CN109046186B - Catalyst fluidization unit and fluidized bed catalytic reactor - Google Patents
Catalyst fluidization unit and fluidized bed catalytic reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109046186B CN109046186B CN201810877920.XA CN201810877920A CN109046186B CN 109046186 B CN109046186 B CN 109046186B CN 201810877920 A CN201810877920 A CN 201810877920A CN 109046186 B CN109046186 B CN 109046186B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
Abstract
The invention discloses a catalyst fluidization unit and a fluidized bed catalytic reactor, relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, and aims to improve the fluidization uniformity of a catalyst. The catalyst fluidization unit comprises a shell, wherein an accommodating cavity with an inverted cone structure is arranged in the shell, vent holes communicated with the accommodating cavity are formed in the top and the bottom of the shell, and the aperture of each vent hole positioned at the top of the shell is larger than that of each vent hole positioned at the bottom of the shell; a gas distribution structure disposed within the containment chamber. The catalyst fluidization unit and the fluidized bed catalytic reactor are used for improving the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, in particular to a catalyst fluidization unit and a fluidized bed catalytic reactor.
Background
The traditional gas phase catalytic reactor is filled with a catalyst, and raw material gas is subjected to catalytic reaction to generate a product under the action of the catalyst, wherein the filling modes of the catalyst are two, namely fixed bed filling and fluidized bed filling.
The main defects of catalyst filling of a fluidized bed at present are that the fluidization of the catalyst in the fluidized bed is not uniform, the catalyst accumulation is easy to occur at the corners of the fluidized bed, dead zones are generated, the horizontal section flow velocity of a fluidized space is not uniform, the yield of a target product is reduced, particularly, when the gas phase flow is small, reactants pass through the bed in a bubble mode, the contact chance between gas and solid phases is reduced, the reaction conversion rate is reduced, finally, part of the catalyst is ineffective or low-efficiency, the integral efficiency of the catalyst is reduced, when the scale of a traditional fluidized bed catalyst reactor is enlarged, a larger catalyst accumulation area and the non-uniform degree of fluidization are generated, an amplification effect is generated, the complex hydromechanics and transfer phenomena in the bed are generated, the process is in an abnormal condition, the unified rule is difficult to reveal, the experience enlargement and the experience operation, and the traditional fluidized bed catalyst reactor is difficult to realize multi-stage design, so that the one-way reaction degree of the raw material gas is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a catalyst fluidization unit and a fluidized bed catalytic reactor, and mainly aims to eliminate the dead zone phenomenon caused by catalyst accumulation, improve the fluidization uniformity of a catalyst and eliminate the amplification effect of the fluidized bed catalytic reactor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a catalyst fluidization unit, comprising:
the air vent structure comprises a shell, wherein an accommodating cavity with an inverted cone structure is formed in the shell, vent holes communicated with the accommodating cavity are formed in the top and the bottom of the shell, and the aperture of the vent hole positioned in the top of the shell is larger than that of the vent hole positioned in the bottom of the shell;
a gas distribution structure disposed within the containment chamber.
According to the catalyst fluidization unit provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dispersed gas enters the containing cavity through the gas distribution structure, the gas entering the containing cavity blows the catalyst to flow upwards, and the containing cavity is of the inverted cone structure, so that the gas velocity is reduced in the rising process of the gas, the catalyst cannot be blown by the gas to fall, the catalyst in the falling process is continuously blown by the rising gas, the catalyst is in a continuous turbulent motion state, and the fluidization uniformity of the catalyst is improved.
Optionally, the gas distribution structure comprises: the air lifting pipe is communicated with the air vent at the bottom of the shell, an air cap is arranged on the air lifting pipe, and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the air cap and the outer wall of the air lifting pipe to form an air passage.
Optionally, a gap is provided between the top of the gas cap and the upper end of the draft tube.
Optionally, the top of the housing is higher than the lower end of the gas cap.
Optionally, the gas cap is arranged on the gas lift pipe through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is arranged between the inner wall of the gas cap and the outer wall of the gas lift pipe.
Optionally, the gas distribution structure includes a gas distribution plate, and a plurality of gas holes are formed in the gas distribution plate.
Optionally, the housing is of an inverted conical structure or an inverted pyramidal structure.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fluidized bed catalytic reactor, including:
a reaction shell, wherein the bottom of the reaction shell is provided with a raw material gas inlet, and the top of the reaction shell is provided with a product outlet;
at least one stage of fluidized bed internals disposed within the reaction shell, wherein the fluidized bed internals comprise: the catalyst fluidization units are positioned at the same height of the reaction shell, and two adjacent catalyst fluidization units are connected in a sealing manner.
According to the fluidized bed catalytic reactor provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the plurality of catalyst fluidization units arranged at the same height of the reaction shell, not only can the gas in the rising process be uniformly distributed, and the effect of a gas distribution plate is achieved, but also the fluidization uniformity of the catalyst can be improved, and the advantages of violent gas phase flow, small temperature difference of a catalyst bed layer in a fluidization area and small gas concentration difference are kept.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a catalyst fluidization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another catalyst fluidization unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluidized-bed catalytic reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-catalyst fluidization unit with voids therebetween according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of three catalyst fluidization units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The catalyst fluidization unit and the fluidized-bed catalytic reactor according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "upper", "lower", and "upper" are used herein,
The directional or positional relationships "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are indicative of those directions or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a catalyst fluidization unit, and referring to fig. 1 to 4, the catalyst fluidization unit 2 includes:
the air inlet device comprises a shell, wherein an accommodating cavity 203 with an inverted cone structure is formed in the shell, vent holes communicated with the accommodating cavity are formed in the top and the bottom of the shell, and the aperture of the vent hole positioned at the top of the shell is larger than that of the vent hole positioned at the bottom of the shell; a gas distribution structure disposed within the containment chamber.
Illustratively, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the vent holes 205 at the top of the housing are communicated with the accommodating chamber 203, the vent holes 204 at the bottom of the housing are also communicated with the accommodating chamber 203, and the gas distribution structure is located between the vent holes 205 and the vent holes 204, i.e. the raw material gas enters the accommodating chamber 203 through the vent holes 204 at the bottom of the housing, and then the raw material gas uniformly distributed in the accommodating chamber 203 is in contact with the catalyst in the accommodating chamber 203 through the uniform distribution of the gas by the gas distribution structure, and reacts to generate the required product under the action of the catalyst.
Specifically, granular catalyst 5 is placed in the containing cavity 203, gas passes through the vent holes 204 and then is distributed in the containing cavity 203 through the gas distribution structure, the gas continuously rises along the containing cavity 203 to blow the granular catalyst 5 in a loose pile and reacts under the action of the catalyst to generate a required product, the gas flow is increased in the rising process and the gas speed is reduced, so that the catalyst cannot be continuously blown by the gas flow and falls, the catalyst in the falling process continuously flows upwards under the action of the rising gas flow, so that the catalyst is continuously turbulent in the space to form a catalyst fluidized bed, the catalyst fluidized bed can ensure that the catalyst is uniformly fluidized, the fluidizing speed is uniform, and the phenomenon of dead zones caused by catalyst accumulation can be avoided in a single catalyst fluidizing unit.
The structure of the housing is various, and the following is described by embodiments:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the housing includes a side plate 202 and a bottom plate 201, the bottom plate 201 is a circular plate, a circular inner ring forms a vent 204, the side plate 202 encloses and establishes an inverted cone structure, and then forms an accommodating cavity 203 of the inverted cone structure, an outer ring of the circular plate is connected with the inverted cone, the side plate 202 encloses and establishes an upper port of the inverted cone structure to form a vent 205, and the housing can be processed and manufactured by an arc plate and a circular plate.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the housing includes a plurality of side plates 202 and a bottom plate 201, the number of the side plates 202 is multiple, the side plates 202 are sequentially spliced to form an inverted pyramid-shaped structure, so as to form an accommodating cavity 203 of the inverted pyramid-shaped structure, the side plates 202 enclose an upper port of the inverted pyramid-shaped structure to form a vent 205, optionally, the number of the side plates 202 is four, and the side plates 202 are all of a quadrilateral structure, for example, the side plates 202 are isosceles trapezoids; the bottom plate 201 is polygonal, and holes are formed in the bottom plate 201, and form the vent holes 204, when the number of the side plates 202 is four, the bottom plate 201 is correspondingly quadrangular.
For example, the side plate 202 and the bottom plate 201 may be made of the same material or different materials, and are selected from metal or polymer materials.
The structure of the gas distribution structure is various, and the following is described by way of embodiments:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the gas distribution structure includes: the gas lift pipe 206 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 203 and is communicated with the vent hole 204 at the bottom of the shell, a gas cap 207 is arranged on the gas lift pipe 206, and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the gas cap 207 and the outer wall of the gas lift pipe 206 to form an air passage. In specific implementation, the raw material gas sequentially passes through the vent holes 204 and the riser 206 at the bottom of the shell to ascend, the gas cap 207 blocks the downward flow of the gas in the ascending process, the gas flow passes through the gas channel and is blocked by the bottom plate 201 again to flow upwards to blow the catalyst 5, so that the catalyst is in a fluidized state, a product is generated under the action of the catalyst, and the generated product is discharged through the vent holes 205 at the top of the shell.
In order to make the raw gas in the process of rising uniformly distributed through the gas distribution structure and to improve the fluidization effect of the catalyst, the gas channel formed by the gap between the inner wall of the gas cap 207 and the outer wall of the gas lift tube 206 is a circular ring structure, which helps to improve the uniform distribution of the raw gas in the accommodating cavity 203.
When the raw gas enters the gas lift tube 206, in order to prevent the gas flow from deflecting back into the gas lift tube 206, a gap is formed between the top of the gas cap 207 and the upper end of the gas lift tube 206, and a phenomenon that most of the gas flow returns into the gas lift tube 206 and a small part of the gas flow enters the gas passage is avoided through the gap in order to avoid the phenomenon that a larger gas flow is blocked by the gas cap 207 and most of the gas flow returns into the gas lift tube 206. Optionally, the gap between the top of the gas cap 207 and the top of the gas lift tube 206 may be determined according to the gas flow, and if the gas flow is larger, a larger gap may be used, and conversely, if the gas flow is smaller, a smaller gap may be used.
In order to improve the fluidization effect of the catalyst and provide a larger space for the fluidization of the catalyst, the top of the shell is higher than the lower end of the gas cap.
Illustratively, the gas cap 207 is disposed on the gas lift tube 206 by a connector that is mounted between an inner wall of the gas cap 207 and an outer wall of the gas lift tube 206. Optionally, the number of the connecting members is multiple, and the multiple connecting members are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the air passage formed between the inner wall of the air cap and the outer wall of the draft tube, for example, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the connecting member is a rib plate 208.
Illustratively, the central axis of the gas cap 207 coincides with the central axis of the gas lift tube 206, which also improves the uniformity of the distribution of the feed gas and the uniformity of the fluidization velocity of the catalyst.
Illustratively, the radial dimension of the gas cap 207 is smaller than or equal to the radial dimension of the lower end of the housing, the radial dimension of the gas riser 206 is smaller than the radial dimension of the upper end of the housing, the radial dimension of the gas riser 206 is smaller than the radial dimension of the lower end of the housing, the aperture of the vent hole 205 at the top of the housing is larger than the aperture of the vent hole 204 at the bottom of the housing, for example, the aperture of the vent hole 204 at the bottom of the housing is 2-100mm, and the aperture of the vent hole 205 at the top of.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the gas distribution structure includes a gas distribution plate 209, and a plurality of gas holes are opened on the gas distribution plate 209, in specific implementation, the catalyst 4 is placed on the gas distribution plate 209, the raw gas sequentially passes through the gas holes 204 at the bottom of the housing and rises, and the gas holes on the gas distribution plate 209 divide the raw gas into a plurality of gas flows during rising, so that the raw gas is uniformly distributed in the accommodating cavity 203, the plurality of gas flows blow the catalyst 5 upwards to form a fluidized state, the raw gas generates a product under the action of the catalyst, and the generated product is discharged through the gas holes 205 at the top of the housing.
In order to prevent the catalyst 5 from falling down along the pores of the gas distribution plate 209, the pores of the gas distribution plate 209 are smaller in diameter than the particle diameter of the granular catalyst 5.
In order to avoid the phenomenon that the feed gas rises along the edge of the gas distribution plate 209 during the rising process to cause uneven gas distribution, the edge of the gas distribution plate 209 should be hermetically mounted on the inner wall of the housing.
In another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a fluidized-bed catalytic reactor, which includes, with reference to fig. 5:
a reaction shell 1, wherein the bottom of the reaction shell 1 is provided with a raw material gas inlet 101, and the top of the reaction shell 1 is provided with a product outlet 102;
at least one stage of fluidized bed internals disposed within the reaction shell 1, wherein the fluidized bed internals comprise: a plurality of catalyst fluidization units 2 as described above, wherein a plurality of catalyst fluidization units 2 are located at the same height of the reaction shell 1, and two adjacent catalyst fluidization units 2 are connected in a sealing manner.
The multiple catalyst fluidization units 2 installed at the same height of the reaction shell 1 form a first-stage fluidized bed inner member, specifically, multiple stages of fluidized bed inner members can be designed according to the specification and size of the fluidized bed catalytic reactor and the gas amount, and the multiple stages of fluidized bed inner members are arranged along the height direction of the reaction shell 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent poles and the number of the catalyst fluidization units 2 in any stage of fluidized bed inner member are determined according to actual requirements, so as to ensure that the fluidization effect of each stage of fluidized bed inner member is the same.
In specific implementation, each catalyst fluidization unit 2 in the reaction shell 1 is used as an independent fluidized bed, and the fluidization effect of the catalyst fluidization unit is not changed due to the increase of the scale of the fluidized bed catalytic reactor, so that the uniformity of the catalysis and fluidization effects of the catalyst is ensured, and the amplification effect is avoided, meanwhile, the plurality of catalyst fluidization units 2 in each stage of fluidized bed internals can uniformly distribute the gas in the rising process, so that the plurality of catalyst fluidization units 2 in each stage of fluidized bed internals have the function of a gas distributor, and a gas distributor is not required to be arranged at the position close to the raw material gas inlet 101 in the reaction shell 1, and the structure of the whole fluidized bed catalytic reactor is simplified.
In order to prevent the feed gas from passing through the gap between two adjacent catalyst fluidization units 2 during the rising process, and therefore, the plurality of catalyst fluidization units are connected in a sealing manner, referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, when the housing in the catalyst fluidization unit is in an inverted cone structure, i.e., in the catalyst fluidization unit, the inverted cone structure is adopted, the gap 7 is formed between the adjacent catalyst fluidization units 21, 22 and 23, and the peak structure 6 protruding upwards is arranged at the gap 7 (fig. 7 is that the peak structure 6 is arranged at the gap 7 of fig. 6), so that the technical effects achieved are that: firstly, preventing the feed gas from passing through the gaps; secondly, the fluidized catalyst can be smoothly dropped back into the catalyst fluidization unit 2 along the peak structures 6.
For example, when the housing of the catalyst fluidization unit is in a reverse pyramid structure, a plurality of catalyst fluidization units can be spliced to form a sealing connection, so that the phenomenon of void can be avoided.
Specifically, when the fluidized catalyst 5 moves upward, in order to prevent the catalyst from splashing, a filtering device is disposed above the catalyst fluidization unit 2, and the filtering device illustratively includes a screen 3, and the aperture of the screen 3 is smaller than the particle size of the catalyst 5, so that the splashed catalyst is blocked by the screen 3 and falls back into the catalyst fluidization unit 2.
Specifically, the feed gas can give off heat in the reaction process, in order to keep the temperature in the fluidized bed catalytic reactor constant, the fluidized bed internals further include a cooling device, the cooling device is disposed above the filtering device, for example, the cooling device includes a cooling pipe 4 that is coiled, both ends of the cooling pipe 4 extend to the outside of the reaction shell 1 respectively, and are a cooling liquid inlet 401 and a cooling liquid outlet 402 respectively, the cooling liquid inlet 401 is located at the lower side of the cooling liquid outlet 402, the ascending air current passes through the filter screen 3 and then contacts the cooling pipe 4 to be cooled, and the cooled air current continues to ascend to the catalyst fluidization unit 2 and the cooling pipe 4 above, and then continues to react and cool.
Referring to fig. 5, the lower portion of the reaction shell 1 is supported by legs 103.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A fluidized bed catalytic reactor, comprising:
a reaction shell, wherein the bottom of the reaction shell is provided with a raw material gas inlet, and the top of the reaction shell is provided with a product outlet;
a fluidized bed internals disposed within the reaction shell, wherein the fluidized bed internals comprise: a plurality of catalyst fluidization units;
a plurality of catalyst fluidization units which are arranged at the same height of the reaction shell form a primary fluidized bed inner member, and two adjacent catalyst fluidization units are connected in a sealing manner;
the catalyst fluidization unit includes:
the air vent structure comprises a shell, wherein an accommodating cavity with an inverted cone structure is formed in the shell, vent holes communicated with the accommodating cavity are formed in the top and the bottom of the shell, and the aperture of the vent hole positioned in the top of the shell is larger than that of the vent hole positioned in the bottom of the shell;
a gas distribution structure, the gas distribution structure set up in hold the intracavity, the gas distribution structure includes: the air lifting pipe is communicated with the vent hole at the bottom of the shell and extends into the accommodating cavity, an air cap is arranged on the air lifting pipe, and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the air cap and the outer wall of the air lifting pipe to form an air passage; the top of the shell is higher than the lower end of the gas cap, and the catalyst is positioned in the accommodating cavity and outside the gas cap and the riser;
the fluidized bed internals have multiple stages, and the multiple stages are arranged along the height direction of the reaction shell.
2. The fluidized catalytic reactor of claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between the top of the gas cap and the upper end of the riser.
3. The fluidized catalytic reactor of claim 1, wherein the gas cap is disposed on the riser by a connector mounted between an inner wall of the gas cap and an outer wall of the riser.
4. The fluidized catalytic reactor of claim 1, wherein the housing is of an inverted conical configuration or an inverted pyramidal configuration.
5. The fluidized-bed catalytic reactor of claim 1, wherein the fluidized-bed internals further comprise: a filtration device located above the catalyst fluidization unit, and a cooling device located above the filtration device.
6. The fluidized catalytic reactor of claim 5, wherein the filter device comprises a screen having a mesh opening size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst.
7. The fluidized catalytic reactor of claim 5, wherein the cooling device comprises a coiled cooling tube, and both ends of the cooling tube extend out of the reaction shell.
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| CN201810877920.XA CN109046186B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Catalyst fluidization unit and fluidized bed catalytic reactor |
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| CN201810877920.XA CN109046186B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Catalyst fluidization unit and fluidized bed catalytic reactor |
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| CN110152402A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 江阴远洲矿山工程机械有限公司 | Fluidized bed filtering apparatus |
| KR102404282B1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2022-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Fluidized bed reactor |
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| EP2303448B1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-10-31 | MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. | Fluidized bed reactor systems and methods for reducing the deposition of silicon on reactor walls |
| CN102513037B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 清华大学 | Fluidized bed reactor for preparing methanol by synthesis gas and method |
| CN202643332U (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-02 | 青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司新能源分公司 | Gas distribution device for silicon chloride low-temperature hydrogenation fluidized bed |
| CN204100232U (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of anti-laying dust blast cap for CFBB |
| CN205550237U (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北兴瑞化工有限公司 | Organosilicon fluidized bed reactor gas distribution arrangement |
| CN206613469U (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-11-07 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of gas distribution grid |
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