CN109060867B - Multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under action of multiple disaster sources of deep well - Google Patents

Multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under action of multiple disaster sources of deep well Download PDF

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CN109060867B
CN109060867B CN201810930196.2A CN201810930196A CN109060867B CN 109060867 B CN109060867 B CN 109060867B CN 201810930196 A CN201810930196 A CN 201810930196A CN 109060867 B CN109060867 B CN 109060867B
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simulated
goaf
simulation
gas
coal
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CN109060867A (en
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张春
栾铮
孙喜贵
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Liaoning Technical University
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Liaoning Technical University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
    • G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of a deep well, and relates to the technical field of mine safety engineering. The simulation experiment table comprises a stope structure simulation system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system, a data information acquisition and analysis system and a central main control system; the stope structure simulation system is used for simulating the space structure of a stope; the gas emission control system is used for controlling gas emission; the heating control system is used for simulating the geothermal energy of a stope and heating the residual coal in the goaf; the ventilation control system is used for providing wind flow for the simulation stope; the deep well mine pressure control system is used for simulating the pressure of a top plate of a goaf; the multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the simulated spontaneous combustion process of the residual coal in the goaf is high in conformity with the real situation, and the research conclusion and the result are real and reliable.

Description

Multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under action of multiple disaster sources of deep well
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety engineering, in particular to a multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of a deep well.
Background
At present, the number of deep-mined mines is gradually increased in China and the world, deep mining is inevitable in future development of coal mines, and the development process of the mines to the deep is accelerated by expanding the mining scale and improving the mechanization level. At present, hundreds of mines enter the deep mining stage in China, and more mines enter the deep mining stage in the future. Mine fires are one of main disasters threatening the safety production of coal mines, wherein mine fires, namely spontaneous combustion of coal, are mainly used, and more than 90% of mine fires are mine fires. In the mine, because the proportion of the goaf coal spontaneous combustion fire is the largest in the fire, the goaf coal spontaneous combustion and prevention become the main contents for researching the mine fire, and according to statistics, the proportion of mines with natural ignition danger in important coal mines in China is about 51.3%. The spontaneous combustion characteristics of deep mine coal are greatly different from those of shallow mine coal, and in order to efficiently control the spontaneous combustion of deep coal, the research on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of deep mine coal is urgent.
With the increase of the mining depth, factors influencing the spontaneous combustion of the residual coal in the goaf increase, and the influence degree and the influence mode of the factors on the spontaneous combustion of the residual coal are greatly different from those of the shallow part. For example: along with the increase of the mining depth, the stress characteristic of the original rock is changed, the gas content and the pressure of a coal bed are increased, the temperature of a rock stratum is increased under the influence of geothermal heat, the ventilation resistance and the air quantity of a mine are increased, and the like, so that the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal at the deep part is different from that at the shallow part. Meanwhile, the influencing factors such as high ground stress, high ground temperature and the like are disaster sources for deep mining. High ground stress can cause high concentration of stress, and rock burst is formed; high ground temperature can bring heat damage to the mine, and affect the working efficiency and the health of workers. Therefore, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of deep-mined coal are affected by the coupling effect of multiple disaster sources.
At present, two methods, namely numerical simulation and experimental research, are mainly adopted for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal. In experimental research, coal is mostly placed in a closed container, then the container is aerated, loaded, heated and the like, the oxidation heating process of the coal in the container is monitored, the gas components in the container are monitored, and finally parameters of the coal, such as the natural ignition period, the oxidation heating rate, the oxygen consumption intensity, the marker gas and the like, are obtained. The experimental devices mainly study the spontaneous combustion oxidation characteristics of coal, but study the spontaneous combustion rule of residual coal in a goaf is useless.
Aiming at the experimental study of spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal in a goaf during deep mining, the prior art mainly has the following defects: (1) the existing experimental device mainly studies the oxidation and temperature rise characteristics of coal, can obtain some relevant parameters, but cannot study the spontaneous combustion rule of the goaf residual coal, such as the dangerous area and movement rule of the spontaneous combustion of the goaf residual coal, the spontaneous combustion temperature field and change rule of the goaf residual coal, the division and change rule of 'three spontaneous combustion zones' in the goaf, the mutual influence rule of fields (temperature field, seepage field, stress field and concentration field) in the goaf, and the like. (2) In the experimental simulation process of coal spontaneous combustion, the influence of mine pressure on the coal is rarely considered, the coal is loaded according to the characteristics of shallow mine pressure, and the coal is loaded according to the characteristics of deep mine pressure (the deep mine pressure is not only a problem of pressure increase compared with the shallow mine pressure). In addition, when the influence of pressure on the spontaneous combustion of coal is considered, the permeability and the temperature rise process of the coal under different pressures in the loading process can only be researched, namely, the influence on the temperature rise process of the coal under one pressure and one permeability at a certain moment is realized, in the actual mining process, the pressure and the permeability at different positions of a goaf are different, the various permeabilities influence the temperature rise process of the residual coal, and the different permeabilities influence each other, namely, the oxidation temperature rise process of the residual coal is influenced by multiple pressures and multiple permeabilities in the goaf at a certain moment. (3) The existing simulation experiment device rarely considers the influence of gas on the spontaneous combustion of coal, and only considers the fact that the gas is injected into the experiment device, the influence of gas content on the coal oxidation heating process is researched, and the influence of goaf gas emission and gas pressure on goaf air leakage (the influence of goaf air leakage on the spontaneous combustion of residual coal), the influence of goaf gas flowing and concentration distribution on the residual coal heating process, the influence of residual coal oxidation heating on the gas migration rule and the like cannot be researched. In addition, the voidage of the caving rock in the goaf also has great influence on the gas migration rule in the goaf, and the existing experimental device for the relationship between the voidage and the gas migration in the goaf is difficult to study. (4) The influence of the environmental temperature on the coal temperature rise and the mine pressure is not considered. (5) The influence of the air supply quantity and the air supply pressure of the working face on the air leakage quantity of the goaf, the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal and the like are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, provides a multifunctional simulation experiment table capable of researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the left coal in the goaf under the coupling action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well, realizes more scientific and accurate grasp of the spontaneous combustion rule of the left coal in the deep well, and provides a theoretical basis for more effective prevention and control of the left coal in the deep well.
The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well comprises a stope structure simulation system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system, a data information acquisition and analysis system and a central master control system; the stope structure simulation system is used for simulating the space structure of a stope; the gas emission control system is used for controlling gas emission of coal walls, goafs and adjacent layers of a stope, and simulating various gas emission conditions of the stope by controlling gas emission quantities at various positions; the heating control system is used for simulating geothermal energy of a stope and heating the residual coal of the gob, the heating control system is used for heating and controlling the airflow of the simulated stope, heating and controlling the simulated coal wall, the simulated bottom plate, the simulated roadway wall and the simulated coal pillar of the simulated stope, and heating and controlling the oxidation temperature rise process of the residual coal of the gob; the ventilation control system is used for providing wind current for the simulation stope and adjusting the size of the wind current according to simulation conditions; the deep well mine pressure control system is used for simulating the pressure of a top plate of a goaf, the size, the distribution state and the loading mode of the pressure and adjusting according to simulation conditions; the data information acquisition and analysis system is used for acquiring various data in the simulation experiment process and analyzing the acquired data; the central master control system is used for controlling a master power supply of the simulation experiment table, storing data of other systems and carrying out combined analysis on the data of the systems; the system comprises a central main control system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system and a data information acquisition and analysis system, wherein the gas emission control system, the heating control system, the ventilation control system, the deep well mine pressure control system and the data information acquisition and analysis system are all based on a stope structure simulation system, partial elements in the system are installed at corresponding positions in the stope structure simulation system by the systems, the systems are mutually independent and independently controlled, the systems can be independently operated or operated together, the systems are connected with the central main control system through power lines and data lines, the power supply of the systems is obtained through the central main control system, and the systems transmit the obtained experimental data to the central main control system.
Preferably, the stope structure simulation system adopts a U-shaped retreat stope structure and comprises a simulation roadway, a simulation coal face, a simulation goaf and a simulation bottom plate; the simulation roadway is built by adopting cement mortar materials according to a similarity ratio, and the section of the simulation roadway is a rectangular straight roadway; the section of the simulated coal face is also rectangular and is vertical to the simulated roadway; the front part of the simulation working face is a simulation coal body and a simulation coal face coal wall, the rear part of the simulation working face is a simulation goaf, and an upright post is arranged inside the simulation working face and used for supporting the simulation working face and increasing the wind resistance of the simulation working face; the simulated goaf is based on the goaf processed by a total caving method, the front of the simulated goaf is adjacent to a simulated working face, and the left side and the right side of the simulated goaf are provided with simulated coal pillars; simulating filling of residual coal and caving rocks in the goaf, wherein the amount and the distribution rule of the filled residual coal are determined according to experimental requirements or actual conditions on site; the falling rocks are collected on site or made of concrete, and the particle size of the falling rocks is gradually increased from bottom to top during filling or the falling rocks are filled according to actual conditions on site; the simulation bottom plate is located the bottom of stope structure analog system, and simulation tunnel, simulation coal face, simulation collecting space all are located its top, and the simulation bottom plate includes two-layer from top to bottom, and the upper strata is cement mortar watering layer, and the lower floor is the iron sheet layer for improve simulation platform's stability and compressive capacity.
Preferably, the gas emission control system comprises a gas source, a gas release port, a gas flowmeter and a gas release main control box; the gas source is liquid gas with the concentration of more than 95 percent and is stored in a gas bottle, the mouth of the gas bottle is provided with a pressure reducing valve for controlling the emission quantity and the emission pressure of the gas in the bottle, and the gas outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with a rubber tube; the gas release port comprises three parts, namely a simulated coal wall gas emission release port, a simulated goaf gas emission release port and a simulated adjacent layer gas emission release port; the simulated coal wall gas emission release ports are used for simulating gas emission of the coal wall of the coal face, the release ports are buried in the simulated coal wall in a row mode, the distance between the centers of two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet end faces the simulated coal face and is level with the simulated coal wall, and the gas inlet end is connected with a gas bottle rubber pipe; according to the length of the simulated coal face, dividing the simulated coal wall gas emission release ports into ten sections at most along the direction of the simulated coal wall, wherein the gas emission release ports in the same section share one gas supply rubber pipe, the gas amount released by each release port is the same, and the gas emission amount of the release ports in different sections is different; the simulated goaf gas emission release port is used for simulating goaf gas emission, the release ports are embedded in the simulated bottom plate in a row-by-row mode, the center distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet end of each release port is flush with the simulated bottom plate, and the gas inlet end of each release port is connected with the gas bottle rubber pipe. According to the length of the simulated goaf, dividing the gas emission and release ports of the simulated goaf into ten sections at most along the advancing direction of the simulated coal face, wherein the gas emission and release ports in the same section share one gas supply rubber pipe, the gas amount released by each release port is the same, and the gas emission amount of the release ports in different sections is different; the simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports are used for simulating adjacent layer gas to emit to the simulated goaf, the release ports are arranged at the top of the simulated goaf in a row-by-row mode, the central distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are located in the same plane, and the gas inlet ends are connected with a gas bottle rubber pipe; the releasing ports are randomly grouped according to actual conditions, the releasing ports in the same group are connected with the same rubber hose, the gas releasing amount of each releasing port is the same, the general gas releasing amount of the releasing ports in different groups is different, and the gas releasing amount of each group can be randomly adjusted according to the actual conditions; the gas flowmeter is used for monitoring the gas emission quantity of the gas bottle and each gas emission opening in real time, and is arranged at the gas bottle opening and the rubber tube of each gas emission and emission opening; the gas emission master control box is used for controlling gas emission of the multifunctional simulation experiment table and comprises a gas emission amount display, a coal wall gas emission simulation control module, a goaf gas emission simulation control module and an adjacent layer gas emission simulation control module; the gas emission quantity display is connected with each gas flowmeter, and the numerical values of each gas flowmeter are obtained and then displayed in a curve form; the simulated coal wall gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve I and a flow control platform I; the flow control valve I is arranged at the rubber pipe of each section of gas emission and release port of the simulated coal wall and is used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe; the flow control table I is used for setting the number of sections for simulating the gas emission of the coal wall and the real-time gas emission quantity of each section of the simulated coal wall, is connected with the flow control valve I and controls the flow control valve I according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each section of the simulated coal wall so as to achieve the aim of controlling the gas emission quantity of the simulated coal wall according to requirements; when the real-time gas emission amount of the simulated coal wall is set, determining according to the fact that the gas emission amount of the coal wall and the exposure time of the coal wall are in a negative exponential function relationship; the simulation goaf gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve II and a flow control platform II; the flow control valve II is arranged at the rubber pipe of each section of gas emission release port of the simulated goaf and is used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe; the flow control table II is used for setting the number of sections for simulating gas emission of the goaf and the real-time gas emission quantity of each section of simulated goaf, is connected with the flow control valve II and controls the flow control valve II according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each section of simulated goaf so as to achieve the aim of controlling the gas emission quantity of the simulated goaf according to requirements; when the real-time gas emission amount of the simulated goaf is set, determining according to the fact that the gas emission amount of the goaf and the exposure time of the left coal are in a negative exponential function relationship; the simulation adjacent layer gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve III and a flow control platform III; the flow control valve III is arranged at each group of rubber pipes simulating gas emission release openings of adjacent layers and is used for controlling the gas flow of each group of rubber pipes; the flow control table III is used for setting the grouping number of the simulated adjacent layer gas emission and the real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports, is connected with the flow control valve III, and controls the flow control valve III according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and simulating the adjacent layer gas emission quantity according to requirements.
Preferably, the heating control system comprises an air flow preheating control system, a simulated stope heating control system and a residual coal oxidation heating control system; the air flow preheating control system is used for heating mine air flow and comprises a heating console I, a heating net, a gas channel and a gas temperature sensor; the heating control console I is used for setting the temperature of the heating net and displaying the temperature of the mine air flow; the heating net is formed by weaving resistance wires, is connected with the heating console I, is arranged in the gas channel, and is arranged in multiple layers according to the temperature of the gas to be heated; the shape of the gas channel is a hollow regular quadrangular prism and is made of a transparent hard plastic plate, the gas inlet end is connected with the atmosphere, and the gas outlet end is connected with the air inlet side of the simulation tunnel or a ventilator; the gas temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the heated gas in the gas channel and transmitting a detection value to the heating console I for displaying, and the heating console I adjusts the temperature of the heating net according to the measured gas temperature; the heating control system of the simulated stope comprises a heating control console II, a heating sheet and a temperature sensor I; the heating control console II is used for controlling the temperature of the heating sheet and displaying the temperatures of the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillar, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall; the heating sheets are flatly laid and buried in concrete of the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillars, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall, are connected with the heating control console II and are used for simulating a geothermal system of a stope; the heating sheets are embedded in three parallel layers, the distance between two adjacent layers is 2cm, and the temperature of each layer of heating sheet is independently controlled; the temperature sensor I is buried in the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillar, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall surface, is used for measuring the surface temperature of each part, transmits the measured value to the heating console II for displaying, and the heating console II adjusts the temperature of the heating sheet according to the temperature of each part; the left coal oxidation heating control system is used for heating left coal, controlling the oxidation heating rate of the left coal, and shortening the natural ignition period and the experimental period of the left coal, and comprises a heating control console III, a heater and a temperature sensor II; the heating control console III is used for controlling the temperature of the heater and displaying the highest temperature of the temperature sensor II; the heater is used for heating the residual coal in the simulated goaf, is placed at the bottom of the residual coal and is connected with the heating control console III, the heaters are divided into a plurality of groups to be arranged according to the oxidation heating characteristic of the residual coal on site and the area of the simulated goaf, and the temperature of each group is independently controlled through the heating control console III; the temperature sensors II are buried in the residual coal in two layers in a row mode and are connected with the heating control console III, and the residual coal heater is adjusted according to the maximum temperature of each temperature sensor II displayed by the heating control console III so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature rising rate of the residual coal.
Preferably, the ventilation system comprises a ventilation system console, a ventilator, a regulating air window, an air speed sensor and an air flow temperature sensor; the ventilation system control console is used for controlling the air volume of the ventilator, displaying performance parameters of the ventilator and simulating the air volume, the air speed, the air flow temperature, the air flow dynamic pressure and the static pressure in a roadway; the ventilator is an axial flow ventilator which can be freely detached, is arranged on the air inlet side or the air return side of the simulation roadway and is used for simulating the extraction type, press-in type and mixed type ventilation of a mine; the ventilator is connected with the ventilation system console, the wind pressure, wind volume, power, rotating speed and efficiency parameters of the ventilator are transmitted to the ventilation system console and displayed, and the ventilation system console adjusts the working condition of the ventilator according to the performance parameters of the ventilator; the adjusting air window is made of a rectangular iron plate, a rectangular window is cut in the middle of the adjusting air window, the upper side and the lower side of the window are respectively provided with a slideway, transparent toughened glass is arranged on the slideways, and the area of the window is increased or reduced by sliding the toughened glass on the slideways, so that the aim of adjusting the air volume and the ventilation resistance of a roadway is fulfilled; an air inlet side and an air return side in the simulation tunnel are respectively provided with an adjusting air window, and the adjusting air windows are used simultaneously or independently; the adjusting air window is connected with a ventilation control console, and the ventilation control console automatically controls and adjusts the opening area of the air window according to the requirement; the wind speed sensor is used for measuring the wind speed in the simulation tunnel and obtaining the wind volume of the simulation tunnel according to the measured wind speed, and the wind speed sensor is arranged in an area where the wind flow in the simulation tunnel is relatively stable so as to reduce the influence of turbulence on the wind speed measurement; according to the size of the section of the simulation tunnel, 5-10 wind speed sensors are respectively arranged in the same section of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the central point of the simulation tunnel are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation tunnel, the average wind speed of a certain section in the simulation tunnel is obtained through calculation according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of the certain section of the simulation tunnel are obtained through the average wind speed; each wind speed sensor is connected with a ventilation system control console, and the ventilation system control console processes the received data of each wind speed sensor and displays the air volume, the highest wind speed, the lowest wind speed, the average wind speed and the dynamic pressure of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel; the system comprises a ventilation system console, a wind flow temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind flow temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a ventilation system control console and a display screen, wherein the wind flow temperature sensor is used for measuring the wind flow temperature in the simulation tunnel, the arrangement quantity and the arrangement mode of the wind flow temperature sensor are the same as those of the wind speed sensor, each wind flow temperature sensor is connected with the ventilation system console, and the ventilation system console processes received data of each wind flow temperature sensor and displays the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and.
Preferably, the deep well and mine pressure control system comprises a mine pressure loading system and a pressure monitoring system; the mine pressure loading system is used for simulating the action process of loading the caving rock in the goaf by mine pressure, and comprises a pressure control table, a loading hydraulic system, a loading plate, a plastic particle plate and a loading fixing frame; the pressure control console is used for controlling the dynamic pressure loading process and the static pressure loading pressure of the loading hydraulic system; the loading hydraulic system is used for loading the loading plate, simulating mine pressure and finishing a linear and nonlinear loading process and a static pressure loading process of dynamic pressure according to the command of the pressure control console; the four loading hydraulic systems are positioned on the central line of the loading plate and are sequentially arranged along the propelling direction of the working surface, and the loading size of each loading hydraulic system is independently controlled; the loading plate is an iron plate, is 5cm-10cm thick according to the loading pressure and the characteristics of a field top plate, and is used for transmitting the pressure of a loading hydraulic system to the caving rock simulating the goaf; the plastic particle plate is used for adjusting the distribution of the pressure of the rock falling in the simulated goaf, and the plastic particle plate is placed between the loading plate and the rock falling in the simulated goaf; the plastic particle plate is composed of a plastic plate and plastic particles, the plastic plate is rectangular, the thickness of the plastic plate is about 5cm, one surface of the plastic plate is a plane, the other surface of the plastic plate is connected with the plastic particles, one side of the plane faces downwards and is in contact with rocks falling from a simulated goaf, and the side connected with the plastic particles faces upwards and is in contact with the loading plate; the plastic particles comprise fixed particles and free particles on a plastic particle plate; the plastic particles are of a round table structure, one half of the plastic particles are hollow and one half of the plastic particles are solid, one hollow side of the plastic particles is sleeved on one solid side of the plastic particles, the plastic particles are sleeved, and the distribution of the pressure of rocks falling from the simulated goaf is adjusted by sleeving the number of the particles on one side of the particle surface of the plastic plate; the more plastic particles are sleeved, the higher the pressure born by the point is; the more the difference of the number of the plastic particles sleeved between two adjacent plastic particles is, the larger the pressure change between the two adjacent points is; the loading fixing frame is used for fixing a loading hydraulic system and is formed by welding I-shaped steel; the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring the loading pressure and the loading process of the hydraulic loading system and the bearing pressure and the distribution state of caving rocks in the goaf, and comprises a pressure monitoring station and a pressure sensor; the pressure monitoring station is used for recording and displaying the loading pressure and the change process of the hydraulic loading system in real time and the distribution rule and the change process of the pressure bearing capacity of the caving rock in the goaf; the pressure sensors are used for sensing pressure values at various positions in simulated goaf caving rocks, the pressure sensors are buried in the simulated goaf caving rocks in two layers, the first layer is located at a position which is one third of the simulated goaf height away from a simulated goaf bottom plate, and the second layer is located at a position which is two thirds of the simulated goaf height away from the simulated goaf bottom plate; the pressure sensors in each layer are arranged in a row at equal intervals, the distance between every two adjacent pressure sensors is 30-80 cm, the pressure sensors are connected with a pressure monitoring station through data lines, the sensed pressure is transmitted to the pressure monitoring station in real time, and the pressure monitoring station processes, analyzes and displays the received data.
Preferably, the data information acquisition and analysis system comprises a simulated stope gas concentration and component monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analysis system and a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analysis system; the gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing system of the simulated stope comprises a gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console and various gas concentration sensors; the gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling the monitoring system, analyzing relevant data and displaying an analysis result; each gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of each gas in the simulated goaf, the simulated roadway and the simulated working face; the gas concentration sensors in the simulated goaf are arranged in a layered and lined mode, the arrangement mode of the gas concentration sensors in a certain section in the simulated roadway and the simulated working face is the same as that of the wind speed sensors, and the position, the number and the included gas sensors of the section are determined according to the experimental requirements; each gas concentration sensor is connected with a gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console, and the monitoring and analyzing console processes and analyzes received data and then displays the data; the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing system is used for monitoring residual coal, simulating goaf gas temperature and analyzing temperature distribution and change rules, and comprises a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console and a simulated goaf temperature sensor; the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling each temperature sensor and displaying the data measured by the simulated goaf temperature sensors after processing and analyzing; the simulated goaf temperature sensor comprises a residual coal temperature sensor and a simulated goaf gas temperature sensor; the left coal temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the left coal, the left coal temperature sensor is buried in the left coal in a layered and row-by-row mode, and the specific number of layers and the total number of the left coal sensors are determined according to the left coal amount and the left coal distribution characteristics; the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor is used for measuring the gas temperature of the simulated goaf, and the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor is buried in the caving rock above the residual coal of the simulated goaf in a layered and lined mode and is arranged in parallel with each gas concentration sensor of the simulated goaf; the simulated goaf temperature sensor is connected with the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console, and the console processes and analyzes the received simulated goaf temperature data and displays the distribution rule and the change rule of the simulated goaf temperature.
Preferably, the monitoring and analyzing system for the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf is used for monitoring the air speed of each point in the simulated goaf and processing and analyzing the measured air speed value, and comprises a monitoring and analyzing console for the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf and a thermosensitive air speed sensor for the simulated goaf; the simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensor, processing and analyzing data measured by the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensor and displaying the data; the simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensor is used for monitoring wind speeds at all measuring points in the simulated goaf, and is buried in the coal left in the simulated goaf and the caving rock above the simulated goaf in a layered and row-by-row mode and arranged in parallel with all temperature sensors in the simulated goaf; the simulation goaf heat-sensitive wind speed sensor is connected with the simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed monitoring and analyzing console, the console processes and analyzes the received simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed data, and the distribution and change rule of the simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed are not displayed.
Preferably, the simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing system is used for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage and analyzing the change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage, and comprises a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console and an air speed sensor for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage; the simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling an air speed sensor for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, processing and analyzing data measured by the air speed sensor for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, and obtaining and displaying a change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage; the air speed sensor for monitoring the air leakage amount of the simulated goaf is used for measuring the air speed in a simulated working face, five sections are selected in the simulated working face for measuring the air speed, a measuring section is respectively arranged at an air inlet and an air return inlet of the simulated working face, and three measuring sections are determined between the air inlet and the air return inlet according to the equal distance; according to the size of the section of the simulation working surface, 5-10 wind speed sensors are arranged in the same section of the simulation working surface, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the center point of the simulation working surface are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation working surface, the average wind speed of each section in the simulation working surface is obtained through calculation according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of each section of the simulation working surface are obtained through the average wind speed; the change of the air leakage of the simulated goaf is obtained according to the air volume change between the sections in the simulation working face; the air speed sensor for monitoring the air leakage of the simulated goaf is connected with the monitoring and analyzing console for monitoring the air leakage of the simulated goaf, and the console processes and analyzes the measured data and displays the change rule of the air leakage of the simulated goaf and the dynamic pressure of each section of the simulated working face.
Preferably, the central master control system comprises a central control system box body, a control power supply, a data memory, a data processor and a data display; the control power supply controls the power supplies of other systems in the simulation experiment table through a power line; the data memory is used for storing data of the multifunctional simulation experiment table; after the control console of each subsystem in the simulation experiment table processes the data measured by each sensor, the data are transmitted to the central control system through a data line, and the central control system stores each data by using the data storage device; the data processor is used for processing the data in the data memory to obtain the relationship among the data; the data display is used for displaying the analysis result of the data processor. The control power supply, the data memory, the data processor and the data display are all arranged in the central control system box body.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the left coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the overall structural shape formed by the simulation roadway, the simulation working face and the simulation goaf is similar to the actual stope space structure on site, and the gas emission system, the geothermal simulation system, the working face ventilation system and the mine pressure simulation system are arranged in the simulation experiment table, so that the simulation environment of the simulation experiment table is similar to the real spontaneous combustion environment of the left coal. Therefore, the goaf residual coal spontaneous combustion process simulated by the device has high conformity with the real situation, the research conclusion and the result are real and reliable, and the practical production can be guided scientifically and accurately. In addition, when the device is used for simulating the spontaneous combustion process of the residual coal in the goaf, the system parameters arranged in the device can be adjusted at will, so that the device can meet the simulation research of the spontaneous combustion process of the residual coal in the goaf under various environments and conditions. A large number of data monitoring devices are arranged in the device, the monitoring devices can measure and record various data for simulating the spontaneous combustion process of the residual coal in the goaf, basic guarantee is provided for theoretical analysis of the relationship among the data, the spontaneous combustion rule of the residual coal and the like, and the problems such as the movement rule of a high-temperature area of the goaf, the distribution of 'spontaneous combustion three zones' of the goaf and the relationship with the pressure of a top plate, the relationship between the oxidation temperature of the residual coal and the change of a concentration field of the goaf and the like can be analyzed according to the data, but the problems cannot be researched in other conventional experimental devices and can only be analyzed through numerical simulation. The device is also provided with an automatic analysis function, can automatically analyze the measured data, and finally provides an analysis result in the form of a line graph or a cloud graph, so that the experimental efficiency can be improved, the accuracy and the objectivity of the analysis result can be ensured, the working intensity of experimental researchers can be reduced, and the experimental period can be shortened. The device is convenient to manufacture, convenient to operate, and the practicality is strong.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stope structure simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view; (b) a front view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas emission control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air flow preheating control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heating net structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a gas temperature sensor arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated stope heating control system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a system for controlling temperature rise of oxidation of residual coal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a heater arrangement of a temperature rise control system for oxidizing the remaining coal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a temperature sensor arrangement of a temperature rise control system for oxidizing the remaining coal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of an adjusting louver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep well mine pressure control system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a plastic particle board provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a side view of a simulated goaf gas concentration sensor arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a side view of a goaf temperature sensor or wind leakage sensor arrangement simulation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring and analyzing air leakage of a simulated goaf according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a central control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a multifunctional simulation experiment table for studying spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of deep wells according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, simulating a roadway; 2. simulating a tunnel air inlet and outlet; 3. simulating a coal body; 4. a simulated coal face coal wall 5 and a simulated working face upright post; 6. simulating a coal pillar; 7. simulating a goaf; 8. simulating a bottom plate; 9. a gas release main control box; 10. a gas emission quantity display; 11. a flow control table I; 12. a flow control table II; 13. a flow control table III; 14. a data line; 15. simulating a goaf bottom plate; 16. simulating the top of the goaf; 17. 18, 19-gas emission and release ports; 20. a pressure reducing valve; 21. a gas flow meter; 22. a gas cylinder; 23. a flow control valve I; 24. a flow control valve II; 25, flow control valve III; 26. a gas bottle rubber tube; 27. a heating console I; 28. heating the net; 29. a gas channel; 30. a gas temperature sensor; 31. a ventilator; 32. a heating console II; 33. a heating plate; 34. a temperature sensor I; 35. a simulated bottom plate or a simulated coal pillar, a simulated tunnel wall and a simulated coal wall; 36. a heating console III; 37. a heater; 38. a temperature sensor II; 39. simulating the residual coal in the goaf; 40. simulating caving rocks in the goaf; 41. a ventilation system console; 42. adjusting the air window; 43. a wind speed sensor; 44. a wind flow temperature sensor; 45. an iron plate; 46. tempering the glass; 47. a pressure console; 48. loading a system telescoping cylinder; 49. a loading system fixed cylinder; 50. loading a system fixing seat; 51. a loading plate; 52. a plastic particle board; 53. loading the fixed frame; 54. a pressure monitoring station; 55. a pressure sensor; 56. plastic board; 57. plastic particles; 58. a gas concentration and composition monitoring and analysis console; 59. a gas concentration sensor; 60. simulating a goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console or simulating a goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analyzing console; 61. simulating a goaf gas temperature sensor or a goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensor; 62. simulating a goaf residual coal temperature sensor or a goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensor; 63. simulating a goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console; 64. simulating a goaf air leakage rate and air speed sensor; 65. a central control system box; 66. controlling a power supply; 67. a data storage; 68. a data processor; 69. a data display; 70. a power line; 71. and a data line.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, taking the spontaneous combustion process of the residual coal in a certain goaf as an example, the simulation experiment is performed by using the multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well.
A multifunctional simulation experiment table capable of researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal in a goaf under the coupling action of multiple disaster sources of a deep well comprises a stope structure simulation system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system, a data information acquisition and analysis system and a central main control system; the stope structure simulation system is used for simulating the space structure of a stope; the gas emission control system is used for controlling gas emission of coal walls, goafs and adjacent layers of a stope, and simulating various gas emission conditions of the stope by controlling gas emission quantities at various positions; the heating control system is used for simulating geothermal energy of a stope and heating the residual coal of the gob, the heating control system is used for heating and controlling the airflow of the simulated stope, heating and controlling the simulated coal wall, the simulated bottom plate, the simulated roadway wall and the simulated coal pillar of the simulated stope, and heating and controlling the oxidation temperature rise process of the residual coal of the gob; the ventilation control system is used for providing wind current for the simulation stope and adjusting the size of the wind current according to simulation conditions; the deep well mine pressure control system is used for simulating the pressure of a top plate of a goaf, the size, the distribution state and the loading mode of the pressure and adjusting according to simulation conditions; the data information acquisition and analysis system is used for acquiring various data in the simulation experiment process, such as gas concentration, gas temperature, wind speed, wind volume and the like; analyzing the acquired data, such as a gas concentration distribution rule, a gas temperature change rule and the like; the central master control system is used for controlling a master power supply of the simulation experiment table, storing data of other systems and carrying out combined analysis on the data of the systems, such as the relation between the pressure change and the gas concentration distribution of the goaf, the relation between the heating temperature and the three zones of the goaf and the like; the system comprises a central main control system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system and a data information acquisition and analysis system, wherein the gas emission control system, the heating control system, the ventilation control system, the deep well mine pressure control system and the data information acquisition and analysis system are all based on a stope structure simulation system, partial elements in the system are installed at corresponding positions in the stope structure simulation system by the systems, the systems are mutually independent and independently controlled, the systems can be independently operated or operated together, the systems are connected with the central main control system through power lines and data lines, the power supply of the systems is obtained through the central main control system, and the systems transmit the obtained experimental data to the central main control system.
The stope structure simulation system is based on a U-shaped retreat stope structure and comprises a simulation roadway, a simulation coal face, a simulation goaf and a simulation bottom plate, as shown in figure 1. The simulation tunnel 1 is an air flow circulation channel, is built by adopting cement mortar materials according to a similar ratio, has a rectangular straight tunnel section, and air flow flows in or out from an air inlet and an air outlet 2. The section of the simulated coal face is also rectangular and is vertically connected with the simulated roadway, the front part of the simulated coal face is a simulated coal body 3 and a simulated coal face coal wall 4, and the rear part of the simulated coal face is a simulated goaf 7. The inside stand 5 that is equipped with of simulation working face for the simulation working face is strutted, increases the working face windage. The simulated goaf 7 is based on the goaf processed by a total caving method as a simulation basis, the front of the simulated goaf is adjacent to a simulation working face, and the left side and the right side of the simulated goaf are provided with simulated coal pillars 6. And (3) simulating filling of residual coal and caving rocks in the goaf, wherein the amount and the distribution rule of the filled residual coal are determined according to experimental requirements or actual conditions on site. The falling rocks are collected on site or made of concrete, and the particle size of the falling rocks is gradually increased from bottom to top during filling or the falling rocks are filled according to actual conditions on site. The simulation bottom plate 8 is positioned at the bottom of the stope structure simulation system, and the simulation roadway, the simulation coal face and the simulation goaf are all positioned above the simulation roadway. Simulation bottom plate 8 is two-layer about including, and the upper strata is cement mortar pouring layer, and the lower floor is the iron sheet layer for improve simulation platform's stability and compressive capacity.
The gas emission control system is shown in fig. 2, and includes a gas source, a plurality of gas discharge ports, a plurality of gas flow meters 21, and a gas discharge master control box 9. The gas source is liquid gas with the concentration of more than 95 percent, and is stored in a gas cylinder 22, and the opening of the gas cylinder 22 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 20 for controlling the burst amount and the burst pressure of the gas in the cylinder. The air outlet end of the pressure reducing valve 20 is connected with a rubber tube 26 of the gas bottle. The plurality of gas release ports are respectively a simulated coal wall gas emission release port 17, a simulated goaf gas emission release port 18 and a simulated adjacent layer gas emission release port 19. The simulated coal wall gas emission release ports 17 are used for simulating gas emission after the coal wall is exposed, the release ports are buried in the simulated coal wall 4 in a row mode, the distance between the centers of two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet end faces the simulated coal face and is level with the simulated coal wall 4, and the gas inlet end is connected with the rubber pipe 26. The simulated goaf gas emission release ports 18 are used for simulating goaf gas emission, the release ports 18 are embedded in the goaf simulated bottom plate 15 in a row-by-row mode, the center distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are level with the goaf simulated bottom plate 15, and the gas inlet ends of the release ports are connected with the gas bottle rubber pipe 26. The simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports 19 are used for simulating adjacent layer gas to emit to the simulated goaf, the release ports 19 are arranged on the top 16 of the simulated goaf in a row mode, the central distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are located in the same plane, and the gas inlet ends are connected with the gas bottle rubber pipe 26. According to the length of the simulated goaf, dividing the gas emission and release ports of the simulated goaf into ten sections at most along the advancing direction of the simulated coal face, wherein the gas emission and release ports in the same section share one gas supply rubber pipe, the gas amount released by each release port is the same, and the gas emission amount of the release ports in different sections is different; the simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports are used for simulating adjacent layer gas to emit to the simulated goaf, the release ports are arranged at the top of the simulated goaf in a row-by-row mode, the center distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are located in the same plane, and the gas inlet ends are connected with a gas bottle rubber pipe; the releasing ports are randomly grouped according to actual conditions, the releasing ports in the same group are connected with the same rubber hose, the gas releasing amount of each releasing port is the same, the general gas releasing amount of the releasing ports in different groups is different, and the gas releasing amount of each group can be randomly adjusted according to the actual conditions; the gas flowmeter 21 is installed at the rubber tube connecting the bottle mouth of the gas steel bottle 22 and each gas emission and release port, and is used for monitoring the gas emission amount of the gas steel bottle 22 and each release port in real time. The gas release main control box 9 comprises a gas emission amount display 10, a simulation coal wall gas emission control module, a simulation goaf gas emission control module and a simulation adjacent layer gas emission control module, and is used for controlling gas emission of the simulation experiment table. The gas emission amount display 10 is connected to each gas flowmeter 21, and obtains the value of each gas flowmeter 21 and displays the value in the form of a curve. The simulated coal wall gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve I23 and a flow control table I11, wherein the flow control valve I23 is installed at a rubber pipe connected with a gas emission release port 17 of the simulated coal wall 4 and used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe. The flow control table I11 is connected with the flow control valve I23 and is used for setting the number of segments of simulated coal wall gas emission and the real-time gas emission quantity of each segment of simulated coal wall, and controlling the flow control valve I23 according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each segment of simulated coal wall, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the simulated coal wall gas emission quantity according to requirements. And when the real-time gas emission amount of the simulated coal wall is set, determining according to the fact that the gas emission amount of the coal wall and the exposure time of the coal wall are in a negative exponential function relationship. The simulated goaf gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve II24 and a flow control table II12, wherein the flow control valve II24 is installed at the rubber pipe of each section of gas emission release port 18 of the simulated goaf and is used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe. The flow control table II12 is connected with the flow control valve II24 and is used for setting the number of segments for simulating the gas emission of the goaf and the real-time gas emission quantity of each segment of the simulated goaf, and controlling the flow control valve II24 according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each segment of the simulated goaf so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the gas emission quantity of the simulated goaf according to requirements. The simulated adjacent layer gas surge control module comprises a flow control valve III25 and a flow control table III 13. The flow control valve III25 is arranged at the general rubber pipe of each group of simulated adjacent layer gas emission release openings 19 and is used for controlling the gas flow of each group of rubber pipes. The flow control table III13 is connected with the flow control valve III25 and is used for setting the grouping number of the simulated gas emission of the adjacent layer and the real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated gas emission release ports of the adjacent layer, and controlling the flow control valve III25 according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated gas emission release ports of the adjacent layer, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and simulating the gas emission quantity of the adjacent layer according to requirements.
The heating control system comprises an air flow preheating control system, a simulated stope heating control system and a residual coal oxidation heating control system.
The air flow preheating control system is used for heating mine air flow and comprises a heating control console I27, a heating net 28, a gas channel 29 and a gas temperature sensor 30 as shown in figure 3. The heating control console I27 is used for setting the temperature of the heating net 28 and displaying the temperature of the mine air flow; the heating net 28 is woven of resistance wires as shown in fig. 4, is connected to a heating console I27, is arranged in the gas passage 29, and is arranged in multiple layers according to the temperature to be heated by the gas. The air channel 29 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism and is made of a transparent hard plastic plate, the air inlet end is connected with the atmosphere, the air outlet end is connected with the air inlet side of the simulation tunnel or a ventilator 31, and the other end of the ventilator 31 is connected with the simulation tunnel 1. The gas temperature sensor 30 is used for measuring the temperature of the heated gas in the gas channel 29, transmitting the detected value to the heating console I27 for display, and the heating console I27 adjusts the temperature of the heating net 28 according to the measured gas temperature. Five gas temperature sensors 30 are arranged in one cross section, as shown in fig. 5, one at the center of the gas channel and one near each of the four walls, and each of the gas temperature sensors 30 is located at an unequal distance from the wall of the gas channel.
The simulated stope heating control system is shown in fig. 6 and comprises a heating control console II32, a heating plate 33 and a temperature sensor I34. The heating control console II32 is used for controlling the temperature of the heating sheet 33 and displaying the temperature of the temperature sensor I34; the heating plate 33 is flatly laid and buried in concrete of the simulation bottom plate 35 (or a simulation coal pillar, a simulation tunnel wall and a simulation coal wall), is connected with the heating control console II32 and is used for simulating a stope geothermal system. The heating sheets 33 are embedded in three parallel layers, the distance between two adjacent layers is 2cm, and the temperature of each layer of heating sheet is independently controlled. The temperature sensor I34 is buried in the surface of the simulated bottom plate 35 or the simulated coal pillar, the simulated tunnel wall and the simulated coal wall, is used for measuring the surface temperature of each part, and transmits the measured value to the heating control console II32 for displaying, and the heating control console II32 adjusts the temperature of the heating plate 33 according to the temperature of each part.
The system for controlling the oxidation heating of the residual coal is shown in fig. 7, and is used for heating the residual coal, controlling the oxidation heating rate of the residual coal, and shortening the natural ignition period and the experimental period of the residual coal, and comprises a heating control console III36, a heater 37 and a temperature sensor II 38. The heating control console III36 is used for controlling the temperature of the heater 37 and displaying the highest temperature of the temperature sensor II 38. The heater 37 is used for heating the residual coal 39 in the simulated goaf, is placed at the bottom of the residual coal 39 and is connected with the heating control console III36, the heater 37 is arranged into 16 groups as shown in fig. 8 according to the on-site residual coal oxidation temperature rise characteristic and the simulated goaf area, and the temperature of each group is independently controlled through the heating control console III 36. The temperature sensors II38 are buried in the residual coal 39 in two layers in a row and connected with the heating console III36 as shown in FIG. 9, and the residual coal heater 37 is adjusted according to the maximum temperature of each temperature sensor II displayed by the heating console III36, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature rise rate of the residual coal.
As shown in fig. 10, the ventilation system includes a ventilation system console 41, a ventilator 31, a damper 42, a wind speed sensor 43, and a wind flow temperature sensor 44. The ventilation system control console 41 is used for controlling the air volume of the ventilator 31, displaying performance parameters of the ventilator 31 and simulating the air volume, the air speed, the air flow temperature, the air flow dynamic pressure and the static pressure in the roadway 1. The ventilator is an axial flow ventilator which can be freely detached, is arranged on the air inlet side or the air return side of the simulation roadway and is used for simulating the extraction type, press-in type and mixed type ventilation of a mine. The ventilator 31 is connected with the ventilation system console 41, the wind pressure, wind volume, power, rotating speed and efficiency parameters of the ventilator 31 are transmitted to the ventilation system console 41 and displayed, and the ventilation system console 41 adjusts the working condition of the ventilator 31 according to the performance parameters of the ventilator 31; the adjusting air window 42 is made of a rectangular iron plate 45, a rectangular window is cut in the middle, sliding ways are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the window, transparent tempered glass 46 is mounted on the sliding ways, the area of the window is increased or decreased by the aid of the fact that the tempered glass 46 slides on the sliding ways, and the purpose of adjusting air volume and ventilation resistance of the simulation roadway 1 is achieved. The air inlet side and the air return side in the simulation roadway 1 are respectively provided with an adjusting air window 42, and the adjusting air windows can be used simultaneously or independently. The adjusting air window 42 is connected with the ventilation console 41, and the ventilation console 41 automatically adjusts the opening area of the adjusting air window 42 according to needs. The wind speed sensor 43 is used for measuring the wind speed in the simulation tunnel 1 and obtaining the wind volume of the simulation tunnel 1 according to the measured wind speed, and the wind speed sensor 43 is arranged in a region where the wind flow in the simulation tunnel is relatively stable so as to reduce the influence of turbulent flow on the wind speed measurement. According to the size of the section of the simulation tunnel, 5-10 wind speed sensors are respectively arranged in the same section of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the central point of the simulation tunnel are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation tunnel, the average wind speed of a certain section in the simulation tunnel is obtained through calculation according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of the certain section of the simulation tunnel are obtained through the average wind speed; each wind speed sensor is connected with a ventilation system control console, and the ventilation system control console processes the received data of each wind speed sensor and displays the air volume, the highest wind speed, the lowest wind speed, the average wind speed and the dynamic pressure of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel. The air flow temperature sensors 44 are used for measuring the air flow temperature in the simulation tunnel 1, each air flow temperature sensor 44 is connected with the ventilation system control console 41, and the ventilation system control console 41 processes the received data of each air flow temperature sensor 44 and displays the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature and the average temperature of the air flow at the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel. The wind speed sensors 43 and the wind flow temperature sensors 44 are respectively arranged in a group at the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel, and the arrangement mode of the sensors in each group is the same as that of the gas temperature sensors 30 in fig. 6.
The deep well and mine pressure control system comprises a mine pressure loading system and a pressure monitoring system, as shown in fig. 12.
The mine pressure loading system is used for simulating the action process of loading the caving rock in the goaf by mine pressure, and comprises a pressure control table 47, a loading hydraulic system, a loading plate 51, a plastic particle plate 52 and a loading fixing frame 53. The pressure control table 47 is used for controlling the dynamic pressure loading process and the static pressure loading pressure of the loading hydraulic system. The loading hydraulic system comprises a loading system telescopic cylinder 48, a loading system fixing cylinder 49 and a loading system fixing seat 50. The loading hydraulic system controls the magnitude of the loading pressure through the magnitude of the extending amount of the telescopic cylinder 48, and is used for loading the loading plate 51. The loading hydraulic system is used for loading the loading plate, simulating mine pressure and completing a linear and nonlinear loading process and a static pressure loading process of dynamic pressure according to the command of the pressure control console. The four loading hydraulic systems are positioned on the central line of the loading plate 51 and are sequentially arranged along the propelling direction of the working surface, and the loading size of each loading hydraulic system is independently controlled. The loading plate 51 is an iron plate, has a thickness of 5cm-10cm according to the loading pressure and the characteristics of a field top plate, and is used for transmitting the pressure of a loading hydraulic system to the caving rock simulating the goaf. As shown in fig. 13, the plastic particle plate 52 is used to adjust the distribution of the pressure applied to the simulated goaf caving rock 40, and the plastic particle plate 52 is placed between the loading plate 51 and the simulated goaf caving rock 40. The plastic pellet plate 52 includes two parts, a plastic plate 56 and plastic pellets 57. The plastic plate 56 is rectangular, the thickness is 5cm, one surface is a plane, the other surface is connected with the plastic particles 57, one side of the plane faces downwards, the plane is in contact with the simulated goaf falling rocks 40, the side connected with the plastic particles 57 faces upwards, and the plane is in contact with the loading plate 51. The plastic particles 57 include fixed particles and free particles on a plastic particle plate; the plastic particles 57 are in a round table structure, one half of the plastic particles is hollow and one half of the plastic particles is solid, one hollow side of each plastic particle 57 is sleeved on one solid side of each plastic particle, the plastic particles 57 can be sleeved with each other, the number of the sleeved plastic particles of each plastic particle 57 can be different, and the distribution of the pressure applied to the rock 40 falling in the simulated goaf is adjusted by the number of the sleeved particles of each plastic particle 57 on one side of the particle surface of the plastic plate 56. The more plastic particles 57 are sleeved with each other, the greater the pressure the plastic particles bear; the greater the difference between the numbers of the plastic particles 57 sleeved between two adjacent plastic particles 57, the greater the pressure variation experienced by the two adjacent plastic particles. The loading fixing frame 53 is used for fixing the loading system telescopic cylinder 48 and is formed by welding I-shaped steel.
The pressure monitoring system is shown in fig. 14 and is used for monitoring the loading pressure and the loading process of the hydraulic loading system and the bearing pressure and the distribution state of the caving rock 40 in the goaf, and comprises a pressure monitoring station 54 and a pressure sensor 55. The pressure monitoring station 54 is used for recording and displaying the loading pressure and the variation process of the hydraulic loading system in real time, and the distribution rule of the pressure borne by the goaf caving rock 40 and the variation process pressure sensor 55 are used for sensing the pressure values of all positions in the simulated goaf caving rock 40, the pressure sensor 55 is buried in the simulated goaf caving rock 40 in two layers, the first layer is located at a position which is one third of the height of the simulated goaf from the simulated goaf bottom plate 15, and the second layer is located at a position which is two thirds of the height of the simulated goaf from the simulated goaf bottom plate 15; the pressure sensors in each layer are arranged in a row at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent pressure sensors 55 is 30-80 cm, the pressure sensors 55 are connected with the pressure monitoring station 54 through data lines, the sensed pressure is transmitted to the pressure monitoring station 54 in real time, and the pressure monitoring station 54 processes, analyzes and displays the received data.
The data information acquisition and analysis system comprises a simulated stope gas concentration and component monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analysis system and a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analysis system.
The simulated stope gas concentration and composition monitoring and analysis system includes a gas concentration and composition monitoring and analysis console 58 and various gas concentration sensors 59. The gas concentration and composition monitoring and analysis console 58 is used to control the monitoring system, analyze the relevant data, and display the results of the analysis. Each gas concentration sensor 59 is used to monitor each gas concentration in the simulated gob 7, the simulated tunnel 1, and the simulated work surface. The arrangement of the gas concentration sensors 59 in the simulated gob is arranged in layers and in rows as shown in fig. 15. The arrangement mode of each gas concentration sensor in a simulation tunnel 1 and a simulation working face on a certain section is the same as that of the gas temperature sensor 30 in the figure 6, and the position, the number and the included gas sensors of the section are determined according to the experimental requirements. Each gas concentration sensor 59 is connected to the gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console 58, and the monitoring and analyzing console 58 processes and analyzes the received data and displays the processed data.
The simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing system is shown in fig. 16, and is used for monitoring residual coal, simulating goaf gas temperature, and analyzing temperature distribution and change rules, and comprises a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console 60 and temperature sensors of the simulated goaf. Each temperature sensor of the simulated goaf comprises a gas temperature sensor 61 and a residual coal temperature sensor 62. The simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console 60 is used for controlling each temperature sensor, processing, analyzing and displaying data measured by each temperature sensor in the simulated goaf. The residual coal temperature sensor 61 is used for measuring the temperature of the residual coal 39 in the simulated goaf, the residual coal temperature sensor 61 is buried in the residual coal 39 in a layered and row-by-row mode, and the specific number of layers and the total number of the residual coal sensors are determined according to the residual coal amount and the distribution characteristics of the residual coal. The simulated goaf gas temperature sensor 62 is used for measuring the simulated goaf gas temperature, and the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor 62 is buried in the caving rock 40 above the residual coal 39 of the simulated goaf in a layered and lined mode and is arranged in parallel with each gas concentration sensor 59 of the simulated goaf. Each temperature sensor of the simulated goaf is connected with a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console 60, and the console 60 processes and analyzes the received simulated goaf temperature data and displays the distribution rule and the change rule of the simulated goaf temperature.
The monitoring and analyzing system for the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf is shown in fig. 16 and is used for monitoring the air speed of each point in the simulated goaf and processing and analyzing the measured air speed value, and comprises a monitoring and analyzing console 60 for the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf and a thermosensitive air speed sensor 61-62 for the simulated goaf. The simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analyzing console 60 is used for controlling the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensors 61-62, and processing, analyzing and displaying data measured by the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensors 61-62. The simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensors 61-62 are used for monitoring wind speeds at various measuring points in the simulated goaf 7, and the simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensors 61-62 are buried in the simulated goaf residual coal 39 and the caving rock 40 above the simulated goaf in a layered and lined mode and are arranged in parallel with various temperature sensors of the simulated goaf. The simulated goaf heat-sensitive wind speed sensors 61-62 are connected with the simulated goaf wind leakage speed monitoring and analyzing console 60, and the console 60 processes and analyzes the received simulated goaf wind leakage speed data and displays the distribution and change rule of the simulated goaf wind leakage speed.
The simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing system is shown in fig. 17 and is used for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage and analyzing the change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage, and comprises a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console 63 and a simulated goaf air leakage air speed sensor 64. The simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console 63 is used for controlling the air velocity sensor 64 for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, processing and analyzing data measured by the air velocity sensor 64 for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, and obtaining and displaying the change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage. The air speed sensor 64 for monitoring the air leakage of the simulated goaf is used for measuring the air speed in the simulated working face, five sections are selected in the simulated working face for measuring the air speed, the air inlet and the air return inlet of the simulated working face are respectively provided with one measuring section, and three measuring sections are determined between the air inlet and the air return inlet according to the equal distance. According to the size of the cross section of the simulation working surface, 5-10 wind speed sensors are arranged in the same cross section of the simulation working surface in the same arrangement mode as that of the gas temperature sensors 30 in the figure 6, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the center point of the simulation working surface are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation working surface, the average wind speed of each cross section in the simulation working surface is calculated according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of each cross section of the simulation working surface are obtained by using the average wind speed; and the change of the air leakage of the simulated goaf is obtained according to the air volume change between the sections in the simulation working face. The air velocity sensor 64 for monitoring and simulating the goaf air leakage is connected with the goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console 63, and the console 63 processes and analyzes the measured data and displays the change rule of the goaf air leakage and the dynamic pressure of each section of the simulation working face.
The central general control system is shown in fig. 18 and comprises a central control system box 65, a control power supply 66, a data memory 67, a data processor 68 and a data display 69. The control power supply 66 controls the power supply of other systems in the simulation bench through power lines 70. The data storage 67 is used to store various data measured in the simulation bench. After processing the data measured by each sensor, each subsystem control console in the simulation experiment table transmits the data to the central control system through a data line 71, and the central control system stores each data by using a data storage 67. The data processor 68 is used for processing the data in the data memory 67 to obtain the relationship between the data. The data display 69 is used for displaying the analysis result of the data processor 67. The control power supply 66, data storage 67, data processor 68 and data display 69 are all housed within the central control system housing 65.
In this embodiment, a perspective view of an overall structure of the finally established multifunctional simulation experiment table for studying spontaneous combustion characteristics of the residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of the deep well is shown in fig. 19, and structures such as various monitoring sensors and a control console are not shown in the figure.
The embodiment also provides a method for performing a simulation experiment on the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of the deep well multiple disaster sources by using the multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of the deep well multiple disaster sources, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, firstly, filling residual coal 39 in a simulated goaf 7 in a simulation experiment table according to experiment conditions and purposes, wherein the quantity of the residual coal 39 is determined according to experiment requirements; the above of the coal residue 39 is filled with the falling rocks 40. While filling the residual coal 39 and the caving rock 40 into the simulated goaf 7, laying the goaf residual coal heater 37, the goaf residual coal temperature sensor II38, the goaf gas concentration sensor 59, the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor 61, the simulated goaf residual coal temperature sensor 62, the simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensors 61-62 and the simulated goaf wind leakage rate wind speed sensor 64, and connecting the simulated goaf residual coal heater, the goaf residual coal temperature sensor II38, the goaf gas concentration sensor 59, the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor 61, the simulated goaf residual coal temperature sensor 62, the simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensors 61.
Step 2, laying a gas emission release port 19 above the caving rock 40, namely the simulated goaf top 16, and simulating gas emission of an adjacent layer; then, a plastic particle plate is placed above the falling rocks 40, and the arrangement mode of the plastic particles 57 on the plastic particle plate is determined according to the experimental requirements.
Step 3, placing a loading plate 51 above the plastic particle plate, and placing a loading hydraulic system above the loading plate 51; the loading fixture 53 is then placed and the loading system telescopic ram 48 in the loading hydraulic system brought into close contact therewith.
And 4, debugging experimental components in the simulation experiment table, such as various sensors, a control table, a heater and the like, so that the simulation experiment table can work normally.
Step 5, starting a control power supply 66 in the central control system to enable each part of the simulation experiment table to be powered on;
step 6, starting a data acquisition and analysis system, and monitoring and analyzing the concentration and the composition of gas in the simulated stope, the temperature of the simulated goaf, the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf, the air leakage quantity of the simulated goaf and the like;
step 7, starting a ventilation system of the experiment table, and supplying air to the experiment table; meanwhile, observing performance parameters of the ventilator, and parameters such as wind speed and wind quantity in a tunnel;
step 8, starting a heating control system according to experimental requirements, controlling and heating the wind current, the simulated stope and the left coal, and controlling and monitoring the temperature of each heating device by using each heating control console;
step 9, starting a gas emission control system according to experimental requirements, and controlling and monitoring the simulation of gas emission of the goaf, the simulation of gas emission of the coal wall and the simulation of gas emission of an adjacent layer by using each control console;
step 10, simulating goaf loading by using a deep well mine pressure control system according to experimental requirements, and controlling a loading process, loading pressure and the like of a loading hydraulic system by using a loading control console; detecting the pressure distribution and the size in the simulated goaf by using a pressure monitoring table;
step 11, paying attention to whether the data storage and data processing functions of the central control system continuously and normally work; carrying out theoretical analysis on the curve of the data display;
and step 12, continuously adjusting experiment conditions such as air supply quantity, gas emission quantity, heating temperature and the like in the experiment process according to experiment requirements to obtain the influence rule of each factor on the experiment process and the interaction rule of each factor and the like.
And step 13, copying the experimental data after the experiment is finished, cleaning the experimental coal, replacing the damaged and failed sensor, and preparing for the next experiment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of multiple disaster sources of a deep well is characterized in that: the system comprises a stope structure simulation system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well and mine pressure control system, a data information acquisition and analysis system and a central main control system; the stope structure simulation system is used for simulating the space structure of a stope; the gas emission control system is used for controlling gas emission of coal walls, goafs and adjacent layers of a stope, and simulating various gas emission conditions of the stope by controlling gas emission quantities at various positions; the heating control system is used for simulating geothermal energy of a stope and heating the residual coal of the gob, the heating control system is used for heating and controlling the airflow of the simulated stope, heating and controlling the simulated coal wall, the simulated bottom plate, the simulated roadway wall and the simulated coal pillar of the simulated stope, and heating and controlling the oxidation temperature rise process of the residual coal of the gob; the ventilation control system is used for providing wind current for the simulation stope and adjusting the size of the wind current according to simulation conditions; the deep well mine pressure control system is used for simulating the pressure of a top plate of a goaf, the size, the distribution state and the loading mode of the pressure and adjusting according to simulation conditions; the data information acquisition and analysis system is used for acquiring various data in the simulation experiment process and analyzing the acquired data; the central master control system is used for controlling a master power supply of the simulation experiment table, storing data of other systems and carrying out combined analysis on the data of the systems; the system comprises a central main control system, a gas emission control system, a heating control system, a ventilation control system, a deep well mine pressure control system and a data information acquisition and analysis system, wherein the gas emission control system, the heating control system, the ventilation control system, the deep well mine pressure control system and the data information acquisition and analysis system are all based on a stope structure simulation system, partial elements in the system are installed at corresponding positions in the stope structure simulation system by each system, the systems are mutually independent and independently controlled, each system can be independently operated or operated together, each system is connected with the central main control system through a power line and a data line, the power supply of each system is obtained through the central main control system, and each system transmits the obtained experimental data to the central main;
the deep well and mine pressure control system comprises a mine pressure loading system and a pressure monitoring system; the mine pressure loading system is used for simulating the action process of loading the caving rock in the goaf by mine pressure, and comprises a pressure control table, a loading hydraulic system, a loading plate, a plastic particle plate and a loading fixing frame; the pressure control console is used for controlling the dynamic pressure loading process and the static pressure loading pressure of the loading hydraulic system; the loading hydraulic system is used for loading the loading plate, simulating mine pressure and finishing a linear and nonlinear loading process and a static pressure loading process of dynamic pressure according to the command of the pressure control console; the four loading hydraulic systems are positioned on the central line of the loading plate and are sequentially arranged along the propelling direction of the working surface, and the loading size of each loading hydraulic system is independently controlled; the loading plate is an iron plate, is 5cm-10cm thick according to the loading pressure and the characteristics of a field top plate, and is used for transmitting the pressure of a loading hydraulic system to the caving rock simulating the goaf; the plastic particle plate is used for adjusting the distribution of the pressure of the rock falling in the simulated goaf, and the plastic particle plate is placed between the loading plate and the rock falling in the simulated goaf; the plastic particle plate is composed of a plastic plate and plastic particles, the plastic plate is rectangular, the thickness of the plastic plate is about 5cm, one surface of the plastic plate is a plane, the other surface of the plastic plate is connected with the plastic particles, one side of the plane faces downwards and is in contact with rocks falling from a simulated goaf, and the side connected with the plastic particles faces upwards and is in contact with the loading plate; the plastic particles comprise fixed particles and free particles on a plastic particle plate; the plastic particles are of a round table structure, one half of the plastic particles are hollow and one half of the plastic particles are solid, one hollow side of the plastic particles is sleeved on one solid side of the plastic particles, the plastic particles are sleeved, and the distribution of the pressure of rocks falling from the simulated goaf is adjusted by sleeving the number of the particles on one side of the particle surface of the plastic plate; the more plastic particles are sleeved, the higher the pressure born by the point is; the more the difference of the number of the plastic particles sleeved between two adjacent plastic particles is, the larger the pressure change between the two adjacent points is; the loading fixing frame is used for fixing a loading hydraulic system and is formed by welding I-shaped steel; the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring the loading pressure and the loading process of the hydraulic loading system and the bearing pressure and the distribution state of caving rocks in the goaf, and comprises a pressure monitoring station and a pressure sensor; the pressure monitoring station is used for recording and displaying the loading pressure and the change process of the hydraulic loading system in real time and the distribution rule and the change process of the pressure bearing capacity of the caving rock in the goaf; the pressure sensors are used for sensing pressure values at various positions in simulated goaf caving rocks, the pressure sensors are buried in the simulated goaf caving rocks in two layers, the first layer is located at a position which is one third of the simulated goaf height away from a simulated goaf bottom plate, and the second layer is located at a position which is two thirds of the simulated goaf height away from the simulated goaf bottom plate; the pressure sensors in each layer are arranged in a row at equal intervals, the distance between every two adjacent pressure sensors is 30-80 cm, the pressure sensors are connected with a pressure monitoring station through data lines, the sensed pressure is transmitted to the pressure monitoring station in real time, and the pressure monitoring station processes, analyzes and displays the received data.
2. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of the deep well multiple disaster sources according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the stope structure simulation system adopts a U-shaped retreat stope structure and comprises a simulation roadway, a simulation coal face, a simulation goaf and a simulation bottom plate; the simulation roadway is built by adopting cement mortar materials according to a similarity ratio, and the section of the simulation roadway is a rectangular straight roadway; the section of the simulated coal face is also rectangular and is vertical to the simulated roadway; the front part of the simulation working face is a simulation coal body and a simulation coal face coal wall, the rear part of the simulation working face is a simulation goaf, and an upright post is arranged inside the simulation working face and used for supporting the simulation working face and increasing the wind resistance of the simulation working face; the simulated goaf is based on the goaf processed by a total caving method, the front of the simulated goaf is adjacent to a simulated working face, and the left side and the right side of the simulated goaf are provided with simulated coal pillars; simulating filling of residual coal and caving rocks in the goaf, wherein the amount and the distribution rule of the filled residual coal are determined according to experimental requirements or actual conditions on site; the falling rocks are collected on site or made of concrete, and the particle size of the falling rocks is gradually increased from bottom to top during filling or the falling rocks are filled according to actual conditions on site; the simulation bottom plate is located the bottom of stope structure analog system, and simulation tunnel, simulation coal face, simulation collecting space all are located its top, and the simulation bottom plate includes two-layer from top to bottom, and the upper strata is cement mortar watering layer, and the lower floor is the iron sheet layer for improve simulation platform's stability and compressive capacity.
3. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep well multiple disaster sources according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the gas emission control system comprises a gas source, a gas release port, a gas flowmeter and a gas release main control box; the gas source is liquid gas with the concentration of more than 95 percent and is stored in a gas bottle, the mouth of the gas bottle is provided with a pressure reducing valve for controlling the emission quantity and the emission pressure of the gas in the bottle, and the gas outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with a rubber tube; the gas release port comprises three parts, namely a simulated coal wall gas emission release port, a simulated goaf gas emission release port and a simulated adjacent layer gas emission release port; the simulated coal wall gas emission release ports are used for simulating gas emission of the coal wall of the coal face, the release ports are buried in the simulated coal wall in a row mode, the distance between the centers of two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet end faces the simulated coal face and is level with the simulated coal wall, and the gas inlet end is connected with a gas bottle rubber pipe; according to the length of the simulated coal face, dividing the simulated coal wall gas emission release ports into ten sections at most along the direction of the simulated coal wall, wherein the gas emission release ports in the same section share one gas supply rubber pipe, the gas amount released by each release port is the same, and the gas emission amount of the release ports in different sections is different; the simulated goaf gas emission release ports are used for simulating gas emission of the goaf, the release ports are embedded in a simulated bottom plate in a row-by-row mode, the center distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are level with the simulated bottom plate, the gas inlet ends of the release ports are connected with a gas bottle rubber tube, the simulated goaf gas emission release ports are divided into at most ten sections along the advancing direction of a simulated coal face according to the length of the simulated goaf, the gas emission release ports in the same section share one gas supply rubber tube, the gas amount released by each release port is the same, and the gas emission amount of the release ports in different sections is different; the simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports are used for simulating adjacent layer gas to emit to the simulated goaf, the release ports are arranged at the top of the simulated goaf in a row-by-row mode, the central distance between every two adjacent release ports is 5cm, the gas outlet ends of the release ports are located in the same plane, and the gas inlet ends are connected with a gas bottle rubber pipe; the releasing ports are randomly grouped according to actual conditions, the releasing ports in the same group are connected with the same rubber hose, the gas releasing amount of each releasing port is the same, the general gas releasing amount of the releasing ports in different groups is different, and the gas releasing amount of each group can be randomly adjusted according to the actual conditions; the gas flowmeter is used for monitoring the gas emission quantity of the gas bottle and each gas emission opening in real time, and is arranged at the gas bottle opening and the rubber tube of each gas emission and emission opening; the gas emission master control box is used for controlling gas emission of the multifunctional simulation experiment table and comprises a gas emission amount display, a coal wall gas emission simulation control module, a goaf gas emission simulation control module and an adjacent layer gas emission simulation control module; the gas emission quantity display is connected with each gas flowmeter, and the numerical values of each gas flowmeter are obtained and then displayed in a curve form; the simulated coal wall gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve I and a flow control platform I; the flow control valve I is arranged at the rubber pipe of each section of gas emission and release port of the simulated coal wall and is used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe; the flow control table I is used for setting the number of sections for simulating the gas emission of the coal wall and the real-time gas emission quantity of each section of the simulated coal wall, is connected with the flow control valve I and controls the flow control valve I according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each section of the simulated coal wall so as to achieve the aim of controlling the gas emission quantity of the simulated coal wall according to requirements; when the real-time gas emission amount of the simulated coal wall is set, determining according to the fact that the gas emission amount of the coal wall and the exposure time of the coal wall are in a negative exponential function relationship; the simulation goaf gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve II and a flow control platform II; the flow control valve II is arranged at the rubber pipe of each section of gas emission release port of the simulated goaf and is used for controlling the gas flow of each section of rubber pipe; the flow control table II is used for setting the number of sections for simulating gas emission of the goaf and the real-time gas emission quantity of each section of simulated goaf, is connected with the flow control valve II and controls the flow control valve II according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each section of simulated goaf so as to achieve the aim of controlling the gas emission quantity of the simulated goaf according to requirements; when the real-time gas emission amount of the simulated goaf is set, determining according to the fact that the gas emission amount of the goaf and the exposure time of the left coal are in a negative exponential function relationship; the simulation adjacent layer gas emission control module comprises a flow control valve III and a flow control platform III; the flow control valve III is arranged at each group of rubber pipes simulating gas emission release openings of adjacent layers and is used for controlling the gas flow of each group of rubber pipes; the flow control table III is used for setting the grouping number of the simulated adjacent layer gas emission and the real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports, is connected with the flow control valve III, and controls the flow control valve III according to the set real-time gas emission quantity of each group of simulated adjacent layer gas emission release ports so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and simulating the adjacent layer gas emission quantity according to requirements.
4. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep well multiple disaster sources according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the heating control system comprises an air flow preheating control system, a simulated stope heating control system and a residual coal oxidation heating control system; the air flow preheating control system is used for heating mine air flow and comprises a heating console I, a heating net, a gas channel and a gas temperature sensor; the heating control console I is used for setting the temperature of the heating net and displaying the temperature of the mine air flow; the heating net is formed by weaving resistance wires, is connected with the heating console I, is arranged in the gas channel, and is arranged in multiple layers according to the temperature of the gas to be heated; the shape of the gas channel is a hollow regular quadrangular prism and is made of a transparent hard plastic plate, the gas inlet end is connected with the atmosphere, and the gas outlet end is connected with the air inlet side of the simulation tunnel or a ventilator; the gas temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the heated gas in the gas channel and transmitting a detection value to the heating console I for displaying, and the heating console I adjusts the temperature of the heating net according to the measured gas temperature; the heating control system of the simulated stope comprises a heating control console II, a heating sheet and a temperature sensor I; the heating control console II is used for controlling the temperature of the heating sheet and displaying the temperatures of the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillar, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall; the heating sheets are flatly laid and buried in concrete of the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillars, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall, are connected with the heating control console II and are used for simulating a geothermal system of a stope; the heating sheets are embedded in three parallel layers, the distance between two adjacent layers is 2cm, and the temperature of each layer of heating sheet is independently controlled; the temperature sensor I is buried in the simulation bottom plate, the simulation coal pillar, the simulation tunnel wall and the simulation coal wall surface, is used for measuring the surface temperature of each part, transmits the measured value to the heating console II for displaying, and the heating console II adjusts the temperature of the heating sheet according to the temperature of each part; the left coal oxidation heating control system is used for heating left coal, controlling the oxidation heating rate of the left coal, and shortening the natural ignition period and the experimental period of the left coal, and comprises a heating control console III, a heater and a temperature sensor II; the heating control console III is used for controlling the temperature of the heater and displaying the highest temperature of the temperature sensor II; the heater is used for heating the residual coal in the simulated goaf, is placed at the bottom of the residual coal and is connected with the heating control console III, the heaters are divided into a plurality of groups to be arranged according to the oxidation heating characteristic of the residual coal on site and the area of the simulated goaf, and the temperature of each group is independently controlled through the heating control console III; the temperature sensors II are buried in the residual coal in two layers in a row mode and are connected with the heating control console III, and the residual coal heater is adjusted according to the maximum temperature of each temperature sensor II displayed by the heating control console III so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature rising rate of the residual coal.
5. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep well multiple disaster sources according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the ventilation system comprises a ventilation system control console, a ventilator, an adjusting air window, an air speed sensor and an air flow temperature sensor; the ventilation system control console is used for controlling the air volume of the ventilator, displaying performance parameters of the ventilator and simulating the air volume, the air speed, the air flow temperature, the air flow dynamic pressure and the static pressure in a roadway; the ventilator is an axial flow ventilator which can be freely detached, is arranged on the air inlet side or the air return side of the simulation roadway and is used for simulating the extraction type, press-in type and mixed type ventilation of a mine; the ventilator is connected with the ventilation system console, the wind pressure, wind volume, power, rotating speed and efficiency parameters of the ventilator are transmitted to the ventilation system console and displayed, and the ventilation system console adjusts the working condition of the ventilator according to the performance parameters of the ventilator; the adjusting air window is made of a rectangular iron plate, a rectangular window is cut in the middle of the adjusting air window, the upper side and the lower side of the window are respectively provided with a slideway, transparent toughened glass is arranged on the slideways, and the area of the window is increased or reduced by sliding the toughened glass on the slideways, so that the aim of adjusting the air volume and the ventilation resistance of a roadway is fulfilled; an air inlet side and an air return side in the simulation tunnel are respectively provided with an adjusting air window, and the adjusting air windows are used simultaneously or independently; the adjusting air window is connected with a ventilation control console, and the ventilation control console automatically controls and adjusts the opening area of the air window according to the requirement; the wind speed sensor is used for measuring the wind speed in the simulation tunnel and obtaining the wind volume of the simulation tunnel according to the measured wind speed, and the wind speed sensor is arranged in an area where the wind flow in the simulation tunnel is relatively stable so as to reduce the influence of turbulence on the wind speed measurement; according to the size of the section of the simulation tunnel, 5-10 wind speed sensors are respectively arranged in the same section of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the central point of the simulation tunnel are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation tunnel, the average wind speed of a certain section in the simulation tunnel is obtained through calculation according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of the certain section of the simulation tunnel are obtained through the average wind speed; each wind speed sensor is connected with a ventilation system control console, and the ventilation system control console processes the received data of each wind speed sensor and displays the air volume, the highest wind speed, the lowest wind speed, the average wind speed and the dynamic pressure of the air inlet side and the air return side of the simulation tunnel; the system comprises a ventilation system console, a wind flow temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind flow temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a ventilation system control console and a display screen, wherein the wind flow temperature sensor is used for measuring the wind flow temperature in the simulation tunnel, the arrangement quantity and the arrangement mode of the wind flow temperature sensor are the same as those of the wind speed sensor, each wind flow temperature sensor is connected with the ventilation system console, and the ventilation system console processes received data of each wind flow temperature sensor and displays the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and.
6. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep wells and multiple disaster sources according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the data information acquisition and analysis system comprises a simulated stope gas concentration and component monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analysis system, a simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analysis system and a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analysis system; the gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing system of the simulated stope comprises a gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console and various gas concentration sensors; the gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling the monitoring system, analyzing relevant data and displaying an analysis result; each gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of each gas in the simulated goaf, the simulated roadway and the simulated working face; the gas concentration sensors in the simulated goaf are arranged in a layered and lined mode, the arrangement mode of the gas concentration sensors in a certain section in the simulated roadway and the simulated working face is the same as that of the wind speed sensors, and the position, the number and the included gas sensors of the section are determined according to the experimental requirements; each gas concentration sensor is connected with a gas concentration and component monitoring and analyzing console, and the monitoring and analyzing console processes and analyzes received data and then displays the data; the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing system is used for monitoring residual coal, simulating goaf gas temperature and analyzing temperature distribution and change rules, and comprises a simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console and a simulated goaf temperature sensor; the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling each temperature sensor and displaying the data measured by the simulated goaf temperature sensors after processing and analyzing; the simulated goaf temperature sensor comprises a residual coal temperature sensor and a simulated goaf gas temperature sensor; the left coal temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the left coal, the left coal temperature sensor is buried in the left coal in a layered and row-by-row mode, and the specific number of layers and the total number of the left coal sensors are determined according to the left coal amount and the left coal distribution characteristics; the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor is used for measuring the gas temperature of the simulated goaf, and the simulated goaf gas temperature sensor is buried in the caving rock above the residual coal of the simulated goaf in a layered and lined mode and is arranged in parallel with each gas concentration sensor of the simulated goaf; the simulated goaf temperature sensor is connected with the simulated goaf temperature monitoring and analyzing console, and the console processes and analyzes the received simulated goaf temperature data and displays the distribution rule and the change rule of the simulated goaf temperature.
7. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep wells and multiple disaster sources according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the system comprises a monitoring and analyzing console for the air leakage speed of the simulated goaf and a thermosensitive air speed sensor for the simulated goaf; the simulated goaf air leakage speed monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensor, processing and analyzing data measured by the simulated goaf thermosensitive air speed sensor and displaying the data; the simulated goaf thermosensitive wind speed sensor is used for monitoring wind speeds at all measuring points in the simulated goaf, and is buried in the coal left in the simulated goaf and the caving rock above the simulated goaf in a layered and row-by-row mode and arranged in parallel with all temperature sensors in the simulated goaf; the simulation goaf heat-sensitive wind speed sensor is connected with the simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed monitoring and analyzing console, the console processes and analyzes the received simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed data, and the distribution and change rule of the simulation goaf wind leakage wind speed are displayed.
8. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching spontaneous combustion characteristics of residual coal under the action of deep wells and multiple disaster sources according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing system is used for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage and analyzing the change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage, and comprises a simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console and an air speed sensor used for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage; the simulated goaf air leakage monitoring and analyzing console is used for controlling an air speed sensor for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, processing and analyzing data measured by the air speed sensor for monitoring the simulated goaf air leakage, and obtaining and displaying a change rule of the simulated goaf air leakage; the air speed sensor for monitoring the air leakage amount of the simulated goaf is used for measuring the air speed in a simulated working face, five sections are selected in the simulated working face for measuring the air speed, a measuring section is respectively arranged at an air inlet and an air return inlet of the simulated working face, and three measuring sections are determined between the air inlet and the air return inlet according to the equal distance; according to the size of the section of the simulation working surface, 5-10 wind speed sensors are arranged in the same section of the simulation working surface, the distances from the wind speed sensors to the center point of the simulation working surface are different, the wind speed sensors measure the wind speeds at different positions in the simulation working surface, the average wind speed of each section in the simulation working surface is obtained through calculation according to the wind speeds measured by the wind speed sensors, and the wind volume and the dynamic pressure of each section of the simulation working surface are obtained through the average wind speed; the change of the air leakage of the simulated goaf is obtained according to the air volume change between the sections in the simulation working face; the air speed sensor for monitoring the air leakage of the simulated goaf is connected with the monitoring and analyzing console for monitoring the air leakage of the simulated goaf, and the console processes and analyzes the measured data and displays the change rule of the air leakage of the simulated goaf and the dynamic pressure of each section of the simulated working face.
9. The multifunctional simulation experiment table for researching the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the residual coal under the action of the deep well multiple disaster sources according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the central master control system comprises a central control system box body, a control power supply, a data memory, a data processor and a data display; the control power supply controls the power supplies of other systems in the simulation experiment table through a power line; the data memory is used for storing data of the multifunctional simulation experiment table; after the control console of each subsystem in the simulation experiment table processes the data measured by each sensor, the data are transmitted to the central control system through a data line, and the central control system stores each data by using the data storage device; the data processor is used for processing the data in the data memory to obtain the relationship among the data; the data display is used for displaying the analysis result of the data processor, and the control power supply, the data memory, the data processor and the data display are all placed in the central control system box body.
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