CN109057885A - A kind of load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course - Google Patents
A kind of load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course Download PDFInfo
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- CN109057885A CN109057885A CN201810902085.0A CN201810902085A CN109057885A CN 109057885 A CN109057885 A CN 109057885A CN 201810902085 A CN201810902085 A CN 201810902085A CN 109057885 A CN109057885 A CN 109057885A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
- F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
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- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to Steam Turbine technical fields, more particularly to a kind of load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course, before vapor (steam) temperature rises to set temperature value, steam pressure is improved to the larger pressure value for being greater than setup pressure value to one, and steam flow increases accordingly the larger flow value for being greater than setting flow value to one, when steam pressure reaches larger pressure value and steam flow reaches larger flow value, unit load reaches assumed load value;Then, steam pressure is decreased to setup pressure value, and steam flow is decreased to set flow value therewith, meanwhile, vapor (steam) temperature rises to set temperature value.It can be realized unit load and reach assumed load value under the vapor (steam) temperature lower than set temperature value, the starting time can be shortened, can also be equipped with lesser steam temperature rise rate to reduce unit fatigue life losing quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the load up sides in Steam Turbine technical field more particularly to a kind of Steam Turbine start-up course
Method.
Background technique
Currently, tradition fire coal thermal power output specific gravity is progressively reduced, in domestic electrical energy market with wind-powered electricity generation, photo-thermal
Power generation is that the generation of electricity by new energy amount accounting of representative is gradually increased.
However, this kind of renewable sources of energy because being influenced by natural characteristic, often export it is unstable, power grid scheduling when then need
Fired power generating unit does the operation of peak regulation paddy.Then, power plant is to fired power generating unit spirit relevant to quick load change and quick start on-load
Runnability requirement living, it appears more prominent.Existing research shows that these movements will cause steam parameter empty inside unit
Between and time dimension on acute variation occurs, cause to form biggish temperature gradient inside components, and then generate biggish heat
Stress and low-cycle fatigue life loss resulting from are the matters of utmost importance faced.
Fig. 1 shows Steam Turbine rotor surface thermal stress versus time curve in conventional start-up course, it is seen then that opens
When " vapor (steam) temperature mutation " bring thermal shock (peak value 1) when the thermal stress peak value during dynamic is mainly red switch and load up
" temperature uniformly rises " (peak value 2) caused by.Rule between these factors is: (1) when red switch, vapor (steam) temperature is higher than steam turbine
The degree of the metal temperature of group components is higher, and caused thermal shock strength is bigger, and caused thermal stress is higher, the low-cycle fatigue longevity
It is bigger to order waste;(2) when load up, the uniform climbing speed of temperature is faster, and caused thermal stress is higher, low-cycle fatigue life damage
Consumption is bigger.It can be seen that the starting time can be shortened using higher red switch vapor (steam) temperature and biggish steam temperature rise rate,
But biggish Fatigue Life Expenditure can be caused, and biggish Fatigue Life Expenditure amount can make components in start-up course
Service life lowers, and reduces the number of starts of unit, causes that the daily start and stop of photo-thermal unit may be unable to satisfy and fired power generating unit is adjusted
The requirement of frequent start-stop when peak is run.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course, Neng Goushi
Existing unit load reaches assumed load value under the vapor (steam) temperature lower than set temperature value, to overcome the above-mentioned of the prior art to lack
It falls into.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: in a kind of Steam Turbine start-up course
Load up method, steam pressure, steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature and unit load point suitable for Steam Turbine start-up course
The load up process for not rising to setup pressure value, setting flow value, set temperature value and assumed load value, in vapor (steam) temperature
It rises to before set temperature value, steam pressure is improved to the larger pressure value for being greater than setup pressure value to one, and steam flow
The larger flow value for being greater than setting flow value to one is increased accordingly, when steam pressure reaches larger pressure value and steam flow reaches
When larger flow value, unit load reaches assumed load value;Then, steam pressure is decreased to setup pressure value, and steam stream
Amount is decreased to set flow value therewith, meanwhile, vapor (steam) temperature rises to set temperature value.
Preferably, setup pressure value, setting flow value, set temperature value and assumed load value are respectively Steam Turbine
Rated pressure value, metered flow value, rated temperature value and rated load value, Steam Turbine have one to be greater than rated pressure value
Safety limits pressure value and one is greater than the safe limited flow rate value of metered flow value, and larger pressure value is greater than rated pressure value and small
Pressure value is limited in safety, larger flow value is greater than metered flow value and is less than safe limited flow rate value.
Preferably, assumed load value is less than the rated load value of Steam Turbine, setup pressure value, setting flow value and setting
Temperature value matches with assumed load value, and setup pressure value is less than the rated pressure value of Steam Turbine, and setting flow value is less than
The metered flow value of Steam Turbine, set temperature value are less than or equal to the rated temperature value of Steam Turbine.
Preferably, the difference of larger pressure value and setup pressure value is the 3%-7% of setup pressure value.
Preferably, Steam Turbine is thermal power steam turbine group or photo-thermal Steam Turbine.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has significant progress:
Load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course of the invention, by rising to set temperature value in vapor (steam) temperature
Steam pressure is improved to the larger pressure value for being greater than setup pressure value to one before, and steam flow is increased accordingly to one to be greater than and be set
The larger flow value of constant current magnitude realizes that unit load reaches assumed load value under the vapor (steam) temperature lower than set temperature value.
Therefore, on the one hand, under identical steam temperature rise rate, compare conventional starting method, load up method of the invention can
Unit load is set to reach assumed load value in advance under lower vapor (steam) temperature, i.e. quickening unit load rises to assumed load
Value can reduce the consumption of starting ability, improve Unit Economic benefit to effectively shorten the unit starting time;On the other hand, in phase
Under the same starting time, conventional starting method, load up method of the invention, since unit load is in lower steam are compared
At a temperature of reach assumed load value, therefore lesser steam temperature rise rate can be equipped with, i.e. steam temperature rise in reduction start-up course
Rate, to reduce the low-cycle fatigue life losing quantity of unit, extends unit zero thus, it is possible to reduce the thermal stress of unit level
The flawless service life of component improves security performance and service life, realizes the more number of starts, meet unit frequent start-stop
Service requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Steam Turbine rotor surface thermal stress versus time curve in conventional start-up course.
Fig. 2 is the typical start up curve of conventional Steam Turbine.
Fig. 3 is the start up curve of the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the embodiment of the present invention compared with conventional starting method
It saves the starting time and increases the schematic diagram of generated energy.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.These embodiments are only used for
Illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is
It is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as pair
Limitation of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, a feature of the typical start up curve of conventional Steam Turbine is: unit load reaches in vapor (steam) temperature
It can be only achieved rated load value when rated temperature value, steam pressure reach rated pressure value, steam flow reaches metered flow value,
Also that is, only when parameters reach rated value, unit can be only achieved full state.And in start-up course by unit
Load rises to the case where a certain specific load value, then are as follows: reaches the certain negative in vapor (steam) temperature, steam pressure steam flow
When thermal-design value under charge values, unit load can be only achieved the specific load value.The thermal-design value refers in the spy
The matched optimal vapor (steam) temperature value of therrmodynamic system, pressure value and flow value under constant load value.
Referring to Fig. 3, a kind of embodiment of the load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course of the present invention.The vapour of the present embodiment
Take turns steam pressure, steam flow, steam of the load up method in unit start-up course suitable for Steam Turbine start-up course
Temperature and unit load rise to the liter of setup pressure value, setting flow value, set temperature value and assumed load value respectively
Load process, specifically: before vapor (steam) temperature rises to set temperature value, steam pressure is improved to a larger pressure value,
The larger pressure value is greater than setup pressure value, and steam flow is then improved with the increase of steam pressure to a larger flow value,
The larger flow value is greater than setting flow value;When steam pressure reaches larger pressure value and steam flow reaches larger flow value
When, unit load reaches assumed load value;Then, steam pressure is decreased to setup pressure value, and steam flow is with steam
The decline of pressure and be decreased to set flow value, meanwhile, vapor (steam) temperature rises to set temperature value.Thus Steam Turbine is completed
Load up process.
Load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment, by rising to set temperature in vapor (steam) temperature
Steam pressure is improved to the larger pressure value for being greater than setup pressure value to one, and steam flow increases accordingly to one and is greater than before value
The larger flow value of flow value is set, realizes that unit load reaches assumed load under the vapor (steam) temperature lower than set temperature value
Value.Therefore, on the one hand, under identical steam temperature rise rate, compare conventional starting method, load up method energy of the invention
Unit load is enough set to reach assumed load value in advance under lower vapor (steam) temperature, i.e. quickening unit load rises to assumed load
Value can reduce the consumption of starting ability, improve Unit Economic benefit to effectively shorten unit starting time (shown in Figure 3).
On the other hand, under the identical starting time, conventional starting method, load up method of the invention, since unit is negative are compared
Lotus reaches assumed load value under lower vapor (steam) temperature, therefore can be equipped with lesser steam temperature rise rate, that is, reduces and started
Steam temperature rise rate in journey, thus, it is possible to reduce the thermal stress of unit level, to reduce the low-cycle fatigue life consumption of unit
Damage amount extends the flawless service life of unit components, improves security performance and service life, realizes the more number of starts, full
The service requirement of sufficient unit frequent start-stop.
It should be noted that start up curve shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 was drawn according to the case where Steam Turbine cold start
System, and for convenience of comparing, in addition to steam pressure, steam flow and unit load difference in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, remaining parameter is uniform
It causes.But the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment is applicable not only to the cold start of Steam Turbine,
Warm starting and hot starting, hot start suitable for Steam Turbine.Also, the load up in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment
Method can not only realize the shortening unit starting time under identical steam temperature rise rate, also can be realized in identical starting
Reduce the steam temperature rise rate in start-up course under time.
The load up process that load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment is applicable in can be steamer
Process, i.e., the described setup pressure value are the rated pressure value of Steam Turbine to the liter of unit at full capacity, and the flow value that sets is vapour
The metered flow value of unit is taken turns, the set temperature value is the rated temperature value of Steam Turbine, and the assumed load value is steamer
The rated load value of unit.Since power generation turbine has the ability for bearing short pressure overrate, steam turbine
Group has a safety restriction pressure value for being greater than rated pressure value and one is greater than the safe limited flow rate value of metered flow value, and institute
State larger pressure value greater than rated pressure value and be less than safety limit pressure value, the larger flow value be greater than metered flow value and
Less than safe limited flow rate value.The power output of Steam Turbine is related with the acting ability of steam, and the acting ability of steam and steaming
The mass flow of vapour is related to enthalpy, and the enthalpy of steam is then related to the temperature of steam, pressure etc..Using the steamer of the present embodiment
Load up method during unit starting realizes that Steam Turbine rises at full capacity, can limit pressure value and peace in the safety of unit
Within the scope of full limited flow rate value, the superpressure potential of abundant digging utilization unit improves steam pressure, then the quality of steam can be improved
Flow can so cooperate higher mass flow under lower vapor (steam) temperature, and the hair in advance to realize unit load is full, together
Shi Buhui impacts the safety of unit.The rated pressure value, metered flow value, rated temperature value, rated load value, peace
Full restriction pressure value and safe limited flow rate value are not limited to, should be according to the starting state and fortune of the Steam Turbine of practical application
Row operating condition is set.
Certainly, the load up process that the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment is applicable in can also be with
It is the load up process that unit load is risen to a certain certain negative charge values less than rated load value, i.e., the described assumed load value is small
In the rated load value of Steam Turbine, setup pressure value, setting flow value and set temperature value match with assumed load value,
I.e. setup pressure value, setting flow value and set temperature value are respectively that the therrmodynamic system under the assumed load value is matched optimal
Vapour pressure force value, flow value and temperature value, setup pressure value are less than the rated pressure value of Steam Turbine, and setting flow value is less than vapour
The metered flow value of unit is taken turns, set temperature value is less than or equal to the rated temperature value of Steam Turbine.Using the vapour of the present embodiment
The setting of the Load lifting of Steam Turbine to less than rated load value is born in load up method realization in wheel unit start-up course
Charge values may be implemented to reduce steam temperature rise rate to reduce unit fatigue life losing quantity and shorten the starting time to reduce starting
The purpose of consumption.At this time, it is preferable that the difference of larger pressure value and setup pressure value can be the 3%-7% of setup pressure value.
Optimally, the difference of larger pressure value and setup pressure value can be set to the 5% of setup pressure value.The setup pressure value is set
Constant current magnitude, set temperature value and assumed load value are not limited to, should be according to the starting state of the Steam Turbine of practical application
And operating condition is set.
Load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment is applicable to photo-thermal Steam Turbine, also applicable
Photo-thermal can be shortened by using the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment in thermal power steam turbine group
The starting time of Steam Turbine or thermal power steam turbine group increases the unit oepration at full load time, improves Unit Economic benefit;It can also
Steam temperature rise rate when reducing photo-thermal Steam Turbine or the starting of thermal power steam turbine group during load up, reduces the heat of unit
Stress level and low-cycle fatigue life losing quantity, realize the more number of starts, meet the daily start and stop of photo-thermal unit and thermoelectricity vapour
The requirement of frequent start-stop when wheel unit does peaking operation.
By the liter for the photo-thermal Steam Turbine that one actually puts into operation at full capacity for, the nominal steam pressure value of the unit is
14Mpa (a), nominal steam temperature value are 540 DEG C, and nominal steam flow value is 151t/h.When based on power plant to the unit starting
Between and the number of starts requirement, when cold start, vapor (steam) temperature needed for red switch be set as 330 DEG C, steam pressure be set as 5.6Mpa
(a), after warming-up is abundant, just red switch to rated speed, and carry out simultaneously (electricity) net load up and operate.
According to conventional starting method, then need when the pressure of steam, flow and temperature reach above-mentioned rated value, machine
Group load can just rise full, and from grid-connected to being 87 minutes the time required to rising at full capacity, the steam temperature rise rate during load up is
3.5℃/min。
According to the load up method (the super method of flow of superpressure) of the present embodiment, in the situation that steam temperature rise rate is constant
Under, when steam pressure reaches 14.5Mpa (a), steam flow reaches 163t/h, vapor (steam) temperature is 494 DEG C, unit load
Reach rated load value, from it is grid-connected to time at full capacity is risen be 67 minutes, compare conventional starting method and save the time 20 and divide
Clock realizes multiple electricity 8.3MWh, i.e. 8300KWh, and referring to fig. 4, the area of dash area is the generated energy having more in Fig. 4.It can
See, the super method of flow of the superpressure of the present embodiment compares conventional starting method, can effectively shorten and start the time, improves unit
Economic benefit.Between on startup it is constant in the case where, then can by the steam temperature rise rate during load up control 2.7 DEG C/
Min, the corresponding fatigue life losing quantity point of thermal stress peak value caused by the steam temperature rise rate of 3.5 DEG C/min and 2.7 DEG C/min
Not Wei 0.33 ‰ and 0.12 ‰, the super method of flow of the superpressure of the present embodiment, which compares conventional starting method, more than enough to carry out more than 5200
Secondary start and stop.As it can be seen that the super method of flow of the superpressure of the present embodiment compares conventional starting method, the tired of unit can be effectively reduced
Labor service life losing quantity, realizes the more number of starts.
To sum up, the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment has the advantage that
(1) load up compared to the conventional starting method of Steam Turbine, in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment
Method can realize the shortening starting time, send out the economic benefit for improving steam-turbine unit at full capacity in advance.
(2) from the point of view of reverse, the load up method in the Steam Turbine start-up course of the present embodiment can be in identical starting
Between require under, by the super flow of steam superpressure, cooperate lower vapor (steam) temperature to realize that load rises and expire, therefore steam temperature can be reduced
The rate uniformly risen is spent, thermal stress and low-cycle fatigue life loss amount are reduced, more numbers of starts is realized for unit, extends
The flawless service life of unit components improves security performance and service life.
(3) without additional addition equipment, only pass through the superpressure potential of digging utilization unit, quickening load up can be realized
The purpose of (including rising at full capacity).
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and replacement can also be made, these are improved and replacement
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course, steam pressure suitable for Steam Turbine start-up course,
Steam flow, vapor (steam) temperature and unit load rise to setup pressure value, setting flow value, set temperature value respectively and set
The load up process of constant load value, which is characterized in that before vapor (steam) temperature rises to the set temperature value, by steam pressure
The larger pressure value for being greater than the setup pressure value to one is improved, and steam flow increases accordingly to one and is greater than the setting flow
The larger flow value of value, when steam pressure reaches the larger pressure value and steam flow reaches the larger flow value, machine
Group load reaches the assumed load value;Then, steam pressure is decreased to the setup pressure value, and steam flow subtracts therewith
The as low as described setting flow value, meanwhile, vapor (steam) temperature rises to the set temperature value.
2. the load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the setting pressure
Force value, setting flow value, set temperature value and assumed load value are respectively the rated pressure value of the Steam Turbine, specified stream
There is the safety for being greater than the rated pressure value to limit for magnitude, rated temperature value and rated load value, the Steam Turbine
Pressure value and one be greater than the metered flow value safe limited flow rate value, the larger pressure value be greater than the rated pressure value
And be less than the safety and limit pressure value, the larger flow value, which is greater than the metered flow value and is less than the safety, limits stream
Magnitude.
3. the load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the setting is negative
Charge values are less than the rated load value of the Steam Turbine, the setup pressure value, the setting flow value and the set temperature
Value matches with the assumed load value, and the setup pressure value is less than the rated pressure value of the Steam Turbine, described to set
Constant current magnitude is less than the metered flow value of the Steam Turbine, and the set temperature value is less than or equal to the volume of the Steam Turbine
Determine temperature value.
4. the load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the larger pressure
The difference of force value and the setup pressure value is the 3%-7% of the setup pressure value.
5. the load up method in Steam Turbine start-up course according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the steam turbine
Group is thermal power steam turbine group or photo-thermal Steam Turbine.
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