CN109060875A - The test method of active aluminium content in a kind of aluminium powder - Google Patents
The test method of active aluminium content in a kind of aluminium powder Download PDFInfo
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- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of test method of active aluminium content in aluminium powder, the step of this method, specifically includes that first, the preparation of standard substance aluminium sample；Second, measure the reaction enthalpy of standard substance aluminium sample and sodium hydroxide；Third measures the reaction enthalpy of aluminium powder sample and sodium hydroxide；4th, calculate active aluminium content in aluminium powder.This method is easy to operate, result is reproducible, environment is small on test influence, can satisfy the measurement of active aluminium content in different-grain diameter aluminium powder, is suitable for metal powder performance evaluation evaluation areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of active aluminium content in aluminium powder, are suitable for metal powder performance evaluation and assess.
Background technique
Aluminium powder has the characteristics that density is high, oxygen demand is low, enthalpy of combustion is high, abundant raw materials and at low cost, therefore as containing
Energy additive is widely used in the fields such as explosive wastewater.Aluminium powder especially nanometer aluminium powder surface, which easily aoxidizes, forms oxidation film,
It is only not oxidized with aluminium existing for elemental stage could the heat release in burning or explosive reaction, explosive wastewater energy characteristics is made
Contribution.Often using the mass fraction of activated aluminum as the active evaluation index of aluminium powder in formula.The higher unit mass of active aluminium content
Aluminium powder reaction release energy it is more, explosive wastewater containing aluminium powder formula just has better energy response.
Currently, gas volumetric method is can to react to release hydrogen with sodium hydroxide according to the activated aluminum in aluminium powder, pass through draining
Method measures the volume of hydrogen, to calculate the content of activated aluminum according to the meter for generating hydrogen.Gas volumetric method is suitable for aluminium powder
In be greater than 80% active aluminium content measurement.Disadvantage is that: (1) it is affected by environment larger to test process.Activated aluminum with
The hydrogen that sodium hydroxide reaction generates is under different temperature and humidity environment, and displacement of volume can be impacted, to influence activated aluminum
The calculating of content；(2) air-tightness that process relies on experimental rig is entirely tested.Gas volumetric method is mainly according to activated aluminum and hydrogen
The meter that sodium oxide molybdena reaction generates hydrogen calculates the content of activated aluminum, and the air-tightness quality of experimental rig directly affects activated aluminum and contains
The calculating of amount；(3) aluminium powder active aluminium content test scope is defined.This method is greater than 80% active aluminium content suitable for aluminium powder
Measurement, measure small particle aluminium powder in active aluminium content inaccuracy, limit its application.Therefore, existing gas volumetric method is surveyed
Determine active aluminium content testing experiment method tested person environment, test device in aluminium powder to be affected, is unfavorable for aluminium powder activity especially
It is the active accurate evaluation of nanometer aluminium powder and the explosive wastewater formula energy characteristics evaluation containing aluminium powder.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and defect, the present invention provides a kind of test of active aluminium content in aluminium powder
Method.The measurement of invention active aluminium content in different-grain diameter aluminium powder used suitable for the fields such as energetic material, this method are
The design and optimization of explosive wastewater formula provides reference.
This method testing procedure is as follows:
1) standard substance aluminium surface is polished by physics, and slice obtains standard substance aluminium sample；
2) the standard substance aluminium sample for weighing different quality is put into the glass inner tube of microcalorimeter measuring cell, reference cell
Glass inner tube blank, the sodium hydroxide solution for measuring same volume are respectively placed in outer glass tube in measuring cell and reference cell, will
Glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, and then measuring cell and reference cell are put into low-grade fever calorimetric, glass inner tube and outer tube
Equal deionized water and dehydrated alcohol wash 2~3 times, vacuum drying；
3) after microcalorimeter temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1h, the reference substance of different quality is measured
The reaction heat of matter aluminium sample and sodium hydroxide；
4) glass inner tube that aluminium powder sample is put into microcalorimeter measuring cell, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell, amount are weighed
It takes the sodium hydroxide solution of same volume to be respectively placed in the outer glass tube in measuring cell and reference cell, glass inner tube is set respectively
In outer glass tube, then measuring cell and reference cell are put into low-grade fever calorimetric, glass inner tube and the equal deionized water of outer tube and nothing
Water-ethanol washs 2~3 times, vacuum drying；
5) after microcalorimeter temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1h, aluminium powder sample and hydroxide are measured
The reaction heat of sodium；
6) the standard substance aluminium sample of different quality and the reaction enthalpy of sodium hydroxide are calculated by formula (1):
In formula, ΔrHsUnit be kJ/g；
QsFor the reaction heat of activated aluminum and sodium hydroxide in standard substance aluminium sample, unit kJ；
msFor activated aluminum quality in standard substance aluminium sample, unit g；
7) reaction enthalpy of aluminium and sodium hydroxide is calculated by formula (2):
In formula,Unit is kJ/g；
N is the test number (TN) that different quality standard substance aluminium sample is reacted with sodium hydroxide；
8) active aluminium content in aluminium powder is calculated by formula (3)
In formula, x is active aluminium content in aluminium powder；
QbFor the reaction heat of activated aluminum in aluminium powder and sodium hydroxide, unit kJ；
mbFor aluminium powder quality, unit g；
The invention has the advantages that
1) this method test process is affected by environment smaller.Low-grade fever calorimetric test is under conditions of steady temperature and humidity
It carries out, this ensures that the temperature and humidity every time in experimental enviroment is identical, avoids and shadow is generated to test process because of environment difference
It rings.
2) data that this method is measured using microcalorimeter are accurate, reliable.Microcalorimeter temperature control is accurate, sensitivity
High, high resolution, can in precise measurement aluminium sample activated aluminum and sodium hydroxide reaction heat, to accurately calculate in aluminium powder
Active aluminium content.
3) this method is applied widely, can be used for measuring active aluminium content in the aluminium powder of different activities aluminium content.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention will be further explained explanation.
Embodiment 1
Active aluminium content in 1 30nm aluminium powder
The reaction enthalpy of 1.1 standard substance aluminium samples and sodium hydroxide
It tests glass inner tube and outer tube deionized water used and dehydrated alcohol washs 2~3 times, be dried in vacuo, be allowed to dry dry
Device is spare.Surface grinding process is carried out to standard substance aluminum strip by fine sandpaper, standard substance aluminium sample is prepared using cutter, claims
Amount sample is placed in the glass inner tube of microcalorimeter measuring cell, and the glass inner tube blank of reference cell measures the 25% of same volume
Glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, then by sodium hydroxide solution in the outer glass tube in measuring cell and reference cell
Measuring cell and reference cell are put into microcalorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability (being greater than 1h),
Start to test, two groups of test takes its average value as the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide, and data are shown in Table 1.
1 different quality standard substance aluminium sample of table and sodium hydroxide response data and result
The standard substance aluminium sample of different quality and the reaction enthalpy of sodium hydroxide are calculated using formula (1), the results are shown in Table 1.
The reaction enthalpy of 1.2 aluminium and sodium hydroxide
The reaction enthalpy that aluminium and sodium hydroxide are calculated using formula (2), the results are shown in Table 1.
The reaction enthalpy of 1.3 30nm aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.The 30nm aluminium powder for weighing 7.37mg is placed in low-grade fever
The glass inner tube of calorimeter measuring cell, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell, measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume in
In outer glass tube in measuring cell and reference cell, glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, then by measuring cell and reference
Pond is put into microcalorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.2h, starts to test, and two groups of test takes
Its average value is as the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide.The reaction heat of 30nm aluminium powder and sodium hydroxide can be obtained using low-grade fever calorimetric data
For 49.82J.
Active aluminium content in 1.4 30nm aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 30nm aluminium powder, calculated result 42.76% are calculated using formula (3).Existing gas capacity
Method is only applicable to be greater than the measurement of 80% active aluminium content in aluminium powder, can not in Accurate Determining 30nm aluminium powder activated aluminum content.
(thermogravimetry provide the result is that 48.13%)
Embodiment 2
Active aluminium content in 2 80nm aluminium powders
The reaction enthalpy of 2.1 80nm aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.The 80nm aluminium powder for weighing 5.95mg is placed in low-grade fever
The glass inner tube of the measuring cell of calorimeter, the inner tube blank of reference cell glass measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume
In measuring cell and reference cell outer glass tube, glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, then by measuring cell and reference cell
It is put into microcalorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.5h, starts to test, two groups of test takes it
Average value is as the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide.The anti-of 80nm aluminium powder and sodium hydroxide can be calculated using low-grade fever calorimetric data
Answering heat is 69.24J.
Active aluminium content in 2.2 80nm aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 80nm aluminium powder, calculated result 73.62% are calculated using formula (3).
Embodiment 3
Active aluminium content in 3 150nm aluminium powders
The reaction enthalpy of 3.1 150nm aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.The 150nm aluminium powder for weighing 5.57mg is placed in low-grade fever
The glass inner tube of the measuring cell of calorimeter, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume
In measuring cell and reference cell outer glass tube, glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, then by measuring cell and reference cell
It is put into microcalorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.3h, starts to test, two groups of test takes it
Average value is as the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide.150nm aluminium powder and sodium hydroxide can be calculated using low-grade fever calorimetric data
Reaction enthalpy is 74.37J.
Active aluminium content in 3.2 150nm aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 150nm aluminium powder, calculated result 84.45% are calculated using formula (3).
Embodiment 4
Active aluminium content in 45 μm of aluminium powders
The reaction enthalpy of 4.1 5 μm of aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.5 μm of aluminium powders for weighing 7.13mg are placed in low-grade fever amount
The glass inner tube of the measuring cell of hot instrument, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell, measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume in
In measuring cell and reference cell outer glass tube, glass inner tube is respectively placed in outer glass tube, then puts measuring cell and reference cell
Enter in microcalorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.2h, start to test, two groups of test takes it flat
Mean value is as the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide.Reacting for 5 μm of aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide can be calculated using low-grade fever calorimetric data
Enthalpy is 110.80J.
Active aluminium content in 4.2 5 μm of aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 5 μm of aluminium powders, calculated result 98.29% are calculated using formula (3).
Embodiment 5
Active aluminium content in 58 μm of aluminium powders
The reaction enthalpy of 5.1 8 μm of aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.8 μm of aluminium powders for weighing 9.89mg are placed in low-grade fever amount
The glass inner tube of the measuring cell of hot instrument, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell, measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume in
In measuring cell and reference cell outer glass tube, glass inner tube is placed in outer glass tube, measuring cell and reference cell are put into low-grade fever amount
In hot instrument, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.5h, start to test, two groups of test takes its average value conduct
With the reaction enthalpy of sodium hydroxide.8 μm of aluminium powders, which can be calculated, with the enthalpy that reacts of sodium hydroxide using low-grade fever calorimetric data is
153.78J.Active aluminium content in 5.2 8 μm of aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 8 μm of aluminium powders, calculated result 98.35% are calculated using formula (3).
Embodiment 6
Active aluminium content in 6 24 μm of aluminium powders
The reaction enthalpy of 6.1 24 μm of aluminium powders and sodium hydroxide
Glass inner tube and outer tube utilize 1.1 processed glass inner and outer pipes.24 μm of aluminium powders for weighing 7.65mg are placed in low-grade fever
The glass inner tube of the measuring cell of calorimeter, the glass inner tube blank of reference cell measure 25% sodium hydroxide solution of same volume
In measuring cell and reference cell outer glass tube, glass inner tube is placed in outer glass tube, measuring cell and reference cell are put into low-grade fever
In calorimeter, after temperature constant (25 ± 0.001 DEG C), baseline stability 1.3h, start to test, two groups of test takes its average value to make
For the reaction enthalpy with sodium hydroxide.24 μm of aluminium powders, which can be calculated, with the enthalpy that reacts of sodium hydroxide using low-grade fever calorimetric data is
120.04J。
Active aluminium content in 6.2 24 μm of aluminium powders
Active aluminium content in 24 μm of aluminium powders, calculated result 99.25% are calculated using formula (3).
Claims (3)
1. the test method of active aluminium content in a kind of aluminium powder, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
(1) standard substance aluminium surface is polished, obtains standard substance aluminium sample；
(2) glass inner tube that standard substance aluminium sample is placed in microcalorimeter measuring cell is weighed, reference cell glass inner tube blank is surveyed
The outer glass tube measured in pond and reference cell is sodium hydroxide solution, and glass inner tube is put into outer glass tube respectively, then will
Measuring cell and reference cell are put into microcalorimeter；Temperature is constant, after baseline stability, measurement standard substance aluminium sample and sodium hydroxide
Reaction heat；
(3) " standard substance aluminium sample " in upper step is changed into " aluminium powder sample to be measured ", measures aluminium powder sample and sodium hydroxide to be measured
Reaction heat；
(4) the standard substance aluminium sample of different quality and the reaction enthalpy of sodium hydroxide；
In formula, ΔrHsUnit be kJ/g；
QsFor the reaction heat of activated aluminum and sodium hydroxide in standard substance aluminium sample, unit kJ；
msFor activated aluminum quality in standard substance aluminium sample, unit g；
(5) reaction enthalpy of aluminium and sodium hydroxide；
In formula,Unit is kJ/g；
N is the test number (TN) that different quality standard substance aluminium sample is reacted with sodium hydroxide；
(6) active aluminium content in aluminium powder；
In formula, x is active aluminium content in aluminium powder；
QbFor the reaction heat that activated aluminum in aluminium powder is reacted with sodium hydroxide solution, unit kJ；
mbFor aluminium powder quality, unit g.
2. test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that glass inner tube used in low-grade fever calorimetric test in step (2)
It washed, be dried in vacuo with deionized water and dehydrated alcohol with outer glass tube, in the measuring cell and reference cell of microcalorimeter
Sodium hydroxide solution volume is identical in outer glass tube.
3. test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that reaction steady temperature is 25 ± 0.001 in step (2)
DEG C, the baseline stability time is greater than 1h before reacting.
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