CN109050862B - Cap rudder and ship - Google Patents
Cap rudder and ship Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109050862B CN109050862B CN201810977978.1A CN201810977978A CN109050862B CN 109050862 B CN109050862 B CN 109050862B CN 201810977978 A CN201810977978 A CN 201810977978A CN 109050862 B CN109050862 B CN 109050862B
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- Prior art keywords
- rudder
- cap
- blade
- plate
- cap plate
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cap rudder peculiar to vessel and using the ship of cap rudder building, cap rudder includes rudderpost and rudder body, rudder body includes one block of cap plate for being fixed on rudderpost end, cap plate is a space curved surface plate with top surface, bottom surface, front end face, rear end face, left side and right side, projected area of the cap plate on cross section is less than the projected area on Water Plane, again smaller than the projected area on vertical section.Ship of the invention uses cap rudder, has many advantages, such as that small comparative resistance, steerage and the speed of a ship or plane are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of marine rudder for improving molded line and structure design and using the ship of this rudder building, specifically
It says, is related to cap rudder and ship.
Background technique
The change in ship traveling course relies primarily on steering, and common rudder has plate leaf rudder and nozzle rudder, and the two is in structure
On general character be to have rudderpost and rudder body.Rudderpost upper end is coupled steering engine, and to receive the torque of steering engine transmitting, lower end couples rudder
Body, plate leaf rudder are structurally characterized in that in terms of the side of ship, rudder body is substantially in writing board shape, to reduce the resistance that rudder blade itself generates
Power also has the Section Design rudder blade into NACA(National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) aerofoil profile symmetrical line.Nozzle rudder
Be structurally characterized in that rudder body be a tubular structure around paddle, for reduce pipe itself generate resistance, usual diversion pipe
Radial section using improved NACA asymmetrical section it is as shown in figure 14.
Above two rudder there is a problem of one it is common, be exactly that rudderpost is turned round and larger by curved torque, because of rudderpost
The case where cantilever is longer, can be improved using rudderpost bottom supporting seat by curved torque, but be still unable to improve by turning round, therefore rudderpost is set
Count intensity requirement is higher, relatively large sized and material requirements is relatively high.In addition, the drag area of above two rudder is all opposite
Larger, therefore, in the case of same steerage, resistance of rudder is still larger when direct route, in addition, the steerage of plate leaf rudder is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The main object of the present invention, which is to provide, a kind of can be such that problem in terms of above three existing for existing rudder is improved
Cap rudder；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of ships constructed using cap rudder.
To realize above-mentioned main purpose, cap rudder provided by the invention includes rudderpost and rudder body, and rudder body includes one piece and is fixed on
The cap plate of rudderpost end, cap plate are a space curved surface with top surface, bottom surface, front end face, rear end face, left side and right side
Plate, projected area of the cap plate on cross section is less than the projected area on Water Plane, again smaller than the perspective plane on vertical section
Product.
As can be seen from the above scheme, rudder body is a cap plate, declines rudderpost relative length, thus the intensity for reducing axis is wanted
It asks；In the case of basic steerage is identical, volume is identical, cap rudder has opposite plate leaf rudder or the smaller drag area of nozzle rudder,
The speed of a ship or plane is substantially increased, is considered from Energy Angle, the present invention has huge economic benefit.Above-mentioned advantage will add in embodiment
To be illustrated more clearly that.
Specific scheme be further include at least one piece in the first floor and the second floor, the first floor and the second floor hang down
It directly is mounted on the top surface of cap plate, and is located on the vertical middle section of cap plate.This programme on the one hand can be with reinforcement structure, another party
Face increases steerage.
More specific scheme is first floor one end connection rudderpost, and the other end extends to the front end face of cap plate to bow；Second
Floor one end connects rudderpost, and the other end extends to the rear end face of cap plate to stern.
Another specific scheme is below the minimum spacing h from cross section, between the bottom surface and the paddle tip of cap plate meets
Relational expression
H=0.1%d~100%d
Wherein d is the diameter of paddle.
Also one specific scheme is that the vertical section of cap plate is improved NACA asymmetrical section.The program can improve cap
The resistance of rudder.
Also one specific scheme be further include the first auxiliary rudder blade and second auxiliary rudder blade at least one piece, first auxiliary
Rudder blade and the second auxiliary rudder blade are vertically installed on the bottom surface of cap plate, and are located on the central fore-and-aft vertical plane of cap plate.
Further scheme be from central fore-and-aft vertical plane, blade be located at the first auxiliary rudder blade and the second auxiliary rudder blade it
Between.
Another further scheme altogether is that the bottom edge of the first auxiliary rudder blade and the bottom edge of the second auxiliary rudder blade are respectively positioned on paddle
On the axis of leaf.
Another further scheme is from central fore-and-aft vertical plane, and the first auxiliary rudder blade stretches out cap far from one end of blade
The cap plate is reversely stretched out in plate, second auxiliary one end of rudder blade far from the blade.
Another object to realize the present invention, ship provided by the invention include hull and cap rudder, and cap rudder uses above-mentioned cap rudder
Case either in scheme.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of ship embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the positional diagram of stern is regarded to bow in Fig. 1 cap rudder and paddle；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of cap rudder first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of cap rudder second embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the middle longitudinal section view of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of cap rudder 3rd embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the vertical middle cross-sectional view of Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of cap rudder fourth embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the left view of Fig. 8, omits floor in figure；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of cap board bottom face cross curvature optinal plan in reflection cap rudder embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram for reflecting cap rudder embodiment cap plate and the longitudinally opposed position of paddle of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the structure chart of the existing single plate rudder of comparative example；
Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of fifth embodiment of the invention；
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of existing diversion pipe.
Below in conjunction with each examples and drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
Specific embodiment
Ship embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the ship of the present embodiment is a freighter, the part of main deck or more is omitted in Fig. 1, in its hull 1
Stern be provided with paddle 2, the top of paddle 2 is provided with cap rudder 3, from the point of view of the relative position of paddle 2 in Fig. 1 and cap rudder 3, cap rudder 3
Like a cap of paddle 2, therefore, rudder provided by the invention is referred to as cap rudder.
Referring to fig. 2, it is seen from stern to bow, cap rudder 3 is also as same cap is worn on paddle 2.Cap rudder 3 is including rudderpost 32 and admittedly
It is scheduled on the rudder body of rudderpost lower end, the rudder body of this example only has cap plate 31, from Figure 2 it can be seen that cap plate 31, which is one piece, has top surface 311, bottom
Face 312, front end face, rear end face 314, left side 315, right side 316 and space have curvature curved slab, the curved slab
The curvature of space refers to the curvature of bottom surface 312 or the curvature of top plate 311, and in this example, which only has cross curvature, and longitudinal bent
Rate is zero, i.e. the curved slab is one block of two-dimentional bent plate made of longitudinal stretching with front end face or 314 flat shape of rear end face, Gu
Front end face is identical with the area of rear end face 314 and shape, rear end of the cap plate 31 in projected area, that is, Fig. 2 on cross section
Face 314 is less than the projected area on Water Plane, again smaller than the projected area on vertical section.In terms of Fig. 2, cap plate 31 is about rudder
Axis 32 is symmetrical one block of bent plate.
In terms of Fig. 1, cap plate 31 is equivalent to a plate leaf rudder and crosses to use, and short side end face is resistance area, therefore, the resistance of cap rudder
The resistance of opposite plate leaf rudder wants small.In terms of Fig. 2, cap plate 31 is one section of arc plate, and central angle corresponding to arc length does not surpass in this example
180 degree is crossed, and diversion pipe is a whole arc plate, therefore, the resistance of cap plate 31 is only equivalent to diversion pipe resistance under the same terms
The one third of area is to half.In addition, compared with plate leaf rudder, rudderpost 2 is relatively short since cap rudder 3 is located at the top of paddle,
Relatively good more of the stress condition of rudderpost 2, therefore can reduce the size of rudderpost and the power of steering engine.
The other embodiments of ship
Ship of the invention can also be other water surface ships and light boats in addition to freighter, be also possible to the more cap rudder ships of more paddles, as long as
Every one fan cap rudder of paddle collocation.
In addition, the cap rudder of adaptation can be the embodiment of the following cap rudder of the present invention.
Cap rudder first embodiment
Referring to Fig. 3, the cap rudder of this example is only made of cap plate 31 and rudderpost 32, and cap plate 31 has top surface 311, bottom surface 312, preceding
End face 313, rear end face 314, left side 315 and right side 316.It is understood that the so-called each end face of the present invention can be
Plane is also possible to cambered surface, it should comprehensively consider fluid resistance and the simplified and traditional specific selection of technique.In this example, bottom surface 312 is one section
Circular arc adds a h in the cylindrical surface that longitudinal stretching is formed, the radius that the radius of cylindrical surface circle is equal to the be adapted to paddle of cap rudder
Value, h value can be in 0.1%d to value between 100%d, and wherein d is the diameter of paddle, and the value Consideration of h value mainly has ship
Type and design speed, when implementation, can be determined by model experiment.
Cap rudder second embodiment
Referring to fig. 4, the difference of this example and cap rudder first embodiment is to increase floor 33, and floor 33 is by the first floor 331
It is constituted with the second floor 332.First floor 331 is vertically installed on top surface 311, and one end connects rudderpost 31, the other end
Front end face 313 is extended to, the second floor 332 is vertically installed on top surface 311, and one end connects rudderpost 31, and the other end prolongs
Extend to rear end face 314.33 one side of floor can provide the effective area of rudder plate, on the other hand can provide locking cap plate 31
Intensity.
Referring to Fig. 5, for this example in steering, the area of rudder that can generate steerage is equal to 2 times of 31 longitudinal projection's area of Mao Ban
In addition the area of the first floor 331 and the second floor 332.
Cap rudder 3rd embodiment
It is understood that cap plate in lateral curvature can be zero with value according to the present invention, referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7,
The characteristics of this example cap rudder is that the vertically and horizontally curvature of cap plate 31 is zero, is one flat plate, and this example can generate steerage in steering
The area of rudder be the first floor 331 and the second floor 332, and the steerage that cap plate 31 generates can be ignored, the main work of cap plate 31
With being rectification, i.e., seen longitudinally, keep the water flow before paddle and after paddle regular by cap plate 31, to improve propulsive efficiency, another effect and
First two the same, provides to subtract when oscillation in the pitch mode occurs for ship and shakes torque.
Cap rudder fourth embodiment
Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the characteristics of this example is to increase the first auxiliary rudder blade on the basis of cap rudder second embodiment
341 and second assist rudder blade 342, from central fore-and-aft vertical plane, i.e., in terms of Fig. 8, and the first auxiliary rudder blade 341 and the second auxiliary rudder blade
342 be all to extend vertically downward from the bottom surface of cap plate 31 312, and bottom edge is located on the axis of blade 2, can from Fig. 9
Out, it is also located on central fore-and-aft vertical plane.On the other hand, blade 2 is located between the first auxiliary rudder blade 341 and the second auxiliary rudder blade 342
's.
In addition, the first auxiliary one end of rudder blade 341 far from blade, i.e. the left end that Fig. 8 shows can stretch out cap plate 31 to the left, see
The dotted portion of Fig. 8 left part, the second auxiliary one end of rudder blade 342 far from blade, the i.e. right end that Fig. 8 shows can stretch out to the right cap plate
31, to improve steerage, see the dotted portion of Fig. 8 right part.
The other embodiments of cap rudder
The cross curvature of cap plate can be designed in such a way that Figure 10 shows according to the present invention, the bottom surface 312 of cap plate 31
The value that radius of curvature R can take is variation, as long as the minimum spacing h value between bottom surface 312 and the paddle tip is met the requirements, figure
R0 < R1 < R2 in 10 is the situation as cap rudder 3rd embodiment when R tends to infinity.
Referring to Figure 11, from longitudinal direction, it is highly H that the length of cap plate 31, which is L, the projected area S1=HL in longitudinal direction, and long
Degree L can be divided into leaf leading portion b1, leaf section b0, leaf back segment b2, b1 value range be (0~2) d；The value range of b2 is (0~10)
d.The part that cap plate 31 is covered the flow at high speed water flow dissipated around after paddle pushes by cap plate 31, guiding are flat with axis
Capable direction increases the water flow in cover, and the water flow velocity of the part is caused to increase, and causes to increase thrust F1, thus increases
The speed of a ship or plane, meanwhile, the upward component of the upward water flow of 31 house portions of cap plate makes ship obtain upward lift F2, is equivalent to
The gravity for having reduced ship reduces drinking water, and the speed of a ship or plane increases.F is effect resultant force of the water flow to cap plate in Figure 11.
In addition, the angle between the top surface 311 of cap plate 31 and the axis of rudderpost 32 is all in three embodiments of aforementioned cap rudder
It is 90 degree, the angle can also be designed according to the trimming condition of ship when design speed, so that loading inappropriate ship generates trim
When cap plate 31 participate in trim adjustment.Obviously, being also designed to cap plate 31 according to the present invention with respect to the above-mentioned angle of rudderpost 32 is
It can finely tune, carry out the adjustment of trim floading condition when navigation by the adjustment of the angle.
In addition, cap plate 31 is all to be symmetrical set on cross section about rudderpost in the various embodiments described above, this field
Technical staff is necessarily also Twin Rudders due to being equipped with cap rudder of the invention it is to be understood that for two-shipper r Zweier, cap under this situation
Plate 31 can be not in relation to rudderpost on cross section and be symmetrical set.Also visual concrete condition is arranged to cap plate 31 to multimachine multiple-screw vessel
Rudderpost bilateral symmetry is not in relation on cross section.
In addition, the first auxiliary rudder blade and the second auxiliary rudder blade are located on central fore-and-aft vertical plane in cap rudder fourth embodiment
, also can be set into two pieces or more first assists the second of rudder blade and two pieces or more to assist rudder blade, as long as muti-piece first is auxiliary
Rudder blade and muti-piece second is helped to assist rudder blade all on cross section about rudderpost bilateral symmetry.
Finally, the vertical section line style of cap plate 31 can also be NACA asymmetrical section or other NACA as shown in figure 14
Section.
Above-mentioned various change design can equally achieve the object of the present invention and obtain corresponding beneficial effect.
For the data comparison for examining two aspects of the speed of a ship or plane and steerage between single plate rudder and cap rudder of the invention, applicant couple
The ship of Tianchi 5 has carried out comparative test, and the major parameter of research ship Tianchi 5 is as follows: 21.8 meters of overall length, 20.20 meters of captain, type is wide
4.2 meters, 1.25 meters of moldeed depth, absorb water 0.75 meter.135 kilowatts of horsepower surveys 1800 revs/min of revolving speed.Hydraulic manual steering engine, paddle diameter
600 millimeters.
The ship original is using the structure of plate leaf rudder referring to Figure 12, which is single plate rudder, and rudder is L1=500 millimeters long, and rudder is high
S1=650 millimeters of middle parts are horizontally set with three reinforcing ribs.
Under conditions of other all parameter constants, the rudder blade of the ship is removed, changes the structure of cap rudder of the present invention referring to figure
12, cap plate is to wait slabs, i.e., does not use NACA section, and installed auxiliary rudder blade additional in rear end, and rudder is L2=1300 millimeters long, and rudder is high
S2=355 millimeters, auxiliary rudder blade is 800 millimeters long, 120 millimeters high.
In July, 2018, in the Zhuhai City continent Ma Liu, water channel has carried out sea trial respectively, and 5 meters of the depth of water, 1 grade of wind-force, sea
Situation light breeze.It is all made of under 70%, 85%, 100% load of host and acquires data back and forth three times respectively, calculating fair current, adverse current are maximum flat
The equal speed of a ship or plane and time of rudder movement and radius of coming about.Data comparison is as follows:
| Rudder type | The speed of a ship or plane (section) | Time of rudder movement | It comes about radius |
| Plate leaf rudder | 6.65 | 1 point 44 seconds | 2.5 times of captains |
| Cap rudder | 7.60 | 1 point 27 seconds | 2.0 times of captains |
As seen from the above table, after using cap rudder, the speed of a ship or plane improves 14.3%, and time of rudder movement reduces 17 seconds, and radius of coming about is reduced
0.5 times of captain.
Claims (10)
1. cap rudder, including rudderpost and rudder body；
It is characterized by:
The rudder body includes one block of cap plate for being fixed on the rudderpost end；
The cap plate is a space curved surface plate with top surface, bottom surface, front end face, rear end face, left side and right side；
Projected area of the cap plate on cross section is less than the projected area on Water Plane, again smaller than the throwing on vertical section
Shadow area.
2. cap rudder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It further include at least one piece in the first floor and the second floor, first floor and second floor are vertically mounted
On the top surface of the cap plate, and it is located on the vertical middle section of the cap plate.
3. cap rudder according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
First floor one end connects the rudderpost, and the other end extends to the front end face to bow；
Second floor one end connects the rudderpost, and the other end extends to the rear end face to stern.
4. cap rudder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
From cross section, the minimum spacing h between the bottom surface and the paddle tip of the cap plate meets following relationship
H=0.1%d~100%d
Wherein d is the diameter of paddle.
5. cap rudder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that:
The vertical section of the cap plate is improved NACA asymmetrical section.
6. cap rudder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It further include at least one piece in the first auxiliary rudder blade and the second auxiliary rudder blade, the first auxiliary rudder blade and described second auxiliary
Rudder blade is helped to be vertically installed on the bottom surface of the cap plate.
7. cap rudder according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
From central fore-and-aft vertical plane, blade is located between the first auxiliary rudder blade and the second auxiliary rudder blade.
8. cap rudder according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
The bottom edge of the first auxiliary rudder blade and the bottom edge of the second auxiliary rudder blade are respectively positioned on the axis of blade.
9. cap rudder according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
From central fore-and-aft vertical plane, the first auxiliary rudder blade stretches out the cap plate, second auxiliary rudder far from one end of blade
The cap plate is reversely stretched out in the one end of leaf far from the blade.
10. ship, including hull and cap rudder, the cap rudder is the described in any item cap rudders of claim 1-9.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810977978.1A CN109050862B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Cap rudder and ship |
| PCT/CN2018/105608 WO2020042238A1 (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-09-14 | Hat rudder and ship |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810977978.1A CN109050862B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Cap rudder and ship |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109050862A CN109050862A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109050862B true CN109050862B (en) | 2019-10-01 |
Family
ID=64757153
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810977978.1A Active CN109050862B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Cap rudder and ship |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109050862B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020042238A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4100874A (en) * | 1977-04-08 | 1978-07-18 | Wright Delatte U | Flap rudder |
| KR101325593B1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-11-06 | 국방과학연구소 | Under water body with end-plate attatached to partially movable rudder |
| KR101339894B1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-12-10 | 국방과학연구소 | Under water body with end-plate attatached to fully movable rudder |
| CN205366034U (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-07-06 | 广东海洋大学 | Novel rudder |
| CN106364654A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 镇江维斯特船用设备有限公司 | Shilling rudder with good tolerance |
| CN208412081U (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-22 | 珠海市琛龙船厂有限公司 | Cap rudder and ship |
-
2018
- 2018-08-27 CN CN201810977978.1A patent/CN109050862B/en active Active
- 2018-09-14 WO PCT/CN2018/105608 patent/WO2020042238A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020042238A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
| CN109050862A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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