CN109050377B - Vibration-assisted unloading method of conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer - Google Patents
Vibration-assisted unloading method of conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109050377B CN109050377B CN201810899741.6A CN201810899741A CN109050377B CN 109050377 B CN109050377 B CN 109050377B CN 201810899741 A CN201810899741 A CN 201810899741A CN 109050377 B CN109050377 B CN 109050377B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/58—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using vibratory effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/36—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using endless chains or belts thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration auxiliary unloading method of a conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer, belonging to the field of unloading technologies of self-unloading vehicles and semitrailers. The invention adopts the vibration traction device, when unloading, the carriage vibrates up and down, and the suspension can be used for damping vibration; and in the non-unloading time, the flexible locking is realized relative to the frame, so that the impact and vibration in the running process are alleviated. At the moment of starting unloading, the carriage is at the highest point of vibration, the motion state of bulk cargos at the starting moment of the driving chain wheel is changed, and the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel is reduced; in the earlier stage of unloading, the vibration period of the carriage is the same as the time of the driving chain wheel rotating by one pitch, and the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage is offset with the load fluctuation of the conveyer belt chain, so that the load and speed fluctuation of the conveyer belt chain can be reduced, and the service lives of the conveyer belt chain and the vehicle body are prolonged. In the later stage of unloading, the vibration cycle of carriage reduces, can shake the bulk cargo who bonds in carriage inner wall, reduces bulk cargo angle of repose, improves unloading efficiency and effect, avoids remaining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a discharging method of a self-discharging semitrailer, in particular to a vibration auxiliary discharging method of a self-discharging semitrailer, and belongs to the technical field of self-discharging technology and semitrailer.
Background
The self-discharging semitrailer has a backward turning, a side turning and a conveyor belt type. The conveyor belt self-discharging semitrailer has the advantages of quick unloading, more cargoes, good safety and easy operation, avoids the defects of easy overturning, space limitation, easy burying of tires and easy deformation of box plates of the back-overturning and side-overturning self-discharging semitrailer, and is popularized and applied. The utility model patent with application numbers 201720956890.2 and 201721420637.1 provides a self-discharging semitrailer, which is provided with a horizontal self-discharging device and a driving device; the horizontal self-unloading device comprises a supporting track, a chain, a supporting plate and a transmission device; the driving device comprises a driving chain wheel and a hydraulic motor; the horizontal self-discharging device completely replaces the position of the carriage bottom plate, and the bulk cargo discharging efficiency is improved. The bulk cargo refers to dry bulk cargo such as sand, stones, coal, muck, ore and the like, and has larger specific gravity. In addition, the height of the carriage is generally over 2 meters, and the requirement for high pressure of the conveyor belt chain is high. When unloading, the load born by the conveyor belt chain is large and uneven. At the start of unloading, the load is maximum; and thereafter gradually decreases. The common faults of the conveyer belt chain as a key part are chain plate damage, pin shaft damage, sleeve gluing, falling off from a driving chain wheel, and breakage and damage of a chain connecting ring. The damage of the chain plate and the pin shaft has two types of breaking and fatigue fracture. The failure of the conveyor belt chain of the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer is difficult to repair on the unloading site.
A conveyer belt chain of a conveyer belt self-unloading semitrailer is a precision roller conveying chain commonly used. The chain consists of five parts, namely an inner chain plate, an outer chain plate, a pin shaft, a sleeve and a roller, wherein the outer chain plate is fixed on the pin shaft, the inner chain plate is fixed on the sleeve, and the roller and the sleeve and the pin shaft can rotate relatively. The meshing impact and the polygonal effect of the driving chain wheel and the chain cause the load and the speed to fluctuate periodically; the periodicity changes once per revolution of one link, i.e. one pitch of the drive sprocket. The load and speed periodic variation law of the driving chain wheel is as follows: progressively increasing as one link enters into engagement; and then progressively decreases after reaching a maximum until the next link comes into engagement. The instantaneous load and speed variation of the chain, which decreases with decreasing pitch; therefore, the short-pitch precise roller chain is more stable and has low noise. The pitch of the chain is reduced, the strength of the driving chain wheel is influenced, and the risks of tooth climbing, tooth jumping and chain falling are increased; the pitch increases and the polygon effect increases, requiring sufficient stiffness of the inner and outer link plates.
Bulk cargo is easily adhered to the inner wall of the carriage when the humidity is high. The self-dumping semitrailer solves the problem that a self-dumping semitrailer is difficult to dump cleanly, and people explore the self-dumping semitrailer. The utility model with application number 201020110713.0 provides a carriage self-cleaning vibration device for a dump truck, wherein a vibration plate is arranged at the bottom corner of a carriage, and the rear part of the vibration plate is connected with a vibrator; can ensure that the goods can be poured out completely at one time when being unloaded. The utility model with application number 201611234880.4 also provides a vibration knocking device and a mining dump truck; the vibration knocking device comprises a base, a vibrating rod, a support and an impact ball, and power can be supplied discontinuously through an electromagnet, so that the impact ball swings in a reciprocating manner; the vibrating knocking device is arranged on the carriage bottom plate and can remove residual materials stuck on the carriage bottom plate. The vibration is widely applied in the mechanical field, such as a vibrating conveyer belt, vibrating shakeout, a vibrating screen and the like. Because the horizontal chain conveyor belt is adopted for the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer to replace a carriage bottom plate, the existing technical scheme of vibration of the dumper cannot be used for the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer; when the conveyor belt is fully loaded, the load and the fluctuation of the drive chain wheel and the chain can be increased, and the service life of the conveyor belt chain and the vehicle body is seriously influenced.
The semitrailer is connected with a traction saddle of the tractor through a traction pin. The traction pin is welded or assembled and fixed on the traction plate, and the traction plate is welded on the frame longitudinal beam to form the traction device of the semitrailer. In order to lighten the weight of a vehicle body, a utility model with application number 201621400809.4 provides a semitrailer traction pin lightweight fixing device, which comprises a traction plate; set up web beam, reinforcement longeron, towing pin tie-beam and strip blind hole strengthening rib on the traction plate, can prevent the too fast wearing and tearing of traction plate and traction saddle. For damping purposes, the invention patent with application number 201510543607.9 proposes a towing device for a semitrailer, comprising a towing pin, a towing plate and a damping device for damping the towing plate; the traction plate is connected with the auxiliary frame through a vibration damper; vibration or impact of the semitrailer is buffered by the vibration damper and then transmitted to the tractor by the traction pin. Application number 201621156049.7's utility model patent has also provided a novel semitrailer fifth wheel, including towing pin, traction plate and the traction seat fixed plate and towing pin fixed disk of arranging on the traction plate in, still including being fixed in the toper sleeve buffer that pulls and pull, can cushion to reduce the friction between traction seat and the mill.
In addition, the suspension system of an automobile, also called a suspension, refers to the whole support system composed of springs and shock absorbers between the frame and the wheels, transmits the force and torque acting between the wheels and the frame, and buffers the impact force transmitted from an uneven road surface to the frame or the automobile body, and attenuates the vibration caused thereby, so as to ensure that the automobile can run smoothly and improve the riding performance. Therefore, the design of the automobile suspension has the functions of buffering and damping.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration auxiliary unloading method of a conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer, aiming at the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer which adopts a hydraulic motor, a driving chain wheel and a roller conveying chain to drive unloading, fully utilizing a suspension system and a traction device of the semitrailer, improving the running environment of a conveyor belt chain of the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer, reducing load and speed fluctuation, prolonging the service life of the chain, assisting in unloading, improving unloading efficiency and effect and avoiding residues. The direction described in the specification is based on the dump semi-trailer in normal driving, and the normal driving direction is front and the reverse direction is back; the inner part is towards the center of the carriage and the outer part is towards the outer side of the carriage; up and down, left and right, and so on. The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
A vibration auxiliary unloading method of a conveyor belt self-unloading semi-trailer is used for the conveyor belt self-unloading semi-trailer for driving unloading by adopting a hydraulic motor, a driving chain wheel and a roller conveying chain, adopts a vibration traction device and comprises four steps. The vibration traction device is provided with a cam 5, and when unloading, the vibration traction device generates up-and-down vibration of the carriage under the driving of the cam 5, and the vibration can be reduced by utilizing the suspension of the tractor and the semitrailer, so that the damage of vibration to the vehicle body is reduced, and the ground collapse is avoided; the vibration traction device is flexibly locked relative to the frame in the non-unloading time, and can alleviate impact and vibration in the running process.
Further, a rotary position sensor, hereinafter referred to as a cam indexing sensor, is mounted on a wheel shaft of the cam 5 of the vibration traction device to obtain the moment of the carriage vibration at the highest point and the instantaneous speed of the cam 5; the self-unloading semitrailer of the conveying belt is characterized in that a rotating position sensor and a torsion sensor are arranged on a wheel shaft of a driving chain wheel, hereinafter referred to as a chain wheel indexing sensor and a chain wheel torsion sensor respectively, and the rotating position and the torsion signal of the driving chain wheel are sampled to obtain the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel; the invention can realize closed-loop control based on the microprocessor, and has intelligence, accuracy and reliability.
The auxiliary unloading method comprises the following four steps:
firstly, before unloading begins, the vibration traction device loosens flexible locking relative to a frame, and a cam 5 is started to rotate, so that a carriage is in a vertical vibration state;
secondly, at the moment of starting unloading, the driving chain wheel is started, the carriage is at the highest point of vertical vibration, the motion state of the bulk cargos at the starting moment of the driving chain wheel is changed, and the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel is reduced;
thirdly, in the early stage of unloading, the rotating speed of the cam 5 is adjusted, so that the vibration period of the carriage is the same as the time for the driving chain wheel to rotate by one pitch, the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage is offset with the load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain, the load and speed fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain can be reduced, and the service lives of the conveyor belt chain and the vehicle body are prolonged;
and fourthly, in the later stage of unloading, the vibration cycle of the carriage is reduced, the vibration cycle is lower than the earlier stage of unloading, the bulk cargo adhered to the inner wall of the carriage can be vibrated down, the repose angle of the bulk cargo is reduced, the unloading is assisted, the unloading efficiency and the unloading effect are improved, and the residual is avoided.
A vibration traction device is used for the auxiliary unloading method of the invention and comprises a traction pin 1, a traction plate 2, a frame cross beam 3, a traction plate reinforcing beam 4, a cam 5, a hydraulic motor 6, a locking device 7 and a controller 8, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The traction plate 2 is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure and is fixedly connected with the traction pin 1, and the upper surface of the traction plate is provided with a traction plate reinforcing beam 4, so that the vibration traction device is provided with a reinforcing structure.
The traction plate 2 is hinged with the frame cross beam 3 at the front side through a hinge, is provided with a roller 51 at the rear part and is abutted with the cam 5 through the roller 51; the frame cross beam 3 is of a transverse rod-shaped structure, and the left end and the right end of the frame cross beam are fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam 9; the cam 5 is arranged on the frame; the hydraulic motor 6 drives the cam 5 to rotate, so that the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 move up and down relative to the frame, and the periodic up-and-down vibration of the carriage is caused, so that the vibration traction device is provided with a vibration structure.
The hinge between the front side of the traction plate 2 and the frame cross beam 3 is provided with a rubber bushing; the frame cross member 3 and the locking device 7 are provided with buffer layers, so that the vibration traction device is provided with a buffer structure.
The traction pin 1 is of a cylindrical structure, is fixedly connected with the traction plate 2 at the upper end, and can be inserted into a traction saddle of a tractor to obtain traction effect. The traction plate 2 is of a rectangular plate structure and is provided with a traction plate reinforcing beam 4 for fixing and supporting the traction pin 1.
The frame cross beam 3 is of a transverse rod-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam 9 at the left end and the right end, and comprises a front cross beam 31, a traction beam 32, a support beam 33 and a rear cross beam 34.
Further, the front cross beam 31 is provided with a hinge support at the rear side, a rubber bushing is arranged in the hinge support, and the hinge support is hinged with the traction plate reinforcing beam 4 through a hinge, so that the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 can move up and down relative to the frame.
Further, the draft sill 32 has a cushion layer on the lower side and the rear side, and abuts against the draft plate reinforcing member 4 to transmit the draft action from the kingpin 1 and the draft plate 2 to the vehicle frame.
Further, the support beam 33 is provided with a bearing support, and is connected with the cam 5 through the bearing support and a bearing, so that the cam 5 is fixed and supported on the vehicle frame, and the cam 5 is installed on the vehicle frame.
Further, the rear cross member 34 is fixedly connected with the hydraulic motor 6 at the front side and fixedly connected with the locking device 7 at the lower side, so as to provide fixing and supporting for the hydraulic motor 6 and the locking device 7 on the frame.
The traction plate reinforcing beam 4 is of a U-shaped section rod-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the traction plate 2, can reinforce the traction plate 2, and comprises a front transverse reinforcing beam 41, a longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 and a rear transverse reinforcing beam 43.
Further, the front transverse reinforcing beam 41 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the front transverse edge of the traction plate 2, is provided with a hinge support at the front side surface and is hinged with the front cross beam 31 through a hinge.
Further, the longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 is fixedly connected to the front transverse reinforcing beam 41 at the front end, to the rear transverse reinforcing beam 43 at the rear end, and to the traction plate 2 at the lower side. The longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 includes a center longitudinal beam and an edge longitudinal beam. The middle longitudinal beam is positioned in the middle of the left and right directions of the traction plate 2, the upper surface of the rear part is provided with a roller 51, and the roller 51 is abutted against the cam 5, so that the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 can move up and down relative to the frame. The side longitudinal beams are positioned at the left side and the right side of the traction plate 2, and the lower surface at the rear part is provided with an inclined surface which can be inserted with a locking device 7, so that the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 can be flexibly locked relative to the frame.
Further, the rear horizontal reinforcing beam 43 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 and the traction plate 2 at the lower side surface, and abuts against the traction beam 32 at the front side surface, so that a traction effect can be transmitted.
The cam 5 is arranged on the support beam 33 through a wheel shaft and a bearing and is connected with the hydraulic motor 6 through a chain to obtain a rotary driving force, and the rotary driving force drives the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 to move up and down relative to the frame.
Further, the cam 5 mounts a cam index sensor at one end of the axle. The cam indexing sensor is connected with the controller 8, and the moment when the carriage vibrates up and down at the highest point and the instantaneous speed of the cam 5 are obtained.
The hydraulic motor 6 is connected to a controller 8 to obtain a hydraulic driving force, and the rotational speed can be changed under the control of the controller 8 so that the period of the up-and-down vibration of the vehicle compartment is changed.
The locking device 7 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 71, a locking pin 72 and a limiting plate 73, and can flexibly lock the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 by driving the locking pin 72 to be inserted between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the rear part of the side rail and the limiting plate 73 to limit the up-and-down movement of the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 relative to the frame; when unloading, the locking pin 72 can be driven to withdraw from the position between the inclined surface of the lower rear surface of the side rail and the limit plate 73, and the flexible locking relative to the frame is released.
Further, the hydraulic cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the lower side surface of the rear cross member 34, and is connected to the controller 8 to obtain a hydraulic driving force, so that the locking pin 72 can be driven to move forward or backward, and locked or unlocked under the control of the controller 8.
Further, the locking pin 72 has a wedge pin at a front end thereof, and is fixedly connected to a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 71 at a rear end thereof, and can be driven by the hydraulic cylinder 71 to advance or retract. The wedge-shaped pin is of a wedge-shaped block structure, and the surface of the wedge-shaped pin is provided with a buffer layer, so that the traction pin 1 and the traction plate 2 are flexibly locked.
Further, the limiting plate 73 is of a right-angled triangle plate-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam 9 on one side of the longitudinal right-angle side, is fixedly connected with the rear cross beam 34 on one side of the transverse right-angle side, and abuts against the lower side surface of the locking pin 72 during locking to limit the vertical position of the locking pin 72 relative to the frame.
The controller 8 is installed on the rear side surface of the rear cross beam 34, and at least comprises a microprocessor, a memory and an electric control hydraulic component, and is connected with a cam indexing sensor, a sprocket torsion sensor, the hydraulic motor 6, the hydraulic cylinder 71, a semitrailer hydraulic system and a vehicle-mounted computer of a tractor, so that a rotating position signal of the cam 5, a rotating position signal of a driving sprocket, torsion of the driving sprocket, hydraulic driving force and setting parameters can be obtained, the hydraulic motor 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 71 can be driven and controlled, the vibration period of a carriage can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 6, and parameter setting can be carried out through a touch screen of the vehicle-mounted.
Further, the controller 8 can obtain a rotation position signal of the cam 5, a rotation position signal of the driving sprocket and a torque force of the driving sprocket through a cam indexing sensor, a sprocket indexing sensor and a sprocket torque force sensor, obtain a hydraulic driving force from a hydraulic system of the semitrailer, drive and control the hydraulic motor 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 71, realize closed-loop control based on a microprocessor, and have intelligence.
Furthermore, the electric control hydraulic assembly at least comprises a hydraulic pipe fitting, an electric control flow valve and other electric control hydraulic valves.
Further, the setting parameters at least comprise a start-up advance time and an early-stage coefficient. The start advance time refers to the time when the carriage starts to vibrate before the drive sprocket starts. The early stage coefficient refers to the proportion of the early stage of unloading in the unloading time.
Further, the memory stores at least setting parameters, vibration cycle data and a variation rule thereof.
The vibration period records the time of one rotation of the cam 5, reflects the vibration period of the carriage, and is related to the type of bulk cargo, the unloading time and the carriage loading quality. And the vibration period records experimental data aiming at different bulk cargo types, unloading moments and carriage loading mass before delivery.
The unloading moment is a point in time within the unloading time. The unloading time is the time from the beginning to the end of unloading, is related to the type of the bulk cargo and the loading quality of the carriage, and records experimental data aiming at different types of the bulk cargo and the loading quality of the carriage before delivery.
And the change rule of the vibration cycle reflects the change rule of the vibration cycle relative to each unloading moment, and the vibration cycle value of each unloading moment is recorded.
The method for determining the early stage of unloading comprises the following steps: (1) determining the torque from the sprocket torque sensor at idle before shipmentF minAnd is recorded as the minimum load. (2) At the start of unloading, the torque obtained from the sprocket torque sensor is recordedF maxAnd is recorded as the maximum load. ComputingF mid=（F max－F min）×（1－α）＋F min，F midIndicating the end load of the early stage of unloading;αthe early stage coefficient is in the range of 0.1-0.9, and the default value is 0.3. (3) After unloading begins, the torsion of the torsion sensor of the chain wheel is continuously sampled and then falls toF midAnd then the early stage of unloading is finished, and the late stage of unloading is started.
The vibration cycle determining method of the carriage comprises the following steps: (1) before unloading begins, a default value for the vibration period is extracted. The default value is used for taking out the experimental data before the factory when the first unloading is carried out after the factory leaves; after multiple discharges, the default record of the last discharge is taken.
(2) Sampling rotation positions and torque signals of a sprocket indexing sensor and a sprocket torque sensor after unloading starts, and acquiring and recording instantaneous speed and instantaneous load of a driving sprocket; meanwhile, according to historical and factory vibration cycle data and change rules thereof, the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel are predicted, and the rotating speed of the cam 5 is adjusted and recorded.
(3) In the early stage of unloading, the rotating speed of the cam 5 is adjusted and recorded so that the vibration period of the carriage is the same as the time for the driving chain wheel to rotate by one pitch, and the vibration period is used as a default value and recorded so that the instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel is reduced uniformly, and the instantaneous fluctuation of the speed and the load is reduced.
(4) In the later stage of unloading, the vibration period of the carriage is reduced, the rotation speed of the cam 5 is adjusted and recorded according to historical and factory-leaving vibration period data and the change rule thereof, the vibration period of the carriage is optimized, the unloading efficiency and the unloading effect are optimal, the bulk cargos adhered to the inner wall of the carriage are vibrated, the repose angle of the bulk cargos is reduced, and the residual is avoided.
Supplementary explanation: (1) in the vibration-assisted unloading method, at the moment of starting unloading, the carriage is at the highest point of vertical vibration; the rotation speed of the driving chain wheel is gradually increased from zero, and the load is increased along with the rotation speed. Meanwhile, the carriage falls from the highest point of vibration, so that the pressure of full-load bulk cargos on the conveying belt can be reduced, and the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel can be reduced. In addition, the bulk cargo falls, the motion state is changed, and the pressure among the bulk cargo particles is released, so that the conveyer belt is easy to start, and the load peak value for starting the driving chain wheel can be reduced.
(2) By adopting the dumper provided by the invention, the vibration period of the carriage is recorded according to experimental data before delivery. The drive hydraulic motor 6 of the cam 5, the drive hydraulic motor of the drive sprocket and other hydraulic components have nominal parameters, such as nominal rotational speed, nominal flow rate and nominal pressure. Thus, at the start of unloading, the difference between the vibration period of the car and the time for the drive sprocket to rotate by one pitch is small. At the time of the start of unloading, the carriage is at the highest point of vertical vibration, and the rotation speed of the drive sprocket gradually increases from zero. The phase difference between the vibration of the carriage and the fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain is small, the period is close to the same, and the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage and the load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain can be offset without superposition.
(3) In order to improve the vibration assisting effect of the invention, the contour curve of the cam 5 is optimally designed to control the carriage to fall in an accelerated manner after passing through the highest point; thereafter, the falling speed gradually decreases; and then slowly and smoothly rises.
(4) Because the method of the invention causes the up-and-down vibration of the carriage, which is vertical to the horizontal load direction of the conveyor belt chain, most energy of the up-and-down vibration of the carriage is absorbed by the vehicle body, and the small energy causes the horizontal load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain to be reduced. The design of the profile curve of the cam 5 can ensure that the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage and the load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain can be completely offset when the carriage verifies the fixed load quality.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the vibration auxiliary unloading method adopts a vibration traction device; when unloading, the hydraulic motor 6 drives the cam 5 to rotate, so that the carriage vibrates up and down, the suspension of the tractor and the semitrailer can be used for damping vibration, the damage of vibration to the vehicle body is reduced, and the ground is prevented from collapsing; in the non-unloading time, the flexible locking is realized relative to the frame, so that the impact and vibration in the running process can be alleviated; the vibration reduction structure of the tractor and the semitrailer is fully utilized, so that the damage of vibration to the vehicle body is avoided; the strengthening structure, the vibration structure and the buffer structure are added in the traction device, the traction device is optimized, and the lightweight of the vehicle body is facilitated to be promoted.
(2) According to the invention, the cam indexing sensor is arranged on the wheel shaft of the cam 5 of the vibration traction device, the chain wheel indexing sensor and the chain wheel torsion sensor are arranged on the wheel shaft of the driving chain wheel, and the microprocessor of the controller 8 is used for sampling feedback signals in real time, so that closed-loop control is realized, the control is accurate and reliable, continuous learning and optimization can be realized on the basis of factory data, and the intelligent vibration traction device has intelligence.
(3) In the early stage of unloading, the phase difference between the vibration of the carriage and the fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain is small, the period is close, the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage can be counteracted with the load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain, the motion state of bulk cargos at the starting moment of the driving chain wheel is changed, the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel can be reduced, and the load and speed fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain is reduced; in the later stage of unloading, the vibration cycle of carriage reduces and optimizes, can shake the bulk cargo that bonds in the carriage inner wall that falls, reduces bulk cargo angle of repose, and supplementary unloading improves unloading efficiency and effect, avoids remaining. Compared with the vibration auxiliary technology of the existing dumper, the vibration auxiliary unloading device can reduce the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel on the basis of auxiliary unloading, can reduce the load and speed fluctuation of the driving chain wheel and the chain of the conveying belt, promotes the improvement and optimization of the chain of the conveying belt, and prolongs the service life of the chain of the conveying belt and the dumper body.
(4) In the early stage of unloading, the loads of the vehicle body and the conveyor belt chain are larger, and the vibration-assisted unloading method can reduce the load peak value of the start of the driving chain wheel and reduce the load and speed fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain; in the later stage of unloading, the loads of the car body and the conveyor belt chain are smaller, and the vibration auxiliary unloading method reduces and optimizes the vibration period of the carriage and assists in unloading. Therefore, the unloading device conforms to the natural law of the unloading process, can improve the working environment of the conveyor belt chain and the vehicle body, and prolongs the service life of the conveyor belt chain and the vehicle body.
(5) The vibration-assisted unloading method can also be used in other occasions with large chain load change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general construction of a vibratory traction device, also shown in a right side view;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the vibratory traction device.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a towing pin 1, a towing plate 2, a frame cross beam 3, a front cross beam 31, a towing beam 32, a support beam 33, a rear cross beam 34, a towing plate reinforcing beam 4, a front transverse reinforcing beam 41, a longitudinal reinforcing beam 42, a rear transverse reinforcing beam 43, a cam 5, a roller 51, a hydraulic motor 6, a locking device 7, a hydraulic cylinder 71, a locking pin 72, a limiting plate 73, a controller 8 and a frame longitudinal beam 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the vibratory traction device, and fig. 2 is a plan view of the vibratory traction device. The vibration traction device comprises a traction pin 1, a traction plate 2, a frame cross beam 3, a traction plate reinforcing beam 4, a cam 5, a hydraulic motor 6, a locking device 7 and a controller 8. The towing pin 1 is of a cylindrical configuration and is fixedly connected at its upper end to a towing plate 2, preferably of a known towing pin product. The fixed connection is preferably welded, and can also adopt bolt connection. The traction plate 2 is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, and is preferably formed by machining a steel plate profile.
The frame cross beam 3 is of a transverse rod-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam 9 at the left end and the right end, and comprises a front cross beam 31, a traction beam 32, a support beam 33 and a rear cross beam 34. The fixed connection is preferably welded. The front cross member 31, the draft sill 32, the seat sill 33 and the rear cross member 34 are preferably machined from rectangular steel tubular profiles.
The front cross member 31 has a hinge mount on the rear side, in which a rubber bushing is provided. The hinge support and the rubber bushing are preferably known hinge support and rubber bushing products. The draft sill 32 is cushioned on the underside and rear side. The buffer layer is preferably made of synthetic rubber through hot pressing and vulcanization. The support beam 33 has a bearing support, via which the cam 5 is connected. The bearing support and the bearing are preferably known bearing supports and bearing products. The rear cross member 34 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic motor 6 at the front side. The fixed connection is preferably connected by bolts, so that the maintenance and the replacement can be convenient.
The traction plate reinforcing beam 4 is of a U-shaped section rod-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the traction plate 2, can reinforce the traction plate 2, and comprises a front transverse reinforcing beam 41, a longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 and a rear transverse reinforcing beam 43. The fixed connection is preferably welded. The front transverse reinforcing beam 41, the longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 and the rear transverse reinforcing beam 43 are preferably steel plate profiles, and are formed by bending and machining. The front cross reinforcement beam 41 has a hinge mount on the front side. The hinge mounts are identical to the hinge mounts of the front cross member 31. The longitudinal reinforcing beam 42 includes a center longitudinal beam and an edge longitudinal beam. The middle longitudinal beam is provided with rollers 51 on the upper surface of the rear part. The roller 51 is preferably a known roller product.
The cam 5 is mounted on the support beam 33 through a wheel shaft and a bearing, and is connected with the hydraulic motor 6 through a chain to obtain a rotary driving force for rotation. The cam 5 and its axle are preferably machined from a known round steel profile. The cam 5 mounts a cam index sensor at one end of the axle. The cam indexing sensor is connected with the controller 8 through an electric wire to exchange information. The cam index sensor is preferably a known sensor product.
The hydraulic motor 6 is preferably a known hydraulic motor product. The locking device 7 includes a hydraulic cylinder 71, a locking pin 72, and a stopper plate 73. The hydraulic cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the rear cross member 34. The fixed connection is preferably connected by bolts, so that the maintenance and the replacement can be convenient. The hydraulic motor 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 71 are connected with the controller 8 through hydraulic pipes to obtain hydraulic driving force. The hydraulic cylinder 71 is preferably a known hydraulic cylinder product.
The locking pin 72 has a wedge pin at the front end and is fixedly connected at the rear end to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 71. The fixed connection is preferably connected by bolts, so that the maintenance and the replacement can be convenient. The wedge-shaped pin is of a wedge-shaped block structure, and preferably, a steel plate profile is forged and formed; the surface of the wedge-shaped pin is provided with a buffer layer, and synthetic rubber is preferably subjected to hot pressing and vulcanization processing. The limiting plate 73 is of a right-angled triangle plate-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam 9 on one side of a longitudinal right-angle side, is fixedly connected with the rear cross beam 34 on one side of a transverse right-angle side, and is preferably formed by machining a steel plate profile. The fixed connection is preferably welded.
The controller 8 is installed on the rear side surface of the rear cross beam 34 and at least comprises a microprocessor, a memory and an electric control hydraulic component. The microprocessor and memory, preferably known microprocessor and memory products, are mounted on known printed circuit boards and then, along with the electrically controlled hydraulic components, within a rigid housing to form the controller 8. The rigid shell is preferably formed from a known steel sheet profile by stamping and welding. The electric control hydraulic component at least comprises a hydraulic pipe fitting, an electric control flow valve and other electric control hydraulic valves, and preferably well-known hydraulic pipe fittings and electric control hydraulic valve products.
And the controller 8 is connected with the cam transposition sensor, the chain wheel torsion sensor and a vehicle-mounted computer of the tractor through electric wires to exchange data. The controller 8 is connected with the hydraulic motor 6, the hydraulic cylinder 71 and the semitrailer hydraulic system through hydraulic pipe fittings, obtains hydraulic driving force from the semitrailer hydraulic system, and drives and controls the hydraulic motor 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 71 through an electric control hydraulic valve.
The microprocessor needs to develop a monitoring program to perform closed-loop control. The on-board computer connected to the controller 8 needs to be installed with corresponding management software for data exchange and communication. The development of the monitoring program and the management software is completed by adopting a known development tool according to corresponding hardware, an operating system and a communication protocol.
The self-unloading semitrailer of the conveying belt is arranged on a wheel shaft of a driving chain wheel, and a chain wheel indexing sensor and a chain wheel torsion sensor are arranged on the self-unloading semitrailer of the conveying belt, preferably known sensor products.
The types of bulk in the factory records are preferably sorted by bulk name and associated attributes, such as: big stones, small stones and small wet stones. The relevant attributes are attributes which have a large influence on the unloading operation, such as humidity, viscosity and granularity. In the factory record, the unit of the discharge time is preferably seconds. In factory records, the vehicle-mounted mass preferably accounts for 50% to 120% of the fixed-mounted mass.
In the method for determining the early stage of unloading, obtainingF minAndF maxthe data from the sprocket torque sensor is sampled, preferably as an average of a plurality of data over a period of time of one pitch of the drive sprocket.
In the method for determining the vibration period of the carriage, the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel are predicted according to historical and factory vibration period data and the change rule thereof, and a known time series analysis algorithm is preferably used for realizing the method.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It is within the scope of the present invention to modify the materials and fabrication processes while still meeting the structural and performance requirements of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a vibration auxiliary discharge method of conveyer belt self-discharging semitrailer for adopt hydraulic motor, driving sprocket and roller conveying chain drive to unload the conveyer belt self-discharging semitrailer, adopt vibration draw gear, contain four steps, its characterized in that: the vibration traction device is provided with a cam (5), and when unloading, the vibration traction device generates up-and-down vibration of the carriage by the driving of the cam (5), so that the vibration can be reduced by utilizing the suspension of the tractor and the semitrailer, and the damage of the vibration to the vehicle body is reduced;
the vibration traction device is flexibly locked relative to the frame in the non-unloading time, so that the impact and vibration in the running process can be alleviated;
the vibration traction device is provided with a cam indexing sensor to obtain the moment of the carriage vibration at the highest point and the instantaneous speed of the cam (5); the conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer is provided with a chain wheel transposition sensor and a chain wheel torsion sensor to obtain the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous load of a driving chain wheel; the method realizes closed-loop control based on the microprocessor and has intelligence;
the four steps are as follows:
firstly, before unloading begins, the vibration traction device looses the locking, and a cam (5) is started to rotate, so that a carriage is in a vertical vibration state;
secondly, at the moment of starting unloading, the carriage is at the highest point of vertical vibration, the motion state of the bulk cargos at the starting moment of the driving chain wheel is changed, and the load peak value of the starting of the driving chain wheel is reduced;
thirdly, in the early stage of unloading, the rotating speed of the cam (5) is adjusted, so that the vibration period of the carriage is the same as the time for the driving chain wheel to rotate by one pitch, the load fluctuation caused by the vibration of the carriage is offset with the load fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain, the load and speed fluctuation of the conveyor belt chain can be reduced, and the service lives of the conveyor belt chain and the vehicle body are prolonged;
fourthly, in the later stage of unloading, the vibration period of the carriage is reduced, the bulk cargos adhered to the inner wall of the carriage can be vibrated down, the repose angle of the bulk cargos is reduced, and the unloading efficiency and effect are improved;
the vibration traction device comprises a traction pin (1), a traction plate (2), a frame cross beam (3), a traction plate reinforcing beam (4), a cam (5), a hydraulic motor (6), a locking device (7) and a controller (8);
the traction plate (2) is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure and is fixedly connected with the traction pin (1), and a traction plate reinforcing beam (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the traction plate, so that the vibration traction device is provided with a reinforcing structure;
the front side of the traction plate (2) is hinged with the frame cross beam (3) through a hinge, the rear part of the traction plate is provided with a roller (51), and the traction plate is abutted against the cam (5) through the roller (51);
the frame cross beam (3) is of a transverse rod-shaped structure, and the left end and the right end of the frame cross beam are fixedly connected with the frame longitudinal beam (9);
the cam (5) is arranged on the frame;
the hydraulic motor (6) drives the cam (5) to rotate, so that the traction pin (1) and the traction plate (2) move up and down relative to the frame to cause the carriage to vibrate up and down periodically, and the vibration traction device is provided with a vibration structure;
the hinge between the front side of the traction plate (2) and the frame cross beam (3) is provided with a rubber bushing;
the frame cross beam (3) and the locking device (7) are provided with buffer layers, so that the vibration traction device is provided with a buffer structure.
2. The vibration-assisted unloading method of the conveyor-belt dump semi-trailer as recited in claim 1, wherein: the method for determining the early stage of unloading comprises the following steps: determining the torque from the sprocket torque sensor at idle before shipmentF min；
At the start of unloading, the torque obtained from the sprocket torque sensor is recordedF max(ii) a ComputingF mid=（F max－F min）×（1－α）＋F min；F midIndicating the end load of the early stage of unloading;αis a prophase coefficient;
after unloading begins, the torsion of the torsion sensor of the chain wheel is continuously sampled and then falls toF midAnd then the early stage of unloading is finished, and the late stage of unloading is started.
3. The vibration-assisted unloading method of the conveyor-belt dump semi-trailer as recited in claim 1, wherein: the vibration cycle determining method of the carriage comprises the following steps: extracting a default value of a vibration period before unloading begins;
after unloading begins, acquiring and recording the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel; meanwhile, according to historical and factory vibration cycle data and change rules thereof, predicting the instantaneous speed and instantaneous load of the driving chain wheel, and adjusting and recording the rotating speed of the cam (5);
in the early stage of unloading, the rotating speed of the cam (5) is adjusted and recorded, so that the vibration period of the carriage is the same as the time for the driving chain wheel to rotate by one pitch, and the vibration period is used as a default value of the vibration period and is recorded, and the instantaneous fluctuation of the speed and the load is reduced;
in the later stage of unloading, the vibration period of the carriage is optimized to vibrate and drop the bulk cargos adhered to the inner wall of the carriage, and the repose angle of the bulk cargos is reduced.
4. The vibration-assisted unloading method of the conveyor-belt dump semi-trailer as recited in claim 1, wherein: the traction pin (1) is of a cylindrical structure, is fixedly connected with the traction plate (2) at the upper end and can be inserted into a traction saddle of a tractor to obtain traction effect;
the frame cross beam (3) comprises a front cross beam (31), a traction beam (32), a support beam (33) and a rear cross beam (34); the front cross beam (31) is provided with a hinge support, a rubber bushing is arranged in the hinge support, and the hinge support is hinged with the traction plate reinforcing beam (4) through a hinge; the traction beam (32) is provided with a buffer layer and is abutted with the traction plate reinforcing beam (4); the support beam (33) is provided with a bearing support and is connected with the cam (5) through the bearing support and a bearing, so that the cam (5) is installed on the frame; the rear cross beam (34) is fixedly connected with a hydraulic motor (6) and a locking device (7);
the traction plate reinforcing beam (4) is of a U-shaped cross section rod-shaped structure, is fixedly connected with the traction plate (2), can reinforce the traction plate (2), and comprises a front transverse reinforcing beam (41), a longitudinal reinforcing beam (42) and a rear transverse reinforcing beam (43);
the longitudinal reinforcing beam (42) is fixedly connected with the front transverse reinforcing beam (41) at the front end and fixedly connected with the rear transverse reinforcing beam (43) at the rear part, and comprises a middle longitudinal beam and an edge longitudinal beam; the upper surface of the rear part of the middle longitudinal beam is provided with a roller (51) which is abutted against the cam (5) through the roller (51); the lower surface of the rear part of the side longitudinal beam is provided with an inclined plane;
the cam (5) is connected with a hydraulic motor (6) through a chain to obtain a rotary driving force, and drives the traction pin (1) and the traction plate (2) to move up and down relative to the frame;
the locking device (7) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (71), a locking pin (72) and a limiting plate (73), the locking pin (72) can be driven to be inserted between the inclined surface of the side longitudinal beam and the limiting plate (73) to limit the up-and-down movement of the traction pin (1) and the traction plate (2) relative to the frame, the traction pin (1) and the traction plate (2) are flexibly locked, and the locking pin (72) can be driven to withdraw and be released for locking when unloading;
the front end of the locking pin (72) is provided with a wedge-shaped pin, the rear end of the locking pin is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (71), and the locking pin can move forwards or backwards under the driving of the hydraulic cylinder (71); the wedge-shaped pin is of a wedge-shaped block structure, and the surface of the wedge-shaped pin is provided with a buffer layer, so that the traction pin (1) and the traction plate (2) are flexibly locked;
the controller (8) is installed on the rear side face of the rear cross beam (34), at least comprises a microprocessor, a memory and an electric control hydraulic assembly, is connected with a cam indexing sensor, a chain wheel torsion sensor, a hydraulic motor (6), a hydraulic cylinder (71), a semitrailer hydraulic system and a vehicle-mounted computer of a tractor, and can adjust the vibration period of a carriage by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor (6).
5. A vibration-assisted unloading method for a conveyor-belt dump semi-trailer according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the controller (8) can obtain a rotating position signal of the cam (5), a rotating position signal of the driving chain wheel and the torsion of the driving chain wheel, obtain hydraulic driving force from a hydraulic system of the semitrailer, drive and control the hydraulic motor (6) and the hydraulic cylinder (71), realize closed-loop control based on a microprocessor and have intelligence.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810899741.6A CN109050377B (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | Vibration-assisted unloading method of conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer |
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| CN201810899741.6A CN109050377B (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | Vibration-assisted unloading method of conveyor belt self-unloading semitrailer |
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| CN109050377B true CN109050377B (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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| CN109050377A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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