CN109037942B - Measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial - Google Patents
Measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial Download PDFInfo
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- CN109037942B CN109037942B CN201810921602.9A CN201810921602A CN109037942B CN 109037942 B CN109037942 B CN 109037942B CN 201810921602 A CN201810921602 A CN 201810921602A CN 109037942 B CN109037942 B CN 109037942B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement GNSS antenna based on medium burial, which comprises a first medium layer, a plurality of feed points and a second medium layer. The first dielectric layer comprises an upper surface and a lower surface which are oppositely arranged, the upper surface is provided with a first radiation unit and a plurality of tuning units, the tuning units are arranged at intervals, and the lower surface is provided with a second radiation unit; the feed points extend from the upper surface of the first dielectric layer to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer and are used for realizing the coupling connection between the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit; the second dielectric layer is connected with the first dielectric layer and is used for burying the first radiation unit, the tuning unit and/or the second radiation unit. The GNSS antenna provided by the invention can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, reduce the section of the antenna, improve the concealment and firmness of the antenna, effectively improve the anti-interference capability of the antenna, protect the antenna and prolong the service life of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of satellite navigation antennas, in particular to a measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial.
Background
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) refers to global navigation satellite systems including the U.S. global positioning system (Global Positioning System, GPS), russian Glonass (Global Navigation Satellite System, glonass), european Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo Satellite Navigation System, galileo) and chinese beidou satellite navigation system. GNSS can provide a time/space reference and all real-time dynamic information related to position. The GNSS antenna is an antenna for receiving satellite signals, and the positioning accuracy of GNSS is mainly determined by the accuracy of the antenna, and the accuracy study of GNSS antenna is always a very important and continuous research direction for students and enterprises in the field of antennas.
Currently, research on GNSS antennas mainly includes the following directions: (1) how to improve the wide-angle axial ratio and gain bandwidth of the antenna so as to simultaneously meet the requirements of four navigation systems; (2) how to design the antenna so that the antenna has the characteristics of low section, light weight, small size and the like, so as to be suitable for different products; (3) how to enable the antenna to receive signals over a wide angular range and to maintain a stable phase center for more accurate positioning.
Based on the above research direction, a very large number of GNSS antennas are emerging in the market, and at present, most of the GNSS antennas in the market adopt a dual-dielectric stacked structure, mainly by respectively arranging metal layers on a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, and then connecting the metal layers of the first dielectric layer with the metal layers of the second dielectric layer. Although this dual dielectric stack approach can achieve a wider gain bandwidth, the antenna profile is higher, weight is heavier, and antenna size is larger resulting in higher design costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention discloses a measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial, which can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, reduce the section of the antenna, improve the concealment and firmness of the antenna and effectively improve the anti-interference capability of the antenna.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a measurement GNSS antenna based on medium burial, which comprises a first medium layer, a plurality of feed points and a second medium layer. The first dielectric layer comprises an upper surface and a lower surface which are oppositely arranged, the upper surface is provided with a first radiation unit and a plurality of tuning units, the tuning units are arranged at intervals, and the lower surface is provided with a second radiation unit; the feed points extend from the upper surface of the first dielectric layer to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer and are used for realizing the coupling connection of the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit; the second dielectric layer is connected with the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer is used for burying the first radiation unit, the tuning unit and/or the second radiation unit.
In an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the second dielectric layer is a single-layer dielectric, and is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer, so as to embed the second radiation unit; or alternatively
The second dielectric layer is a single-layer dielectric and is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer and used for embedding the first radiation unit and the tuning unit; or alternatively
The second dielectric layer is a double-layer dielectric and comprises a first layer of second dielectric layer and a second layer of second dielectric layer, wherein the first layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer and is used for burying the first radiating unit and the tuning unit, and the second layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer and is used for burying the second radiating unit.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first radiating unit includes a first circular radiating patch and four first rectangular branches, where the first circular radiating patch is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and a center of the first circular radiating patch coincides with a center of the upper surface, the four first rectangular branches are arranged in an annular shape along a center of the first circular radiating patch, and each first rectangular branch is fixedly connected with the first circular radiating patch.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of tuning units are arranged in an annular arrangement along a center of the upper surface, and the tuning units are disposed on an outer side of the first circular radiation patch of the first radiation unit, where the tuning units include a circular arc patch and an elliptical arc patch connected to the circular arc patch.
As an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the second radiation unit includes a second circular radiation patch and four second rectangular branches, the second circular radiation patch is printed on the lower surface, and a center of the second circular radiation patch coincides with a center of the lower surface, and a projection area of the second circular radiation patch on the lower surface is larger than a projection area of the first circular radiation patch on the lower surface;
the four second rectangular branches are arranged in an annular mode along the center of the second circular radiation patch, and each second rectangular branch is fixedly connected with the second circular radiation patch.
In an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of feeding points are arranged in an annular arrangement along a center of the upper surface, and a phase difference is formed between two adjacent feeding points.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, four feeding points are provided, four circular holes penetrating to the lower surface are provided on the upper surface, and each feeding point is respectively provided in the corresponding circular hole.
In an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface is further provided with a second through hole penetrating to the lower surface and a plurality of short-circuit holes, a center of the second through hole coincides with a center of the upper surface, the plurality of short-circuit holes are annularly arranged along a center of the second through hole and are disposed at an outer periphery of the second through hole, the short-circuit holes are metallized holes, and the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are connected through the second through hole and the plurality of short-circuit holes.
As an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of choke teeth which are level with the height of the second dielectric layer and distributed in a ring shape are disposed on a side surface of the second dielectric layer.
In an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a surface of the second dielectric layer away from the first dielectric layer is used for being connected with a PCB board of a GNSS antenna, and a metal shielding cover is disposed on a surface of the PCB board away from the second dielectric layer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper surface of a first dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower surface of a first dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an S11 graph of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a passive pattern of the antenna at 1.164GHz, 1.227GHz, 1.278GHz provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a passive pattern of an antenna at 1.525GHz, 1.575ghz,1.612GHz provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing comparison of axial ratio curves of four-point feed and eight-point feed at 1.227GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of four-point feed and eight-point feed at 1.575GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of choke teeth and non-choke teeth at 1.227GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of choked teeth and ungraded teeth at 1.575GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial, which can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, reduce the section of the antenna, improve the concealment and firmness of the antenna and effectively improve the anti-interference capability of the antenna.
A detailed description of a measurement-type GNSS antenna based on medium burial according to an embodiment of the present invention will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the antenna includes a first dielectric layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, and a plurality of feeding points 3. The first dielectric layer 1 comprises an upper surface and a lower surface which are oppositely arranged, the upper surface is provided with a first radiation unit 11 and a plurality of tuning units 12, the tuning units are arranged at intervals, and the lower surface is provided with a second radiation unit 13. A plurality of feed points 3 extend from the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1 for realizing a coupling connection of the first radiating element 11 and the second radiating element 13. The second dielectric layer 2 is connected to the first dielectric layer 1, and the second dielectric layer 2 is used for embedding the first radiating element 11, the tuning element 12 and/or the second radiating element 13.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve miniaturization of the antenna, enhance concealment of the antenna, and optimize performance of the antenna, and simultaneously achieve the purposes of protecting the antenna and prolonging service life of the antenna, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the second dielectric layer 2 to achieve burying of the first radiating unit 11, the tuning unit 12, and the second radiating unit 13 on the first dielectric layer 1.
Specifically, as an alternative embodiment, the second dielectric layer 2 may be a single-layer dielectric, and the second dielectric layer 2 is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1, for embedding the second radiation unit 13. At this time, the second dielectric layer 2 buries only the second radiating element 13 on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1, so that the size of the antenna can be reduced to some extent.
As another alternative embodiment, the second dielectric layer 2 is a single-layer dielectric, and the second dielectric layer 2 is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, so as to embed the first radiating unit 11 and the tuning unit 12. Then the second dielectric layer 2 simultaneously buries the first radiating element 11 and the tuning element 12 on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, while the second radiating element 13 is exposed.
As yet another alternative embodiment, the second dielectric layer 2 is a dual-layer dielectric, and includes a first layer of second dielectric layer and a second layer of second dielectric layer, where the first layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 and is used for embedding the first radiating element 11 and the tuning element 12, and the second layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1 and is used for embedding the second radiating element 13. At this time, both the first radiating element 11 and the tuning element 12 on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second radiating element 13 on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1 can be buried in the second dielectric layer 2, and at this time, the first radiating element 11, the second radiating element 13 and the tuning element 12 on the antenna can be fully protected.
Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 are both single-layer dielectrics, and the second dielectric layer 2 is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1, for example, to embed the second radiation unit 13.
It should be appreciated that in general, the medium of the present invention may be a low dielectric constant material or a high dielectric constant material. The material of the medium can be flexibly selected in consideration of cost and design requirements at the time of design. Specifically, since the second dielectric layer 2 is a buried dielectric, the dielectric constant, thickness, and tangent of the loss angle of the material of the second dielectric layer 2 all have a certain influence on the performance of the antenna. Preferably, considering the gain design index of the antenna, the second dielectric layer 2 is designed by adopting a material with a relatively small dielectric loss tangent value, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 2 can be flexibly designed by selecting other dielectric constants according to the design cost and the actual requirement of the antenna design index. The thickness of the first dielectric layer 1 is generally considered according to the bandwidth, design cost and practical design requirement of the antenna.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 may be made of a low-dielectric constant, low-loss high-frequency material. For example, the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 may each be made of an air dielectric or a ceramic dielectric. Preferably, the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 are made of a plate FP0 having a dielectric constant of 2.65.
The first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 are made of materials with low dielectric constants, so that the radiation conductance of the GNSS antenna can be increased, the Q value is reduced, and the bandwidth of the GNSS antenna can be expanded.
Further, the cross-sectional shapes of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 are circular or polygonal (e.g., quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.). And preferably, the cross-sectional shapes of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2 are all circular, and the cross-sectional area of the second dielectric layer 2 is larger than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the first dielectric layer 1, so as to embed the first radiating unit 11, the tuning unit 12 and/or the second radiating unit 13 on the first dielectric layer 1 by the second dielectric layer 2.
In the present embodiment, the first radiating element 11 is a high-frequency radiating element (hereinafter, a high-frequency radiating element is used for the first radiating element), and the second radiating element 13 is a low-frequency radiating element (hereinafter, a low-frequency radiating element is used for the second radiating element).
In this embodiment, the total thickness of the antenna of the present invention is about 10mm, the radius is about 45mm, in this case, when the low-frequency gain of the antenna is above 5dBi, the frequency range of the low-frequency radiating unit 13 of the present embodiment is about 1.164GHz-1.278GHz, and when the high-frequency gain of the antenna is above 5.5dBi, the frequency range of the high-frequency radiating unit 11 is about 1.525GHz-1.612GHz.
Generally, if the thickness, size, or material of lower loss of the antenna of the present invention is changed, the gain range of the antenna is changed, and the frequency ranges of the high frequency radiating element 11 and the low frequency radiating element 13 are also changed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the first dielectric layer 1 is circular, the high-frequency radiating unit 11 includes a first circular radiating patch 111 and four first rectangular branches 112, the first circular radiating patch 111 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, the center of the first circular radiating patch 111 coincides with the center of the upper surface, the four first rectangular branches 112 are annularly arranged along the center of the first circular radiating patch 111, and each first rectangular branch 112 is fixedly connected with the first circular radiating patch 111. Specifically, the diameter of the first circular radiating patch 112 is smaller than that of the first dielectric layer 1, when four first rectangular branches 112 are connected to the first circular radiating patch 111, they extend outwards along the connection with the first circular radiating patch 111, and the length and width of the outwards extending first rectangular branches 112 are adjustable, so that the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 11 can be adjusted. It should be noted that the length of the first rectangular branch 112 extending outward cannot exceed the first dielectric layer 1.
Further, the tuning units 12 are arranged in an annular arrangement along the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, and the tuning units 12 are arranged outside the first circular radiation patch 111 of the high-frequency radiation unit 11, and the tuning units 12 include a circular arc patch 121 and an elliptical arc patch 122 connected with the circular arc patch 121. Specifically, the number of tuning units 12 is four, the four tuning units 12 are arranged in an annular arrangement along the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 11, and each tuning unit 12 is located between two adjacent first rectangular branches 112.
The tuning unit 12 formed by combining the circular arc patch 121 and the elliptical arc patch 122 is beneficial to optimizing the impedance matching of the antenna, and meanwhile, the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna at a low elevation angle can be optimized to a certain extent, so that the antenna has the characteristic of wide angle axial ratio. In addition, the tuning unit 12 formed by the circular arc patch 121 and the elliptical arc patch 122 can improve the low elevation gain value of the antenna to a certain extent, so that the tracking and star searching capability of the system in low elevation angle can be improved. And, the adoption of the arc-shaped tuning unit is equivalent to the extension of the current path, so that the purpose of miniaturization of the antenna can be achieved.
In addition, since the present invention adopts the mode of combining the circular arc patch 121 and the elliptical arc patch 122 to form the tuning unit 12, the cross section of the antenna can be effectively reduced, so that the present invention has a cross section height similar to that of a single dielectric layer in spite of the dual-layer dielectric mode of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2.
Furthermore, in order to realize the connection between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2, a fixing hole 123 is provided on each tuning unit 12, the fixing hole 123 is provided between the circular arc patch 121 and the elliptical arc patch 122 of the tuning unit 12, the fixing hole 123 penetrates through the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the PCB board 4 connected to the second dielectric layer, and then the welding needle (not shown) penetrates through the fixing hole 123 to fixedly connect the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the PCB board 4 to realize the fixed connection between the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the PCB board 4. Specifically, the fixing hole 123 is a circular hole, and in order to prevent interference, the fixing hole 123 is made of a non-metal material.
The mode of fixedly connecting the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the PCB 4 is realized by arranging the fixing holes 123 on the tuning unit 12, so that the antenna can be fixed, and meanwhile, the reliability and the firmness of the antenna can be improved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, in the present embodiment, the low-frequency radiating unit 13 includes a second circular radiating patch 131 and four second rectangular branches 132, the second circular radiating patch 131 is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1, and the center of the second circular radiating patch 131 coincides with the center of the lower surface, and the projection area of the second circular radiating patch 131 on the lower surface is larger than the projection area of the first circular radiating patch 111 on the lower surface; the four second rectangular branches 132 are arranged in a ring along the center of the second circular radiating patch 131, and each second rectangular branch 132 is fixedly connected with the second circular radiating patch 131. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the low frequency radiating element 13 may be a non-circular radiating patch, and may be a polygonal radiating patch such as an oval, square or hexagon.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 5 again, in the present embodiment, the feeding points 3 are arranged in a ring shape along the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, and a phase difference is formed between two adjacent feeding points 3. Preferably, the number of the feeding points 3 is four, the four feeding points 3 are arranged in a ring shape along the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, and the distance between the feeding points 3 and the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 can be adjusted. And the phases of the four feeding points 3 are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° in sequence, the phase difference between two adjacent feeding points is 90 °.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, when the antenna is at 1.227GHz, the axial ratio of the four-point feed technology is not greatly different from the axial ratio of the eight-point feed technology, so that the four-point feed technology of the invention can be used for realizing the coupling of the high-frequency radiating unit 11 and the low-frequency radiating unit 13 by sequentially 90 degrees of phase difference between the feed points, and the bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively expanded by using a feed mode of feeding high-frequency coupling low frequency, and higher gain can be obtained. Meanwhile, the four-point feed technology is adopted, so that the problems that the traditional eight-point feed technology is relatively complex in processing and high in manufacturing cost can be effectively solved. The four-point feed is mainly characterized in that the high-frequency and low-frequency combination can be completed only by using three 3dB bridges, and the eight-point feed can be completed by using six 3dB bridges. Therefore, by adopting the four-point feeding technology, the complexity and cost of production and manufacture are reduced, a certain space is provided for the layout of the circuit board, and the layout of the circuit is facilitated. In addition, by the four-point feeding technology, the high-frequency radiation patch and the low-frequency radiation patch can be independently controlled, and the debugging and the control of the yield of mass production products are facilitated, so that the purposes of better performance, simple production and manufacturing process and miniaturization of the products are achieved.
Further, since the antenna of the present invention adopts a mode of feeding high frequency to couple low frequency, a circular hole 31 is provided for the purpose of coupling energy from the high frequency radiating element 11 to the low frequency radiating element 13 by coupling. Four circular holes 31 penetrating to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1 are formed in the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, and each feeding point 3 is respectively arranged in the corresponding circular hole 31. Specifically, the circular hole 31 is a nonmetallic hole, and the distance from the center of the circular hole 31 to the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 can be adjusted according to the bandwidth and gain of the antenna.
In this embodiment, the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 is further provided with a second through hole 14 penetrating to the lower surface thereof and a plurality of short-circuit holes 15, the center of the second through hole 14 coincides with the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1, the plurality of short-circuit holes 15 are annularly arranged along the center of the second through hole 14 and are arranged at the periphery of the second through hole 14, the short-circuit holes 15 are metallized holes, and the high-frequency radiating units 11 and 13 are connected through the second through hole 14 and the plurality of short-circuit holes 15. Specifically, the second through hole 14 is a metallized through hole or a non-metallized through hole, and the second through hole 14 and the plurality of short circuit holes 15 are used to connect the high-frequency radiation units and the low-frequency radiation units on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 1, which is beneficial to optimizing impedance matching. In addition, the second through hole 14 can also support the requirements of the expansion design of Bluetooth, wifi and radio station antennas, and the second through hole 14 is only arranged in the first dielectric layer 1.
Further, the shorting holes 15 are metallized vias, preferably eight, and the size of the shorting holes 15 is generally greater than or equal to the size of the feed point 3. The short-circuit hole 15 is arranged to counteract parasitic inductance caused by overlong metal probe (not shown), which is beneficial to resonance; on the other hand, in order to reduce the number of metal probes, the number of subsequent production welding of the product is reduced. It should be noted that the short-circuit hole 15 only penetrates through the first dielectric layer 1, and is used for connecting the high-frequency radiating unit 11 and the low-frequency radiating unit 13, which is also beneficial to the layout of the subsequent active circuits, is beneficial to reducing the design cost of the antenna, and also solves the problem that the uniformity of the product performance is affected due to inconsistent welding caused by too many metal probes. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the number of shorting holes 15 may also be adjusted according to the bandwidth, gain, etc. of the antenna.
Further, it should be noted that the shorting hole 15 should be located in the vicinity of the feeding point 3, in particular inside the feeding point 3, i.e. the linear distance from the center of the shorting hole 15 to the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 should be smaller than the linear distance from the center of the feeding point 3 to the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1. This is because, in this position, the short-circuit hole 15 has a good effect of eliminating the inductance characteristic of the feeding point 3, and can simultaneously achieve both the bandwidth and the gain on both sides of the antenna.
Referring to fig. 1, 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, a non-metallized via 22 concentric with and having a constant diameter with the second via is disposed in the second dielectric layer 2.
Further, the side surface of the second dielectric layer 2 is provided with a plurality of choke teeth 21 which are level with the height of the second dielectric layer 2 and distributed in a ring shape. Specifically, the choke teeth 21 are equidistantly distributed on the side surface of the second dielectric layer 2, and the choke teeth 21 and the tuning units 12 located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 1 cooperate to form tuning, so that the miniaturization effect of the antenna is more obvious.
In addition, by adopting the arrangement of the choke teeth 21, the multipath effect of the antenna is more obvious, the anti-interference capability of the system is better, the current path on the surface of the outer patch can be prolonged, and the purpose of miniaturization of the low-frequency antenna is realized. Therefore, the design of the choke teeth 21 and the design of the circular arc patch 121 and the elliptical arc patch 122 are combined with the tuning unit 12, so that the section of the antenna can be effectively reduced, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 again, in this embodiment, the surface of the second dielectric layer 2 away from the first dielectric layer 1 is used for being connected with the PCB 4 of the GNSS antenna, and a metal shielding cover 5 is disposed on the surface of the PCB 4 away from the second dielectric layer, so that interference caused by other signals to the antenna is reduced to a certain extent.
Specifically, the PCB 4 adopts a processing technology of double-sided copper coating, so that the space of the PCB 4 can be well utilized, the design cost of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, and in addition, the problems of high section, heavy weight and the like caused by the design of the traditional laminated combined antenna are solved by adopting the technology of double-sided copper coating.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is an S11 graph of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that a GNSS antenna adopting the embodiment of the present invention exhibits dual-band characteristics. Wherein the bandwidth of the low frequency is slightly wider than that of the high frequency, the bandwidth range covered by the low frequency is 1.164GHz-1.278GHz, and the bandwidth range covered by the high frequency is 1.525GHz-1.612GHz.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 (a) is a passive pattern of the antenna at 1.164GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 9 (b) is a passive pattern of the antenna at 1.227GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 (c) is a passive pattern of the antenna at 1.278GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 9 (a), 9 (b) and 9 (c), a curve S1 represents a main polarization pattern, and a curve S2 represents a cross polarization pattern. As can be seen from fig. 9 (b), the passive gain of the antenna can reach 7.09dBi; as can be seen from fig. 9 (a) and 9 (c), the gain at both sides within the antenna bandwidth can reach more than 5 dBi.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 (a) is a passive pattern of an antenna at 1.525GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 (b) is a passive pattern of an antenna at 1.575GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10 (c) is a passive pattern of an antenna at 1.612GHz provided by the embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 10 (a), 10 (b) and 10 (c), a curve S1 represents a main polarization pattern, and a curve S2 represents a cross polarization pattern. As can be seen from fig. 10 (b), the passive gain of the antenna can reach 7.8dBi, while as can be seen from fig. 10 (a) and fig. 10 (c), the gain on both sides of the antenna reaches more than 5.5 dBi.
Therefore, as can be seen from fig. 9 and 10, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can cover the GPS navigation system, the BDS navigation system, the Galileo navigation system, the GLONASS navigation system, and the L band.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of four-point feeding and eight-point feeding at 1.227GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Where the solid line represents four-point feed and the broken line represents eight-point feed, it can be seen from fig. 11 that in the case of four-point feed, the zenith axis ratio of the antenna is close to 0dB, and the angle at which the axis ratio is less than 3dB exceeds plus or minus 100 °.
Referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of four-point feeding and eight-point feeding at 1.575GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Where the solid line represents four-point feed and the broken line represents eight-point feed, it can be seen from fig. 12 that the zenith axis ratio of the antenna is close to 0dB and the angle of the axis ratio less than 3dB exceeds plus or minus 75 °.
As can be seen from fig. 11 and fig. 12, the antenna of the present invention has better circular pole characteristics, better wide-angle axial ratio characteristics, and better low-elevation circular polarization characteristics under the four-point feeding and eight-point feeding conditions, thereby improving the satellite searching capability and satellite searching quality of the low-elevation satellite.
Referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of the choke teeth 21 and the non-choke teeth 21 at 1.227GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein the solid line shows the addition of choke teeth and the broken line shows the addition of no choke teeth, and as can be seen from fig. 13, the axial ratio of the low elevation angle is closer to 0dB after the choke teeth are added to the antenna of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a graph comparing axial ratio curves of the choke teeth 21 and the non-choke teeth 21 at 1.575GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the solid line indicates the addition of choke teeth, the broken line indicates the non-addition of choke teeth, and as is clear from fig. 14, the axial ratio of the antenna with choke teeth 21 added at the low elevation angle is smaller than that of the antenna without choke teeth 21 added at the low elevation angle.
As can be seen from fig. 13 and 14, the antenna with choke teeth can effectively widen the axial ratio of low elevation angle and improve the performance of the antenna.
The foregoing describes in detail a dielectric-buried-based measurement GNSS antenna according to the embodiments of the present invention, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present invention, where the foregoing description of the embodiments is only for aiding in understanding of the dielectric-buried-based measurement GNSS antenna and its core concept; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (9)
1. A measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial, characterized by comprising
The first dielectric layer comprises an upper surface and a lower surface which are oppositely arranged, wherein the upper surface is provided with a first radiation unit and a plurality of tuning units, the tuning units are arranged at intervals, each tuning unit comprises a circular arc patch and an elliptical arc patch connected with the circular arc patch, and the lower surface is provided with a second radiation unit;
the feed points extend from the upper surface of the first dielectric layer to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer and are used for realizing the coupling connection of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit; and
the second medium layer is connected with the first medium layer, the second medium layer is used for burying the first radiation unit, the tuning unit and/or the second radiation unit, and a plurality of choke teeth which are leveled with the height of the second medium layer and distributed in an annular mode are arranged on the side face of the second medium layer.
2. The measured GNSS antenna of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer is a single layer dielectric, and the second dielectric layer is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer for embedding the second radiating element; or alternatively
The second dielectric layer is a single-layer dielectric and is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer and used for embedding the first radiation unit and the tuning unit; or alternatively
The second dielectric layer is a double-layer dielectric and comprises a first layer of second dielectric layer and a second layer of second dielectric layer, wherein the first layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer and is used for burying the first radiating unit and the tuning unit, and the second layer of second dielectric layer is connected to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer and is used for burying the second radiating unit.
3. The measured GNSS antenna of claim 1 wherein the first radiating element comprises a first circular radiating patch and four first rectangular branches, the first circular radiating patch being printed on the upper surface with the center of the first circular radiating patch coinciding with the center of the upper surface, the four first rectangular branches being arranged in an annular pattern along the center of the first circular radiating patch, and each of the first rectangular branches being fixedly connected to the first circular radiating patch.
4. A measured GNSS antenna based on dielectric burial according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of said tuning elements are arranged in a circular array along the centre of said upper surface, and said tuning elements are arranged outside said first circular radiating patch of said first radiating element.
5. A dielectric-burial-based survey type GNSS antenna of claim 3 or 4 wherein the second radiating element comprises a second circular radiating patch and four second rectangular branches, the second circular radiating patch being printed on the lower surface with the centre of the second circular radiating patch coinciding with the centre of the lower surface, the projected area of the second circular radiating patch on the lower surface being larger than the projected area of the first circular radiating patch on the lower surface;
the four second rectangular branches are arranged in an annular mode along the center of the second circular radiation patch, and each second rectangular branch is fixedly connected with the second circular radiation patch.
6. A dielectric-burial-based survey type GNSS antenna of claim 1 or 2 wherein a plurality of the feed points are arranged in a circular array along the center of the upper surface, with a phase difference between adjacent two of the feed points.
7. The measured GNSS antenna of claim 6 wherein the number of feed points is four, the upper surface is provided with four circular holes extending through to the lower surface, and each feed point is disposed in a corresponding circular hole.
8. The measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial of claim 1, wherein the upper surface is further provided with a second through hole penetrating to the lower surface and a plurality of short-circuit holes, the center of the second through hole coincides with the center of the upper surface, the plurality of short-circuit holes are annularly arranged along the center of the second through hole and are arranged on the periphery of the second through hole, the short-circuit holes are metalized holes, and the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit are connected through the second through hole and the plurality of short-circuit holes.
9. The measurement type GNSS antenna based on medium burial of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second medium layer far away from the first medium layer is used for being connected with a PCB of the GNSS antenna, and one surface of the PCB far away from the second medium layer is provided with a metal shielding cover.
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| CN113097697A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 上海华测导航技术股份有限公司 | High-precision satellite navigation and communication combined antenna based on new material |
| CN111864382A (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-30 | 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 | Multifunctional GNSS antenna |
| CN112201953B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2023-05-09 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Satellite communication system and/or navigation system antenna |
| CN113224522B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-11 | 上海海积信息科技股份有限公司 | GNSS antenna |
| CN114171914B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-24 | 河北晶禾电子技术股份有限公司 | Beidou antenna |
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