CN109053687A - 一种联吲哚类显示材料 - Google Patents
一种联吲哚类显示材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种联吲哚类材料、有机电致发光器件及显示装置。根据本发明的化合物如式(1)所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示材料、有机电致发光器件及显示装置。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(Organic Light Emitting Display,简称OLED)作为新型的平板显示器,与液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display,简称LCD)相比,具有薄、轻、宽视角、主动发光、发光颜色连续可调、成本低、响应速度快、能耗小、驱动电压低、工作温度范围宽、生产工艺简单、发光效率高及可柔性显示等优点,得到了产业界和科学界的极大关注。
有机电致发光器件的发展促进了人们对有机电致发光材料的研究。相对于无机发光材料,有机电致发光材料具有以下优点:有机材料加工性能好,可通过蒸镀或者旋涂的方法在任何基板上成膜;有机分子结构的多样性使得可以通过分子结构设计及修饰的方法来调节有机材料的热稳定性、机械性能、发光及导电性能,使得材料有很大的改进空间。
有机电致发光的产生靠的是在有机半导体材料中传输的载流子(电子和空穴)的重组。众所周知,有机材料的导电性很差,有机半导体中没有延续的能带,载流子的传输常用跳跃理论来描述。为了能使有机电致发光器件在应用方面达到突破,必须克服有机材料电荷注入及传输能力差的困难。科学家们通过器件结构的调整,例如增加器件有机材料层的数目,并且使不同的有机层扮演不同的器件层,例如有的功能材料可以促进电子从阴极注入,有的功能材料可以促进空穴从阳极注入,有的材料可以促进电荷的传输,有的材料则能起到阻挡电子或者空穴传输的作用。当然在有机电致发光器件里,最重要的各种颜色的发光材料也要达到与相邻功能材料相匹配的目的。因此,效率好寿命长的有机电致发光器件通常是器件结构以及各种有机材料优化搭配的结果,这就为化学家们设计开发各种结构的功能化材料提供了极大的机遇和挑战。
在有机电致发光器件制备工艺中,一种称为蒸镀法,即各个功能材料均通过真空热蒸镀的方式镀到基板上成膜,这也是目前业界的主流技术。但是此工艺的缺点也很明显,一方面有机材料的特性本身决定了,长时间在高温条件下进行热蒸镀,对材料的热稳定性要求很高;另外长时间的稳定控制蒸镀速率、保持基板上面材料分布的均匀性也是一个很重要的要求;而且高真空、高温蒸镀,能耗较高;更主要的,因为OLED材料本身生产工艺比较复杂,技术含量较高,因而售价比较昂贵,而现有工艺通过蒸镀方式使用,OLED材料的利用率较低,一般在10%以下。
在有机电致发光器件的制备工艺中,另外一种称为溶液法,即使用可溶的OLED材料,将其溶于溶剂中,通过打印、喷墨、旋涂等方式涂覆在基板上,以形成某些功能层,此种方法材料分布均匀,节省材料,简化OLED器件生产工艺,降低OLED器件生产成本。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种联吲哚类材料、包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件及具有该有机电致发光器件的显示装置,包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件具有较低的驱动电压和较高的发光效率。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种联吲哚类材料,如式(1)所示:
其中Ar1选自C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基,Ar2选自碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基、碳原子数为3-80的含氧芳杂环基、碳原子数为3-80的含硫芳杂环基;Ar1和Ar2可以被C1~C20的烷基,C1~C20的烷氧基,C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基、碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基、碳原子数为3-80的含氧芳杂环基、碳原子数为3-80的含硫芳杂环基所取代,所述取代可以是单取代,双取代,多取代;并且,当Ar2被C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基所取代时,此处C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基可以被碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基所取代,所述取代可以是单取代,双取代,多取代;n选自0或者1。
进一步的,其中C6~C40的芳基选自:苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、三亚苯基、芴基、荧蒽基、茚并芴基、螺芴基、苯并芴基、二苯并芴基、苯基取代萘基、苯并蒽基;C1~C20的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、辛基;C1~C20的烷氧基选自甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、环己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基;Ar2选自吡啶基、喹啉基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、二苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、苯并二苯并呋喃基、苯并二苯并噻吩基、二萘并呋喃基、二萘并噻吩基。
更进一步的,本发明提供的联吲哚类材料,选自以下结构:
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括根据本发明所述的联吲哚类材料。
可选地,所述有机电致发光器件的电子传输材料为根据本发明的联吲哚类材料。
可选地,所述有机电致发光器件的发光层的主体材料为根据本发明的联吲哚类材料。
进一步的,所述有机电致发光器件的发光层为磷光发光层。
进一步的,所述有机电致发光器件为红色发光器件或者绿色发光器件。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种显示装置,该显示装置包括根据本发明的有机电致发光器件。
本发明的有益效果如下:
将本发明提供的化合物用作有机电致发光器件的电子传输材料或者/和发光层主体材料,提高了有机电致发光器件的发光效率、降低了有机电致发光器件的驱动电压。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式仅为对本发明的说明,而不构成对本发明内容的限制,下面将结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行进一步说明和描述。
本发明提供了一种联吲哚类材料、包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件及具有该有机电致发光器件的显示装置,包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件具有较低的驱动电压和较高的发光效率。
为了更加详细地说明本发明的化合物,下面将列举上述具体化合物的合成方法对本发明进行进一步的描述。
实施例1化合物P-1的合成:
中间体1的合成
2000毫升三口瓶中,加入28.6克(0.1mol)3-(4-溴苯基)-1-甲基-1H-吲哚,800毫升无水乙腈,控制温度0~3℃缓慢滴加65%的硝酸10克,滴加完毕,控制温度0~3℃反应3小时,再控制温度0~3℃缓慢滴加65%的硝酸10克,控制温度0~3℃反应3小时,再控制温度0~3℃缓慢滴加65%的硝酸10克,控制温度0~3℃反应8小时,加水和二氯甲烷分液,水洗至中性,有机层硅胶柱层析分离,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:9(体积比)洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至干,用甲醇/甲苯混合溶剂重结晶,得到中间体1所示化合物10.1克,收率为35.43%。
对得到的中间体1所示产品进行了质谱检测,得到产品的m/e:570。
对得到的中间体1所示产品进行了核磁检测,得到的核磁解析数据如下:
1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.75(m,2H),δ7.58~7.48(m,10H),δ7.26(t,2H),δ7.02(m,2H),δ3.81(s,6H)。
中间体2的合成
500毫升三口瓶,氮气保护,加入200毫升干燥的四氢呋喃,5.70克(0.01mol)中间体1所示化合物,搅拌溶解后,降温至-78℃,缓慢滴加15毫升(0.024mol)1.6M的丁基锂的正己烷溶液,加毕于-78℃保温30分钟,加入3.12克(0.03mol)重蒸的硼酸三甲酯,加毕缓慢升至室温,搅拌2小时,加入氯化铵溶液搅拌水解,然后分液。有机层浓缩至干,得到中间体2所示二硼酸,不经分离,直接进行下步反应。
化合物P-1的合成
500毫升三口瓶,氮气保护,加入100毫升甲苯,100毫升乙醇,100毫升水,再加入上步制备得到的未经分离的中间体2所示二硼酸,3.16克(0.02mol)2-溴吡啶,0.112克(0.0001mol)四三苯基膦钯,2.12克(0.02mol)碳酸钠,缓慢加热至回流反应12小时,降温,分液,有机层硫酸镁干燥,硅胶柱层析分离,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=3:7(体积比)洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至干,得到式P-1所示产品4.16克,从中间体2的合成开始计算,两步总收率73.5%,
对得到的式P-1所示产品进行了质谱检测,得到产品的m/e:566。
对得到的式P-1所示产品进行了核磁检测,得到的核磁解析数据如下:
1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ8.66(m,4H),δ8.35(m,2H),δ7.78(m,2H),δ7.46(m,2H),δ7.38(m,2H),δ7.33~7.23(m,6H),δ7.12(m,2H),δ7.04(m,2H),δ6.90(m,2H),δ3.81(s,6H)。
实施例2其它部分化合物的合成
参照化合物P-1的合成方法,只是将其中的2-溴吡啶根据需要换成相应的溴代物。具体反应所用的溴代物和所得到的本发明的化合物质谱数据列表如下:
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件的电子传输材料/发光层主体材料为根据本发明的联吲哚类材料。
有机电致发光器件的典型结构为:基片/阳极/空穴注入层/空穴传输层(HTL)/有机发光层(EL)/电子传输层(ETL)/电子注入层/阴极。有机电致发光器件结构可以为单发光层也可以是多发光层。
其中,基片可以使用传统有机电致发光器件中的基板,如:玻璃或塑料。阳极可以采用透明的高导电性材料,如:铟锡氧(ITO)、铟锌氧(IZO)、二氧化锡(SnO2)、氧化锌(ZnO)。
空穴注入层的空穴注入材料(Hole Injection Material,简称HIM),要求具有高的热稳定性(高的Tg),与阳极或者空穴注入材料有较小的势垒,蒸镀法制备有机电致发光器件时,要求材料能真空蒸镀形成无针孔薄膜。常用的HIM均为芳香多胺类化合物,主要是三芳胺类衍生物。对于溶液法制备有机电致发光器件时,要求材料有合适的溶解度,将溶液涂布于基板上后,溶液挥发后,能在基板上形成致密、均匀的无定型薄膜。常用的HIM材料主要有PEDOT:PSS。
空穴传输层的空穴传输材料(Hole Transport Material,简称HTM),要求具有高的热稳定性(高的Tg),较高的空穴传输能力,能真空蒸镀形成无针孔薄膜。常用的HTM均为芳香多胺类化合物,主要是三芳胺类衍生物。
有机发光层包括主体材料(host)和客体材料,其中客体材料为发光材料,例如染料,主体材料需要具备以下特点:可逆的电化学氧化还原电位,与相邻的空穴传输层及电子传输层相匹配的HOMO能级及LUMO能级,良好且相匹配的空穴及电子传输能力,良好的高的热稳定性及成膜性,以及合适的单线态或者三线态能隙用来控制激子在发光层,还有与相应的荧光染料或者磷光染料间良好的能量转移。有机发光层的发光材料,以染料为例,需要具备以下特点:具有高的荧光或者磷光量子效率;染料的吸收光谱与主体的发射光谱有好的重叠,即主体与染料能量适配,从主体到染料能有效地能量传递;红、绿、蓝的发射峰尽可能窄,以获得好的色纯度;稳定性好,能够进行蒸镀等。
电子传输层的电子传输材料(Electron transport Material,简称ETM)要求ETM有可逆而且足够高的电化学还原电位,合适的HOMO能级和LUMO(Lowest UnoccupiedMolecular Orbital,最低未占分子轨道)能级值使得电子能够更好地注入,而且最好具有空穴阻挡能力;较高的电子传输能力,有好的成膜性和热稳定性。ETM一般为具有缺电子结构的共轭平面的芳香化合物。蒸镀法制备有机电致发光器件时,电子传输层一般采用Alq3(8-羟基喹啉铝)或者TAZ(3-苯基-4-(1’-萘基)-5-苯-1,2,4-三唑)或者TPBi(1,3,5-三(N-苯基-2-苯并咪唑)苯)或者取自这三种材料的任意两种的搭配。在一些情况下,为了改善电子传输层的电子传输效果,电子传输层可以进一步包括Li络合物,如LiQ或者ET-02(如下式)。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种显示装置,该显示装置包括根据本发明的有机电致发光器件。
由此可见,根据本发明的化合物、有机电致发光器件和显示装置的可选因素较多,根据本发明的权利要求可以组合出不同的实施例。本发明的实施例仅作为对本发明的具体描述,并不作为对本发明的限制。下面将结合含有本发明的化合物的有机电致发光器件作为实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。
实施例中所用材料的具体结构见下:
实施例3
以本发明化合物作为有机电致发光器件中的电子传输材料,作为对比的有机电致发光器件有两个,电子传输材料分别选用Alq3和ET-1。
有机电致发光器件结构为:ITO/HIL02(100nm)/NPB(40nm)/EM1(30nm)/ETL(20nm)/EIM(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)。
有机电致发光器件制备过程如下:
将涂布了ITO透明导电层(作为阳极)的玻璃基板在清洗剂中进行超声处理,然后在去离子水中冲洗,再在丙酮与乙醇混合溶剂中超声除油,再在洁净环境下烘烤至完全除水,用紫外光和臭氧清洗,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面,以改善表面的性质,提高与空穴注入层的结合能力;
将上述玻璃基板置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-5~9×10-3Pa,在阳极上真空蒸镀HIL02作为空穴注入层,蒸镀速率0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚为100nm;
在空穴注入层上真空蒸镀NPB作为空穴传输层,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚为40nm;
在空穴传输层之上真空蒸镀EM1作为器件的有机发光层,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为30nm;
在有机发光层之上真空蒸镀电子传输层;其蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为20nm;
在电子传输层(ETL)上真空蒸镀0.5nm的LiF作为电子注入层材料(EIM);
在电子注入层之上真空蒸镀150nm的铝(Al)作为阴极。
有机电致发光器件性能见下表:
由此可以看出,当有机电致发光器件的电子传输层含有本发明所示化合物时,具有较为低的驱动电压和较高的电流效率。
实施例4
本发明的化合物作为红色磷光OLED有机电致发光器件中的主体材料:
有机电致发光器件结构为:
ITO/NPB(20nm)/红光主体材料(30nm):Ir(piq)3[5%]/TPBI(10nm)/Alq3(15nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)。
其中一个为对比有机电致发光器件,红光主体材料选用CBP。
有机电致发光器件制备过程如下:将涂布了ITO透明导电层的玻璃板在商用清洗剂中超声处理,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮:乙醇混合溶剂中超声除油,在洁净环境下烘烤至完全除去水份,用紫外光和臭氧清洗,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面;
把上述带有阳极的玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-5~9×10-3Pa,在上述阳极层膜上真空蒸镀空穴传输层NPB,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚为20nm;
在空穴传输层之上真空蒸镀发光主体材料和染料,作为有机电致发光器件的发光层,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为30nm;
在发光层之上依次真空蒸镀电子传输层TPBI和Alq3,其蒸镀速率均为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚分别为10nm和15nm;
在电子传输层上真空蒸镀0.5nm的LiF,150nm的Al作为阴极。
有机电致发光器件性能见下表:
由上表可以看到,采用本发明化合作为磷光主体的有机电致发光器件相对于采用CBP作为主体的有机电致发光器件获得了较好的效果,获得了更高的电流效率和较低的驱动电压。
实施例5:
本发明的化合物作为绿色磷光OLED有机电致发光器件中的主体材料:
有机电致发光器件结构为:
ITO/NPB(20nm)/绿光主体材料(30nm):Ir(ppy)3[7%]/TPBI(10nm)/Alq3(15nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)。
其中一个为对比有机电致发光器件,绿光主体材料选用CBP。
有机电致发光器件制备过程如下:将涂布了ITO透明导电层的玻璃板在商用清洗剂中超声处理,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮:乙醇混合溶剂中超声除油,在洁净环境下烘烤至完全除去水份,用紫外光和臭氧清洗,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面;
把上述带有阳极的玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-5~9×10-3Pa,在上述阳极层膜上真空蒸镀空穴传输层NPB,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚为20nm;
在空穴传输层之上真空蒸镀发光主体材料和染料,作为有机电致发光器件的发光层,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为30nm;
在发光层之上依次真空蒸镀电子传输层TPBI和Alq3,其蒸镀速率均为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚分别为10nm和15nm;
在电子传输层上真空蒸镀0.5nm的LiF,150nm的Al作为电子注入层和阴极。
有机电致发光器件性能见下表:
由上表可以看到,采用本发明化合作为磷光主体的有机电致发光器件相对于采用CBP作为主体的有机电致发光器件获得了较好的效果,获得了更高的电流效率和较低的驱动电压。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (3)
1.一种联吲哚类材料,具有式(1)所示结构:
其中Ar1选自C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基,Ar2选自碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基;
Ar1和Ar2可以被C1~C20的烷基,C1~C20的烷氧基,C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基、碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基所取代,所述取代可以是单取代,双取代,多取代;
并且,当Ar2被C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基所取代时,此处C6~C40的由碳和氢组成的芳基可以被碳原子数为3-80的含氮芳杂环基所取代,所述取代可以是单取代,双取代,多取代;
n选自0或者1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联吲哚类材料,其中C6~C40的芳基选自:苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、三亚苯基、芴基、荧蒽基、茚并芴基、螺芴基、苯并芴基、二苯并芴基、苯基取代萘基、苯并蒽基;
C1~C20的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、辛基;
C1~C20的烷氧基选自甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、环己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基;
Ar2选自吡啶基、喹啉基、嘧啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的联吲哚类材料,其特征在于,所述化合物选自:
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