CN109047853A - A kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision - Google Patents
A kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision Download PDFInfo
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- CN109047853A CN109047853A CN201811136580.1A CN201811136580A CN109047853A CN 109047853 A CN109047853 A CN 109047853A CN 201811136580 A CN201811136580 A CN 201811136580A CN 109047853 A CN109047853 A CN 109047853A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/02—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring deep holes; Trepanning, e.g. of gun or rifle barrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B45/00—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor
- B23B45/02—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor driven by electric power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
- B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/28—Electric drives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provisions, including axial excitation unit, twist cell and amplitude real-time measurement display unit；Axial excitation unit includes frequency converter, vibrating motor, ginseng vibration body and workpiece axial direction fixation kit；Two vibrating motor energy synchronous vibrations, each vibrating motor are all connected with a frequency converter；The weighting block that two angles are adjustable respectively is arranged in the motor shaft both ends of each vibrating motor；Twist cell includes unidirectional torsion component, the period back and forth reverses component and workpiece reverses clamp assemblies.Amplitude real-time measurement display unit is for being measured in real time and showing to the axial amplitude of axial excitation unit.The present invention is able to achieve the switching of three kinds of different mode of vibrations, can improve gun drilling efficiency and processing quality.Under conditions of maintaining drill gun course feed, workpiece is fixed on actuating vibration table as actuating vibration table does axial vibration, in addition, workpiece can also do reciprocal twist motion, meets the design requirement of test platform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deep hole machining field, especially a kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision.
Background technique
As industrial technology develops, deep hole machining is widely used to the energy (oil extraction, coal, electric power), aviation boat
It, the fields such as metallurgy, automobile, chemical industry and proportion become increasingly conspicuous.Currently, hole machined is about in entire machining system
30% is accounted for, wherein 40% or more hole machined belongs to the scope of deep hole machining, 22% is the processing for solid material, and phase
Close statistics indicate that, the yield of drill bit accounts for about the 60% of cutter total output.
Nineteen fifties, vibration drilling theory take the lead in proposing by pure professor youth in river bend portion.Compared to common drilling,
Vibration drilling has full advantage: chip breaking is reliable, and chip removal is smooth, and cutting force and cutting temperature reduce, and machining accuracy improves, knife
Has service life extension.Self-excited oscillation drilling emerged over 70 years, and superior cutting ability and wide development space excite both at home and abroad
Scholar is unfolded to study persistently.
Currently, vibration drilling is fruitful in general field, and has derived the exciting instrument of many forms, but
These exciting instruments are for deep hole machining field, and there are some problems of following aspect:
1. being ultrasonic excitation instrument mostly, this kind of vibration excitor volume is big, involves great expense, and assay format is single, is not suitable for experiment
Research uses.
2. being mostly low frequency vibration exciter, precision is inadequate, it is difficult to maintain stable amplitude, deep hole machining quality is had a greatly reduced quality.
3. existing exciting device is mostly based on axial vibration, exciting is in the form of a single.In addition, existing vibration device is mostly logical
Exciting drill body is crossed to realize desired movement, such device there are many restrictions for the structure of drillstock.
4. the form that the appearance of deep hole machining greatly improves the quality in processing hole, enriches processing hole.But adding
When this kind of material of work titanium alloy, the quality and efficiency of deep hole machining are inevitably affected.Traditional cutting working method
It is difficult that deep hole machining increased quality steps to a new level again, meanwhile, the continuous development of China's machine-building industry also adds deep hole
Work precision and surface quality propose more harsh requirement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of deep hole machine spindles-
Complex excitation experimental provision is turned round, the deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision is able to achieve cutting for three kinds of different mode of vibrations
It changes, gun drilling efficiency and processing quality can be improved.Under conditions of maintaining drill gun course feed, workpiece is fixed on actuating vibration table
On do axial vibration with actuating vibration table, in addition, workpiece can also do reciprocal twist motion, the design for meeting test platform is wanted
It asks.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, including axial excitation unit, twist cell and amplitude real-time measurement
Display unit.
Axial excitation unit, for making the workpiece to deep hole machining carry out axial vibration；Axial excitation unit includes frequency conversion
Device, vibrating motor, ginseng vibration body and workpiece axial direction fixation kit；The quantity of vibrating motor is two, is symmetricly set on ginseng vibration machine
The mass center of the two sides of body, the mass center and ginseng vibration body of two vibrating motors coincides；Ginseng vibration organism bottom and installation pedestal are horizontal
It is slidably connected, installation pedestal is fixed on machining tool.
Two vibrating motor energy synchronous vibrations, each vibrating motor are all connected with a frequency converter；The electricity of each vibrating motor
The weighting block that two angles are adjustable respectively is arranged in arbor both ends.
Workpiece axial direction fixation kit is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, for consolidating the progress of the workpiece to deep hole machining position
It is fixed.
Twist cell is used to making the workpiece to deep hole machining to carry out the unidirectional or period back and forth reversing, when workpiece axial restraint group
After part and ginseng vibration body are removed, twist cell can be detachably connected with ginseng vibration body.
Twist cell includes unidirectional torsion component, the period back and forth reverses component and workpiece reverses clamp assemblies.
Workpiece torsion clamp assemblies include the tapered roller bearing support and scroll chuck of coaxial arrangement；Tapered roller bearing
Support is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, taper roller thrust bearing is equipped in tapered roller bearing support, to deep hole machining
The processing end of workpiece be fixedly connected with scroll chuck, to be mounted on taper roller thrust bearing in the middle part of the workpiece of deep hole machining
It is interior.
Unidirectional torsion component includes servo motor one and speed reducer one, the electricity of the inputting shaft and servo motor one of speed reducer one
Machine output shaft is connected, and the output shaft of speed reducer one and the driving end of the workpiece to deep hole machining are detachably connected.
It includes two servo motors, two speed reducers, two drive shafts and link mechanism that period, which back and forth reverses component,；Two
Servo motor is coaxial and is oppositely arranged, and the motor output shaft of each servo motor is connected with the inputting shaft of speed reducer, slows down
The output shaft of machine connects a drive shaft by shaft coupling；Link mechanism includes two short cranks, two root long cranks and stretches
Connecting rod.
One end of two short cranks is connected with corresponding drive shaft respectively, the other end of two short cranks respectively with it is flexible
The top of connecting rod is hinged；One end of two long cranks is hinged with the bottom end of shrinking connecting-rod respectively, two long cranks it is another
The driving end respectively with the workpiece to deep hole machining is held to be detachably connected.
Amplitude real-time measurement display unit is for being measured in real time and showing to the axial amplitude of axial excitation unit.
Shrinking connecting-rod includes screw shell, upper threaded rod and lower threaded rod；At the top of screw shell in inner cavity and bottom inner cavity
Hand of spiral on the contrary, the top of upper threaded rod is hinged with two short cranks, the bottom of upper threaded rod and the top of screw shell
The cooperation of portion's thread in inner cavity；The top of lower threaded rod and the bottom thread in inner cavity of screw shell cooperate, the bottom end and two of lower threaded rod
A long crank is hinged.
Amplitude real-time measurement display unit includes piezoelectric accelerometer and display element.
Piezoelectric accelerometer setting is on ginseng vibration body.
It further include body vibration absorption unit, body vibration absorption unit includes spring-damper, and spring-damper setting is in ginseng vibration machine
Between body and installation pedestal.
Body vibration absorption unit further includes damping spring, and servo motor and servo motor one pass through servo motor bracket and ginseng
Vibration body is connected, and damping spring setting is between servo motor bracket and ginseng vibration body.
Body vibration absorption unit further includes limiting device, and the both ends of installation pedestal are arranged in limiting device, for ginseng vibration machine
The displacement that slides axially of body is limited.
Workpiece axial direction fixation kit includes V-type frame and the clamping press plate for being detachably arranged at V-type top of the trellis.
The vibration frequency of vibrating motor can continuously adjust in 20 ~ 50Hz, and the amplitude of vibrating motor is between 5 ~ 20 microns
It adjusts, the exciting force of vibrating motor is 1500 to adjusting interior between 2000N.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The first, the present invention is only for deep hole gun drill drilling.In actual processing, since drill gun major diameter is bigger, drilling rod rigidity compared with
Low, in deep hole gun drill drilling system, drill gun is from experience elasticity factor and process damping effect, and the decaying of drilling rod amplitude is serious, no
It can effectively realize target, therefore this design alternative exciting workpiece realizes that carrying out vibration drilling can effectively reduce amplitude decaying width
Degree.
The second, disposed a pair of of taper roller thrust bearing in workpiece installation pedestal, and with a pair of of flange its both ends into
The locking of row screw, by workpiece and ginseng shake body it is affixed be an entirety.Not only it had given axial force transmission to ginseng vibration body, but also had effectively disappeared
In addition to end-play is to processing bring adverse effect.
Third is used as power to input using servo motor and speed reducer collocation, and the torque of input is bigger, and process is also more steady
It is fixed.It adjusts also more simple when revolving speed and torque.
It 4th, in many exciting instruments in vibrocutting field is shaken using ultrasonic wave high-frequency vibration and mechanical low frequency
It is dynamic, the main problems such as that there are volumes is big, expensive, response is not prompt enough.Innovatively using vibrating motor as exciting source,
While reaching design requirement, the advantage of economy is had both.
5th, supply frequency is adjusted by frequency converter and adjusts motor speed and excited frequency, adjust two weighting blocks
Corner dimension to change exciting force and amplitude.And be aided with circuit and interlock two vibrating motors, keep it complete during operation
It is complete synchronous, the influence of the vibration component other than direction of vibration is eliminated, the oscillation trajectory of body is of a straight line type, meets deep hole machining
Requirement.
6th, using shrinking connecting-rod passing movement, the screw thread at screw shell both ends be it is reversed, when by its clockwise direction
When rotation, upper threaded rod and lower threaded rod will be mobile to the direction far from screw shell under the engagement of screw thread, increase
Distance between crank causes workpiece and the amplitude of the reciprocal twist motion of scroll chuck to reduce.Conversely, between crank will be reduced away from
From the amplitude for causing workpiece and scroll chuck back and forth to reverse increases.The operation of adjusting is relatively simple.
7th, structure is full symmetric, and mass center is easier estimation body when installing vibrating motor on center vertical plane
Centroid position, as much as possible guarantee process it is steady.
8th, modularization idea is embodied, when only needing axial vibration, twist cell can be removed, directly changes workpiece axial direction
Fixation kit, and be aided with device for measuring force etc..
9th, it both can unidirectionally reverse, also may be implemented the period back and forth reverses.
Tenth, small volume, structure is simple, stable, and cost is relatively low for manufacture and maintenance, vdiverse in function, meets real
Test Platform Designing requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows a kind of top view of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of profilograph of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the enlarged diagram of link mechanism in the present invention.
Wherein have:
11. vibrating motor；111. fixed weighting block；112. movable weighting block；
12. ginseng vibration body；121. shaking platform；
13. installation pedestal；131. sliding block；132. sliding rail；
211. servo motor；212. speed reducer；213. shaft coupling；214. drive shaft；
22. link mechanism；
221. short cranks；222. long cranks；Threaded rod on 223.；224. screw shell；225. lower threaded rods；
23. scroll chuck；
241. servo motors one；242. servo motor brackets；243. angular contact ball bearing；
25. tapered roller bearing；251. tapered roller bearing supports；
31. spring-damper；32. limiting device；
40. workpiece.
Specific embodiment
Xia Mianjiehefutuhejuti compare Jia Shishifangshiduibenfamingzuojinyibuxiangxishuoming.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, including axial excitation unit, torsion
Turn unit, amplitude real-time measurement display unit and body vibration absorption unit.
Axial excitation unit, for making the workpiece to deep hole machining carry out axial vibration.Axial excitation unit includes frequency conversion
Device, vibrating motor 11, ginseng vibration body 12 and workpiece axial direction fixation kit.
The quantity of vibrating motor is two, is symmetricly set on the two sides of ginseng vibration body, the mass center and ginseng of two vibrating motors
The mass center of vibration body coincides.
Ginseng vibration organism bottom is shaking platform 121, and shaking platform is slidably connected with 13 level of installation pedestal, it is preferable that installation
Sliding rail 132 is preferably provided on pedestal, shaking platform bottom is preferably provided with sliding block 131, and sliding block is slidably matched with sliding rail.
Installation pedestal is preferably fixed on machining tool.
Ginseng vibration body includes each mounting bracket and component etc., selects to need to consider its whole quality when vibrating motor.
Two vibrating motors are mounted by means of bolts on ginseng vibration body two sides, the mass center that mass center passes through ginseng vibration body.
Two vibrating motor energy synchronous vibrations, preferably pass through interlocked control.
Each vibrating motor is all connected with a frequency converter, and frequency converter is by adjusting input power frequency, to adjust vibration
The revolving speed and vibration frequency of motor, frequency are adjustable in 20Hz to the section 50Hz.
The weighting block that two angles are adjustable respectively is arranged in the motor shaft both ends of each vibrating motor.Two weighting blocks are respectively
Fixed weighting block 111 and movable weighting block 112, wherein the position of fixed weighting block 111 is fixed, and movable weighting block 112 can be opposite
The motor shaft of vibrating motor rotates.Relative position by adjusting two pieces of weighting blocks is the position of changeable mass center.When two pieces partially
When pouring weight is close to each other to reduce its angle, the eccentric block mass center radius of gyration becomes larger, otherwise becomes smaller, and exciting force is also therewith correspondingly
It increases or reduces.Amplitude is adjustable in the micron-scale, preferably 5 ~ 20 microns adjustings；Exciting force can in 1500N to the section 2000N
It adjusts.
Workpiece axial direction fixation kit is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, for consolidating the progress of the workpiece to deep hole machining position
It is fixed.Workpiece axial direction fixation kit preferably includes V-type frame and the clamping press plate for being detachably arranged at V-type top of the trellis.Certainly it is used as and replaces
It changes, or other structures in the prior art.
Twist cell is used to making the workpiece to deep hole machining to carry out the unidirectional or period back and forth reversing, when workpiece axial restraint group
After part and ginseng vibration body are removed, twist cell can be detachably connected with ginseng vibration body.
Twist cell includes unidirectional torsion component, the period back and forth reverses component and workpiece reverses clamp assemblies.
Workpiece torsion clamp assemblies include the tapered roller bearing support 251 and scroll chuck 23 of coaxial arrangement.
Tapered roller bearing support is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, is preferably equipped with a pair in tapered roller bearing support
Taper roller thrust bearing 25, and carries out screw locking at its both ends with a pair of of flange, by workpiece and ginseng shake body it is affixed be one
A entirety.Not only it had given axial force transmission to ginseng vibration body, but also has effectively eliminated end-play to processing bring adverse effect.
To the workpiece of deep hole machining, abbreviation workpiece 40, including processing end and driving end.
The processing end of workpiece to deep hole machining is fixedly connected with scroll chuck, the middle part installation of the workpiece to deep hole machining
In taper roller thrust bearing.Workpiece can transmit torque and movement, and scroll chuck is driven to reverse together.
Unidirectional torsion component includes servo motor 1 and speed reducer one, the inputting shaft and servo motor one of speed reducer one
Motor output shaft be connected, the output shaft of speed reducer one and the driving end of the workpiece to deep hole machining are detachably connected.
It includes two speed reducers 212, two 213, two, shaft coupling of servo motor 211, two that period, which back and forth reverses component,
Drive shaft 214 and link mechanism 22.
Two servo motors are coaxial and are oppositely arranged, and servo motor is inputted as power, and specified input speed is in 3000r/
min。
The motor output shaft of each servo motor is connected with the inputting shaft of speed reducer, and the output shaft of speed reducer passes through
Shaft coupling connects a drive shaft.Speed reducer is to be connected to reduce output revolving speed and increase output torque using cohesion device
Servo motor force-output shaft and planetary reducer inputting shaft are connect, then is tightened by bolts connecting flange, the reduction ratio (input speed of selection
With the ratio of output revolving speed) it is preferably 10, output torque is effectively promoted to 20~30Nm by this；Shaft coupling couples speed reducer
Output shaft and drive shaft are allowed to rotate jointly and transmit torque, play buffering, damping and the work for improving shafting dynamic property
With；Driveshaft end is preferably spline structure, being capable of effective transmitting large torque.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, link mechanism includes two short crank 221, two root long cranks 222 and shrinking connecting-rod.
One end of two short cranks is connected with corresponding drive shaft respectively, is preferably coupled by spline；Two short cranks
The other end be hinged respectively with the top of shrinking connecting-rod；It is mutually cut with scissors with the bottom end of shrinking connecting-rod respectively one end of two long cranks
It connects, driving end of the other end of two long cranks respectively with the workpiece to deep hole machining is detachably connected.
The length of shrinking connecting-rod can be adjusted, to change the reciprocation amplitude of long crank, can change workpiece
Reciprocal torsional amplitude.
Shrinking connecting-rod preferably includes screw shell 224, upper threaded rod 223 and lower threaded rod 225；Inner cavity at the top of screw shell
With the hand of spiral in the inner cavity of bottom on the contrary, the top of upper threaded rod is hinged with two short cranks, the bottom of upper threaded rod with
The top thread in inner cavity of screw shell cooperates；The top of lower threaded rod and the bottom thread in inner cavity of screw shell cooperate, lower screw thread
The bottom end of bar is hinged with two long cranks.
When only need to unidirectionally reverse, the combination of servo motor one and speed reducer one is directly added i.e. in the driving end of workpiece
Can, there is no need to link mechanisms；Scroll chuck preferably passes through screw thread and couples with workpiece, works more reliable.
Amplitude real-time measurement display unit is for being measured in real time and showing to the axial amplitude of axial excitation unit.Vibration
Width real-time measurement display unit preferably includes piezoelectric accelerometer and display element.Piezoelectric accelerometer is preferably provided at ginseng vibration machine
On body.
Piezoelectric accelerometer working principle: certain crystal in a certain direction stress deformation when, inside can generate polarization
Phenomenon, while the opposite charge of symbol is generated on its two surfaces；After external force removal, it is restored to not charged shape again
State, this phenomenon are known as " piezoelectric effect ".Piezoelectric accelerometer utilizes the piezoelectric effect of Cucumber such as quartz crystal, is adding
When speedometer is vibrated, mass block adds power on the piezoelectric element also to change therewith.Its electric signal generated passes through charge amplifier
Deng a series of processing of circuit, the final real-time display on the display component.When the displacement of body vibration is stablized
Just it is unlikely to cause drill gun damaged, therefore designs the device of one, the device measurement amplitude on body, amplitude can be measured in real time
Numerical value.After amplitude stability, then feed drill gun cutting.
Body vibration absorption unit includes damping spring, spring-damper and limiting device.
Spring-damper setting is between ginseng vibration body and installation pedestal.Because vibrating motor is in terms of mechanically and electrically magnetic
It is insufficient or it is unstable can generate additional vibration, in order to reduce the influence of these factors, so this is economical using yielding rubber
Effective method.
Servo motor and servo motor one are preferably connected by servo motor bracket with ginseng vibration body, and damping spring is set
It sets between servo motor bracket and ginseng vibration body., to weaken the impact of axial vibration bring.The motion profile of shake table is
It is linear, therefore its vibration that vertical direction will not be generated to lathe, it need to only weaken shake table to the vibration of lathe axial direction i.e.
It can.Shake table is connect with installation pedestal by line slide rail, and axial sliding may be implemented.But machine tooling platform and vibration
Dynamic platform installation pedestal is to be connected by bolt solidity, therefore the impact that axial vibration generates can be transmitted on processing platform, is increased
The unstability of system of processing is added.In consideration of it, installing damping spring damper additional between installation pedestal and shake table, weaken axis
To vibration bring impact.
The both ends of installation pedestal are arranged in limiting device, limit for the displacement that slides axially to ginseng vibration body.Limit
Position device is the generation of the impact in order to effectively prevent between workpiece and drill bit, and both ends are equipped with limiting device, limit in installation pedestal
The attainable maximum displacement of shake table institute processed.In this way, process start when it is primary to knife after, next process
In, the movement of shake table can be considered displacement stable reciprocating motion identical with drill gun direction of feed, ensure that process
Stablize.
In the application, overall structure be it is symmetrical about center, this for guarantee vibration processes stablize it is critically important.
Twist cell there are two types of forms of motion,Servo motor+speed reducer+unidirectional the torsion of shaft coupling+transmission shaft；It watches
Taking motor+speed reducer+shaft coupling+drive shaft+link mechanism+transmission shaft period back and forth reverses.
When installation, the mass center of two vibrating motors will be overlapped as far as possible with the mass center of ginseng vibration body, and need auxiliary circuit pair
It is interlocked, fully synchronized when making its operating, eliminates the influence of the vibration component other than direction of vibration.
The present invention has incorporated modular thought, saves axial excitation module, when removing torsion modulus, can change V-type
Block clamping bar work carries out pure axial vibration, can also add device for measuring force.
Workpiece and torsional excitation device realize the axial vibration and torsion of workpiece with being mounted on exciting frame.Axial vibration
Width is adjusted in the micron-scale, is able to bear the axial impact loading more than 2000N, is not in stuck or shape that noise is too big
Condition.It is compact-sized, design object be can load length 300mm to 400mm, diameter 20mm to 30mm workpiece.It can be with
It effectively helps to reduce cutting force, reduces cutting heat, raising workpiece surface quality and machining accuracy, optimization chip processing, extends knife
Has service life, the stability of enhancing processing, raising production efficiency.
A kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation test method, by deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision
In modular assembly be adjusted, to realize that axial excitation, one-way shaft turn round complex excitation and reciprocal axis and turn round three kinds of complex excitation
Vibration mode.
During deep hole machining, to the difference of the drilling quality requirement of deep hole linear degree or axis deviation, four are realized
Switching between kind drilling motion mode.
Four kinds of drilling motion modes respectively include:
Motion mode one, workpiece rotation, cutter make feed motion；Since workpiece is when processed, aperture is always turned to
The centre of gyration of main shaft, so hole can obtain higher axial straightness, if the rotation center of workpiece belong to cutter it is coaxial
Degree, the inner hole processed possess very high straightness and circularity.
Motion mode two, workpiece are motionless, and feed motion is done in cutter rotation again；The shortcomings that cutter swivel feeding, is: knife bar
Rigidity is low, deviates projected route when cutting cutter for some reason, it will continue to deflection go down and can not be voluntarily
It corrects；Knife bar itself bending or clamping not just etc. due to, be also easy to produce vibration and increase the roughness in hole, but cutter revolves
Rotate into mode can process almost all of deep-hole parts, so using this processing method process it is extremely widespread.
Motion mode three, workpiece rotation, cutter make opposite direction rotation and feed motion；Take workpiece rotation cutter reversed
Swivel feeding mode.Its benefit is to be off slightly from axis of workpiece when cutter cuts workpiece, due to workpiece rotation, initially
There was only diminution (when cutting edge, which cuts workpiece and guide pad, not yet to be entered) diametrically or expand (when guide pad is opened in the hole drilled out
When beginning to enter), as long as the gap between drill bushing and cutter is little, even if drill bushing has certain bias, the inclined of hole will not be caused
Tiltedly.It can make tilt quantity minimumization that wander off, thus the deep hole processed can obtain higher concentricity and straightness.
Motion mode four, workpiece do rotation and feed motion.
Wherein, the test method of axial excitation, includes the following steps.
Step 11, exciter test device assembles: axial excitation unit is installed with machining tool；It then, will be to depth
The workpiece of hole machined is fixed on workpiece axial direction fixation kit.
Step 12, two vibrating motors first vibrating motor parameter setting: are realized into synchronously control by interlocking；Then, root
According to the amplitude and exciting force of setting, the angle between two pieces of weighting blocks is adjusted；Meanwhile the vibration of vibrating motor is set by frequency converter
Dynamic frequency is in 20 ~ 50Hz and revolving speed.
Step 13, axial excitation: vibrating motor synchronous averaging, workpiece and ginseng vibration body synchronous vibration.
Step 14, axial amplitude measure: amplitude real-time measurement display unit to workpiece and ginseng vibration body axial amplitude into
Row test, when the fluctuation range of the axial amplitude of test meets sets requirement, records axial amplitude at this time.
Step 15, axial amplitude adjusts: the axial amplitude that step 14 records is compared with the amplitude set in step 12
Compared with when the two is inconsistent, the angle between two pieces of weighting blocks being adjusted again, and repeat step 13 to step 14, until record
Axial amplitude it is consistent with the amplitude of setting.
Step 16, deep hole machining: axial amplitude adjustment after the completion of, using drill bit to clamping on workpiece axial direction fixation kit
Workpiece carry out deep hole machining test.
Step 17, the deep hole machining of different vibration frequencies is tested under same axial amplitude: in step 12, being passed through and is changed change
The frequency of frequency device repeats step 13 to step 16, realizes the deep hole machining test of different frequency under same axial amplitude.
Step 18, the deep hole machining test under various amplitude and exciting force: in step 12, by changing two pieces of weighting blocks
Between angle, repeat step 13 to step 17, realize the deep hole machining test under axially different amplitude and exciting force.
One-way shaft turns round the test method of complex excitation, includes the following steps.
Step 21, exciter test device assemble: by the workpiece axial direction fixation kit in axial excitation unit carry out remove or
Link mechanism in reciprocal torsion component is removed；Then, component and workpiece torsion clamp assemblies and ginseng will unidirectionally be reversed
Vibration body is detachably connected, and the workpiece to deep hole machining is fixed on workpiece torsion clamp assemblies；The driving end of workpiece with
The output shaft of speed reducer one is connected in unidirectional torsion component.
Step 22, one parameter setting of vibrating motor and servo motor: the setting method of vibrating motor parameter is the same as step 12；It watches
It takes motor one and initial speed is set.
Step 23, one-way shaft turns round complex excitation: servo motor one and the equal synchronous averaging of vibrating motor, workpiece and ginseng vibration body
Synchronous vibration；Meanwhile workpiece and scroll chuck carry out unidirectional twist motion.
Step 24, axial amplitude measure: amplitude real-time measurement display unit to workpiece and ginseng vibration body axial amplitude into
Row test, when the fluctuation range of the axial amplitude of test meets sets requirement, records axial amplitude at this time.
Step 25, axial amplitude adjusts: the axial amplitude that step 24 records is compared with the amplitude set in step 22
Compared with when the two is inconsistent, the angle between two pieces of weighting blocks being adjusted again, and repeat step 23 to step 24, until record
Axial amplitude it is consistent with the amplitude of setting.
Step 26, deep hole machining: after the completion of axial amplitude adjustment, clamping is reversed on clamp assemblies in workpiece using drill bit
Workpiece carry out deep hole machining test.
Step 27, the deep hole machining of different vibration frequencies is tested under same axial amplitude: in step 22, being passed through and is changed change
The frequency of frequency device repeats step 23 to step 26, realizes the deep hole machining test of different frequency under same axial amplitude.
Step 28, the deep hole machining test under same axial amplitude when different rotating speeds: in step 22, change servo motor
One revolving speed repeats step 23 to step 27, realizes deep hole machining test when different rotating speeds under same axial amplitude.
Step 29, the deep hole machining test under various amplitude and exciting force: in step 22, by changing two pieces of weighting blocks
Between angle, repeat step 23 to step 28, realize the deep hole machining test under axially different amplitude and exciting force.
Reciprocal axis turns round the test method of complex excitation, includes the following steps.
Step 31, exciter test device assemble: by the workpiece axial direction fixation kit in axial excitation unit carry out remove or
Unidirectional torsion component remove or unidirectionally reverse the connection of module cancels and workpiece driving end；It then, will reciprocal torsion group
Part and workpiece torsion clamp assemblies are detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, and the workpiece to deep hole machining is fixed on workpiece torsion folder
It holds on component；The driving end of workpiece is connected with the long crank in link mechanism.
Step 32, vibrating motor, servo motor and shrinking connecting-rod parameter setting: the setting method of vibrating motor parameter is synchronous
Rapid 12；Initial speed is arranged in servo motor；Shrinking connecting-rod is adjusted to setting length.
Step 33, reciprocal axis turns round complex excitation: servo motor and the equal synchronous averaging of vibrating motor, and workpiece and ginseng vibration body are same
Step vibration；Meanwhile workpiece and scroll chuck carry out reciprocal twist motion.
Step 34, axial amplitude measure: amplitude real-time measurement display unit to workpiece and ginseng vibration body axial amplitude into
Row test, when the fluctuation range of the axial amplitude of test meets sets requirement, records axial amplitude at this time.
Step 35, axial amplitude adjusts: the axial amplitude that step 34 records is compared with the amplitude set in step 32
Compared with when the two is inconsistent, the angle between two pieces of weighting blocks being adjusted again, and repeat step 33 to step 34, until record
Axial amplitude it is consistent with the amplitude of setting.
Step 36, deep hole machining: after the completion of axial amplitude adjustment, clamping is reversed on clamp assemblies in workpiece using drill bit
Workpiece carry out deep hole machining test.
Step 37, the deep hole machining of different vibration frequencies is tested under same axial amplitude: in the step 32, being passed through and is changed change
The frequency of frequency device repeats step 33 to step 36, realizes the deep hole machining test of different frequency under same axial amplitude.
Step 28, the deep hole machining test under same axial amplitude when different torsional amplitudes: in the step 32, change flexible
The collapsing length of connecting rod repeats step 33 to step 37, realizes deep hole machining when different torsional amplitudes under same axial amplitude
Test.
Step 39, the deep hole machining test under various amplitude and exciting force: in step 22, by changing two pieces of weighting blocks
Between angle, repeat step 33 to step 38, realize the deep hole machining test under axially different amplitude and exciting force.
The present invention is only for deep hole gun drill drilling.In actual processing, since drill gun major diameter is bigger, drilling rod rigidity compared with
Low, in deep hole gun drill drilling system, drill gun is from experience elasticity factor and process damping effect, and the decaying of drilling rod amplitude is serious, no
It can effectively realize target, therefore this design alternative exciting workpiece realizes that carrying out vibration drilling can effectively reduce amplitude decaying width
Degree.
The present invention can not only complete the pattern switching of vibration drilling, can also complete the switching of motion mode, Ke Yigen
Drilling motion mode is selected according to the emphasis difference of the drillings quality such as straightness, axis deviation.Meanwhile the switching of motion mode is beaten
Limitation of the existing lathe to specific process conditions are implemented has been broken, the scope of application has been expanded.For example, external condition similar to when, rifle
The diameter of brill is smaller, needed for revolving speed grade it is higher.If mutually reversion can obtain higher number of speeds simultaneously for application, because
And the guarantee of revolving speed is provided when to process using drill gun.
It takes which kind of drilling motion mode the most reasonable, depends primarily on planform, the size and weight of workpiece, without
It is to consider first from the mismachining tolerance size of different processing methods generation.To improve processing quality as far as possible, this secondary design is mentioned
The processing method by vibration drilling more than in conjunction with several motion modes is gone out.Namely to three kinds of vibration modes of vibration drilling with
And four kinds of processing methods of drilling have carried out Integrated design, which has expanded the machine tooling scope of application, has expanded mechanical add
The operating space of work technique.
In drill gun drilling processing, pierce, drilling and to drill out the drilling mechanism in these three stages completely different, while four kinds
The emphasis that drilling motion mode influences drilling quality is different, therefore the changing rule of the drilling quality for these three stages
Adjustment drilling motion mode appropriate is selected or by adjusting drilling parameter, to realize guaranteeing both quality and quantity for drilling processing.
Now to pierce, drilling and drill out three section axial vibration drillings and workpiece rotation, cutter are reversely rotated and fed
For movement.Under the premise of normal axial vibration drilling, the parameters such as amplitude, vibration frequency, tool feeding, back engagement of the cutting edge are protected
It holds constant.(1) if drill gun maximum speed of spindle is greater than cutting rotational speeds and reduces drill gun revolving speed, then actively when starting lathe with work
Part reversely rotates revolving speed and is overlapped, and guarantees that actual cut revolving speed is constant with this.(2) if the drill gun speed of mainshaft is less than required cutting
Revolving speed, by the speed of mainshaft and workpiece reverse speed reasonable distribution, meets actual cut revolving speed need under the premise of safe drilling with this
It asks.(drill gun revolving speed and workpiece rotational frequency size should be as equal as possible).Above-mentioned processing method not only ensure that the superior of vibration drilling
Property, while the straightness of vibration drilling is also improved, reduce deep hole axis deviation.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail a variety of equivalents can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, this
A little equivalents all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of deep hole machine spindle-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: including axial excitation unit, twist cell
With amplitude real-time measurement display unit；
Axial excitation unit, for making the workpiece to deep hole machining carry out axial vibration；Axial excitation unit includes frequency converter, vibration
Dynamic motor, ginseng vibration body and workpiece axial direction fixation kit；The quantity of vibrating motor is two, is symmetricly set on the two of ginseng vibration body
The mass center of side, the mass center and ginseng vibration body of two vibrating motors coincides；Ginseng vibration organism bottom and the sliding of installation pedestal level connect
It connects, installation pedestal is fixed on machining tool；
Two vibrating motor energy synchronous vibrations, each vibrating motor are all connected with a frequency converter；The motor shaft of each vibrating motor
The weighting block that two angles are adjustable respectively is arranged in both ends；
Workpiece axial direction fixation kit is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, for fixing the progress of the workpiece to deep hole machining position；
Twist cell is used to making the workpiece to deep hole machining to carry out the unidirectional or period back and forth reversing, when workpiece axial direction fixation kit with
After ginseng vibration body is removed, twist cell can be detachably connected with ginseng vibration body；
Twist cell includes unidirectional torsion component, the period back and forth reverses component and workpiece reverses clamp assemblies；
Workpiece torsion clamp assemblies include the tapered roller bearing support and scroll chuck of coaxial arrangement；Tapered roller bearing support
It is detachably connected with ginseng vibration body, taper roller thrust bearing is installed in tapered roller bearing support, the work to deep hole machining
The processing end of part is fixedly connected with scroll chuck, to be mounted in taper roller thrust bearing in the middle part of the workpiece of deep hole machining；
Unidirectional torsion component includes servo motor one and speed reducer one, and the motor of the inputting shaft and servo motor one of speed reducer one is defeated
Shaft is connected, and the output shaft of speed reducer one and the driving end of the workpiece to deep hole machining are detachably connected；
It includes two servo motors, two speed reducers, two drive shafts and link mechanism that period, which back and forth reverses component,；Two servos
It motor coaxle and is oppositely arranged, the motor output shaft of each servo motor is connected with the inputting shaft of speed reducer, speed reducer
Output shaft connects a drive shaft by shaft coupling；Link mechanism includes two short cranks, two root long cranks and shrinking connecting-rod；
One end of two short cranks is connected with corresponding drive shaft respectively, the other end of two short cranks respectively with shrinking connecting-rod
Top be hinged；One end of two long cranks is hinged with the bottom end of shrinking connecting-rod respectively, the other end point of two long cranks
Driving end not with the workpiece to deep hole machining is detachably connected；
Amplitude real-time measurement display unit is for being measured in real time and showing to the axial amplitude of axial excitation unit.
2. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 1-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: shrinking connecting-rod packet
Include screw shell, upper threaded rod and lower threaded rod；Hand of spiral at the top of screw shell in inner cavity and bottom inner cavity is on the contrary, upper spiral shell
The top of rasp bar is hinged with two short cranks, and the bottom of upper threaded rod and the top thread in inner cavity of screw shell cooperate；Lower spiral shell
The top of rasp bar and the bottom thread in inner cavity of screw shell cooperate, and the bottom end of lower threaded rod is hinged with two long cranks.
3. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 1 or 2-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: amplitude is real-time
Measuring display unit includes piezoelectric accelerometer and display element.
4. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 3-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: piezoelectric acceleration
Meter setting is on ginseng vibration body.
5. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 1-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: further include body
Vibration absorption unit, body vibration absorption unit include spring-damper, and spring-damper setting is between ginseng vibration body and installation pedestal.
6. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 5-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: body damping list
Member further includes damping spring, and servo motor and servo motor one are connected by servo motor bracket with ginseng vibration body, damping
Spring setting is between servo motor bracket and ginseng vibration body.
7. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 5 or 6-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: body damping
Unit further includes limiting device, and the both ends of installation pedestal are arranged in limiting device, for the displacement that slides axially to ginseng vibration body
It is limited.
8. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 1-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: workpiece is axially solid
Determining component includes V-type frame and the clamping press plate for being detachably arranged at V-type top of the trellis.
9. deep hole machine spindle according to claim 1-torsion complex excitation experimental provision, it is characterised in that: vibrating motor
Vibration frequency can continuously adjust in 20 ~ 50Hz, and the amplitude of vibrating motor is adjusted between 5 ~ 20 microns, the exciting of vibrating motor
Power is 1500 to adjusting interior between 2000N.
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