CN109042643B - Fumigant for degrading aflatoxin and method for degrading aflatoxin by using fumigant - Google Patents
Fumigant for degrading aflatoxin and method for degrading aflatoxin by using fumigant Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042643B CN109042643B CN201810842984.6A CN201810842984A CN109042643B CN 109042643 B CN109042643 B CN 109042643B CN 201810842984 A CN201810842984 A CN 201810842984A CN 109042643 B CN109042643 B CN 109042643B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
- C11B9/0015—Aliphatic compounds containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/0026—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring
- C11B9/0034—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring the ring containing six carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/0061—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing a six-membered aromatic ring not condensed with another ring
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite plant essential oil fumigant and a method for degrading aflatoxin by using the same, and belongs to the technical field of harmful substance removal. The fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, a solvent and a stabilizer according to the weight ratio of 55-65: 31-40: 3-5; the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 45-60: 20-25: 15-20: 5-10. According to the invention, the solvent and the stabilizer are added into the plant essential oil, so that the plant essential oil can be fully and rapidly diffused into the sample containing aflatoxin, and the degradation rate of the aflatoxin can reach more than 80%; the addition amount of different plant fumigants and different fumigation temperatures also have influence on the degradation of aflatoxin; 4-6 g/kg of plant fumigant is added at 35-42 ℃, so that the effect of the plant fumigant can be exerted to the maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of removal of harmful substances, and particularly relates to a fumigant for degrading aflatoxin and a method for degrading aflatoxin by using the fumigant.
Background
Aflatoxins are the most toxic and carcinogenic natural contaminants found today. It not only causes great harm to the health of human beings and animals, but also brings huge economic loss. Aflatoxins not only contaminate corn, rice, etc. grain crops, but also contaminate peanuts, milk, cooking oil, etc.
At present, the method for degrading aflatoxin mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method; researches in recent years show that some active ingredients in the plant essential oil can inhibit the growth and toxin production of aspergillus flavus and have a degradation effect on aflatoxin; the existing method for fumigating and degrading aflatoxin by plant essential oil has the problems of long fumigating time, poor effect, single effect and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite plant essential oil fumigant and a method for degrading aflatoxin by using the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a plant essential oil for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to a weight ratio of 45-60: 20-25: 15-20: 5-10.
On the basis of the scheme, the plant essential oil for degrading the aflatoxin is formed by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
The plant essential oil is applied to the preparation of the fumigant for degrading aflatoxin.
A fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, a solvent and a stabilizer according to the weight ratio of 55-65: 31-40: 3-5;
the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 45-60: 20-25: 15-20: 5-10.
On the basis of the scheme, the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
On the basis of the scheme, the solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, glycol, propanol, glycerol, n-butanol and isobutanol.
On the basis of the scheme, the stabilizer is one or more of sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol.
The method for degrading the aflatoxin by using the fumigant comprises the step of mixing and fumigating the fumigant and a sample containing the aflatoxin according to the mass ratio of 0.1-6 g/kg.
On the basis of the scheme, the water content of the sample containing aflatoxin is 5-15%;
the fumigating temperature is 35-42 ℃;
the fumigating time is 5-8 days.
On the basis of the scheme, the sample containing the aflatoxin is a crop containing the aflatoxin and/or an agricultural product processed by the crop.
On the basis of the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: the aflatoxin is at least one of the following: aflatoxin B1Aflatoxins B2Aflatoxin G1Aflatoxin G2And aflatoxin M1。
The invention has the advantages of
The composite plant essential oil has a strong effect relative to a single plant essential oil, can effectively degrade aflatoxin, is added with a solvent and a stabilizer, and is beneficial to fully and rapidly diffusing the plant essential oil into a sample containing the aflatoxin, so that the degradation rate of the aflatoxin is up to more than 80%; the addition amount of different plant fumigants and different fumigation temperatures also have influence on the degradation of aflatoxin; 4-6 g/kg of plant fumigant is added at 35-42 ℃, so that the effect of the plant fumigant can be exerted to the maximum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of fumigant addition on aflatoxin degradation rate;
figure 2 effect of fumigation temperature on aflatoxin degradation rate.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
A fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, ethanol and mannitol at a weight ratio of 55: 40: 5;
the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 45: 25: 20: 10.
Example 2
A fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, ethanol, glycerol and sorbitol at a weight ratio of 60: 30: 7: 3;
the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
Example 3
A fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, isobutanol, sorbitol and xylitol according to the weight ratio of 65: 31: 2;
the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 60: 20: 15: 5.
First, fumigant effect test
The effect of the fumigant of the present invention on aflatoxin degradation is illustrated below by taking peanut meal as an example.
1.1 test grouping
1.1.1 the fumigant of example 1;
1.1.2 the fumigant of example 2;
1.1.3 the fumigant of example 3;
1.1.4 the essential oil of example 2;
1.1.5 example 2 fumigant without cinnamaldehyde;
1.1.6 example 2 fumigant without geraniol;
1.1.7 example 2 fumigant without perillaldehyde;
1.1.8 example 2 fumigant without vanillin;
1.1.9 cinnamic aldehyde control group;
1.1.10 blank control group.
1.2 design of the experiment
Detecting the water content of peanut meal polluted by aflatoxin by a water content tester to be 13%, and detecting the content of aflatoxin by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the chromatography conditions are as follows: the chromatographic column is Venusil MP C18(5 μm, 4.6 mm. times.150 mm); column temperature: 40 ℃; mobile phase: methanol-water (45: 55 by volume); the flow rate is 1.3 mL/min; post-column photochemical derivatization: 254nm for photochemical derivitizer; and (3) detection by a fluorescence detector: excitation wavelength 360nm, emission wavelength 450nm, the sample volume of 20 uL. Detecting aflatoxin B1The content was 54.37. mu.g/kg.
Dividing 30kg of the polluted peanut meal into 30 equal parts, wherein each part is 1 kg; the 30 equal parts into 10 groups, each group of 3 equal parts (3 equal parts for 3 parallel).
Adding 5g/kg of the fumigant of the embodiment 1-3 into the groups 1-3 respectively, and marking as the groups 1-3 respectively;
5 th to 8 th groups are respectively added with 5g/kg of 1.1.5 to 1.1.8 of fumigant and are respectively marked as reference groups 1 to 4;
adding 1.5g/kg of cinnamaldehyde into the group 9, and recording as a cinnamaldehyde group;
TABLE 1 determination of aflatoxin content in detoxified peanut meal samples
| Group of | Initial AFB1The content is mu g/kg | Detoxified AFB1The content is mu g/kg | The degradation rate% |
| EXAMPLE 1 group | 54.37 | 16.21 | 70.2 |
| EXAMPLE 2 group | 54.37 | 9.48 | 82.6 |
| EXAMPLE 3 group | 54.37 | 13.52 | 75.1 |
| Vegetable essential oil | 54.37 | 19.84 | 63.5 |
| |
54.37 | 35.77 | 34.2 |
| |
54.37 | 25.36 | 53.4 |
| Control group 3 | 54.37 | 28.65 | 47.3 |
| |
54.37 | 22.49 | 58.6 |
| Cinnamic aldehyde group | 54.37 | 31.83 | 41.5 |
| Blank control group | 54.37 | 58.72 | —— |
As can be seen from table 1, the fumigant of the present invention can effectively degrade aflatoxin in peanut meal, wherein the effect of the fumigant of example 2 group is the best; the plant essential oil without the solvent and the stabilizer has a slightly poor degradation effect on the aflatoxin, because the solvent and the stabilizer are favorable for the essential oil to diffuse into the peanut meal, so that the degradation effect of the aflatoxin is enhanced.
Secondly, degradation effect of different fumigation conditions on aflatoxin
2.1 Effect of Fumigant addition on Aflatoxin degradation
Taking 10kg of the peanut meal in the step 1.2, and averagely dividing the peanut meal into 10 equal parts, wherein each part is 1 kg; adding the fumigant of the embodiment 2 into 10 equal parts of peanut meal according to the proportion of 0.05g/kg, 0.1g/kg, 0.25g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg, 2.0g/kg, 4.0g/kg, 6.0g/kg, 8.0g/kg and 10.0g/kg respectively; putting the sample in a closed environment at 40 ℃, and fumigating for 6d to obtain detoxified peanut meal; detecting the content of aflatoxin in the detoxified peanut meal to obtain aflatoxin B in the peanut meal1The degradation rate of (c) was varied with the amount of fumigant added, as shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, aflatoxin B1The degradation rate of the fumigant is increased along with the increase of the addition amount of the fumigant, and from 4g/kg to the later, the aflatoxin B1The degradation rate of (2) is less increased along with the increase of the addition amount of the fumigant. Aflatoxin B1When the content is higher, the addition amount of the fumigant can be properly increased so as to achieve a better degradation effect.
2.2 Effect of different Fumigation temperatures on the degradation Effect of Aflatoxin
Taking 5kg of the peanut meal in the 1.2, and averagely dividing the peanut meal into 5 equal parts, wherein each part is 1 kg; adding 5g/kg of the fumigant of example 2 into the peanut meal, respectively, putting the sample in a closed environment, and fumigating at 18 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 42 deg.C for 6d to obtain detoxified peanut meal; detecting the content of aflatoxin in the detoxified peanut meal to obtain the peanut mealMiddle aflatoxin B1The degradation rate of (c) was varied with the amount of fumigant added, as shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, aflatoxin B1The degradation rate of the aflatoxin B is increased along with the rise of the fumigation temperature, and the aflatoxin B is at the temperature of between 35 and 42 DEG C1The degradation rate of (a) is less variable with the rise of the fumigation temperature.
Influence of different solvents on aspergillus flavus degradation effect of plant essential oil fumigant
Mixing the composite plant essential oil with 7 organic solvents respectively, wherein the addition amount of the organic solvent is 30%.
The composite plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
Taking the peanut meal in the step 1.2, and averagely dividing the peanut meal into 7 equal parts, wherein each part is 1 kg; respectively adding 5g/kg of the plant essential oil fumigant mixed with different solvents into the peanut meal, putting the sample in a closed environment, and fumigating at 35 ℃ for 6 days to obtain detoxified peanut meal; the content of aflatoxin in the detoxified peanut meal was detected, and the calculated degradation rate of aflatoxin is shown in table 2.
Table 2 effect of different solvents on aspergillus flavus degradation effect of plant essential oil fumigant
| Solvent(s) | Methanol | Ethanol | Ethylene glycol | Propanol(s) | Glycerol | N-butanol | Isobutanol |
| The degradation rate% | 29.18 | 66.51 | 35.92 | 40.77 | 67.73 | 42.15 | 58.34 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the composite plant essential oil has a good effect of degrading aflatoxin when ethanol, glycerol and isobutanol are used as solvents.
Fourth, the influence of different stabilizers on the aspergillus flavus degradation effect of the plant essential oil fumigant
Respectively mixing the composite plant essential oil with 3 stabilizers, wherein the addition amount of the stabilizer is 5%, and adding 35% of ethanol as a solvent to prepare the composite plant essential oil fumigant containing different stabilizers.
The composite plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
Taking the peanut meal in the step 1.2, and averagely dividing the peanut meal into 3 equal parts, wherein each part is 1 kg; respectively adding 5g/kg of the plant essential oil fumigant mixed with different solvents into the peanut meal, putting the sample in a closed environment, and fumigating at 35 ℃ for 6 days to obtain detoxified peanut meal; the content of aflatoxin in the detoxified peanut meal was detected and the calculated degradation rate of aflatoxin is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different solvents on Aspergillus flavus degradation Effect of plant essential oil fumigants
| Stabilizer | Mannitol | Sorbitol | Xylitol, its preparation method and use |
| The degradation rate% | 69.5 | 70.1 | 63.8 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the composite plant essential oil fumigant has a good effect of degrading aflatoxin when sorbitol is used as a stabilizer.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fumigant for degrading aflatoxin is characterized in that: the plant essential oil stabilizer is prepared by mixing plant essential oil, a solvent and a stabilizer according to the weight ratio of 55-65: 31-40: 3-5;
the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 45-60: 20-25: 15-20: 5-10;
the solvent is one or more of ethanol, glycerol and isobutanol;
the stabilizer is one or more of sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol.
2. The fumigant for degrading aflatoxins of claim 1, which is: the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, perillaldehyde and vanillin according to the weight ratio of 50: 20: 10.
3. A method of degrading aflatoxins by use of a fumigant as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: mixing the fumigant and a sample containing aflatoxin according to a mass ratio of 0.1-6 g/kg for fumigation.
4. The method of degrading aflatoxins with a fumigant as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the water content of the sample containing aflatoxin is 5-15%;
the fumigating temperature is 35-42 ℃;
the fumigating time is 5-8 days.
5. The method of degrading aflatoxins with a fumigant as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the sample containing the aflatoxin is a crop containing the aflatoxin and/or an agricultural product processed by the crop.
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| CN109042643A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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