CN109033034A - A kind of simple global climate partition method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of simple global climate partition methods, this method is modified ripple ratio calculation formula, pass through the surface flux factor, it is respectively pole frigid zone (EC) (corresponding ripple ratio ∞ to 0 by the five kinds of climatic provinces that are divided into of global Different Climatic Zones, extremely cold region), pole wet bands (EW) (0-0.5;Extremely wet region), half wet bands (SW) (0.5-2.0;Semi-wet region), half-dried band (SA) (2.0-10;Semi-arid region), and extremely dry band (EA) (10 to+ ∞;extremely arid region).The present invention more accurately reflects the subregion of different underlying surface Various Seasonal compared with traditional Study on Climate Division K ppen, while can easily calculate the During Succession between Different Climatic Zones, convenient for carrying out global climate change study.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of weather system partition method suitable for the whole world, this method is logical using single characterization earth's surface
The factor, the i.e. ratio of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are measured, realizes the quick subregion of global Different Climatic Zones.
Background technique
Study on Climate Division is to divide the roughly the same place of weather into an area according to certain index.In Climatological Analysis,
Using more simple method, generally only consider the methods of multiple variables (precipitation, temperature, evaporite ratio and vegetation coverage etc.) into
Row subregion.Such methods by the different factors due to being influenced, by the deficiency of topography and geomorphology, underlying surface type and observation value,
It will cause some areas subregion and there is very big uncertainty, be only applicable to a kind of climate zone, can not be used in Global land.At present
Study on Climate Division be mostly based on the classical Study on Climate Division K ppen method, even if being carried out with two atmospheric variables of earth's surface temperature and precipitation
Subregion, actually used specific variable include the mean value of temperature precipitation, probability distribution and extreme value etc., it is this with temperature and precipitation into
The method of row Study on Climate Division can not have and limit in whole world expansion observation in practical applications due to the sparsity of observation data
Property, temperature and the big variable of precipitation two use simultaneously inconvenience in practical Study on Climate Division.How to solve in Study on Climate Division multi index option
It influences, such as precipitation, temperature evaporator ratio and vegetation coverage.
Currently used Study on Climate Division uses two factors of temperature and precipitation based on the classical Study on Climate Division K ppen method
Based on, according to application target difference, increase the method supplemented by other natural factors to define.Ripple ratio method is to utilize sensible heat
The method of flux and the ratio characterization Earth Surface Atmosphere turbulent flux with the latent heat flux occurred.Wherein Sensible Heating Flux
(Sensible Heat Flux, Hs) also referred to as does sensible heat flux, refers to atmosphere and underlay as caused by temperature change
The heat exchange flux of the turbulence form occurred between face；Latent heat flux (Latent Heat Flux, lE) is temperature-resistant condition
The heat of lower unit area exchanges, and the principal mode of nature latent heat flux is the phase transformation of water, also may be defined as underlying surface and big
The heat exchange of moisture between gas, latent heat flux include evaporation from land (bare area covering) or transpiration, evaporation (vegetative coverage)
Energy, also known as evapotranspire (Evapotranspiration), with underlying surface surface temperature, underlying surface saturation vapour pressure, reference altitude
Atmospheric vapour pressure, aerodynamic resistance, underlying surface surface impedance etc. are related.
Since the measuring and calculating of ripple ratio need to only measure temperature, wet 2 parameters of gradient, measuring and calculating process is greatlied simplify, is answered extensively
It uses in complicated global Complex Underlying Surface energometry, is mainly reflected in 2 aspects such as method is simple, precision is higher.Utilize wave
Text defines new climate zone by surface flux than definition.Climate zone not only simplifies original multiple-factor subregion bring not
Certainty, at the same more can the true cold and hot, dry and wet state of exact reflection earth's surface, to have relatively by force in terms of characterize the earth's surface factor
Advantage.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of simple global climate partition method, utilizes improved ripple ratio calculation formula:(formula
In:For Sensible Heating Flux,For latent heat flux,It indicates to useSymbol, BRm be ripple ratio range).This method can
It realizes and global climate band is divided into five kinds of basic climatic provinces, five kinds of climatic provinces are respectively pole frigid zone (EC) (corresponding ripple ratio ∞
To 0, extremely cold region), pole wet bands (EW) (0-0.5;Extremely wet region), it is semi-moist
Band (SW) (0.5-2.0;Semi-wet region), half-dried band (SA) (2.0-10;Semi-arid region), and it is extremely dry
Band (EA) (10 to+∞; extremely arid region) ；This method can on the basis of five kinds of primary partitions, into
One step divides subregion, to realize the division of global climate band.
Advantages of the present invention and generate the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention using ripple ratio in the energy balance of the research freedom water surface, proposition it is a kind of using Sensible Heating Flux with it is adjoint
The method of the ratio characterization Earth Surface Atmosphere turbulent flux of the latent heat flux of generation.It can be reacted under earth's surface Turbulence Flux with one
The sole indicator of pad face variation divides different Study on Climate Division, difference of the present invention according to surface vegetation and underlying surface type,
It determines the land-air interaction feature between climate zone, global five kinds of basic climate zones can be defined by the surface flux factor, i.e.,
Pole frigid zone (EC), pole wet bands (EW), half wet bands (SW), half-dried band (SA) and extremely dry band (EA).Five kinds of whole world Different Climatic Zones point
Area is mainly used for comparing the difference between traditional rainfall and temperature, from five major class subregions of division it will be evident that the present invention
Used ripple ratio revised law block plan, it is scientific and reasonable to explain the Study on Climate Division of different underlying surface, meanwhile, the subregion
Study on Climate Division can be divided according to Various Seasonal, keep scoring area more flexible, it is more objective.The partition method not only becomes weather
Change research and convenience is provided, while providing scientific and reasonable Study on Climate Division for carbon emission calculating.This method can be to five kinds of basic gas
It waits band and carries out sub-zone dividing, to realize that more full and accurate Study on Climate Division divides.
2, the Study on Climate Division K ppen is the basis of existing Study on Climate Division, and the present invention passes through compared with the Study on Climate Division K ppen
Compared with not only can reflect out the measuring and calculating that the method for the present invention simplifies multiple parameters in terms of subregion, reduce other natural factors
It participates in, there is superiority.The present invention relatively can accurately reflect under difference using Sensible Heating Flux and latent heat flux the two earth's surface factors
The subregion of pad face Various Seasonal realizes the quick subregion of global Different Climatic Zones, is demonstrated by powerful advantage, is region or global gas
It waits Changeement and brings new approaches, while calculating basis also new for foundation such as region different underlying surface carbon emissions.And to solve
Under background of global climate change, research Different Climatic Zones During Succession provides new idea and method, solves weather point very well
Area's multiple-factor influences bring uncertain problem, to provide for global climate change study, energy-saving and emission-reduction and climate negotiations
Technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the amendment postwave text of the Various Seasonal of Climatological average (1980-2010) than distribution, in which: a, spring,
May in March-；B, summer, June-August；C, autumn, September-November；D, the month in winter 12-2；E, annual and f are 5 kinds of main gas
Wait the average year variation with occupied area.
Fig. 2 is to carry out sub-zone dividing to five kinds of Study on Climate Division.(i.e. five kinds of climatic provinces are respectively pole frigid zone (EC) (in figure
It is pole cold-zone that five width figures, which respectively correspond as (a) EC, and (b) EW is pole wet bands, (c) half wet bands of SW, (d) the half-dried band of SA and (e) EA
The sub-district of extremely dry five major class climatic province of band)
Fig. 3 be Various Seasonal Different climate subregion occupied area between 1980-2010 linear trends of change (unit:
1010 m2 yr-1).
Specific embodiment
1, ripple ratio calculation formula is corrected
A, ripple ratio calculating formula
There is the ability for distinguishing dry and wet underlying surface well, ripple ratio calculating formula based on ripple ratio (1) are as follows:
... .. (1)
(1) in formula, Hs is Sensible Heating Flux (being positive upwards, be negative downwards), and E is latent heat flux (being positive upwards, be negative downwards), l
For latent heat gasification coefficient.
B. due in formula (1), Sensible Heating Flux is upwardly propagated for example desert underlying surface is xeothermic in high temperature area, and area is larger
(direction is upward, pointing space) is positive value, and is with smaller (direction is to be directed toward earth's surface) in cold region such as Greenland
Negative value；Earth's surface dry and wet state is characterized by latent heat flux；When there are moisture condensations to be greater than evapotranspiration near surface, latent heat flux is negative.
The case where latent heat flux and Sensible Heating Flux are negative value, such as in the polar areas, moisture condensation is equal to evapotranspiration, so will shape
At a positive ripple ratio.To avoid cold district ripple ratio and temperate zones from identical value occur, the direction of latent heat flux is chosen
As the positive and negative values (being positive upwards, be negative downwards) of ripple ratio after correction, Sensible Heating Flux and latent heat flux largely depend on
In precipitation in region.Meanwhile such as Oasis Area have less precipitation and due to irrigating sufficient water source, to have relatively strong
Evapotranspire, therefore can more reflect true earth's surface dry and wet condition compared with factors such as precipitation, temperature using turbulent flux, it is logical using sensible heat
The direction of amount determines the positive and negative of ripple ratio, to form revised calculation formula (2), therefore this method to original ripple ratio into
Amendment of having gone is as follows:
(2)
(2) in formula, Hs is Sensible Heating Flux,lEFor latent heat flux, | | it indicates to take absolute value to the logical ratio with latent heat flux of sensible heat,
sgn(H s ) indicate to useH s Symbol (being positive upwards), i.e., determine the positive and negative of ripple ratio with the direction of Sensible Heating Flux.
C. consider in formula (2), iflEClose to zero, then BRm may become infinitely great, to avoid going out in average computation
Existing biggish BRm value carries out ensemble average to multiple data sets, calculates average BRm under conditions of not considering spatial and temporal scales
(formula 3).
... .. (3)
(3) in formula,<Hs>is Sensible Heating Flux ensemble average, and<lE>is latent heat flux ensemble average, | | indicate that the logical set of sensible heat is flat
Ratio with latent heat flux ensemble average takes absolute value；Sgn (<Hs>) indicates the symbol using Sensible Heating Flux after ensemble average
(being positive upwards).
The amendment of ripple ratio calculation formula can be realized by (b), (c) two step.
2, data preparation
Choose five kinds of analysis of data ERA-Interim (ERA-I), NCEP-NCAR (NCEP-R1), NCEP-DOE AMIP-II again
(NCEP-R2), the Sensible Heating Flux and latent heat in JRA-55,20th century reanalysis, version2 (20thC) are logical
Data are measured, as the basic data for calculating ripple ratio.
To eliminate the different errors in analysis of data, the method that use is the most averagely gathered analyzes money for 5 kinds again
Material is gathered, and collective data collection is formed.
3, calculating process
Collective data obtained in formula (2) is input in formula (3), can be obtained global ripple ratio data after amendment.
4, result is classified
Compared with being the Study on Climate Division the K ppen method result based on classics with currently used Study on Climate Division, due to classical K
The whole world is divided into five Main Climatic bands by the Study on Climate Division ppen method, comparable to have with classical K ppen partition method result
Property, global climate band is divided into five kinds of climatic provinces by the present invention, and five kinds of climatic provinces are respectively pole frigid zone (EC) (corresponding ripple ratio ∞
To 0, extremely cold region), pole wet bands (EW) (0-0.5;Extremely wet region), it is semi-moist
Band (SW) (0.5-2.0;Semi-wet region), half-dried band (SA) (2.0-10;Semi-arid region), and it is extremely dry
Band (EA) (10 to+∞;Extremely arid region) this five kinds of climatic provinces.
5, interpretation of result
Study on Climate Division result to generate to above-mentioned steps verifies, using the K ppen partition method Comparative result with classics
Analysis method verify the superiority of the method for the present invention.Answering from big division result, small division result and result individually below
It is analyzed with equal three aspect.
(a) comparative analysis of great Qu:
Fig. 1 gives five kinds of analysis of data (ERA-Interim (ERA-I), NCEP-NCAR (NCEP-R1), NCEP-DOE again
AMIP-II(NCEP-R2),JRA-55,20thCentury reanalysis, version2 (20thC)) ensemble average wave text
Than distribution.
Fig. 1 shows based on modified ripple ratio method, using five kinds again analysis of data (ERA-Interim (ERA-I),
NCEP-NCAR(NCEP-R1),NCEP-DOE AMIP-II(NCEP-R2),JRA-55,20th century reanalysis,
Version2 (20thC)) ensemble average Sensible Heating Flux and latent heat flux, obtain Study on Climate Division schematic diagram.As seen from the figure, originally
The partition method that invention proposes not only can reflect the variation of seasonal climate subregion, while can be based on long-term sequence (1980-
2010) ensemble average subregion is carried out, preferable applicability is shown to different data.
E carries out different macroclimate subregions using this method on the basis of big subregion using modified ripple ratio method
Child partition divides, and is further divided into 4 cells, and partitioning standards are seasonal ripple ratio compared with the size of average annual ripple ratio:
Wherein 1st area indicates that all seasons categories subarea is consistent with annual subregion；2nd area indicate the average ripple ratio of any seasonal regionalization
Value is less than minimum value；3rd area indicate that the average wave text ratio in any season is greater than maximum value；4th area indicate any season average wave text
Ratio is less than minimum value, but is greater than maximum value in another season.
Fig. 2 shows partition method proposed by the present invention to the sub-zone dividing of main Study on Climate Division.When the gas in each season
When time subregion is consistent with annual Study on Climate Division type, it is defined as 1；When the Study on Climate Division at least one season belongs to annual
When the left side divisional type of Study on Climate Division (such as EC is relative to EW), it is defined as 2；When the Study on Climate Division at least one season belongs to
When the right partition type of annual Study on Climate Division (such as EW is relative to EC), it is defined as 3；It is fixed when the case where satisfaction 2,3 simultaneously
Justice is 4.Here mainly consider that subregion caused by earth's surface seasonal variations changes, each child partition shows as ripple ratio and do not become with season
Change region, ripple ratio and is less than the region of mean value, the region that ripple ratio variation is greater than mean value and ripple ratio with season with seasonal variations
There is irregular region.By the division of subregion, the function of different subregions can be more refined, thus more detailed division
Extreme cold area, extreme humid region, subhumid, semiarid region and Extremely arid area.
3, division result is assessed
Behind the Study on Climate Division obtained based on revised ripple ratio, in order to be carried out with the classical Study on Climate Division K ppen method result
Compare, the present invention takes same five major class classification system.Five kinds of climatic provinces are respectively pole frigid zone (EC) (corresponding ripple ratio ∞
To 0, extremely cold region), pole wet bands (EW) (0-0.5;Extremely wet region), it is semi-moist
Band (SW) (0.5-2.0;Semi-wet region), half-dried band (SA) (2.0-10;Semi-arid region), and pole
Dry band (EA) (10 to+∞; extremely arid region).Compared with the Study on Climate Division classical K ppen, side of the present invention
Method is more similar in weather annual state subregion (Fig. 1 e), as in half-dried, extremely dry subregion and the Study on Climate Division K ppen of the invention
Arid biogeographic zone is consistent, and pole frigid zone and accumulated snow in the Study on Climate Division K ppen are consistent with arctic regions, the torrid zone in the Study on Climate Division K ppen
Rainforest band coincide with pole wet bands of the present invention and half wet bands.
4, the advantage of ripple ratio climate zone subregion is improved
Using the Study on Climate Division of ripple ratio after correction as a result, can very easily discuss on the Study on Climate Division of Different climate state
Climatic change characteristics: Fig. 1 shows between 1980-2010, two season of winter in summer, nearly all data all support the increasing in pole drought-hit area
Warm rate is significantly higher than other regions, and in spring and autumn, then it is that heating for pole drought-hit area is the most obvious.The variation of precipitation is in different numbers
It differs greatly in.Nevertheless, still available some more consistent variation characteristics.In winter, the area Ji Han, the area Ji Shi
There is increased trend with the precipitation in semi-moist area.In spring, in addition to pole drought-hit area, reduction is all presented in the average precipitation of all climatic zones
Trend.
The method of the present invention, which not only can use weather, to be done annual mean and does main partition, while can use the season of ripple ratio
Variation carries out two subzones to main partition, forms more detailed subregion, is more advantageous to and instructs actual production life (see figure 2).
Improved ripple ratio partition method can not only provide the climate zone distribution of Climatological mean, while can also be very
The variation for easily providing climate zone area, the differentiation of Different Climatic Zones is characterized with this (referring to Fig. 3).By different data it
Between it was found that, in the winter between Past 30 Years, the area atrophy in semi-moist area, the area Er Jishi and the area Ji Han area increase.And
Spring on the Northern Hemisphere, semi-moist area and half-dried area's area atrophy, the area Er Jishi and the area Ji Gan increase.This variation seems to disclose,
Between Past 30 Years, spring, humid region become more wet on the Northern Hemisphere, and arid area changes more arid.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of simple global climate partition method, it is characterized in that utilizing improved ripple ratio calculation formula:, in formula:For Sensible Heating Flux,For latent heat flux,It indicates to useSymbol, BRm
For ripple ratio range；Global climate band is divided into five kinds of climatic provinces, five kinds of climatic provinces are respectively as follows: pole frigid zone (EC) (corresponding wave text
Than ∞ to 0, extremely cold region), pole wet bands (EW) (0-0.5; extremely wet region),
Half wet bands (SW) (0.5-2.0;Semi-wet region), half-dried band (SA) (2.0-10;Semi-arid region), and
Extremely dry band (EA) (10 to+∞; extremely arid region).
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Effective date of registration: 20200916 Address after: 730000 No.318, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Applicant after: NORTHWEST INSTITUTE OF ECO-ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, CAS Address before: Chengguan District of Gansu city of Lanzhou province Donggang West Road 730000 No. 320 Applicant before: Institute of environment and Engineering in cold and dry areas, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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