CN109055996A - A kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy - Google Patents

A kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy Download PDF

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CN109055996A
CN109055996A CN201811037765.7A CN201811037765A CN109055996A CN 109055996 A CN109055996 A CN 109055996A CN 201811037765 A CN201811037765 A CN 201811037765A CN 109055996 A CN109055996 A CN 109055996A
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aluminium
molten
intermediate alloy
smf
lif
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CN109055996B (en
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杨初斌
张小联
张禛
方玲
韩宝军
罗宁
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Dragon Totem Technology Hefei Co ltd
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Gannan Normal University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/36Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

The present patent application belongs to technical field of metal material, specifically discloses a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, includes the following steps, (1) weighs raw material respectively: SmF3、LiF、K3AlF6、Sm2O3And aluminium ingot, guarantee material quality ratio are as follows: (SmF3+LiF):K3AlF6=20:80-10:90;(2) by the K in step (1)3AlF6It puts into electrolytic cell, heat temperature raising, to K3AlF6SmF is added after being completely melt3+LiF;To SmF3After+LiF is completely melt, aluminium ingot is added, Sm is added after aluminium ingot fusing2O3To fusing;(3) molten-salt electrolysis is carried out, the bottom of electrolytic cell is sunk under prepared aluminium samarium intermediate alloy.The molten-salt electrolysis of this cathode prepares the method environmental protection of aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, lower production costs, and aluminium samarium intermediate alloy obtained is sunken to fused salt bottom, is suitable for industrial mass production application.

Description

A kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal material, specifically discloses a kind of sinking cathode molten-salt electrolysis and prepare among aluminium samarium The method of alloy.
Background technique
Rare earth samarium is a kind of white metal, is mainly used in SmCo magnetic material.But currently, samarium answering in other fields With being also continuously developed, for example the solid solubility in magnesium can improve Properties of Magnesium Alloy by solution strengthening up to 5.8%.Separately Outside, samarium can significantly improve the synthesis service performance and corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy, be widely used in the life of metal material It produces in preparation.
The chemical activity of rare earth element is higher, easy scaling loss and segregation is serious, if being directly added into rare earth metal in the alloy, It will lead to the serious scaling loss of rare earth element, therefore in order to guarantee that rare earth element can play one's part to the full, under usual conditions, rare earth element It is the addition metal in the form of rare earth intermediate alloy.The preparation method of aluminum current samarium intermediate alloy is mainly fused salt electrolysis process, is melted Salt electrolysis method is divided into chloride system and fluoride system, wherein domestic Harbin Engineering University has studied Sm3+In chloride (LiCl-KCl) electrochemical behavior in molten salt system.But because of SmCl3Hygroscopicity is strong, and electrolysis can generate the Cl of pollution environment2, So chloride system is gradually fluorinated the substitution of object electrolysis system.
In fused salt electrolysis process, Sm3+Tend to obtain an electronics on cathode as Sm2+, it is difficult to it is reduced on cathode Sm simple substance, and Sm2+Sm can be become by betatopic again in anode3+, redox-reduction circulation is formed, wastes electricity simultaneously It accumulates in the dielectric, leading to current efficiency decline, (current efficiency refers to that the DC current of electrolytic process is actually used in oxidation, goes back The effective rate of utilization of former something).
In order to solve the above technical problems, the applicant has applied for a kind of liquid cathode molten-salt electrolysis legal system in January, 2014 The method (application publication number CN104775137A) of standby aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, this method is with SmF3+ LiF is molten salt system, Sm2O3For electrolyte, aluminium is liquid cathode, and graphite is anode, at 750-900 DEG C of temperature, cathode-current density 1-2A/cm2's Under the conditions of be electrolysed.
It has been found that although above-mentioned patent solves electrolytic process wastes current problems, but generates and closed among aluminium samarium Golden liquid can float on fused salt liquid level.When collection of products, researcher (or worker) needs to scoop out among the aluminium samarium on fused salt liquid level Then aluminium alloy is cast, remove fused salt again after cooling and weighed and analyzed, i.e., the above method is suitable only for testing Room lab scale, if this method is applied to industrial production, worker needs the aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid on a large amount of fused salt liquid level It scoops out, not only labor intensive, and certain difficulty is brought to the design of the electrolytic cell of industrial application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of environmental protection, and are suitable for the cathode fused salt electricity of industrial mass production application The method that solution prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, base case of the invention are as follows:
A kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, includes the following steps,
(1) raw material is weighed respectively: SmF3、LiF、K3AlF6、Sm2O3And aluminium ingot, guarantee material quality ratio are as follows: (SmF3+ LiF):K3AlF6=20:80-10:90;
(2) by the K in step (1)3AlF6It puts into electrolytic cell, heat temperature raising, to K3AlF6SmF is added after being completely melt3 And LiF;To SmF3After being completely melt with LiF, aluminium ingot is added, Sm is added after aluminium ingot fusing2O3To fusing;
(3) molten-salt electrolysis is carried out, the cathode of molten-salt electrolysis is liquid aluminium, and anode is graphite, is closed among prepared aluminium samarium The bottom of electrolytic cell is sunk under gold.
The working principle and beneficial effect of this base case are:
The so-called SmF of the present invention3+ LiF is SmF3With the mixture of LiF, the present invention is with SmF3+ LiF is that molten salt system is (molten Salt system is as reaction medium and electrolytic medium), Sm2O3For electrolyte;The present invention with unpolarizing, can reduce samarium Deposition potential liquid aluminium (liquid aluminium be fusing after aluminium ingot be made) be cathode.
Due to SmF3+ LiF (especially SmF3) density it is larger, K3AlF6Density it is smaller, so preparation when, first will SmF3+ LiF molten salt system is dissolved in K3AlF6It is interior, facilitate SmF3The global density of+LiF molten salt system reduce (or " in With ") under liquid aluminium, make SmF3+ LiF molten salt system is in the top of electrolytic cell, and liquid aluminium is sunken to the bottom of electrolytic cell.
When electrolysis, the aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid of generation is attached to cathode (liquid aluminium), that is, the aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid generated It is gradually accumulate in the bottom of electrolytic cell, worker can take out aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid by existing equipment, without in order to prepare Aluminium samarium intermediate alloy and go improve electrolytic cell structure.
In addition, the present invention passes through control SmF3+ LiF and K3AlF6Quality proportioning, make K3AlF6It is not only able to reduce fused salt System density makes liquid aluminium sink to bottom of electrolytic tank, realizes that product (aluminium samarium intermediate alloy) sinks, additionally it is possible to guarantee Sm2O3? Melting degree in fused salt influences the electric conductivity of fused salt smaller.
After electrolysis, compared to CN104775137A, (a kind of liquid cathode fused salt electrolysis process prepares the side of aluminium samarium intermediate alloy Method, current efficiency can reach 90% or more, and Sm content can reach 30% or more (Sm content is aluminium samarium intermediate alloy in aluminium samarium alloy Ratio shared by middle Sm), though the Sm content and current efficiency of the application decrease, method used by the application is not necessarily to Worker scoops out the aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid on fused salt upper layer, without removing the knot of improvement electrolytic cell in order to prepare aluminium samarium intermediate alloy Structure is very suitable for industrial mass production application, this is with earlier application before (CN104775137A) or numerous concentrates on making The theoretical research of standby aluminium samarium intermediate alloy is entirely different.
The present invention uses fluoride system (SmF3、LiF、K3AlF6), pernicious gas will not be generated, it is more environmentally friendly.The present invention Using Sm cheap and easy to get2O3As electrolysis raw material, production cost can be greatlyd save.
Further, SmF3: mass ratio=75:25-90:10 of LiF, SmF3: the ratio of LiF is in 75:25-90:10 range When, Sm content is preferable in the current efficiency and product of the application.
Further, Sm2O3Content be fused salt total amount 1-3wt%, can guarantee Sm2O3In SmF3, LiF and K3AlF6In Preferable solubility.The fused salt total amount of the application meaning is SmF3With LiF mass summation.
Further, the electrolysis temperature of step (3) is 800-900 DEG C, can not only keep high current efficiency, but also can reduce fused salt Volatilization.
Further, the step (1) further include: preheating is dried to the raw material after weighing respectively, raw material is carried out pre- Heat can effectively prevent raw material to absorb water.
Further, the drying and preheating temperature of step (1) is 200 DEG C, and the drying and preheating time is 2h.200 DEG C of drying temperature Preferable drying effect can either be reached, and SmF can also be prevented3It absorbs water with LiF, to prevent other side reactions from occurring.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM scanned photograph under aluminium samarium intermediate alloy low power prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 2 is the SEM scanned photograph under aluminium samarium intermediate alloy high power prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment
A kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) raw material is weighed respectively: SmF3、LiF、K3AlF6、Sm2O3, aluminium ingot, guarantee material quality ratio are as follows: (SmF3+LiF): K3AlF6=20:80-10:90, SmF3: LiF=75:25-90:10, Sm2O3Content be fused salt total amount 1-3wt%, K3AlF6 Content be fused salt total amount 80-90wt%;And by the SmF after weighing3、LiF、K3AlF6、Sm2O3Divide at 200 DEG C with aluminium ingot Other drying and preheating 2h is spare.
(2) by the K after preheating in step (1)3AlF6It puts into electrolytic cell, 800-900 DEG C is heated to, to K3AlF6 SmF after being completely melt after addition preheating3And LiF;To SmF3After being completely melt with LiF, the aluminium ingot after preheating is added, to aluminium ingot Sm is added after fusing2O3To fusing;
(3) carry out molten-salt electrolysis: using liquid aluminium as cathode, graphite is anode, cathode current 50A, electrolysis time 30- 40min sinks to the bottom of electrolytic cell under prepared aluminium samarium intermediate alloy.
(4) after being electrolysed, aluminium samarium intermediate alloy liquid is taken out, is cast in mold and is removed.
The so-called samarium of the present invention, simple substance samarium, Sm or Sm simple substance are equivalent.
According to the above method, it is as follows that embodiment is arranged in the application:
The difference of embodiment 1-6 is only that the input amount of raw material is different, and the difference of embodiment 7-9 is only that electrolysis temperature not Together, the difference of embodiment 10-13 is Sm2O3Content it is different, specific input amount, electrolysis temperature and the Sm of embodiment 1-132O3 Content be shown in Table 1, wherein Sm2O3Content be Sm2O3Account for ratio (the hereinafter referred to as Sm of fused salt total amount2O3The amount of accounting for).
The electrolytic condition of embodiment 1- embodiment 13 (in addition to electrolysis temperature) are as follows: liquid aluminium is cathode, and graphite is anode, yin Electrode current is 50A, electrolysis time 30-40min.
Table 1
Conclusion:
(1) embodiment 1-4 difference is only that SmF3: the mass ratio of LiF is different, wherein the Sm content and electric current of embodiment 3 Efficiency is best.
(2) 3 (SmF of embodiment3+LiF:K3AlF6=20:80) Sm content be 6 (SmF of embodiment3+LiF:K3AlF6= 10:90) twice of Sm content, but the current efficiency of embodiment 3 is 22.8 times of the current efficiency of embodiment 6, this is because Embodiment 6 is compared with the SmF in embodiment 33+ LiF content is low, Sm2O3Solubility in molten salt system reduces, and current efficiency is lower;
5 (SmF of embodiment3+LiF:K3AlF6=40:60) SmF3+ LiF too high levels, liquid aluminium are not contacted with electrolytic cell And cannot function as cathode conduction (density that the density of molten salt system is greater than liquid aluminium), so that samarium cannot be electrolysed out.
(3) it can be obtained by embodiment 3, embodiment 7-9 comparison, the increase of electrolysis temperature can effectively improve current efficiency, But temperature it is higher when, SmF3Solubility in fused salt increases, and the samarium after electrolysis is dissolved in fused salt, is unfavorable for product point From.In addition, temperature is excessively high to also result in K3AlF6Volatilization accelerate, cause increased costs, be unfavorable for industrial mass production and answer With.
(4) embodiment 3, embodiment 10-13 compares to obtain, the Sm of embodiment 122O3The amount of accounting for < 0.1wt%, embodiment 12 Sm content and current efficiency are far below the Sm content and current efficiency of embodiment 3 and embodiment 10;The Sm of embodiment 132O3It accounts for > 3wt% is measured, but the Sm content and current efficiency of embodiment 13 are close with embodiment 3 and embodiment 11, in short, working as Sm2O3 When the amount of accounting for=1-3wt%, Sm content and current efficiency are preferable.
(5) the white bar of the crisscross arrangement in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be aluminium samarium intermediate alloy obtained, it is amplified these The form of white bar is similar to the decorative pattern of engraving, and regardless of that be mostly be Sm content is few in aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, these The form of shape object and distribution are all the same.
Measure EDS power spectrum result such as the following table 2 in Fig. 2 at a, b and c.
Table 2
It can be concluded that, after sinking cathode molten-salt electrolysis, it can successfully be prepared and be closed among the higher aluminium samarium of Sm content by table 2 Gold.
What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific structure and characteristic are not made herein in scheme Excessive description.It, without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art Several modifications and improvements are made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence what the present invention was implemented Effect and patent practicability.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy, which is characterized in that include the following steps,
(1) raw material is weighed respectively: SmF3、LiF、K3AlF6、Sm2O3And aluminium ingot, guarantee material quality ratio are as follows: (SmF3+LiF): K3AlF6=20:80-10:90;
(2) by the K in step (1)3AlF6It puts into electrolytic cell, heat temperature raising, to K3AlF6SmF is added after being completely melt3With LiF;To SmF3After being completely melt with LiF, aluminium ingot is added, Sm is added after aluminium ingot fusing2O3To fusing;
(3) molten-salt electrolysis is carried out, the cathode of molten-salt electrolysis is liquid aluminium, and anode is graphite, under prepared aluminium samarium intermediate alloy Sink to the bottom of electrolytic cell.
2. a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that SmF3: mass ratio=75:25-90:10 of LiF.
3. a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that Sm2O3Content be fused salt total amount 1-3wt%.
4. a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The electrolysis temperature of step (3) is 800-900 DEG C.
5. such as a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy of any of claims 1-4, It is characterized in that, the step (1) further include: preheating is dried respectively to the raw material after weighing.
6. a kind of method that the molten-salt electrolysis of sinking cathode prepares aluminium samarium intermediate alloy as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that The temperature of the drying and preheating of step (1) is 200 DEG C, and the time of drying and preheating is 2h.
CN201811037765.7A 2018-09-06 2018-09-06 Method for preparing aluminum-samarium intermediate alloy by submerged cathode molten salt electrolysis Active CN109055996B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110129836A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-08-16 赣南师范大学 A method of fused salt, which is reduced, using Segmented heating volatilizees
CN110195242A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-09-03 赣州飞腾轻合金有限公司 A kind of method that elpasolite fused salt sinking catholyte prepares scandium bearing master alloy

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CN103643258A (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-19 辽宁科技大学 Method for producing aluminum-magnesium alloy by utilizing liquid aluminum cathode method
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110129836A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-08-16 赣南师范大学 A method of fused salt, which is reduced, using Segmented heating volatilizees
CN110129836B (en) * 2019-04-25 2020-11-24 赣南师范大学 Method for reducing volatilization of molten salt by utilizing sectional heating
CN110195242A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-09-03 赣州飞腾轻合金有限公司 A kind of method that elpasolite fused salt sinking catholyte prepares scandium bearing master alloy

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