CN109039499A - A kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network - Google Patents
A kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network Download PDFInfo
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- CN109039499A CN109039499A CN201810922717.XA CN201810922717A CN109039499A CN 109039499 A CN109039499 A CN 109039499A CN 201810922717 A CN201810922717 A CN 201810922717A CN 109039499 A CN109039499 A CN 109039499A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
Abstract
The spectrum management method of the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, Handshake Protocol is initiated by neighboring receivers, after transmitter and neighboring receivers establish connection, transmitter carries out frequency spectrum perception and distinguishes the acoustical signal of underwater cognition acoustic network and the acoustical signal of other sound systems, according to the frequency spectrum distribution condition for other in running order neighboring receivers that frequency spectrum perception result and transmitter are sent, neighboring receivers generate the spectrum allocation strategy for being suitble to transmitter.The acoustic user in underwater sound cognitive system is realized by the above method and efficiently shares precious frequency spectrum resource with open arms with other sound systems and artificial sound system, improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to technical field of underwater acoustic communication, and in particular to a kind of frequency spectrum pipe of underwater cognition acoustic network
Reason method.
Background technique
Most of research for underwater sound communication network all concentrates on single network scene at present, and all users work
In this network.Actually when having multiple sound systems to exist simultaneously with a piece of waters, Underwater Acoustic Environment can be more complicated.It is more
A simultaneous underwater sound environment of network, feature is just different user can very strong competition to frequency spectrum.Except competition
Except, since energy is with frequency deep fades, and underwater obtainable communication frequency be it is very limited, usually from tens of
Hertz arrives hundreds of kHz.The two factors result in frequency spectrum very short in sound system under water.However precious frequency spectrum
Resource is not still utilized sufficiently: being not efficiently used on the time is free time, mobility because of sound system；Spatially
Be not efficiently used is because acoustics system can not directive sending and reception.
There are many spectrum management systems for cognitive radio (CR) design, water can not be applied to due to following three kinds
Sound communication network: the feature of underwater sound uniqueness, such as long propagation delay, highly dynamic channel impulse response, low data rate；Sternly
The acoustic shadow and channel fading of weight produce the additional traffic；Cognitive radio networks are without the concern for the dry of other biological
It disturbs, and in ocean, manual system and marine mammal are all communicated with acoustical signal.Therefore it is cognitive radio (CR)
The spectrum management system of design can not be applied to underwater sound communication network.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem or it at least is partially solved above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides
A kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, is applied to underwater cognition acoustic network, the underwater cognition Acoustic web
Network includes Receiver And Transmitter, the spectrum management method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
The transmitter is by local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent and in running order
The frequency spectrum distribution condition of other neighboring receivers is sent to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, data message to be sent
Quantity and other in running order neighboring receivers the obtained frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation of frequency spectrum distribution condition.
Optionally, the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation includes: that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver and used
Data channel, the transmitter send datagram to the receiver at the beginning of and the end time.
Optionally, the method also includes:
The transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers.
Optionally, the transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers, it
Before, further includes:
The transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The information of anti-collision is broadcast to other neighboring receivers.
Optionally, the transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers, it
Afterwards, further includes:
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers and receives the response message sent after the data message.
Optionally, the transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum
Perceptual model carries out local frequency spectrum perception, comprising:
The frequency range of the transmitter perception is determined according to the frequency spectrum perception mode；
Based on the frequency range, the received sound of the transmitter is believed using preset frequency spectrum perception neural network model
Number carry out frequency spectrum perception, distinguish it is described it is underwater cognition acoustic network acoustical signal and other sound systems acoustical signal.
Optionally, the building of the frequency spectrum perception neural network model includes:
Obtain the received acoustical signal sample of transmitter；
Feature extraction is carried out to the acoustical signal sample, obtains characteristic；
The neural network model constructed in advance using the characteristic training in preset detecting period section, is obtained
Frequency spectrum perception neural network model.
Optionally, the neighboring receivers are according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent
And the frequency spectrum distribution condition of other in running order neighboring receivers obtains frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation, comprising:
Frequency spectrum is carried out according to preset objective function to divide to obtain frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The objective function is as follows:
Wherein:
The bound for objective function are as follows:
Ifn∈{1,…,N},k∈{1,…,K}；
In formula,Indicate data of k-th of transmitter on nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment
Transmission rate；Indicate power of k-th of transmitter in nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment；Indicate in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment nth data channel and k-th of transmitter relationship, when nth it is believed that
When k-th of transmitter is distributed in roadWhen nth data channel is not allocated to k-th of transmitterN is indicated
What receiver can obtain is used for transmission the quantity of the data channel of data；K indicates the quantity of the transmitter adjacent with receiver；
BnIndicate bandwidth；λnkIt indicatesAverage value,It indicatesProbability-distribution function,It indicates at n-th
Transient channel response between k-th of transmitter and receiver on data channel；βnkIndicate preset k-th of transmitter
Outage probability on n data channel；N0Indicate noise spectrum density；PkIndicate the power of the power supply of k-th of transmitter.
Optionally, the transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation, comprising:
The information of anti-collision includes starting time and terminal time and channel information；
The channel information is that the transmitter sends datagram used data channel to the receiver；
The starting time is calculated as follows:
Ta=ta-t0-2τ1-(t1-t0')
In formula, TaIndicate starting time；taAt the beginning of indicating that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver
Between；τ1Indicate the propagation delay time between the transmitter and the receiver；t0Indicate that the receiver sends the frequency spectrum distribution
The time of strategy；t0' indicate that the transmitter receives the time of the spectrum allocation strategy；
The terminal time is calculated as follows:
Tb=Ta+tb-ta
In formula, TbIndicate terminal time；tbAt the end of indicating that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver
Between.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of spectrum management terminal of underwater cognition acoustic network, is applied to underwater cognition sound
Network is learned, the underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, and the spectrum management terminal includes processor, storage
Device and bus；
The processor and memory are communicated by the bus；
The memory is stored with the spectrum management program of underwater cognition acoustic network；
The processor executes the program stored in the memory, to realize following step:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
Local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent are sent to the adjacent reception by the transmitter
Machine；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result and datagram to be sent
The frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation that the quantity of text obtains.
Compared with prior art, the spectrum management method for the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, by
Neighboring receivers initiate Handshake Protocol, and after transmitter and neighboring receivers establish connection, transmitter carries out frequency spectrum perception and distinguishes water
The acoustical signal of lower cognition acoustic network and the acoustical signal of other sound systems, the place sent according to frequency spectrum perception result and transmitter
In the frequency spectrum distribution condition of other neighboring receivers of working condition, neighboring receivers, which generate, is suitble to the frequency spectrum of transmitter to distribute plan
Slightly.The acoustic user and other sound systems and artificial sound system height in underwater sound cognitive system are realized by the above method
Effect shares precious frequency spectrum resource with open arms, improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be in embodiment or description of the prior art
Required attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some realities of the invention
Example is applied, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be attached according to these
Figure obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the spectrum management method flow chart for the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of spectrum management method flow chart of underwater cognition acoustic network provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the spectrum management method flow chart for the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention three provides；
Fig. 4 is the spectrum management method flow chart for the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention four provides.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is a kind of spectrum management method flow chart of underwater cognition acoustic network provided in an embodiment of the present invention, described
Method is applied to underwater cognition acoustic network, and the underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, as shown in Figure 1,
The method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
The transmitter is by local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent and in running order
The frequency spectrum distribution condition of other neighboring receivers is sent to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, data message to be sent
Quantity and other in running order neighboring receivers the obtained frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation of frequency spectrum distribution condition.
The frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation includes: data letter used by the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver
At the beginning of road, the transmitter send datagram to the receiver and the end time.
The spectrum management method of the underwater cognition acoustic network of one kind that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, is shaken hands by receiver initiation
After agreement, transmitter and receiver establish connection, transmitter carries out frequency spectrum perception, distinguishes underwater cognition acoustics by frequency spectrum perception
The acoustical signal of network and the acoustical signal of other sound systems, the frequency spectrum for being suitble to transmitter is generated according to frequency spectrum perception result receiver
Allocation strategy.The acoustic user and other sound systems and artificial acoustics in underwater sound cognitive system are realized by the above method
System high efficiency shares precious frequency spectrum resource with open arms, improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Embodiment two
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, and the method is applied to underwater
Acoustic network is recognized, the underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, as shown in Fig. 2, the method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
The transmitter is by local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent and in running order
The frequency spectrum distribution condition of other neighboring receivers is sent to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, data message to be sent
Quantity and other in running order neighboring receivers the obtained frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation of frequency spectrum distribution condition；
The transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers.
Embodiment three
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, and the method is applied to underwater
Acoustic network is recognized, the underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, as shown in figure 3, the method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
The transmitter is by local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent and in running order
The frequency spectrum distribution condition of other neighboring receivers is sent to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, data message to be sent
Quantity and other in running order neighboring receivers the obtained frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation of frequency spectrum distribution condition；
The transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The information of anti-collision is broadcast to other neighboring receivers；
The transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers.
In the embodiment of the present application, transmitter to other neighboring receivers broadcast generate information of anti-collision, avoid and other
Data collision between transmitter or receiver.
Example IV
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, and the method is applied to underwater
Acoustic network is recognized, the underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, as shown in figure 4, the method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Carry out local frequency spectrum perception；
Local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent are sent to the adjacent reception by the transmitter
Machine；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result and datagram to be sent
The frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation that the quantity of text obtains；
The transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The information of anti-collision is broadcast to other neighboring receivers；
The transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers and receives the response message sent after the data message.
In the embodiment of the present application, transmitter receives the response message that neighboring receivers return, and ensure that data transmission
Reliability.
Embodiment five
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, the method such as embodiment one
Any described to four, details are not described herein again；
In the embodiment of the present application, the transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and root
Local frequency spectrum perception is carried out according to the frequency spectrum perception mode, comprising:
The frequency range of the transmitter perception is determined according to the frequency spectrum perception mode；
Based on the frequency range, the received sound of the transmitter is believed using preset frequency spectrum perception neural network model
Number carry out frequency spectrum perception, distinguish it is described it is underwater cognition acoustic network acoustical signal and other sound systems acoustical signal.
The building of the frequency spectrum perception neural network model includes:
Obtain the received acoustical signal sample of transmitter；
Feature extraction is carried out to the acoustical signal sample, obtains characteristic；
The neural network model constructed in advance using the characteristic training in preset detecting period section, is obtained
Frequency spectrum perception neural network model.
Embodiment six
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, the method such as embodiment one
Any described to five, details are not described herein again；
In the embodiment of the present application, the transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and root
Local frequency spectrum perception is carried out according to the frequency spectrum perception mode, comprising:
The frequency range of the transmitter perception is determined according to the frequency spectrum perception mode；
Based on the frequency range, the received sound of the transmitter is believed using preset frequency spectrum perception neural network model
Number carry out frequency spectrum perception, distinguish it is described it is underwater cognition acoustic network acoustical signal and other sound systems acoustical signal.
The building of the frequency spectrum perception neural network model includes:
Obtain the received acoustical signal sample of transmitter；
Feature extraction is carried out to the acoustical signal sample, obtains characteristic；
The neural network model constructed in advance using the characteristic training in preset detecting period section, is obtained
Frequency spectrum perception neural network model.
Embodiment seven
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, the method such as embodiment one
Any described to six, details are not described herein again；
In the embodiment of the present application, the neighboring receivers are according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, data to be sent
The quantity of message and the frequency spectrum distribution condition of other in running order neighboring receivers obtain frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation, packet
It includes:
Frequency spectrum is carried out according to preset objective function to divide to obtain frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The objective function is as follows:
Wherein:
The bound for objective function are as follows:
Ifn∈{1,…,N},k∈{1,…,K}；
In formula,Indicate data of k-th of transmitter on nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment
Transmission rate；Indicate power of k-th of transmitter in nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment；Indicate in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment nth data channel and k-th of transmitter relationship, when nth it is believed that
When k-th of transmitter is distributed in roadWhen nth data channel is not allocated to k-th of transmitterN is indicated
What receiver can obtain is used for transmission the quantity of the data channel of data；K indicates the quantity of the transmitter adjacent with receiver；
BnIndicate bandwidth；λnkIt indicatesAverage value,It indicatesProbability-distribution function,It indicates at n-th
Transient channel response between k-th of transmitter and receiver on data channel；βnkIndicate preset k-th of transmitter
Outage probability on n data channel；N0Indicate noise spectrum density；PkIndicate the power of the power supply of k-th of transmitter.
Embodiment eight
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, the method such as embodiment three
Or described in four, details are not described herein again；
In the embodiment of the present application, the transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation, comprising:
The information of anti-collision includes starting time and terminal time and channel information；
The channel information is that the transmitter sends datagram used data channel to the receiver；
The starting time is calculated as follows:
Ta=ta-t0-2τ1-(t1-t0')
In formula, TaIndicate starting time；taAt the beginning of indicating that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver
Between；τ1Indicate the propagation delay time between the transmitter and the receiver；t0Indicate that the receiver sends the frequency spectrum distribution
The time of strategy；t0' indicate that the transmitter receives the time of the spectrum allocation strategy；
The terminal time is calculated as follows:
Tb=Ta+tb-ta
In formula, TbIndicate terminal time；tbAt the end of indicating that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver
Between.
One specific example,
It recognizes in acoustic network spectrum management system under water, the application assumes that network is asynchronous, while assuming public control
The utilizability of channel processed is widely acknowledged.In spectrum management system, each transmitter carries out local frequency spectrum and distinguishes
Distinguish the sound number of CA (Cognitive Acoustic recognize the underwater sound) user and acoustical signal (such as the sea in other sound systems
Foreign mammal and sonar).
Spectrum management system can be in nonsynchronous UCANs (underwater cognition acoustic network Underwater Cognitive
Acoustic Networks) under work.It is made of three key components: frequency spectrum perception, collision prevention and frequency spectrum decision.
In the spectrum management schemes for recognizing acoustic network under water, receiver initiation is shaken hands shared to negotiate idle frequency spectrum.
Compared with initiating scheme commonly used in the transmitter of CR (cognitive radio) network, receiver initiation is shaken hands, it is easier to emitted
Sensing strategy is arranged between machine, collects local heat transfer agent and coordination data transmission.
The application hypothesis in the spectrum management schemes of acoustic network is recognized under water, and one is only equipped on underwater sound user
Single half-duplex sonic transducer.(CA user refers to a network node in underwater cognition acoustic network to each CA user, both
It can be transmitter mode, and can be receiver mode.) time delay of adjacent C party A-subscriber is both known about, this is in netinit
Stage can measure.The application is it is further assumed that there is an available common band as control channel, therefore in data
Do not conflict between control message.Just like 6 stages of spectrum management schemes of underwater cognition acoustic network.
Stage 1: the receiver for collecting data is sent into request reception (RTR) message to neighboring user to start to hold
Hand process.Here request receives information, and there are three functions: (a) helping receiver from adjacent transmitters request data；(b) from phase
The ATS message that adjacent transmitter obtains；(c) the resolution frequency of each CA user of adjacent transmitters is notified.
The requested transmitter that stage 2: being properly received RTR and has data to transmit first passes through receiver peace
The perceptual model of row carrys out perceived frequency.Transmitter sends ATS message to receiver to establish connection with receiver.In order to avoid
Collision between ATS message, transmitter transmit ATS according to arrangement claimed below, and there are four functions by ATS: (a) foundation and receiver
Between connection (b) notice its data message to be sent of receiver quantity；(c) notice receiver other adjacent be in work
Make the frequency spectrum distribution condition of the receiver of state；(d) frequency spectrum perception result is sent to receiver.
Stage 3: after receiving ATS message, the frequency spectrum perception result that receiver merges adjacent transmitters is last to carry out
Frequency spectrum judging obtains spectrum allocation strategy.Then receiver broadcasts a command message, including the frequency distributed to adjacent transmitters
The information of rate and transimission power.
Stage 4: if a transmitter has received command message, the scheme information of oneself will be extracted and by one
This scheme information is broadcast to other adjacent receivers by REPEAT message.This process avoid between other CA users
Data collision.
After the transmission of stage 5:REPEAT message, the frequency spectrum in command message that each transmitter is received according to the stage 3 divides
With decision, by the data channel of distribution, send datagram according to the time specified in spectrum allocation strategy to receiver.
Stage 6: finally, the reliability in order to guarantee data-message transmission, receiver after data message receives to
Transmitter replys an ACK message.
Here the control message that RTR, ATS, ORDER, REPEAT message is all used as in spectrum management system uses, they
Shared control channel transmits information.
In the embodiment of the present application, the collision between ATS message is avoided by following methods:
Include in ATS transmission process, in the spectrum management system for recognizing acoustic network under water, when receiver is using transmission
Prolong the transmission sequence for the ATS information that information is come arranged to adjacent C party A-subscriber.In order to avoid ATS is collided, what different transmitters issued
The arrival time of ATS message should intersect open.In addition, the smallest ATS receiving time preferably reduce the cost of handshake procedure and
Improve the effectiveness of control channel.
The application specifies receiver and i-th of adjacent transmitters is respectively r and si, S, L, τiRespectively siSet, S
Size, r and siBetween propagation delay time.Assuming that in t0Reception machine has sent a RTR message, it is desirable that siIn receiver sheet
Ground time tiSend ATSi, i=1,2 ..., L.The transmission time of RTR and ATS is respectively designated as TRTRAnd TATS。ωiIndicate siOn
RTR receive and ATSiTime difference between transmission.
When avoiding collision between ATS information, receiver needs to calculateIt is connect to minimize all ATS of each transmitter
The time received.
The application uses three transmitters as example to describe ATS transmission process.How following the application introduction calculates
Based on the propagation delay time between receiver and transmitter, the application has
ωi=ti-(t0+TRTR)-2τi, i ∈ { 1 ..., L } (1)
The application needs to minimize t by arranging the transmitter in S according to propagation delay time ascending orderL.Assuming that ATSiIt is L
First in a ATS message for reaching receiver, then (1) can be write as
ωi=tL-(L-l)TATS-(t0+TRTR)-2τi, i ∈ { 1 ..., L } (2)
In formula (2),Therefore
tL≥(L-1)TATS+(t0+TRTR)+2τi, i ∈ { 1 ..., L } (3)
From formula (3) the application it is observed that in order to minimize tL, ATS reception sequence should in collection of transmitters S
Sequence consensus.More specifically, have the transmitter of big propagation delay time ATS should after the ATS of closer transmitter,
Vice versa.Therefore, L=l is allowed, the application has
tL=max { (L-i) TATS+(t0+TRTR)+2τi, i ∈ { 1 ..., L } (4)
Finally, receiver writes time list [t0, t1..., tL] and the corresponding MAC Address for sending RTR message.RTR
After reception, transmitter siTime delay be ωi=ti-t0-2τiAnd respond an ATS.
Middle the application is available from the description above, the waiting time ω of the ATS transmission of transmitteriIt is tj-t0Time difference
It determines.This shows the transmitting terminal for allowing to collide free ATS transmission in asynchronous UCAN, and the local zone time of receiver is not
It needs.
In the embodiment of the present application, include: come perceived frequency by the perceptual model of receiver arrangement
The application assumes that CA user cannot perceive all frequencies within a perception period, because entire spectrum perception is not only
It is that power and time efficiency are low, also as the requirement on hardware is high, this, which allows for battery powered underwater equipment, becomes not cut
It is practical.On the contrary, the application assumes that CA user perceives the frequency that can only perceive one or several subsets in the period at one.Below
How effectively the application detailed description UCAN user in spectrum management system is collaborative sensing frequency.
Perceptual model is the guideline that should be perceived by corresponding transmitter for determining which frequency subsets.Perception
Mode is that receiver is preset.In order to realize different purposes, the perceptual model in spectrum management be can be different:
(a) frequency spectrum access conditions: the maximization in order to will be seen that idle frequence is maximized, in this mode, transmitting
Machine is designated all frequencies of covering.
(b) maximize perception accuracy: the influence in order to overcome decaying and shadow zone, being carried out using collaborative perception strategy can
The PU detection leaned on.In order to identify the subset frequency of overlapping, neighbouring transmitter is classified.
(c) mixed spectrum perceives: perceptual model is the tradeoff for maximizing frequency spectrum access conditions and maximizing perception accuracy.
In this mode, neighbouring launching opportunity is grouped.Different groups is responsible for different subset frequencies, and same group of transmitter
Perceive identical frequency.
Spectrum management system can support mode all of the above easily.More specifically, it is merged as a control
Center, receiver arrange perceptual model adjacent transmitters by RTR information, and the local perception of neighboring user
As a result it can effectively be collected with ATS message.
In asynchronous UCANs, when a user is in perceived frequency, other launching opportunities pass in identical channel
Defeated, this can interfere aware processes.Therefore the user in spectrum management system requires to distinguish primary user's signal and CA subscriber signal.This
In the application frequency spectrum perception is carried out using neural network (BP).
There are three steps for the frequency spectrum sensing method of neural network: receiving signal characteristic abstraction, the training of neural network, nerve
Network spectrum perception.Signal characteristic abstraction process is wherein received, can be good at distinguishing primary user's signal and CA subscriber signal
It comes.And multiple signal parameters can be extracted in the process of signal characteristic abstraction, therefore this method for distinguishing signal can compare
Only consider that the signal detecting method performance of the cyclo-stationary of signal period feature is more excellent in spectrum management original system.Signal characteristic
After parameter extraction, using the characteristic training neural network in default detecting period section, trained nerve is then utilized
Network carries out frequency spectrum perception.
After locally perception, transmitter transmits sensing results to receiver by ATS message.
In the embodiment of the present application, receiver passes through following methods to transmitter dividing frequency:
When distributing idle frequence in spectrum management system, receiver is in order to avoid collision, it should be noted that the transmission of data
Sequence arrangement.In addition, the CA user in water often has very serious frequency selection decaying.However, occurring in a user tight
The frequency to decay again, may be fine for other users quality.Therefore receiver should dynamically give transmitting according to channel circumstance
Machine dividing frequency and power.The application is realized above in spectrum management system using collision prevention mechanism and frequency spectrum judging algorithm
Purpose.
In the present invention, the application carries out data communication with following multichannel.Each CA user have one it is single
The sonic transducer of different channels can be converted.N and K respectively represents the quantity of obtainable data channel and neighbouring carries out to ATS
Data transmit the quantity of the transmitter of response.T represents the local zone time of receiver.
The frequency allocation matrix of t moment is expressed as At, each entry in matrixIf channel n distributes to use
Family k, thenOtherwiseTransimission power and data transmission rate of the transmitter k on channel n are expressed as
WithThis is by receiver joint distribution.The application assumes that the total available power of transmitter is Pk.Under normal conditions, if
Instantaneous CSI is that obtainable so receiver just arranges to send maximum transfer rate to transmitter kHere,It is
In channel capacity of the t moment user k on channel n, expression formula is
It is in the transmitter k on channel n and the response of the transient channel between receiver (channel gain).BnIt is bandwidth,
N0It is noise spectral density.
However, as the application is being discussed above, since the long delay of underwater sound signal and the height of underwater acoustic channel are dynamic
State property, the Real-time Channel response in UCANsIt is usually unavailable.Therefore the application only needsStatistical knowledge
Outage probability calculates channel capacity.Under water in communicationStatistical information be stable and be easy to get.
According to the requirement of QOS (service quality quality of service), between transmitter and receiver on channel n
Packet loss be less than equal to preset outage probability βnk.I.e.
It uses nowIt representsProbability-distribution function.Some distribution functions are corresponding for analog channel, such as
Rayleigh distributed, K distribution and L-S distribution, depending on different network deployment, channel condition and signal modulation scheme.Spectrum management
System is general any channel model.In the present invention, the application uses rayleigh distributed as sample to show spectrum management system
The work of frequency spectrum judging in system.
Assuming thatRayleigh distributed is followed, thenBe exactly average value be λnkExponential distribution.(5) are brought into (6)
And it usesExponential expression, the application has
Frequency spectrum judging of this formula below can be used.
In UCANs, multiple CA users may share the idle frequence of limited quantity, the reception in spectrum management system
When machine distributes idle frequence to transmitter, it should be taken into account that send and receive operation of the user in double bounce is asked to solve concealed terminal
Topic.Here the application introduces the collision prevention matrix used in the frequency spectrum judging algorithm of collisionless data transmission.
The application defines CtFor collision prevention matrix, vector in matrix It indicates at the local of receiver
Between t channel n be not useable for transmitter k.If there is data message in t moment channel, collision will occur.This Shen below
It please introduce and how to calculate CtIn each vector.
Message sends constraint: recipient needs to reserve before transmitting data time enough and gives sender's repeated data report
Text transmission.Assuming that receiver is in its local zone time t0Moment has sent a command message.Command message and duplicate message when
Prolong respectively TORDERAnd TREPEAT, τkIt is the time delay between receiver and transmitter, the application has
Transmission constraint: when recipient is its scheduled sender's schedule data transmission, it should be ensured that these transmission will not
Interfere the reception of other receivers.As shown in Figure 3, s1It is receiver r1And r2Adjacent transmitters.The application assumes r1And r2
Between can't hear other side mutually.Receiver r1Arrange transmitter s1In its local zone time taAnd tbBetween use channel n.If r2?
Allow transmitter s1In its local zone time ta' and tb' between use channel n, then will clash, t hereina'=ta-τ1,
tb'=tb-τ1, τ1It is r1And s1Between propagation delay time.This conflict is known as transmission collision by the application.
In spectrum management system, in order to which collision prevention requires s1Scheduling is collected by monitoring the command message of neighboring receivers
Information.s1R will be responded by it2ATS packet forward these scheduling informations.More specifically this needs three step shown in Fig. 3.
(a) work as s1From r1Command message 1 is received, it is extracted transmission catalogue, i.e. temporal information t0, taAnd tbAnd channel distribution n.t0
It is r1Locate the sending time of command message.(b) work as s1To r2ATS message, s are replied1It will record TaAnd TbTo notify r2In channel n
On transmission catalogue, wherein Ta=ta-t0-2τ1-(t1-t0'), Tb=Ta+tb-ta。t0' and t1It is s1Receive the sheet of command message 1
The ground time.(c) finally, r2It will appreciate that s1To r1Transmission catalogue.When, in receiver r2Upper the application has It is receiver r2Receive the local zone time of ATS message 1.
Receive constraint: receiver is when arrangement data receives, it is to be ensured that will not be interfered by the transmission of neighbouring transmitter.
As shown in figure 4, receiver r1Plan in its local zone time taTo tbBetween on channel n receiver/transmitter s1Data, and lead to
Command message 1 is crossed to s1Send directory information n, t0, taAnd tb.T is just calculated separately when transmitter receives command message 1c=ta-
t0-2τ1-TORDERAnd Td=tb-t0-2τ1-TORDER, τ1It is the propagation delay time between receiver and transmitter.Finally, s1It can be by Tc
And TdIt is attached in duplicate message and is broadcast to other neighbouring users immediately.By receiver r2From s1Receive the sheet of duplicate message
Ground timing definition is t1.For t2Have
Dynamic spectrum is adjudicated together with the cooperation of collision prevention mechanism to maximize the availability of frequency spectrum, while being avoided between CA user
Data collision.In order to realize this two purposes, the channel status and collision prevention matrix of CA transmitter above-mentioned be should be taken into account
In joint Power and frequency distribution.In spectrum management, the data message quantity sent in TAS information is told and is connect by launching opportunity
Receipts machine.It is worth noting that, the data message quantity of different transmitters need not be identical.With Q (bit) and TrRespectively represent one
The time of total data and reception data that receiver will receive.The application has
WhereinIt is the data rate that n distributes to transmitter k on channel.The T of minimumrIt is equivalent to maximizedThis is the function of power and channel distribution.Therefore, the application illustrates joint Power and frequency-assignment problem
For following optimization problem.
Problem 1:
Wherein:
Constraint condition is
C1:
C2:
C3:If
In problem 1, C1 is to ensure that each channel distribution to the channel distribution constraint for being no more than a CA transmitter；C2 is
Ensure that the total transmission power of each transmitter is no more than the power constraint of power supply；C3 is collision prevention constraint.As introduced in three-B section,
It is three and message is made to send constraint, transmission constraint and the combination for receiving constraint.C3 is a unique about pencil in problem 1
State, the power and channel distribution of the collision prevention mechanism of MAC layer and physical layer are bound tightly together by it.
1 is solved the problems, such as without restrained condition C3, a kind of similar method in document 21 can be used in the application.Relax ank
The requirement of ∈ { 0,1 }, allows ankIt is a real number in section [0,1], problem 1 is converted into standard lagrange problem.Later
Channel n can distribute to highest ankTransmitterThe application will obtain each vector in channel distribution matrix
Wherein
The optimal power contribution of each transmitter of t moment is
VectorThe channel that t moment is distributed to transmitter k is represented, isIn the receipts of the line index of the nonzero element of kth column
(13) are brought into the constraint C2 in problem 1, the application has by collection
Finally, (14), which are brought into (13) the application, obtains optimal transmission power
Following the application considers the constraint of state C3 and is calculated in spectrum management with iterative algorithmWith
Algorithm 1:
Initialization: based on the spectrum utilization information being collected into from ATS message and duplicate message, receiver is in its local zone time
T generates a collision prevention Matrix Ct.It is responded based on channel statistical, receiver calculates θ according to formula (12)nk。
Iterative calculation:
do；
For n=1:N；
Step 1: allowing eachTransmitterIt is calculated according to formula (14)Consider the channel point of front
With an'k,n'≠n。
Step 2: being calculated with formula (13)
Step 3: optimum transmitter k being picked out according to formula (11), and is allowed
end for
Step 4: calculating
UntilIncrement be greater than thresholding.
The Matrix C in restrained condition C3 can be easily observed from the description in BtThe variation of t at any time.Every secondary channel
State changes, and the overturning of the element of matrix and receiver rerun algorithm 1 for power and channel distribution.However due to acoustics
The sparse distribution of user, the Matrix C in the data receiver of a wheeltSeldom change.Finally, receiver by time series, power, with
And frequency allocation information is put into command message, and is sent to intended transmitter.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to non-row
His property includes, so that the process, method, article or the device that include a series of elements not only include those elements, and
And further include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or device institute it is intrinsic
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including being somebody's turn to do
There is also other identical elements in the process, method of element, article or device.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each reality of the present invention
Applying method described in example can realize by means of software and necessary general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to by hardware,
But the former is more preferably embodiment in many cases.Based on this understanding, technical solution of the present invention is substantially in other words
The part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products, which is stored in one
In a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD), including some instructions are used so that a terminal device (can be hand
Machine, computer, server, air conditioner or network equipment etc.) execute method or implementation described in each embodiment of the present invention
Method described in certain parts of example.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of spectrum management method of underwater cognition acoustic network, is applied to underwater cognition acoustic network, which is characterized in that institute
Stating underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, the spectrum management method, comprising:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and is carried out according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Local frequency spectrum perception；
The transmitter is by local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent and in running order other
The frequency spectrum distribution condition of neighboring receivers is sent to the neighboring receivers；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result, the number of data message to be sent
The frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation that amount and the frequency spectrum distribution condition of other in running order neighboring receivers obtain.
2. spectrum management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation includes: the hair
Machine is penetrated to send datagram to send datagram used data channel, the transmitter of the receiver to the receiver
At the beginning of text and the end time.
3. spectrum management method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
The transmitter sends datagram according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation to the neighboring receivers.
4. spectrum management method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the transmitter is determined according to frequency spectrum distribution
Plan sends datagram to the neighboring receivers, before, further includes:
The transmitter generates information of anti-collision according to the frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The information of anti-collision is broadcast to other neighboring receivers.
5. spectrum management method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the transmitter is determined according to frequency spectrum distribution
Plan sends datagram to the neighboring receivers, later, further includes:
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers and receives the response message sent after the data message.
6. spectrum management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitter receives the neighboring receivers
The frequency spectrum perception mode of transmission, and local frequency spectrum perception is carried out according to the frequency spectrum perception mode, comprising:
The frequency range of the transmitter perception is determined according to the frequency spectrum perception mode；
Based on the frequency range, using preset frequency spectrum perception neural network model to the received acoustical signal of the transmitter into
Row frequency spectrum perception distinguishes the acoustical signal of the underwater cognition acoustic network and the acoustical signal of other sound systems.
7. spectrum management method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the structure of the frequency spectrum perception neural network model
It builds and includes:
Obtain the received acoustical signal sample of transmitter；
Feature extraction is carried out to the acoustical signal sample, obtains characteristic；
The neural network model constructed in advance using the characteristic training in preset detecting period section, obtains frequency spectrum
Layered perception neural networks model.
8. spectrum management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the neighboring receivers are according to the local frequency
The frequency spectrum for composing sensing results, the quantity of data message to be sent and other in running order neighboring receivers distributes feelings
Condition obtains frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation, comprising:
Frequency spectrum is carried out according to preset objective function to divide to obtain frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation；
The objective function is as follows:
Wherein:
The bound for objective function are as follows:
If
In formula,Indicate data transmission of k-th of transmitter on nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment
Rate；Indicate power of k-th of transmitter in nth data channel in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment；Table
The relationship for showing nth data channel and k-th of transmitter in the frequency spectrum allocation matrix of t moment, when nth data channel distribution
When to k-th of transmitterWhen nth data channel is not allocated to k-th of transmitterN indicates receiver
What can be obtained is used for transmission the quantity of the data channel of data；K indicates the quantity of the transmitter adjacent with receiver；BnIt indicates
Bandwidth；λnkIt indicatesAverage value,It indicatesProbability-distribution function,Indicate in nth it is believed that
Transient channel response between k-th of transmitter and receiver on road；βnkIndicate preset k-th of transmitter in nth
It is believed that the outage probability on road；N0Indicate noise spectrum density；PkIndicate the power of the power supply of k-th of transmitter.
9. spectrum management method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the transmitter is determined according to frequency spectrum distribution
Plan generates information of anti-collision, comprising:
The information of anti-collision includes starting time and terminal time and channel information；
The channel information is that the transmitter sends datagram used data channel to the receiver；
The starting time is calculated as follows:
Ta=ta-t0-2τ1-(t1-t0')
In formula, TaIndicate starting time；taAt the beginning of indicating that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver；τ1
Indicate the propagation delay time between the transmitter and the receiver；t0Indicate that the receiver sends the spectrum allocation strategy
Time；t0' indicate that the transmitter receives the time of the spectrum allocation strategy；
The terminal time is calculated as follows:
Tb=Ta+tb-ta
In formula, TbIndicate terminal time；tbIndicate the end time that the transmitter sends datagram to the receiver.
10. a kind of spectrum management terminal of underwater cognition acoustic network, is applied to underwater cognition acoustic network, which is characterized in that
The underwater cognition acoustic network includes Receiver And Transmitter, and the spectrum management terminal includes processor, memory and total
Line；
The processor and memory are communicated by the bus；
The memory is stored with the spectrum management program of underwater cognition acoustic network；
The processor executes the program stored in the memory, to realize following step:
Transmitter receives the Handshake Protocol that adjacent receiver is sent, and establishes connection with the adjacent receiver；
The transmitter receives the frequency spectrum perception mode that the neighboring receivers are sent, and is carried out according to the frequency spectrum perception mode
Local frequency spectrum perception；
Local frequency spectrum perception result, the quantity of data message to be sent are sent to the neighboring receivers by the transmitter；
The transmitter receives the neighboring receivers according to the local frequency spectrum perception result and data message to be sent
The frequency spectrum Decision of Allocation that quantity obtains.
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