CN109040854A - A kind of stream connection dispatching method suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system - Google Patents
A kind of stream connection dispatching method suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109040854A CN109040854A CN201810904114.7A CN201810904114A CN109040854A CN 109040854 A CN109040854 A CN 109040854A CN 201810904114 A CN201810904114 A CN 201810904114A CN 109040854 A CN109040854 A CN 109040854A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2385—Channel allocation; Bandwidth allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/84—Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/858—Linking data to content, e.g. by linking an URL to a video object, by creating a hotspot
- H04N21/8586—Linking data to content, e.g. by linking an URL to a video object, by creating a hotspot by using a URL
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of streams suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system to connect dispatching method, generates media description file according to media content, stream connection is established between streaming media clients and streaming media server, carry out pre-download to media description file；Each stream connection is sliced according to bit rate caching media content corresponding with network throughput, its data transmission performance is assessed according to the data transmission scenarios of each stream connection, stream connection scheduling is carried out according to different stability states, the performance boost of assessment stream scheduling, chooses whether to carry out stream recovery operation according to assessment result.The present invention can both assess the quality of scheduling strategy, and the variation for also coping with Network status for system provides reference, will not lose multiserver to stream media system bring robustness and high fault-tolerant ability while simplifying connection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the dynamic self-adapting streaming media fields based on http protocol, and in particular to a kind of server from
It adapts to stream media system stream and connects dispatching algorithm.
Background technique
It with the development of internet, with Online Video, network direct broadcasting etc. is especially the emerging internet service of representative
Development, demand of the streaming media service to bandwidth are increasingly becoming the major demands of Internet bandwidth.Stream media technology is gradually from tradition
Connection oriented protocol develop to the stateless adaptive stream media agreement based on HTTP.This Streaming Media based on http protocol
Scheme has many advantages compared to traditional Streaming Media scheme, such as the existing HTTP infrastructure of reusable (including clothes
Be engaged in device, agency and caching), reliable transmission and easily by firewall etc..
In existing HAS (self adaptation stream based on http protocol) technology, media content (such as video) be split for
One group of media content is sliced (chunks), each media content slice contains several seconds video contents.In these media
Hold slice and be encoded into several bit rate, and in client deployment bit rate adaptive algorithm.The algorithm can be according to client
The media content slice that suitable bit rate is adaptive selected in current available bandwidth is downloaded and plays.
But pass through observation and analysis, it has been found that at present the self adaptation stream technology applied in some cases performance according to
Right Shortcomings.Such as when multiple users enjoy streaming media service under the connection of the same Bandwidth-Constrained, it is possible to
Occur influencing the performance issue of user experience.The main of existing system shows deficiency: (1) fairness at following three aspects:
Under the connection of same Bandwidth-Constrained, the bandwidth of multiple players should the be fair sharing connection；(2) network rings robustness: are faced
The continuous variation in border, stream media system should be able to promptly and accurately make a response, and guarantee the stabilization and height of system data transmission
Effect.
On the other hand, the demand with Internet user to high-resolution streaming medium content is more and more vigorous, internet clothes
Business quotient replaces single server using multiserver more and more, because the scheme of multiserver is meeting the same of user demand
When the stability and reliability of service can be improved.In multiserver adaptive stream media system, a player can be same
When to multiple web server requests and downloading stream medium data.Obviously, in multi-server system, when multiple servers are on ground
When being dispersion in reason, the fault-tolerant ability of reply Internet bandwidth variation will be increased substantially.It is illustrated in Fig. 1 more than one
The typical scenario of server adaptive stream media system, wherein user B is obtained from three servers simultaneously by multiple TCP connections
Stream medium data, and the same video data from specific content supplier is supplied to user simultaneously by this three servers
B.It is similar with single server adaptive stream media system, can also there are multiple broadcastings in multiserver adaptive stream media system
Device fights for the case where same bandwidth resources.In the example in fig 1, although user A and user C are only from one or two servers
Upper request data, but still share the same Bandwidth-Constrained with user B and connect.
By reading existing pertinent literature extensively, we think existing algorithm in the self adaptation stream of multiserver
Fairness, validity and stability are not ensured that in media system.By taking fairness as an example, when the existing algorithm of our applications, often
The TCP flow being directly used by it is connected and is determined by the bandwidth that a player can occupy.So, when a player is by building
It founds multiple streams and carrys out request data, a large amount of bandwidth resources can be occupied.And the player that other foundation are flowed on a small quantity will be unable to justice
Ground obtains their due bandwidth.Again by taking Fig. 1 as an example, according to our guess, user B by obtain 1/2 bandwidth, and user
A and user C by can only respectively occupy 1/6 and 1/3 bandwidth.In addition to this, in terms of validity and stability, existing algorithm exists
The performance shown in multiserver adaptive stream media system is also not so good as people's will.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned background technique, calculated in the existing dynamic self-adapting streaming media based on http protocol
On the basis of method, a kind of stream connection dispatching method of adaptive stream media system under the frame suitable for multiserver is provided, is guaranteed
The fairness and robustness of data transmission when multiple same Bandwidth-Constraineds of user sharing connect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem used technical solution of the invention are as follows:
A kind of stream connection dispatching method suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system:
Media description file is generated according to media content, stream is established between streaming media clients and streaming media server and is connected
It connects, pre-download is carried out to media description file；Each stream connection is according in bit rate buffered media corresponding with network throughput
Hold slice, assesses its data transmission performance according to the data transmission scenarios of each stream connection, carried out according to different stability states
Stream connection scheduling, the performance boost of assessment stream scheduling, chooses whether to carry out stream recovery operation according to assessment result.
Preferably, including:
Step 1, media description file is generated, in the media that streaming media server can provide streaming medium content provider
Appearance is encoded with different bit rates, and the content that the copy of content alignment of a variety of bit rates is cut into fixed size is sliced,
URL according to the bit rate of each copy of content, slice length, data downloading generates media description file；
Step 2, streaming media clients initiate network request to more streaming media servers simultaneously, establish stream therewith respectively and connect
It connects；
Step 3, streaming media clients describe file from server downloads of media；
Step 4, client initially caches media content；
Step 5, each stream Connection Cache media content slice terminates if the downloading of all media contents finishes；
Step 6, judge whether the stream connection quantity m of current active is greater than 1, if so, 7 are thened follow the steps, if it is not, then executing
Step 10；
Step 7, judge whether the movable stream connection status of m item is stabilization, if so, enter step 9, if it is not, then into
Enter step 8；
Step 8, judge that unstable state flows down schedulable condition, calculate the ratio of the media content slice between each stream connection
Whether true the maximum difference Gap of special rate grade, judge Gap >=H, if so, 9 are thened follow the steps, if it is not, 10 are thened follow the steps,
Wherein,L is the grade for the Maximum Bit Rate that server can provide；
Step 9, stream connection is deactivated, the ratio of the media content slice of current or the last caching is connected according to all streams
Special rate stagnates the activity of the minimum stream connection of bit rate, makes it into dormant state, return to step 5；
Step 10, judge flow scheduling operation whether lifting system overall performance, if so, step 5 is jumped back to, if it is not, then
Enter step 11.
Step 11, stream restores: waking up all stream connections in a dormant state, and at the beginning of the bit rate of current system selection
The data transmission of all stream connections of beginningization, is then return to step 5.
Preferably, each stream connection is according in the adaptable bit rate buffered media of network throughput selection in step 5
Hold slice adaptive transmission.
Preferably, successively judging each stream when step 7 judges whether each stream connection status is stable method
The state of i, i=1,2 ..., m are connected, judgment method includes:
Step 7.1, the bit rate of the streaming media media content slice is recorded, client is stream connection setting one
A length is the array of k, records the bit rate that the stream connects the media content slice of nearest k caching；
Step 7.2, the maximum in the k media content slice bit rate level sample that the Streaming Media is downloaded recently is obtained
Difference Gi, obtain the maximum value M in k media content slice bit rate level samplei；
Step 7.3, judge Gi≤ 1 and MiWhether≤L is true, if so, indicating that the Streaming Media is in stable condition, if it is not, then table
Show the Streaming Media state labile, wherein L is the grade for the Maximum Bit Rate that server can provide.
Preferably, step 10 judge flow scheduling operation whether the method for lifting system overall performance are as follows:
It is first determined whether the Maximum Bit Rate grade L in continuous k media block current active streamcurrentLess than or equal to stream
Maximum bit rate grade SID before reductionbefore, if so, indicating that the quality of video stream media goes out after flowing reduction operation
Show decline, flow the non-lifting system overall performance of scheduling operation,
If it is not, then further judging SIDhighest≥SIDbeforeWithWhether simultaneously at
It is vertical, if so, indicating the stream non-lifting system overall performance of scheduling operation, if not, then it represents that stream scheduling operation lifting system is whole
Performance,
Wherein, SIDhighestIndicate the maximum bit rate grade that player is finally reached, L indicates what server can be provided
The grade of Maximum Bit Rate, 0 < ρ < 1.
Preferably, the method for carrying out stream recovery operation includes: all streams connections in a dormant state of wake-up, and with current
The bit rate of Systematic selection initializes the data transmission of all stream connections.
Preferably, the size of content slice is 2-10 seconds.
Preferably, it is before carrying out data transmission that step 3 streaming media clients, which describe file from server downloads of media,
It carries out, the storage location of media content is obtained by parsing media description file.
Preferably, first the media content of lowest bitrate is selected to cut when step 4 client progress media content initially caches
Piece is cached.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the invention proposes the think ofs of stream connection scheduling in multiserver adaptive stream media
Think, select quality preferably to flow connection by reasonable assessment strategy and preserve, and gradually eliminates second-rate stream connection,
So that different user has fair bandwidth contention condition under final stable state；Client eliminates poor connection, is preferable
Connection provide the chance for obtaining more bandwidth resources, allow whole system more fully using bandwidth resources；For
Stream scheduling provides a feedback, can both assess the quality of scheduling strategy, and the variation for also coping with Network status for system provides
Reference will not lose multiserver to stream media system bring robustness and high fault-tolerant energy while simplifying connection
Power.
The present invention cuts down algorithm, scheduling performance is assessed and flows recovery policy to improve multiserver self adaptation stream matchmaker by stream
The data transmission performance of body, ensure that fairness, cuts down algorithm by stream and gradually balances the connection quantity of the stream between different user,
The acquisition bandwidth resources for allowing multiple user sharings same Bandwidth-Constrained fair when connecting, no matter each user initially sets up
Several stream connections；It ensure that robustness, when Network status changes, scheduling performance is flowed in assessment in time, and waits if necessary
Restore all stream connections, and rerun stream dispatching algorithm, to adapt to new Network status.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is existing multiserver adaptive stream media system framework figure,
Fig. 2 is that the stream under the stable state of the embodiment of the present invention cuts down schematic diagram,
Fig. 3 is that the stream under the unsteady state of the embodiment of the present invention cuts down schematic diagram,
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
System framework of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, core algorithm then mainly includes that stream cuts down algorithm and scheduling performance assessment
Two parts, process is as shown in figure 4, specific implementation steps are as follows:
Step 1, media description file MPD is generated: in the matchmaker that streaming media server can provide streaming medium content provider
Hold in vivo and encoded with different bit rates, bit rate is respectively { b1,b2,...,bL, and b1< b2< ... < bL,
In for arbitrary i and j if i < j so if having bi< bj, then the copy of content alignment of a variety of bit rates is cut into solid
The content slice of size (2-10 seconds) is determined, then by the bit rate of each copy of content, slice length, URL of data downloading etc.
Parameter information condenses together, and forms media description file；
Step 2, establish stream connection: streaming media clients initiate network request to more streaming media servers simultaneously, then
Establish stream connection therewith respectively；
Step 3, media description file pre-download: streaming media clients are before carrying out data transmission, first under server
Media description file is carried, the key message and storage location of media content are obtained by parsing media description file；
Step 4, initial caching: client first selects the media content of lowest bitrate when starting media content caching
Slice is cached, so that start-up study is minimum；
Step 5, the Adaptive Transmission stage: this stage running adaptive algorithm, each stream connection are selected according to network throughput
Suitable bit rate caching media content slice is selected, is terminated if the downloading of all media contents finishes.
Step 6, judge whether the stream connection quantity m of current active is greater than 1, if so, 7 are thened follow the steps, if it is not, then jumping
To step 10；
Step 7, judge whether the movable stream connection status of m item is stabilization, if so, enter step 9, if it is not, then into
Enter step 8；Execute following steps judges whether each stream connects stable one by one to connection i (i=1,2 ..., m):
Step 7.1, record media content is sliced bit rate: client is that stream connection one length of setting is that k (is usually set
It is set to array 4), records the bit rate that the stream connects the media content slice of nearest k caching；
Step 7.2, critical data G is calculatediAnd Mi: GiIndicate the k media content slice bit rate of the stream downloaded recently
Maximum difference in grade sample, MiThen indicate the maximum value in k media content slice bit rate level sample；
Step 7.3, if meeting Gi≤ 1 and Mi≤ L then illustrates the stream stable connection, and wherein L is that server can provide most
The grade of big bit rate, otherwise indicates that the stream is unstable.
Step 8, judge that unstable state flows down schedulable condition: calculating the ratio of the media content slice between each stream connection
The maximum difference Gap of special rate grade, as shown in figure 3, wherein the general value of H is if Gap >=H thens follow the steps 9Take
The half of the grade for the Maximum Bit Rate that business device can provide, otherwise jumps to step 10；
Step 9, it deactivates stream connection: connecting the ratio of the media content slice of current or the last caching according to all streams
Special rate selects the stream connection that bit rate is minimum, allows it to stop action, into dormant state, return to step 5；
Step 10, stream scheduling performance detection: the runnability of the stream scheduling strategy before lasting detection, specific detection are calculated
Method is as follows:
SIDbeforeIndicate the maximum bit rate grade before stream is cut down, SIDhighestThen indicate what player was finally reached
Maximum bit rate grade.Enable LcurrentIndicate that maximum bit rate level in current all movable streams, L indicate server institute energy
The grade of the Maximum Bit Rate of offer.We will define performance decline and meaningless performance boost based on these variables.
Performance decline: if current Maximum Bit Rate grade Lcurrent≤SIDbeforeAnd continue k (=4) a media block, then
Think that decline occurs after flowing reduction operation in the quality of video stream media.
Meaningless performance boost: if SIDhighest≥SIDbeforeAndWherein 0
< ρ < 1, that is to say, that there is no the quality for improving video stream media significantly for stream reduction operation.
If being to flow if scheduling operation has been obviously improved the overall performance of system to jump back to according to above method testing result
Step 5,11 are otherwise entered step and carries out stream recovery operation；
Step 11, stream restores: waking up all stream connections in a dormant state, and at the beginning of the bit rate of current system selection
The data transmission of all stream connections of beginningization, is then return to step 5.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme has several advantages that
It has been put forward for the first time the thought of stream connection scheduling in multiserver adaptive stream media, has been selected by reasonable assessment strategy
It selects quality and preferably flows to connect the stream connection for preserving, and gradually eliminating second-rate, so that different user is finally being stablized
There is fair bandwidth contention condition under state；
As described in first, client eliminates poor connection, provides for preferable connection and obtains more bandwidth resources
Chance, allow whole system more fully using bandwidth resources；
Scheduling performance of the invention is evaluated as stream scheduling and provides a feedback, can both assess the quality of scheduling strategy,
Also the variation for coping with Network status for system provides reference, and multiserver will not be lost while simplifying connection to stream matchmaker
System system bring robustness and high fault-tolerant ability.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system connects dispatching method, it is characterised in that:
Server generates media description file according to media content, and stream is established between streaming media clients and streaming media server and is connected
It connects, pre-download is carried out to the media description file；Each stream connection caches matchmaker according to bit rate corresponding with network throughput
Hold slice in vivo, its data transmission performance is assessed according to the data transmission scenarios of each stream connection, according to different stabilizations
Situation carries out the scheduling of stream connection, and the performance boost of assessment stream scheduling chooses whether to carry out stream recovery operation according to assessment result.
2. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 1 connects dispatching method,
It is characterised by comprising:
Step 1, media description file is generated, the media content that streaming medium content provider provides can be used in streaming media server
Different bit rates are encoded, and the content that the copy of content alignment of a variety of bit rates is cut into fixed size are sliced, foundation
The URL that the bit rate of each copy of content, slice length, data are downloaded generates media description file；
Step 2, streaming media clients initiate network request to more streaming media servers simultaneously, establish stream connection therewith respectively；
Step 3, streaming media clients describe file from server downloads of media；
Step 4, client initially caches media content；
Step 5, each movable stream Connection Cache media content slice, terminates, otherwise if the downloading of all media contents finishes
Enter step 6；
Step 6, judge whether the stream connection quantity m of current active is greater than 1, if so, 7 are thened follow the steps, if it is not, thening follow the steps
10；
Step 7, judge whether the movable stream connection status of m item is stabilization, if so, 9 are entered step, if it is not, then entering step
Rapid 8；
Step 8, judge that unstable state flows down schedulable condition, calculate the bit rate of the media content slice between each stream connection
Whether true the maximum difference Gap of grade, judge Gap >=H, if so, 9 are thened follow the steps, if it is not, thening follow the steps 10, whereinL is the grade for the Maximum Bit Rate that server can provide；
Step 9, stream connection is deactivated, the bit of the media content slice of current or the last caching is connected according to all streams
Rate stagnates the activity of the minimum stream connection of bit rate, makes it into dormant state, return to step 5；
Step 10, judge flow scheduling operation whether lifting system overall performance, if so, step 5 is jumped back to, if it is not, then entering
Step 11.
Step 11, stream restores: waking up all stream connections in a dormant state, and with the bit rate initialization of current system selection
The data transmission of all stream connections, is then return to step 5.
3. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 2 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized by:
Each movable stream connection is the bit rate caching media content adaptable according to network throughput selection in the step 5
Slice adaptive transmission.
4. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 2 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized in that, successively judging when the step 7 judges whether the stream connection status of each current active is stable method
The state of each stream connection i, i=1,2 ..., m, judgment method include:
Step 7.1, the bit rate of the streaming media media content slice is recorded, client is that stream connection setting is one long
Degree is the array of k, records the bit rate that the stream connects the media content slice of nearest k caching；
Step 7.2, the maximum difference in the k media content slice bit rate level sample that the Streaming Media is downloaded recently is obtained
Gi, obtain the maximum value M in k media content slice bit rate level samplei；
Step 7.3, judge Gi≤ 1 and MiWhether≤L is true, if so, indicating that the Streaming Media is in stable condition, if not, then it represents that should
Streaming Media state labile, wherein L is the grade for the Maximum Bit Rate that server can provide.
5. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 4 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized in that, the step 10 judge flow scheduling operation whether the method for lifting system overall performance are as follows:
It is first determined whether the Maximum Bit Rate grade L in continuous k media block current active streamcurrentIt is cut down less than or equal to stream
Maximum bit rate grade SID beforebefore, if so, indicating that the quality of video stream media occurs after flowing reduction operation
The non-lifting system overall performance of scheduling operation is flowed in decline,
If it is not, then further judging SIDhighest≥SIDbeforeWithWhether set up simultaneously, if
It is, then it represents that the stream non-lifting system overall performance of scheduling operation, if not, then it represents that stream scheduling operation lifting system overall performance,
Wherein, SIDhighestIndicate the maximum bit rate grade that player is finally reached, L indicates the maximum that server can be provided
The grade of bit rate, 0 < ρ < 1.
6. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 2 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized in that, the method for carrying out the stream recovery operation includes: all streams connections in the dormant stage of wake-up, and with current
The bit rate of Systematic selection initializes the data transmission of all stream connections.
7. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 1 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized by: the size of the content slice is 2-10 seconds.
8. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 1 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized by: it is before carrying out data transmission that step 3 streaming media clients, which describe file from server downloads of media,
It carries out, the storage location of media content is obtained by parsing media description file.
9. a kind of stream suitable for multiserver adaptive stream media system according to claim 1 connects dispatching method,
It is characterized by: first the media content of lowest bitrate is selected to cut when the step 4 client progress media content initially caches
Piece is cached.
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