 battery, 60
DEG C heating 10 hours after, obtain the flexible solid electrolytic thin-membrane that thickness is about 0.8mm: glutamic acid-starch-PEO-LiTFSI.
Amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte preparation route figure please refers to Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2
Step (1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer: electronic balance weighing is used in argon gas glove box.Weigh the shallow lake 0.5g
Powder, 0.013g arginine.It is added in three-necked flask, 10g DMSO solvent is added with syringe, is stirred using magnetic heating stirrer
Mixing injection 0.73gKH560 after forty minutes is crosslinked starch.90 DEG C, magnetic heating stirrer continuously stirs 12 under the conditions of 800rmp
Arginine-starch polymer of clear gum is obtained after hour.
Step (2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte: whole process in argon gas glove box into
Row.By amino acid-starch solution, PEO and 30wt% lithium salts (LiBF4) mixing;Magnetic heating stirrer is used at room temperature,
1000rmp obtains uniform solution after stirring 12 hours, solution is cast in the anode cover of CR2025 battery, heats at 60 DEG C
After 10 hours, the flexible solid electrolytic thin-membrane that thickness is about 0.8mm: arginine-starch-PEO-LiBF is obtained4。
Embodiment 3
Step (1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer: electronic balance weighing is used in argon gas glove box.Weigh the shallow lake 0.4g
Powder, 0.009g glutamic acid are in the single-necked flask with gas valve.Condenser pipe and the threeway with balloon are connect in single-necked flask
Valve constitutes reactor, vacuumizes to reactor, applying argon gas, repeatedly three times.After the completion, 8g dimethyl sulfoxide is added
(DMSO) solvent is in flask, with Ar protection, oil bath heating 15 minutes, is heated with magnetic heating stirrer at 80 DEG C, 400rmp
Stirring;After 30 minutes are completely dissolved, 0.7g KH560, which is added, is crosslinked starch, with 80 DEG C of magnetic heating stirrer, 800rmp item
It reacts and stirs 11 hours under part.After reaction, glutamic acid-starch polymer of clear gum is obtained.
Step (2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte: whole process in argon gas glove box into
Row.Amino acid-starch solution, polyoxyethylene (PEO) are mixed with 40wt% lithium salts (LiTFSI);It is stirred at room temperature with magnetic force heating
Device is mixed, 1100rmp obtains uniform solution after stirring 11 hours, solution is cast in the anode cover of CR2025 battery, 70
DEG C heating 8 hours after, obtain the flexible solid electrolytic thin-membrane that thickness is about 0.9mm: glutamic acid-starch-PEO-LiTFSI.
Embodiment 4
Step (1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer: electronic balance weighing is used in argon gas glove box.Weigh the shallow lake 0.6g
Powder, 0.015g arginine.It is added in three-necked flask, 15g DMSO solvent is added with syringe, is stirred using magnetic heating stirrer
Mixing injection 0.83gKH560 after forty minutes is crosslinked starch.90 DEG C, magnetic heating stirrer continuously stirs 12 under the conditions of 800rmp
Arginine-starch polymer of clear gum is obtained after hour.
Step (2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte: whole process in argon gas glove box into
Row.By amino acid-starch solution, PEO and 30wt% lithium salts (LiBF4) mixing;Magnetic heating stirrer is used at room temperature,
1000rmp obtains uniform solution after stirring 12 hours, solution is cast in the anode cover of CR2025 battery, heats at 50 DEG C
After 10 hours, the flexible solid electrolytic thin-membrane that thickness is about 0.8mm: arginine-starch-PEO-LiBF is obtained4。
It is real that the amino acid obtained to above-described embodiment-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte film carries out fire resisting test
It tests: amino acid-starch-PEO polymer solid electrolyte film is made in battery case, and be placed on and have been heated to 191 DEG C of electricity
On hot plate, after 20 seconds, the shape of solid electrolyte film has deformation, but does not burn;And by organic electrolyte (business lithium from
Sub- battery is often with electrolyte) when dripping in battery case, electrolyte burns (< 1 second) immediately, there is open fire.As a result illustrate, preparation gathers
Closing object solid electrolyte has higher security performance and thermal stability.
By the copolymer solid electrolyte film that above-described embodiment obtains be placed in two panels diameter be 1.6cm stainless steel substrates it
Between, it is packaged in CR2025 button cell, obtains stainless steel/electrolyte/stainless steel button cell for testing conductivity.With
The conductivity of the AC impedence method measurement electrolyte of electrochemical workstation, carries out temperature control to battery with high-low temperature chamber.It is all
Cell assembling processes for testing chemical property carry out in argon atmosphere.It can by ac impedance spectroscopy and calculation formula
Ionic conductivity is calculated.
Table 1 is different aminoacids and amino acid-starch conversion copolymer solid electrolyte conductivity at room temperature
As known from Table 1, compared to pure PEO electrolyte, conductivity is improved nearly 2 orders of magnitude by the modification of amino acid, and
The modification of glutamic acid-Starch synthesis product further improves copolymer solid electrolyte conductivity.Compared to arginine, paddy
Propylhomoserin has better effect, especially glutamic acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte to exist the improvement of electrolytic conductivity
In all conditions studied, highest conductivity at room temperature is shown.
The copolymer solid electrolyte film that above-described embodiment obtains is placed between stainless steel substrates and metal lithium sheet, is encapsulated
In CR2025 button cell, the solid electrolyte battery for electrochemical stability test is obtained.By testing different ammonia
Base acid and amino acid-starch conversion copolymer solid electrolyte electrochemical stability, it is known that, PEO+Glu+Starch, PEO+
Arg and PEO+Glu shows the redox reaction of lithium, i.e., occurs the deposition of lithium metal and dissolution peak near 0V, special
It is not that PEO+Glu electrolyte shows good lithium deposition soluble reversable.And the oxidizing potential of several electrolyte is basic
It is identical, in 5.4V or so, higher than liquid electrolyte~4.2V decomposition electric potential.
According to conductivity test result and electrochemical stability test result, also to PEO+Glu and PEO+Glu+starch
Electrolyte has carried out the research of different temperatures conductivity.Result of study are as follows: in 25~50 DEG C of temperature ranges, PEO+Glu+
The conductivity of Starch is higher, and at 50~100 DEG C, PEO+Glu+Starch and PEO+Glu electrolytic conductivity is essentially identical.
Illustrate at a lower temperature, Glu+Starch synthetic material is more advantageous to the conductivity for promoting solid electrolyte.
All solid state lithium-sulfur cell prepared by the present invention carries out cyclic voltammetric survey under the conditions of 60 DEG C, 0.1C and 80 DEG C, 0.1C
Examination.Test result shows: under the conditions of 60 DEG C, 0.1C, first circle discharge capacity of the cell is 268mAh g-1, capacity is after 7 circles recycle
728mAh g-1, circulating battery is good.Conventional liquid ferric phosphate lithium cell theoretical capacity is 172mAh g-1, prepared by the present invention
Lithium-sulfur cell capacity can achieve 4 times of the battery system.Under the conditions of 80 DEG C, 0.1C, first circle discharge capacity of the cell is
764mAh g-1, capacity is 772mAh g after 4 circles recycle-1, circulating battery is good, and discharge capacity further increases.Circulating battery
It is complete that result verification prepared amino acid-starch conversion copolymer solid electrolyte can be applied to wide temperature (25-80 DEG C)
In solid-state lithium-sulfur cell.In addition, at room temperature, battery shows apparent oxidation and reduction peak, correspond to lithium and sulphur
Reaction, the curve after 5 circle of circulation coincides with the 4th circle, further demonstrate synthesized by the room temperature of solid electrolyte lead lithium
It can be with good electrochemical stability.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solid polymer electrolyte membrane, which is characterized in that including polymer and lithium salts, the polymer and lithium salts
Mass ratio is 1-3:1;The polymer is the copolymer of amino acid, starch and PEO, and the lithium salts is LiClO4、LiPF6、
LiBF4、LiTFSI、LiAsF6、Li B(C2O4)2(Li BOB)、Li SO2CF3(Li Tf) more than one.
2. solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the amino acid includes glutamic acid
Or arginine.
3. a kind of solid lithium battery, which is characterized in that including folded anode, solid-state electrolyte layer and the cathode set, the solid-state
Electrolyte layer is solid polymer electrolyte membrane of any of claims 1 or 2.
4. a kind of amino acid-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which comprises the following steps:
(1) synthesizing amino acid-starch polymer
Electronic balance weighing starch and amino acid are used in argon gas glove box, wherein the molar ratio of starch monomer and amino acid is
30-50:1, the amino acid include glutamic acid or arginine;Starch and amino acid are placed in the single-necked flask with gas valve
In, wherein condenser pipe and the three-way valve with balloon are connect in the single-necked flask, to constitute reactor;It is added into flask
Dimethyl sulfoxide is simultaneously stirred with magnetic heating stirrer under an argon atmosphere;After stirring completely, KH560 is added, uses magnetic force
Heating stirrer stirring, obtains amino acid-starch polymer of clear gum;
(2) synthesizing amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte
Amino acid-starch, PEO and lithium salts are mixed in argon gas glove box, and stirred at room temperature with magnetic heating stirrer
Obtain uniform solution;Solution is cast on mold and is heated, amino acid-starch-PEO copolymer solid electrolyte is obtained.
5. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
After dimethyl sulfoxide is added in the step (1), especially by oil bath, carried out at 75-95 DEG C with the revolving speed of 300-800rmp
Stir 10-50min.
6. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
After KH560 is added in the step (1), 10h or more is specifically continuously stirred with the revolving speed of 700-850rmp at 75-95 DEG C.
7. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
The quality of lithium salts in the step (2) is the 25%-50% of amino acid-starch, PEO and lithium salts gross mass.
8. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
Specifically used magnetic heating stirrer stirs 10h or more with the revolving speed of 800-1200rmp in the step (2).
9. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
6-12h specifically is heated at 40-80 DEG C on mold in the step (2).
10. amino acid as claimed in claim 4-starch-PEO preparation of polymer solid electrolyte, which is characterized in that
The structure of the amino acid-starch polymer are as follows:
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