CN109039438A - A kind of optical fiber link detection system and method based on digital chirp signal - Google Patents
A kind of optical fiber link detection system and method based on digital chirp signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109039438A CN109039438A CN201810630173.XA CN201810630173A CN109039438A CN 109039438 A CN109039438 A CN 109039438A CN 201810630173 A CN201810630173 A CN 201810630173A CN 109039438 A CN109039438 A CN 109039438A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optical fiber link detection systems and method based on digital chirp signal, the system includes digital chirp signal generator, circulator and receiver, digital chirp signal generator is used to generate the detectable signal of digital chirp form of light pulses, and injected by circulator and be detected optical fiber, circulator receives by the reflected backscatter signals of the detected optical fiber and is input to receiver;Receiver extracts the detected fibre characteristic that the detectable signal carries from the backscatter signals.The present invention, using linear FM signal with the characteristic of fabulous energy accumulating in fractional number order Fourier, using digital chirp light pulse as detectable signal, the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges and noise are separated in backscatter signals, extract detected fibre characteristic, on the basis of not increasing cost, the dynamic range and measurement distance resolution of optical fiber link detection can be improved simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber communication, and in particular to a kind of optical fiber link based on digital chirp signal
Detection system and method.
Background technique
Optical time domain reflectometer (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, OTDR) is commonly used in field of telecommunications
A kind of instrument for measuring optic fibre characteristic, can measure optical fiber transmission loss, connector decaying, fiber lengths and in
The fibre characteristics such as breakpoint.Its working principle is that: a series of light pulse signal is injected as detectable signal to detected optical fiber,
The same side for injecting light pulse receives reflected backscatter signals, due to the light pulse letter being injected into detected optical fiber
Number, can be generated when encountering the medium of different refractivity Rayleigh scattering (Rayleigh scattering) and by be detected optical fiber it is anti-
It is emitted back towards and, therefore the characteristic of detected optical fiber can be obtained by analysis backscatter signals.Wherein: due to reflected
Backscatter signals are the functions of time, therefore the time is converted into the length of optical fiber by the refractive index of optical fiber.
Traditional optical time domain reflectometer, dynamic range and measurement distance resolution are conflicting.With fiber optic communication
Further development, optical fiber link transmission range and optical-fiber network composition complexity all greatly improve, optical fiber link transmission
The promotion of distance requires have big dynamic range, and the complexity of optical-fiber network composition, which is promoted, needs high measurement distance resolution again,
So traditional optical time domain reflectometer is unable to satisfy requirement when current optical communication network is safeguarded and detected.
A kind of method that Chinese invention patent CN102571200A discloses multi-frequency detecting-light coherent light time-domain reflectometer, it is described
Method includes: the multi-frequency optical of conitnuous forms to be modulated into synchronous multifrequency detecting optical pulses, and be injected into detected optical fiber;By institute
The multifrequency backscatter signals that the synchronization multifrequency detecting optical pulses stated generate in being detected optical fiber are concerned with local oscillator light, produce
Raw multiple intermediate-freuqncy signals;Multiple intermediate-freuqncy signals are handled, test result is obtained.The patent of invention introduces its scheme
The additional blind area generated because pulse is asynchronous is eliminated, dynamic range is improved, reduce decline noise and promotes measuring speed.
However in the program, multifrequency detecting optical pulses are spectrally realized, i.e., by doing phase-modulation or use to single-frequency light
The laser of different wave length, increases cost;In addition, the multifrequency detecting optical pulses (detectable signal) in the program are only in spectrum
It is upper to occupy different frequency band phases, when in frequency division multiplexing, pulse width is constant in the time domain.It is thus impossible to improve measurement simultaneously
Resolution ratio.Still it is unable to satisfy the demand of modern communication networks optical fiber link detection.
In view of this, it is desirable to provide a kind of novel optical time domain reflectometer for optical fiber link detection is not increasing cost
Under the premise of, the performance of optical time domain reflectometer is promoted, the dynamic range of measurement is improved, improves the resolution ratio of measurement distance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to existing optical time domain reflectometer cost is higher, dynamic range can not be solved
With the conflicting problem of Measurement Resolution.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, digital chirp signal is based on the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that providing
Optical fiber link detection system, comprising:
Digital chirp signal generator for generating digital chirp signal as detectable signal, and is converted to
Light pulse;
Circulator is detected optical fiber for injecting the light pulse, and will be reflected by the detected optical fiber
Backscatter signals are input to receiver;
The receiver isolates the digital chirp signal from the backscatter signals, and extracts it and take
The detected fibre characteristic of band.
In above system, the receiver utilizes Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm, will be described in different tuning ranges
Digital chirp signal and noise separate, and extract the digital chirp signal of different tuning ranges respectively, and from
In extract its carrying detected fibre characteristic.
In above system, the digital chirp signal generator includes:
Pulse laser, for generating pulsed optical signals;
Laser controller controls the pulse laser by periodic digital chirp electric signal and generates the smooth arteries and veins
Punching.
In above system, the cycle T of the digital chirp signal meetsWherein: c is in vacuum
The light velocity, L are the length for being detected optical fiber, and n is the mean refractive index for being detected optical fiber.
In above system, the receiver includes:
Signal receiving unit is reflected, for receiving the backscatter signals exported from the circulator, and is converted to
Digital signal;
Digital signal processing unit, will be different using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm for receiving the digital signal
The digital chirp signal of tuning range is separated with noise, extracts the digital linear of different tuning ranges respectively
FM signal, and be overlapped, extract the detected fibre characteristic of its carrying.
In above system, the reflection signal receiving unit includes:
Photodetector, for the backscatter signals to be converted to analog electrical signal;
Filtering and amplifying circuit, for being amplified to the analog electrical signal and filtering out partial noise;
Analog-digital converter, for the amplified analog electrical signal to be converted to digital electric signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of optical fiber link detection methods based on digital chirp signal, including following step
It is rapid:
It is injected using digital chirp signal as detectable signal and is detected optical fiber, and received by the detected optical fiber
Reflected backscatter signals;
The digital chirp signal is isolated from the backscatter signals, and extracts being detected for its carrying
Fibre characteristic.
In the above-mentioned methods, light pulse, note are generated by periodic digital chirp electric signal control pulse laser
Enter detected optical fiber.
In the above-mentioned methods, the cycle T of the digital chirp signal meetsWherein: c is in vacuum
The light velocity, L are the length for being detected optical fiber, and n is the mean refractive index for being detected optical fiber.
In the above-mentioned methods, using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm by the digital chirp of different tuning ranges
Signal is separated with noise, is extracted the digital chirp signal of different tuning ranges respectively, is then therefrom being extracted
Its detected fibre characteristic carried.
Compared with prior art, scheme provided by the invention is utilized using digital chirp signal as detectable signal
Linear FM signal has fabulous energy accumulating in fractional number order Fourier, and noise and NLFM signal are through excessive
The characteristic that energy accumulating will not occur after number rank Fourier transformation, will by Fourier Transform of Fractional Order in backscatter signals
The linear FM signal of different tuning ranges and noise separate, and extract the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges respectively, so
Afterwards in the detected fibre characteristic for therefrom extracting its carrying.Digital chirp signal can directly be produced by pulse laser
It is raw, additional optics and electronic equipment are not needed, therefore not will increase equipment cost.
In addition, due to being determined in the present solution, measuring distance resolution by the swept frequency range of linear FM signal, and and pulse
Width is not related.One thus can be sent and realize big dynamic range than wider pulse, and can be swept by improving
Frequency range improves distance resolution.To overcome traditional optical time domain reflectometer, dynamic range and measurement distance resolution
Conflicting problem can improve the dynamic range and measurement distance resolution of optical fiber link detection simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber link detecting system schematic diagram provided by the invention based on digital chirp signal;
Fig. 2 is the time-domain diagram of linear frequency modulation electric signal;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that signal receiving unit is reflected in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the optical fiber link detection method flow chart provided by the invention based on digital chirp signal;
Fig. 5 is distribution schematic diagram of the unlike signal after digital signal processing algorithm in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is that the score field of fractional order Fourier variation of the digital chirp signal under different rank in the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of optical fiber link detection systems and method based on digital chirp signal, using number
Linear frequency modulation light pulse can improve the dynamic of optical fiber link detection under the premise of not increasing any cost as detectable signal
State range and resolution ratio.The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
Realization principle of the invention is:
Linear FM signal has fabulous energy accumulating in fractional number order Fourier, and noise and nonlinear frequency modulation are believed
Number it will not assemble after Fourier Transform of Fractional Order, therefore can be using digital chirp signal as detectable signal
Injecting detected optical fiber will not by digital signal processing algorithm from the reflected backscatter signals of detected optical fiber
Linear FM signal and noise with tuning range separate, and extract the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges respectively, then
In the detected fibre characteristic for therefrom extracting its carrying, so as to the pulse width by adjusting linear FM signal and sweep
Frequency range, while improving the dynamic range and measurement distance resolution of optical fiber link detection.
Optical fiber link detection method provided by the invention based on digital chirp signal, the reality of basic technical scheme
Now mainly comprise the steps that
It is injected using digital chirp signal as detectable signal and is detected optical fiber, and received by the detected optical fiber
Reflected backscatter signals;
The digital chirp signal is isolated from the backscatter signals, and extracts being detected for its carrying
Fibre characteristic.
The present invention program, since the measurement distance resolution of detection is determined by the swept frequency range of linear frequency modulation light pulse, with
Pulse width is not related.Therefore, it is possible to realize big dynamic range than wider pulse by sending one, and by mentioning
High swept frequency range improves distance resolution.To solve traditional optical time domain reflectometer, dynamic range and measurement distance point
The conflicting problem of resolution.
Specifically, the optical fiber link detection system provided by the invention based on digital chirp signal, comprising:
Digital chirp signal generator for generating digital chirp signal as detectable signal, and is converted to
Light pulse;
Circulator is detected optical fiber for injecting the light pulse, and will be reflected by the detected optical fiber
Backscatter signals are input to receiver;
Receiver isolates the digital chirp signal from the backscatter signals, and extracts its carrying
It is detected fibre characteristic.
In order to make more clearly explanation and illustration to technical solution of the present invention and implementation, realization introduced below is originally
Several preferred specific embodiments of inventive technique scheme.Obviously, specific embodiment discussed below is only of the invention one
Section Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 1, the optical fiber link detection system based on digital chirp signal that the specific embodiment of the invention 1 provides
System, including digital chirp signal generator 10, circulator 20 and receiver 30.
Digital chirp signal generator 10 is converted to for generating digital chirp signal as detectable signal
Light pulse is injected into detected optical fiber 40.In this specific embodiment, digital chirp signal generator 10 is by pulse laser
11 and laser controller 12 form.Pulse laser 11 is utilized and is produced by FPGA for generating pulsed optical signals, laser controller 12
Raw periodic digital chirp electric signal generates corresponding light pulse by driver control pulse laser 11, and by
Circulator 20 is injected into detected optical fiber 40 (transmission fiber).
Light pulse is injected into detected optical fiber 40 by 20 one side of circulator, is on the other hand received simultaneously by detected light
The backscatter signals of fine reflected detectable signal, and be input in receiver 30.
After receiver 30 receives the backscatter signals inputted by circulator 20, backscatter signals are digitized
Processing, therefrom extracts detected fibre characteristic entrained by detectable signal, as the transmission loss of optical fiber, connector are decayed, light
The fibre characteristics such as fine length and the point of interruption.
In the present invention, detectable signal is digital chirp signal, in order to realize fiber laser arrays, by digital chirp electricity
Signal controls pulse laser and generates corresponding light pulse signal, by being detected the reflected light pulse signal of optical fiber, is connecing
It receives in device and digital chirp signal is reduced to by photodetector, and the digital chirp signal is carried out at analysis
Reason.That is, what is transmitted in a fiber is light pulse signal, and receiver carries out at fractional order Fourier in the present invention program
Reason is digital chirp signal.
In this specific embodiment, laser controller 12 can be realized by single-chip microcontroller or FPGA, such as altera corp
Fpga chip Cyclone V etc..
The period of digital chirp signal is T, because cycle T will receive the limitation of detected fiber lengths, week
Phase T should meetWherein: c is the light velocity in vacuum, and L is the length for being detected optical fiber, and n is to be detected being averaged for optical fiber
Refractive index.
Circulator 3 can use the optical circulator of C+L wave band, such as the circulator CIR-3-1550-A- of the fast science and technology production of light
025-1-APC etc..
Compared with prior art, scheme provided by the invention, the distance resolution of fiber laser arrays is by linear FM signal
Swept frequency range determines, and not related with pulse width, thus can be realized by sending one than wider pulse big
Dynamic range, while distance resolution can be improved by improving swept frequency range again, solve traditional optical time domain reflectometer,
Dynamic range and measurement distance resolution are conflicting problems.
Also, digital chirp signal can control pulse laser by laser controller by linear frequency modulation electric signal
Device directly generates, i.e., is directly generated using directly modulated lasers, do not need additional optics and electronic equipment, therefore not will increase and set
Standby cost.
The mathematic(al) representation of digital chirp electric signal s (t) are as follows:
S (t)=Arect (t/T0)sign(cos(2π(f0t+μt2/2)))。
Wherein, A is the impulse amplitude of linear frequency modulation electric signal, and rect is rectangular window function, and t is linear frequency modulation electric signal
Time independent variable, T0For the length of linear frequency modulation electric signal, sign is to take discrete function, indicates to obtain number by the function
Signal, f0For the centre frequency of linear frequency modulation electric signal, μ is the chirp rate of linear frequency modulation electric signal.As shown in Fig. 2, being line
The time-domain diagram of property frequency modulation electric signal.
Specific embodiment 2.
In the specific embodiment of the invention 2, receiver 30 includes reflection signal receiving unit 31 and digital signal processing unit
32.Reflection signal receiving unit 31 is used to receive the backscatter signals exported from circulator 20, and is converted to digital signal biography
It is defeated by digital signal processing unit 32.Digital signal processing unit 32 is used to receive the number that reflection signal receiving unit 31 exports
Signal, and the fibre characteristic of the detected optical fiber carried in linear FM signal is extracted from the digital signal.
Further, digital signal processing unit 32 utilizes Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm, by different tuning ranges
Linear FM signal and noise separate, and extract the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges respectively, and be overlapped, and output is visited
The curvilinear path of signal is surveyed as output as a result, to obtain the detected fibre characteristic of detectable signal carrying.
In this specific embodiment, reflection signal receiving unit 31 can be realized using avalanche photodide (APD), such as
The avalanche photodide APD110C of Thorlabs company production.Digital signal processing unit 32 can be using at digital signal
It manages (DSP) chip to realize, the dsp chip TMSC6657 produced such as TI company.
Specific embodiment 3.
As shown in figure 3, reflection signal receiving unit 31 includes photodetector 311, filtering and amplifying circuit 312 and simulation number
Word converter 313, photodetector 311 are used to the backscatter signals from circulator 20 being converted to analog electrical signal, put
Big filter circuit 312 filters out a part of noise for amplifying to the analog electrical signal that photodetector 311 exports, and simulates number
Word converter 313 is used to analog electrical signal being converted to digital electric signal, to carry out subsequent Digital Signal Processing.To realize
Conversion of the photosignal to digital signal, and a part of noise has been filtered out, improve signal quality.
Specific embodiment 4.
The major function of digital signal processing unit 32 is that detectable signal (digital linear is isolated from backscatter signals
FM signal), and the fibre characteristic of its carrying is extracted, cardinal principle is will not the people having the same aspiration and interest using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm
The linear FM signal of frequency range and noise separate, and extract the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges respectively, then from
In extract its carrying detected fibre characteristic.Therefore, digital signal processing unit 42 is equipped with a fractional order Fourier
Algoritic module is converted, by the acquisition signal x (t) after digitlization, i.e. backscatter signals, by Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm
Obtain detective curve X (t), thus by X (t) obtain optical fiber at the decaying of distance, the length of optical fiber, weld, switching, it is disconnected
The fibre characteristics such as point.
Because being injected into the light pulse signal in detected optical fiber, difference can be generated when encountering the medium of different refractivity
Rayleigh scattering, therefore, can intuitively show optical fiber with the attenuation of distance, also, at weld, switching,
The refractive index in the places such as breakpoint, optical fiber can be substantially change, be reflected on detective curve can show it is different from normal optical fiber
Strength Changes.In addition, detective curve X (t) is the function about the time, growth can will be converted the time by the refractive index of optical fiber
Degree, thus position weld, at switching, the position of breakpoint, the length of optical fiber can also be calculated.
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm in digital signal processing unit 42 is as follows:
Wherein, X (t) is the signal after Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform, and j is imaginary unit, and t is time independent variable, exp
It is using natural constant e as the exponential function at bottom, cot is cotangent,And α ≠ k π, k are integer, p is fractional order Fu
In leaf transformation order, x (t) is the acquisition signal that receives of signal receiving unit, and rect is rectangular window function, rect*It indicates
The conjugation of rectangular window function, T1Indicate the length of rectangular window function, u is the horizontal axis independent variable of transform domain (fractional order transform domain), τ
It is integration variable.
Specific embodiment 5.
In the present invention program, the testing result exported after Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is a reflection fibre characteristic
Detective curve can know some characteristics of optical fiber according to the detective curve, such as be lost, connector decaying, fiber lengths and
Point of interruption etc..
Because each digital chirp light pulse be to the detective curve of the same detected optical fiber it is the same,
The testing result of the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges is superimposed by the present invention program, is equivalent to and is tied to multiple detections
Fruit is averaged, and so as to further force down noise, improves the precision of testing result.
Based on above optical fiber link detection system, the present invention also provides a kind of light based on digital chirp signal
Fine chain circuit detecting method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step S1: laser controller utilizes periodic digital chirp electric signal, and control pulse laser generates phase
The light pulse signal answered, and injected by circulator and be detected optical fiber;
Step S2: circulator real-time reception is transmitted to reflection letter by being detected the reflected backscatter signals of optical fiber
Number receiving unit;
Step S3: the backscatter signals received are converted to digital signal by reflection signal receiving unit;
Step S4: isolating digital chirp signal, and extracts the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges respectively,
Then in the detected fibre characteristic for therefrom extracting its carrying;
Step S5: the testing result of the linear FM signal of different tuning ranges is overlapped, and output detectable signal is bent
Line is as output result.
If Fig. 5 is distribution schematic diagram of the unlike signal after digital signal processing algorithm in the present invention, wherein horizontal axis is
The independent variable in fractional order domain, the longitudinal axis indicate the relative value of unlike signal energy.As seen in Figure 5, linear FM signal
Energy accumulating is in the very narrow range, and then approaches uniformity is distributed in the range of entire independent variable the energy of noise, thus
Show that linear FM signal has energy accumulating characteristic in fractional number order Fourier, therefore, if linear FM signal is total
Energy is identical as the gross energy of noise, then peak value of the linear FM signal in the transform domain will be far longer than noise peak
Value, helps to rapidly and accurately extract linear FM signal from noise in this way, fibre characteristic letter that is close and obtaining its carrying
Breath.
Fig. 6 is that the score field of fractional order Fourier variation of the digital chirp signal under different rank in the present invention is shown
It is intended to, each rank is symmetrical.It is decomposed similar to the Fourier space of square-wave signal, digital chirp signal can resolve into not
With the superposition of the linear FM signal of tuning range, and with the increase of tuning range, signal component gradually dies down.
The present invention is using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order (generalized Fourier transform), and specific order p is by linear frequency modulation
Signal deciding, i.e. ,-(cot α)=2 π μ, α=p pi/2, p are order, and μ is the chirp rate of linear FM signal.Such as p=1,3,
5 ..., it corresponding to digital chirp signal decomposition at tuning range is respectively one times, three times, five times ... of simulation linear frequency modulation
Signal, with the promotion of FM signal frequency, one times, three times, five times of simulation linear FM signals of digital chirp signal
Intensity also gradually weaken.
The invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, and anyone should learn that is made under the inspiration of the present invention
Structure change, the technical schemes that are same or similar to the present invention are fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optical fiber link detection system based on digital chirp signal characterized by comprising
Digital chirp signal generator for generating digital chirp signal as detectable signal, and is converted to light arteries and veins
Punching;
Circulator is detected optical fiber for injecting the light pulse, and will be reflected backwards by the detected optical fiber
Scattered signal is input to receiver;
The receiver isolates the digital chirp signal from the backscatter signals, and extracts its carrying
It is detected fibre characteristic.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the receiver utilizes Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm,
The digital chirp signal of different tuning ranges is separated with noise, extracts the number of different tuning ranges respectively
Word linear FM signal, and therefrom extract the detected fibre characteristic of its carrying.
3. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the digital chirp signal generator includes:
Pulse laser, for generating pulsed optical signals;
Laser controller controls the pulse laser by periodic digital chirp electric signal and generates the light pulse.
4. system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cycle T of the digital chirp signal meets
Wherein: c is the light velocity in vacuum, and L is the length for being detected optical fiber, and n is the mean refractive index for being detected optical fiber.
5. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the receiver includes:
Signal receiving unit is reflected, for receiving the backscatter signals exported from the circulator, and is converted to number
Signal;
Digital signal processing unit, for receiving the digital signal, using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm, by different frequency modulation
The digital chirp signal of range is separated with noise, extracts the digital chirp of different tuning ranges respectively
Signal, and be overlapped, extract the detected fibre characteristic of its carrying.
6. system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the reflection signal receiving unit includes:
Photodetector, for the backscatter signals to be converted to analog electrical signal;
Filtering and amplifying circuit, for being amplified to the analog electrical signal and filtering out partial noise;
Analog-digital converter, for the amplified analog electrical signal to be converted to digital electric signal.
7. a kind of optical fiber link detection method based on digital chirp signal, which comprises the following steps:
It is injected using digital chirp signal as detectable signal and is detected optical fiber, and received by the detected fiber reflection
Backscatter signals back;
The digital chirp signal is isolated from the backscatter signals, and extracts the detected optical fiber of its carrying
Feature.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that controlling pulse by periodic digital chirp electric signal
Laser generates light pulse, injects and is detected optical fiber.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the cycle T of the digital chirp signal meets
Wherein: c is the light velocity in vacuum, and L is the length for being detected optical fiber, and n is the mean refractive index for being detected optical fiber.
10. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order algorithm by different frequency modulation
The digital chirp signal of range is separated with noise, extracts the digital chirp of different tuning ranges respectively
Signal, then in the detected fibre characteristic for therefrom extracting its carrying.
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