CN109060124B - Communication light beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system based on digital micromirror - Google Patents

Communication light beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system based on digital micromirror Download PDF

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CN109060124B
CN109060124B CN201810909105.7A CN201810909105A CN109060124B CN 109060124 B CN109060124 B CN 109060124B CN 201810909105 A CN201810909105 A CN 201810909105A CN 109060124 B CN109060124 B CN 109060124B
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light
oam
mode
mirror device
digital micro
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CN109060124A (en
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杨春勇
邹文康
兰悦
侯金
钟志有
陈少平
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South Central Minzu University
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South Central University for Nationalities
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems

Abstract

The invention discloses a recognition system of a communication beam orbital angular momentum mode based on a digital micromirror, and relates to the optical communication technology. The system is as follows: the He-Ne laser is communicated with the 1 st beam splitter from front to back, the 1 st beam splitter is respectively communicated with the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd spatial light modulator, the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd spatial light modulator are respectively communicated with the 2 nd beam splitter, and the 2 nd beam splitter, the 1 st digital micro-mirror device, the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device, the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device, the lens and the charge coupled camera are sequentially communicated. The invention uses digital micromirror equipment to realize the separation and identification of multiplexing multimode orbital angular momentum beams; the phase compensation mechanism is utilized to realize the distortion correction of the phase of each facula; the diffraction recognition mechanism is utilized to realize the mode recognition of any mode orbital angular momentum, and the mode recognition of the multi-mode orbital angular momentum light beam is realized as a whole.

Description

Communication light beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system based on digital micromirror
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical communication technology, in particular to a communication beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system based on a digital micro mirror.
Background
Orbital angular momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM) beams, also known as vortex beams, refer to the fact that their wavefront comprises a helical phase structure, and the light field intensity distribution exhibits a circular ring structure characteristic; the spiral phase function expression of the OAM beam is exp (ilθ), wherein θ is an angular coordinate, l is an azimuth index, and the magnitude value of l determines the topological charge number of the OAM beam. Theoretically, the topology charge number of the OAM beam may be arbitrarily changed, and different OAM states are orthogonal to each other. The OAM beam has the unique characteristics, so that the OAM beam has great potential application value in the aspects of optical operation, remote sensing technology, optical tweezers, quantum information technology, free space optical communication and the like. Therefore, the method for accurately measuring the topology charge number of the OAM beam, including the numerical value of the OAM mode and the positive and negative of the mode, has important significance for the application and research of the OAM beam in various fields.
In recent years, research on the application of OAM beams in optical communications has attracted attention from many students. In the research of traditional OAM optical communication, people commonly use a spatial light modulator to realize the regulation and control of an optical field. With the development of optical communication, the advantages of the digital micromirror device such as super-strong light field regulation performance are utilized in the generation of OAM light beams, and the research of the digital micromirror device applied to OAM light beam pattern recognition is rarely reported. In optical communication, OAM light beams with different topological charges can realize mode multiplexing communication, and mode identification on the OAM of the mode multiplexing is an important ring in application research such as optical communication and the like, and is also a difficult problem to be solved. At present, OAM beam pattern recognition studies are mainly limited to pattern recognition of single-mode OAM beams, and studies on OAM beam pattern recognition of two or more modes have been rarely reported. The phase profile of a general OAM beam can well reveal the mode information of the OAM beam, which contains the topology charge number of the OAM beam, but the phase of the OAM beam is difficult to obtain in actual detection, so it will become relatively easy to measure the mode state of the OAM beam by studying its optical field distribution. OAM pattern recognition methods are broadly divided into two types, one being an interferometric recognition method and the other being a diffractive recognition method. The interference identification method mainly utilizes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to interfere OAM light beams with two opposite modes, and can accurately measure the numerical value of the OAM light beam mode by observing the pattern rule after interference, but the method can not identify the positive and negative of the OAM light beam mode. The diffraction recognition method mainly utilizes grating diffraction to realize the recognition of an OAM mode, and the principle is that an OAM beam is irradiated on a spatial light modulator loaded with a specific grating, a diffraction pattern with regularity is obtained through the diffraction of the beam, and the distribution rule of bright and dark stripes in the diffraction pattern is analyzed to realize the measurement of the OAM to the beam mode. The problem of multi-mode OAM beam pattern recognition is difficult to solve by using the limited method of interference or diffraction recognition, and the main reasons are that there is serious crosstalk between OAM beams of different modes when multiplexed beams are interfered or diffracted, and the crosstalk is difficult to eliminate. The method is simple in thought, the practical link is built simply, only one OAM beam can be identified at the same time, and mode identification of the multi-mode multiplexing OAM beam is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a communication beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system based on a digital micro mirror. The system breaks through the traditional OAM beam mode identification method, combines the beam separation technology and the diffraction identification technology, and realizes the mode identification of the multimode OAM beam. Meanwhile, the invention replaces expensive spatial light modulator with digital micro-mirror equipment with low price and better performance to realize OAM mode identification, and meanwhile, compared with the existing method for realizing OAM mode identification, the method has the advantage of multi-mode identification.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is specifically implemented as follows:
1. communication light beam orbital angular momentum mode identification system (short system) based on digital micro-mirror
The system comprises a He-Ne laser, a 1 st beam splitter, a 1 st spatial light modulator, a 2 nd beam splitter, a 1 st digital micro-mirror device, a 2 nd digital micro-mirror device, a 3 rd digital micro-mirror device, a lens and a charge coupled camera;
the communication relation is that;
the He-Ne laser is communicated with the 1 st beam splitter from front to back, the 1 st beam splitter is respectively communicated with the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd spatial light modulator, the 1 st spatial light modulator and the 2 nd spatial light modulator are respectively communicated with the 2 nd beam splitter, and the 2 nd beam splitter, the 1 st digital micro-mirror device, the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device, the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device, the lens and the charge coupled camera are sequentially communicated.
2. Communication light beam orbital angular momentum mode identification method (short method) based on digital micro-mirror
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) the Gaussian light emitted by the He-Ne laser is divided into two paths of Gaussian light b and c in different directions through a 1 st beam splitter;
(2) the Gaussian light b and the Gaussian light c are respectively irradiated to a 1 st spatial light modulator and a 2 nd spatial light modulator loaded with fork patterns of different modes to prepare OAM light beams d and e of corresponding modes;
(3) the OAM light beams d and e are irradiated on a 2 nd beam splitter, so that the OAM light beams are combined to prepare multi-mode OAM multiplexing light f;
(4) because the optical ring radiuses corresponding to the OAM light of each mode in the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light f are different, the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light f is irradiated into the 1 st digital micro-mirror device loaded with the coordinate conversion grating through the coordinate conversion technology in the beam separation technology, so that the OAM light of different modes in the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light is separated into different coordinate positions under the same coordinate system;
(5) because the light beam is affected by distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence when transmitting in free space, the separated OAM light of each mode needs to be subjected to phase correction, and multiplexing OAM light of different modes separated at different coordinate positions under the same coordinate system is processed by a 2 nd digital micro-mirror device loaded with a phase compensation grating to prepare better OAM light of each mode after compensation;
(6) loading a corresponding identification grating in the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device by utilizing a diffraction identification technology, and irradiating the compensated good OAM light of each mode on the corresponding identification grating to obtain a stripe light pattern corresponding to the OAM light of each mode;
(7) the method comprises the steps of detecting a fringe light pattern corresponding to OAM light of each mode focused by a lens through a charge coupled camera, judging the multiplexing of a plurality of OAM light beams according to the number of light spots formed on the charge coupled camera, and meanwhile, analyzing the fringe number rule of light and dark intervals of a single light spot to obtain the topological charge number of the OAM light beam of the corresponding mode.
The innovation point of the invention is that:
1. the digital micromirror device is used for realizing the separation of various multiplexing orbital angular momentum, and the coordinate conversion principle is utilized for realizing the separation of multiplexing orbital angular momentum beams to form a plurality of light spots;
2. the digital micromirror device is used for measuring orbital angular momentum, a special grating structure is designed, and the recognition function of the orbital angular momentum is realized by utilizing the diffraction principle of light;
3. the ultra-strong regulation and control function of digital micromirror equipment on the light field is utilized by combining multiplexing orbital angular momentum separation technology and measurement technology, so that pattern recognition of various multiplexing orbital angular momentums is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) mode identification of multimode multiplexing OAM light beams is realized;
(2) the equipment price is relatively cheap, and the operation is simple;
(3) simple structure and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture of the present system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate conversion grating loaded in the 1 st digital micromirror device 6;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of loading a phase compensation grating in the 2 nd digital micromirror device 7;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the identification of the coordinates diffraction by loading in the 3 rd digital micromirror device 8.
In the figure:
1-He-Ne laser;
2-1 st beam splitter (BS 1);
3-1 st spatial light modulator (SLM 1);
4-2 nd spatial light modulator (SLM 2);
5-2 nd beam splitter (BS 2);
6-1 st digital micromirror device (DMD 1);
7-2 nd digital micromirror device (DMD 2);
8-3 rd digital micromirror device (DMD 3);
9-a lens;
10-charge Coupled Camera (CCD).
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
1. System and method for controlling a system
1. Overall (L)
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a He-Ne laser 1, a 1 st beam splitter 2, a 1 st spatial light modulator 3, a 2 nd spatial light modulator 4, a 2 nd beam splitter 5, a 1 st digital micromirror device 6, a 2 nd digital micromirror device 7, a 3 rd digital micromirror device 8, a lens 9 and a charge coupled camera 10;
the communication relation is that;
the He-Ne laser 1 and the 1 st beam splitter 2 are communicated back and forth, the 1 st beam splitter 2 is respectively communicated with the 1 st spatial light modulator 3 and the 2 nd spatial light modulator 4, the 1 st spatial light modulator 3 and the 2 nd spatial light modulator 4 are respectively communicated with the 2 nd beam splitter 5, and the 2 nd beam splitter 5, the 1 st digital micro-mirror device 6, the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device 7, the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device 8, the lens 9 and the charge coupled camera 10 are sequentially communicated.
2. Functional component
1) He-Ne laser 1
He-Ne laser 1 is an invisible light laser having a wavelength of 1550 nm.
The device is to provide gaussian light at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
2) 1 st beam splitter 2
The 1 st beam splitter 2 is an optical device that splits or combines a light beam.
The device equally divides one beam of light into a plurality of beams of light which are directed to different directions, namely, a beam of light a is divided into a beam of light b and a beam of light c.
3) 1 st spatial light modulator 3
The 1 st spatial light modulator 3 is a device that applies an amount of information to a two-dimensional optical data field;
the device can spatially change the phase, polarization and intensity distribution of a two-dimensional light field.
The function of the method is to add different spiral phase factors on the light field distribution of the light beam to form different OAM light beams:
the 1 st spatial light modulator 3 is used for generating a topology value of l 1 Is an OAM beam of (c).
4) 2 nd spatial light modulator 4
The 2 nd spatial light modulator 4 and the 1 st spatial light modulator 3 are the same device;
the 2 nd spatial light modulator 4 is used for generating a topology value of l 2 Is an OAM beam of (c).
5) 2 nd beam splitter 5
The 2 nd beam splitter 5 and the 1 st beam splitter 2 are the same device;
the device combines a plurality of light beams into one light beam, namely, a light beam d and a light beam e are combined into a light beam f.
6) 1 st digital micromirror device 6
The 1 st digital micromirror device 6 is an opening and closing device for realizing an optical switch by using a rotating mirror, which can spatially change the phase, polarization and intensity distribution of a two-dimensional light field.
The function of the optical field coordinate conversion device is to regulate and control the optical field by adding a specific coordinate conversion grating, so that the coordinate conversion of the optical field is realized, and the coordinate of the incident light is converted.
7) 2 nd digital micromirror device 7
The 2 nd digital micro-mirror device 7 and the 1 st digital micro-mirror device 6 are the same device;
the function of the system is to realize the phase correction of the light field by adding a specific phase correction grating, and realize the phase compensation by utilizing the superstrong regulation and control of the DMD to the light field;
8) 3 rd digital micromirror device 8
The 3 rd digital micro mirror device 8 and the 1 st digital micro mirror device 6 are the same device;
the function is to add a specific diffraction recognition grating, and to convert the phase and intensity distribution of the light field into a fringe pattern by utilizing the diffraction principle of light.
9) Lens 9
The lens 9 is an optical lens having condensing and phase transforming functions;
its function is to use its optical properties to phase shift the light beam j to better image it on the ccd camera 10.
10 Charge coupled camera 10)
The charge coupled camera 10 is a device that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal, and converts the electrical signal into a digital image signal through an external sampling amplification and analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
Its function is to capture the light beam after conversion by the lens 9 and to image the distribution of its light field with high quality.
3. Working mechanism
The combination of the coordinate conversion principle and the phase correction compensation of the OAM beam can be used for realizing the separation technology of the multiplexed OAM beam, and finally, the mode identification of the multimode multiplexed OAM beam can be realized by utilizing the separation technology of the multimode OAM beam and combining the diffraction identification method of the single-mode OAM beam.
As shown in fig. 1, a gaussian light a emitted by a laser 1 is divided into two paths of gaussian light b and c by a 1 st beam splitter 2, and then the beams b and c respectively pass through 1 st and 2 nd spatial light modulators 3 and 4 to generate OAM beams d and e with different topological values, wherein the topological value of the beam d is l 1 (-20<l 1 <=20), the topological value of the e-beam is l 2 (-20<l 2 <=20), and then, beam combination is performed through the 2 nd beam splitter 5 to realize the multiplexing of the OAM beam, so as to obtain a dual-mode multiplexed OAM beam f;
because the light intensity distribution of the OAM light beams is in a circular structure, and the OAM light beams with different topological charges are orthogonal to each other, the 1 st digital micro-mirror device 6 is loaded with a specific coordinate conversion grating, a micro lens in the 1 st digital micro-mirror device 6 is regulated and controlled, the OAM light beam light field coordinate conversion is realized, the light beam f is converted into the light beam g, the light beam g is subjected to phase aberration due to the coordinate conversion of the OAM light beam, and in order to solve the problem, the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device 7 is additionally provided with a specific aberration compensation grating, so that the phase correction is carried out on the light beam g, and the aberration is eliminated to form the light beam h;
and a special diffraction recognition grating is added to the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device 8, the light beam h is converted into a light beam j with regular field intensity distribution by utilizing a far-field diffraction principle, and finally, the light beam j is focused to a charge coupled camera 10 to be received through a lens 9, so that two light spots which are formed by light and dark alternate stripes with a certain interval can be observed, the multiplexing of a plurality of OAM light beams can be judged by judging the number of the formed light spots, and meanwhile, the topological charge number of the OAM light beams with a corresponding mode can be obtained by regularly analyzing the number of the light and dark alternate stripes of a single light spot.
4. Further description of the specific gratings added to the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd digital micromirror devices 6, 7 th, 8
Loading a coordinate conversion grating in a 1 st digital micro-mirror device (6), and separating light of different modes in the multiplexed light beam f under different coordinates;
a phase compensation grating is loaded in the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device (7) to compensate the phase distortion suffered by different OAM lights in turbulent flow transmission;
and loading a diffraction recognition grating in the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device (8), and respectively carrying out diffraction recognition on the OAM with different modes to obtain a corresponding fringe pattern.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the special grating principle expression is as follows:
1) The 1 st digital micromirror device 6 has a coordinate conversion raster function expression:
where x, y represents the abscissa and ordinate of the beam, a, b are the zoom length, f is the fourier lens focal length, and λ is the beam wavelength.
2) Phase correction raster function expression in the 2 nd digital micromirror device 7:
where x, y represents the abscissa and ordinate of the beam, a, b are the zoom length, f is the fourier lens focal length, λ is the beam wavelength, and u, v are the coordinates on the output plane.
3) The 3 rd digital micro mirror device 8 can be selected from the expression of grating function:
A. circular amplitude grating:
wherein r is a grating parameter, and a is a grating period;
B. circular phase grating:
t 2 (r)=exp(i2πr/a)
wherein r is a grating parameter, and a is a grating period;
C. bar-shaped gradual change grating
Wherein x and y are grating parameters, T 1 、T 2 Is the grating period, n 1 、n 2 Is a fade parameter.
Diffraction function expression is generated between an incident vortex beam and a special grating:
(x, y) is the far field cylindrical coordinates; (ζ, η) is the cylindrical coordinates of the grating; l is the topology value, k is the wave vector, z is the distance, OAM l Is an l-mode OAM optical model, and t (r) is a raster expression.

Claims (1)

1. A digital micromirror-based recognition system for orbital angular momentum modes of a communication beam, characterized in that:
the device comprises a He-Ne laser (1), a 1 st beam splitter (2), a 1 st spatial light modulator (3), a 2 nd spatial light modulator (4), a 2 nd beam splitter (5), a 1 st digital micro-mirror device (6), a 2 nd digital micro-mirror device (7), a 3 rd digital micro-mirror device (8), a lens (9) and a charge coupled camera (10);
the communication relation is that;
the He-Ne laser (1) is communicated with the 1 st beam splitter (2) from front to back, the 1 st beam splitter (2) is respectively communicated with the 1 st spatial light modulator (3) and the 2 nd spatial light modulator (4), the 1 st spatial light modulator (3) and the 2 nd spatial light modulator (4) are respectively communicated with the 2 nd beam splitter (5), and the 2 nd beam splitter (5), the 1 st digital micro-mirror device (6), the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device (7), the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device (8), the lens (9) and the charge coupled camera (10) are sequentially communicated;
loading a coordinate conversion grating in a 1 st digital micro-mirror device (6), and separating light of different modes in the multiplexed light beam f under different coordinates;
a phase compensation grating is loaded in the 2 nd digital micro-mirror device (7) to compensate the phase distortion suffered by different OAM lights in turbulent flow transmission;
loading a diffraction recognition grating in the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device (8), and respectively carrying out diffraction recognition on the OAM with different modes to obtain a corresponding fringe pattern;
the identification method of the identification system comprises the following steps:
(1) the Gaussian light emitted by the laser (1) is divided into two paths of Gaussian light b and c in different directions through a 1 st beam splitter (2);
(2) the Gaussian light b and the Gaussian light c are respectively irradiated to a 1 st spatial light modulator (3) and a 2 nd spatial light modulator (4) loaded with fork patterns of different modes to prepare OAM light beams d and e of corresponding modes;
(3) the OAM beams d and e are irradiated on a 2 nd beam splitter (5), so that the OAM beams are combined to prepare multi-mode OAM multiplexing light f;
(4) because the optical ring radiuses corresponding to the OAM light of each mode in the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light f are different, the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light f is irradiated into a 1 st digital micro-mirror device (6) loaded with a coordinate conversion grating through a coordinate conversion technology in a beam separation technology, so that the OAM light of different modes in the multi-mode OAM multiplexed light is separated into different coordinate positions under the same coordinate system;
(5) because the light beam can be affected by distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence when transmitting in free space, the separated OAM light of each mode needs to be subjected to phase correction, and multiplexing OAM light of different modes separated at different coordinate positions under the same coordinate system passes through a 2 nd digital micro-mirror device (7) loaded with a phase compensation grating to prepare the OAM light of each mode with better compensation;
(6) the diffraction recognition technology is utilized, corresponding recognition gratings are loaded in the 3 rd digital micro-mirror device (8), and the compensated good OAM light of each mode is irradiated on the corresponding light to obtain a fringe light diagram corresponding to the OAM light of each mode;
(7) the CCD camera (10) detects the fringe light patterns corresponding to the OAM light of each mode focused by the lens (9), the multiplexing of a plurality of OAM light beams is judged for the number of light spots formed on the CCD camera (10), and meanwhile, the topological charge number of the OAM light beams of the corresponding mode is obtained by analyzing the fringe number rule of the light and shade intervals of a single light spot.
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