CN109031310A - S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, measuring system and measurement method - Google Patents
S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, measuring system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109031310A CN109031310A CN201810932664.XA CN201810932664A CN109031310A CN 109031310 A CN109031310 A CN 109031310A CN 201810932664 A CN201810932664 A CN 201810932664A CN 109031310 A CN109031310 A CN 109031310A
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 85
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/282—Transmitters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, measuring system and measurement methods.The measuring instrument includes transmit circuit, receives circuit；The transmit circuit includes crystal oscillator reference circuit, crystal oscillator power-devided circuit, the first phase-locked loop circuit, the second phase-locked loop circuit, transmitting antenna；The reception circuit includes receiving antenna, multistage amplification channel, local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit, mixing and filtering circuit.The scattering properties of precipitation particles can be accurately measured in microwave dark room using apparatus of the present invention, the process and method of test are simple and easy, and cost is relatively low, and the data measured can be used for the calibration of radar and the contrast verification of KPT Scatter theoretical calculation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meteorological radar sounding fields, and in particular to one kind can be applied to complete precipitation particles in laboratory
The detection of group's scattering, the result conducive to comparison theoretical calculation carries out and the device of the research of calibration.
Background technique
Conventional centimeter wave radar quantitative measurement of rainfall technology plays in weather forecast, especially flood forecast work
Particularly important effect.It will receive the influence of cloud and precipitation when radar electromagnetic wave is propagated in an atmosphere and scattering occur, inhales
Phenomena such as receiving and decaying, this not only leverages the remote sensing capability of normal radar, while also affecting and utilizing radar data essence
The microphysics parameter of true retrieving precipitation.Therefore research precipitation particles are in the scattering properties of superhigh frequency band for Atmospheric Survey, gas
The fields such as remote sensing are waited to be of great significance to.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to make up blank in the prior art, provide a kind of working frequency can be used in 3GHz
The micro radar system of precipitation particles scatter sounding, the system accurately can complete the scattering of controllable precipitation particles group in laboratory
Detection, convenient for comparison theoretical calculation and the research of calibration.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, including transmitting electricity
Road receives circuit；
Wherein, transmit circuit includes:
Crystal oscillator reference circuit, for generating 10MHz square-wave signal；
The 10MHz square-wave signal that crystal oscillator reference circuit generates is divided into two-way, is respectively supplied to two by crystal oscillator power-devided circuit
Phase-locked loop circuit；
First phase-locked loop circuit receives the signal that crystal oscillator power-devided circuit provides, and generates the signal that frequency is 3GHz；
Second phase-locked loop circuit receives the signal that crystal oscillator power-devided circuit provides, and generates the signal that frequency is 3.002GHz, and
The reception circuit is connected to by coaxial line；
Transmitting antenna receives the signal of the first phase-locked loop circuit output, is emitted；
Direct current regulation circuit, respectively with the crystal oscillator reference circuit, the first phase-locked loop circuit, the second phase-locked loop circuit phase
Even；
Wherein, receiving circuit includes:
Receiving antenna, receives echo-signal；
Received echo-signal is amplified between -20dBm to -10dBm by multistage amplification channel；
Local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit receives the 3.002GHz local oscillation signal that the second phase-locked loop circuit generates, is amplified to
It is exported after 10dBm；
Mixing and filtering circuit receives amplified echo-signal and local oscillation signal, is mixed and generates intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Further, the transmit circuit further includes the first radio frequency amplifier, the first low-pass filter circuit, bandpass filtering electricity
Road, the second radio frequency amplifier, third radio frequency amplifier, the second low-pass filter circuit；First phase-locked loop circuit passes sequentially through
First radio frequency amplifier, the first low-pass filter circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, the second radio frequency amplifier are connected with transmitting antenna；Institute
Direct current regulation circuit is stated to be connected with the first radio frequency amplifier, the second radio frequency amplifier, third radio frequency amplifier respectively.
Further, first phase-locked loop circuit and the second phase-locked loop circuit include phase discriminator, loop filter circuit,
Voltage controlled oscillator, resistive power splitter and attenuator；The phase discriminator passes sequentially through loop filter circuit, voltage controlled oscillator and resistance
Power splitter connection；The attenuator is connect with phase discriminator；The resistive power splitter of first phase-locked loop circuit respectively with it is corresponding
Attenuator, the connection of the first radio frequency amplifier；The resistive power splitter of second phase-locked loop circuit respectively with corresponding attenuator,
The connection of three radio frequency amplifiers.
Further, the crystal oscillator reference circuit include constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, resistance R1, variable resistance R2, electrolytic capacitor C1,
Electrolytic capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5 and capacitor C6；The pin 1 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 and the cunning of variable resistance R2
Moved end connection；One end of the variable resistance R2 connects ground wire, and the other end is connect with one end of resistance R1；The resistance R1's
The other end, the anode of electrolytic capacitor C1, one end of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 one end connect with the direct current regulation circuit；It is described
The cathode of electrolytic capacitor C1, the other end of capacitor C3 connect ground wire with the other end of capacitor C4；The pin 5 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1
Connect ground wire；The pin 3 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, the anode of electrolytic capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C5 and capacitor C6 one end with
The direct current regulation circuit connection；The cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C5 are connected with the other end of capacitor C6
Ground wire；The crystal oscillator power-devided circuit includes resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, capacitor C7 and capacitor C8；One end of the resistance R3
It is connect with the pin 4 of constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1；The other end of the resistance R3 connects with one end of resistance R4 and one end of resistance R5 respectively
It connects；The other end of the resistance R4 is connect by capacitor C7 with the first phase-locked loop circuit；The other end of the resistance R5 passes through electricity
Hold C8 to connect with the second phase-locked loop circuit.
Further, the multistage amplification channel includes that first order adjustable gain amplifies branch, second level adjustable gain is put
Big branch and rf gain amplifying circuit；The receiving antenna passes sequentially through first order adjustable gain amplification branch and the second level can
Benefit amplification branch is adjusted to connect with rf gain amplifying circuit；The first order adjustable gain amplification branch includes the first hilted broadsword three
Throw switch, the first low-noise amplifier, the second low-noise amplifier, the first attenuator, the first gain amplifier, the filter of the first band logical
Wave device, third low-noise amplifier, the 4th low-noise amplifier, the second attenuator, the second bandpass filter and the second hilted broadsword three
Throw switch；The pin 1 of first single-pole three-throw switch connects receiving antenna by SMA connector, and pin 2 passes sequentially through first
Low-noise amplifier, the second low-noise amplifier, the first attenuator, the first gain amplifier and the first bandpass filter and second
The pin 2 of single-pole three-throw switch connects, and pin 3 is connect with the pin 3 of second single-pole three-throw switch, and pin 4 passes sequentially through
Third low-noise amplifier, the 4th low-noise amplifier, the second attenuator and the second bandpass filter are opened with the second single-pole three throw
The pin 4 of pass connects；The second level adjustable gain amplification branch includes third single-pole three-throw switch, third attenuator, second
Gain amplifier, third bandpass filter, the 4th attenuator and the 4th single-pole three-throw switch；The third single-pole three-throw switch
Pin 1 is connect with the pin 1 of the second single-pole three-throw switch, and pin 2 passes sequentially through third attenuator, the second gain amplifier and
Three bandpass filters and the connection of the pin 2 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch, pin 3 are connect with the pin 3 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch,
Pin 4 is connect by the 4th attenuator with the pin 4 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch；The pin 1 of 4th single-pole three-throw switch
It is connect with RF signal gain amplifying circuit.
Further, the RF signal gain amplifying circuit includes the 5th attenuator, third gain amplifier and the 4th
Bandpass filter；One end of 5th attenuator is connect with the pin 1 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch, the other end and third gain
Amplifier connection；The third gain amplifier is connect with the 4th bandpass filter；4th bandpass filter be mixed filter
Wave circuit connection；The local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit includes single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the 6th attenuator, the 4th gain amplifier
With the 5th bandpass filter；The pin 2 and pin 3 of the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) are connected separately with SMA connector, pin 1 and
The connection of six attenuators；6th attenuator passes sequentially through the 4th gain amplifier, the connection of the 5th bandpass filter and is mixed filter
Wave circuit connection；The mixing and filtering circuit includes frequency mixer and low-pass filter；5th bandpass filter and the 4th band
Bandpass filter is connect with frequency mixer；The frequency mixer is connect with low-pass filter；The low-pass filter is connected with SMA connection
Device.
Further, the S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument further includes PCB circuit board；It the transmit circuit and connects
Circuit is received to be arranged in the PCB circuit board；The PCB circuit board uses the FR4 plate of double-sided printing, plate thickness 1mm, phase
It is 4.3 to dielectric constant.
Further, transmitting antenna and receiving antenna include the top layer metallic layer from top to bottom set gradually, bottom gold
Belong to layer and medium substrate；The top layer metallic layer and bottom metal layer are rotatably disposed on the medium substrate；The top layer
Metal is made of the rectangle attachment base of bottom, the signal transmitting and receiving portion with the line of rabbet joint and bar shaped interconnecting piece, and rectangle attachment base passes through connection
Portion is connect with signal transmitting and receiving portion；The bottom metal layer is made of the signal transmitting and receiving portion with the line of rabbet joint with bar shaped interconnecting piece；It is described
The line of rabbet joint in the signal transmitting and receiving portion of top layer metallic layer and bottom metal layer is oppositely arranged, and gradual change slit region is formed between the line of rabbet joint.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring system using above-mentioned S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, the measurement systems
System further includes microwave dark room, Metal pylon, control and display device；The S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, Metal pylon
In the microwave dark room；The inner wall of the microwave dark room is equipped with absorbing material layer；The Metal pylon peripheral side is enclosed with
Absorbing material layer；Absorbing material layer is equipped between the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna of the S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument；
The control and display device include high-speed a/d sampler, high speed static random access memory SRAM, serial storage EPCS, height
Fast ethernet controller, Ethernet interface, programmable logic device FPGA, high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM1,
SDRAM2, TFT liquid crystal display and expansion interface；The digital signal output end and sampling clock of the high-speed a/d sampler are defeated
Enter end to be connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and output terminal of clock respectively；High-speed synchronous dynamic RAM
The data terminal of SDRAM1 and address end are connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end respectively.High speed static with
The data terminal of machine memory SRAM and address end are connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end respectively；At a high speed
The data terminal and control terminal of ethernet controller are connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and control terminal respectively；Ether
Network interface is connected with the output end of high speed Ethernet controller；The GPIO interface phase of expansion interface and programmable logic device FPGA
Even；The data terminal of serial storage EPCS and address end respectively with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end phase
Even；The data terminal of high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM2 and address end data with programmable logic device FPGA respectively
End is connected with address end；The data terminal and control terminal of TFT the liquid crystal display data terminal with programmable logic device FPGA respectively
It is connected with control terminal.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument to carry out the scatterometry of S-band precipitation particles
Method, this method is by the S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument to target to be measured and known RCS (radar cross section)
The measurement of the standard body of (such as plate and ball), respectively obtains the S parameter of respective scattered wave；Pass through target to be measured scattered wave
The RCS of S parameter, the S parameter of target to be measured scattered wave and standard body derives the RCS of object to be measured.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art can accurately be surveyed using apparatus of the present invention in microwave dark room
The scattering properties of precipitation particles is measured, the process and method of test are simple and easy, and cost is relatively low, the data measured can be used for thunder
The contrast verification of the calibration and KPT Scatter theoretical calculation that reach.And the present invention uses printed-gap antenna technology, proposes one
Kind of miniaturization, structure be simple, the antenna of ultra wide band and high-gain, and bandwidth of operation of the entire antenna standing wave ratio less than 2 is 1.5-
8.5GHz, antenna maximum gain are up to 45dB.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of transmit circuit in S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of crystal oscillator reference circuit in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of crystal oscillator power-devided circuit in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the first loop filter circuit or the second loop filter circuit in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the first low-pass filter circuit or the second low-pass filter circuit in Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is the curve graph of the first phase-locked loop circuit output frequency and time of transmit circuit in Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is the output spectrum of radio frequency signals of transmit circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the schematic illustration that circuit is received in S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory schematic diagram that first order adjustable gain amplifies branch in Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the circuit theory schematic diagram that second level adjustable gain amplifies branch in Fig. 8；
Figure 11 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit in Fig. 8；
Figure 12 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of mixing and filtering circuit in Fig. 8；
Figure 13 is the access selection control combination figure that circuit is received in S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the model structure schematic diagram of transmit/receive antenna in S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument of the present invention；
Figure 15 is the parameter definition figure of transmit/receive antenna in Figure 14；
Figure 16 is the definition and setting of parameters in Figure 15；
Figure 17 is antenna standing wave ratio simulation result diagram；
Figure 18 is in the face 3GHz antenna direction E directional diagram；
Figure 19 is in the face 3GHz antenna direction H directional diagram；
Figure 20 is the simulated gain figure of antenna；
Figure 21 is the basic composition block diagram of control and display device in S-band precipitation particles scatterometry system of the present invention；
Figure 22 is control and display device groundwork schematic diagram in Figure 21；
Figure 23 is that Figure 21 high speed A/D sample circuit realizes block diagram；
Figure 24 is Figure 21 high speed ethernet controller and the interface realization block diagram of FPGA；
Figure 25 is signal processing flow schematic diagram in Figure 21；
Figure 26 is the structural schematic diagram of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry system of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated below according to attached drawing:
The present invention includes transmit circuit, reception circuit for S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument.Referring to Fig. 1, this is used for
The transmit circuit of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, including direct current regulation circuit 1, crystal oscillator reference circuit 2, the first phaselocked loop
Circuit, the second phase-locked loop circuit, the first radio frequency amplifier 9, the first low-pass filter circuit 10, bandpass filter 11, the second radio frequency
Amplifier 12, third radio frequency amplifier 19, the second low-pass filter circuit 20 and transmitting antenna 13；The crystal oscillator reference circuit 2 is logical
Crystal oscillator power-devided circuit 3 is crossed to connect with the first phase-locked loop circuit and the second phase-locked loop circuit respectively, first phase-locked loop circuit with
The connection of first radio frequency amplifier 9, first radio frequency amplifier 9 are connect with the first low-pass filter circuit 10, first low pass
Filter circuit 10 is connect with bandpass filter 11, and the bandpass filter 11 is connect with the second radio frequency amplifier 12, and described second
Radio frequency amplifier 12 is connect with transmitting antenna 13, and second phase-locked loop circuit is connect with third radio frequency amplifier 19, and described
Three radio frequency amplifiers 19 are connect with the second low-pass filter circuit 20, and second low-pass filter circuit 20 is connected with SMA connector；
The direct current regulation circuit 1 is put with crystal oscillator reference circuit 2, the first phase-locked loop circuit, the second phase-locked loop circuit, the first radio frequency respectively
Big device 9, the second radio frequency amplifier 12 and third radio frequency amplifier 19 connect.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, first phase-locked loop circuit include the first phase discriminator 4, the first loop filter circuit 5,
First voltage controlled oscillator 6, first resistor power splitter 7 and the first attenuator 8, first phase discriminator 4 and the first loop filtering electricity
Road 5 connects, and first loop filter circuit 5 is connect with the first voltage controlled oscillator 6, first voltage controlled oscillator 6 and first
Resistive power splitter 7 connects, and the first resistor power splitter 7 is connect with the first attenuator 8 and the first radio frequency amplifier 9 respectively, institute
The first attenuator 8 is stated to connect with the first phase discriminator 4.
Further, referring to Fig. 1, second phase-locked loop circuit includes the second phase discriminator 14, the second loop filter circuit
15, the second voltage controlled oscillator 16, second resistance power splitter 17 and the second attenuator 18, second phase discriminator 14 and the second loop
Filter circuit 15 connects, and second loop filter circuit 15 is connect with the second voltage controlled oscillator 16, second voltage controlled oscillation
Device 16 is connect with second resistance power splitter 17, and the second resistance power splitter 17 is put with the second attenuator 18 and third radio frequency respectively
Big device 19 connects, and second attenuator 18 is connect with the second phase discriminator 14.
It further, further include PCB circuit board, the direct current regulation circuit 1, crystal oscillator reference circuit 2, the first phaselocked loop electricity
Road, the second phase-locked loop circuit, the first radio frequency amplifier 9, the first low-pass filter circuit 10, bandpass filter 11, the second radio frequency are put
Big device 12, third radio frequency amplifier 19, the second low-pass filter circuit 20, transmitting antenna 13 and SMA connector are arranged at PCB electricity
On the plate of road, the PCB circuit board is double-clad board, and the size of PCB circuit board is 205.3mm*247.1mm, PCB circuit board
Plate is FR4 plate, and the plate thickness of PCB circuit board is 1mm, and the relative dielectric constant of PCB circuit board is 4.3.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the crystal oscillator reference circuit 2 includes constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, resistance R1, variable resistance R2, electricity
Solve capacitor C1, electrolytic capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5 and capacitor C6, the pin 1 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 and variable
The sliding end of resistance R2 connects, and one end connection ground wire and the other end of the variable resistance R2 is connect with one end of resistance R1, institute
The one end and direct current regulation circuit 1 for stating the other end of resistance R1, the anode of electrolytic capacitor C1, one end of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 connect
It connects, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the other end of capacitor C3 connect ground wire, the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 with the other end of capacitor C4
Pin 5 connect ground wire, the pin 3 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, the anode of electrolytic capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C5 and capacitor C6
One end is connect with direct current regulation circuit 1, and the other end of the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C5 and capacitor C6 connects
Ground line.Constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 uses chip CO27VS05DE-02-10.000.The purpose of crystal oscillator reference circuit 2 is to generate 10MHz
Signal.
Further, referring to Fig. 3, the crystal oscillator power-devided circuit 3 includes resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, capacitor C7 and electricity
Hold C8, one end of the resistance R3 is connect with the pin 4 of constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, and the other end of the resistance R3 is respectively with resistance R4's
One end is connected with one end of resistance R5, and the other end of the resistance R4 is connect by capacitor C7 with the first phase-locked loop circuit, described
The other end of resistance R5 is connect by capacitor C8 with the second phase-locked loop circuit.The crystal oscillator power-devided circuit 3 is by resistance, capacitance group
At constant-temperature crystal oscillator is generated accurate 10MHz square-wave signal and is supplied to the phase discriminators of two phaselocked loops as reference.
Further, referring to fig. 4, first loop filter circuit 5 and the second loop filter circuit 15 include capacitor
C9, capacitor C10, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, resistance R6, one end of resistance R7 and resistance R8, the capacitor C9, resistance R6 one
End, resistance R7 one end connect with the first phase discriminator 4 or the second phase discriminator 14, the other end of the resistance R7 respectively with capacitor
One end of C10 is connected with one end of resistance R8, and one end of the other end of the resistance R8, one end of capacitor C11 and capacitor C12 is equal
It is connect with the first voltage controlled oscillator 6 or the second voltage controlled oscillator 16, the other end, the electricity of the other end of the capacitor C9, resistance R6
The other end, the other end of capacitor C11 and the other end of capacitor C12 for holding C10 are all connected with ground wire.
Further, referring to Fig. 5, first low-pass filter circuit 10 and the second low-pass filter circuit 20 include inductance
L1, inductance L2, inductance L3, capacitor C13, capacitor C14, one end of capacitor C15 and capacitor C16, the inductance L1 and capacitor C13
One end is connect with the first radio frequency amplifier 9 or third radio frequency amplifier 19, the other end of the inductance L1 respectively with capacitor C14
One end connected with one end of inductance L2, the other end of inductance L2 one end with one end of capacitor C15 and inductance L3 respectively
Connection, the other end of the inductance L3 and one end of capacitor C16 are connect with bandpass filter 11 or SMA connector, the electricity
The other end for holding the other end of C13, the other end of capacitor C14, the other end of capacitor C15 and capacitor C16 is all connected with ground wire.It is described
The first low-pass filter circuit 10 and the second low-pass filter circuit 20 be to filter out harmonic signal and other interference signals, obtain
Useful signal.
The crystal oscillator reference circuit 2 of the present embodiment generates accurate 10MHz square-wave signal and divides two-way by crystal oscillator power-devided circuit 3
It is respectively supplied to second phase discriminator of the first phase discriminator 4 of the first phase-locked loop circuit as reference signal and the second phase-locked loop circuit
14 are used as reference signal, and the signal of the first voltage controlled oscillator 6 output feeds back to the first phase discriminator 4, by the inside the first phase discriminator 4
Phase demodulation is carried out after the signal frequency split of one voltage controlled oscillator 6 feedback with reference signal, and exports a bias voltage, by the first ring
Road filter circuit 5 filters out AC compounent and obtains DC offset voltage, and DC offset voltage controls the first voltage controlled oscillator 6, makes the
One voltage controlled oscillator 6 exports preset 3.000GHz frequency, and predeterminated frequency is that single-chip microcontroller passes through data line to dedicated phaselocked loop
For chip write-in data to control frequency, user can modify this frequency values by keyboard.The output of first phase-locked loop circuit
Signal by the first radio frequency amplifier 9 amplification and 11 filtering clutter of the first low-pass filter circuit 10 and bandpass filter after, then
By the second radio frequency amplifier 12 amplify, obtain final 3GHz frequency signal export give receive circuit.Similarly, the second voltage-controlled vibration
The signal for swinging the output of device 16 feeds back to the second phase discriminator 14, the letter for feeding back the second voltage controlled oscillator 16 inside the second phase discriminator 14
Number frequency dividing after with reference signal carry out phase demodulation, and export a bias voltage, bias voltage pass through the second loop filter circuit 15
It obtains stable DC offset voltage and controls the second voltage controlled oscillator 16, to export preset 3.002GHz frequency.Second lock
The signal of phase loop circuit output obtains most by the amplification of third radio frequency amplifier 19 and 20 filtering clutter of the second low-pass filter circuit
Whole 3.002GHz frequency signal is exported to circuit is received, and is connected to reception circuit by coaxial line, and the reference as mixing is believed
Number.(note: the power-devided circuit that resistive power splitter is made of resistance divides power to two-way equally.)
Fig. 6 gives the curve of the first phase-locked loop circuit output signal frequency and time, it can be seen that the first phaselocked loop electricity
The road locking phase time is 20us.Fig. 7 is the output spectrum of radio frequency signals measured with the frequency spectrograph of agilent, it can be seen that signal is
3.000GHz, power 14.29dBm, remaining is noise signal.The applicability of transmit circuit of the present invention is known by Fig. 7 measured result.
Transmit circuit can export the radiofrequency signal of 3.000GHz by the first phase-locked loop circuit in the present invention, can pass through
Second phase-locked loop circuit exports the radiofrequency signal of 3.002GHz, the structure phase of the first phase-locked loop circuit and the second phase-locked loop circuit
Together.It is constant that entire phaselocked loop generation can be controlled to the corresponding data of phase-locked loop chip write-in by the single-chip microcontroller of external circuit
The radiofrequency signal of frequency, the first phase-locked loop circuit generate frequency be 3GHz signal, by coaxial line connect transmitting antenna by its
It is radiated in space；Second phase-locked loop circuit generates 3.002GHz signal, reception circuit is connected to by coaxial line, as mixing
Reference signal.Transmit circuit of the invention is simple, low in cost.The output of single-frequency may be implemented, output frequency is controllable,
2.9~3G, high-power output, its characteristics are as follows: first is that signal quality is high and stablizes, frequency is controllable, stable output signal, output
Frequency can be accurate to 1MHz；Second is that the high-power of transmitting increases transmission range, make measurement apart from farther.
This is used for the reception circuit of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, as shown in Fig. 8 to 13:
When the transmit circuit of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument transmitting 3GHz microwave signal encounters precipitation particles, dissipate
The signal penetrated needs that its echo-signal is received and handled by the reception circuit of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument,
To obtain precipitation target information, to be finally inversed by the microphysics parameter of precipitation particles.The present invention discloses a kind of for S-band
The reception circuit of precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, including first order adjustable gain amplification branch, second level adjustable gain amplification branch
Road, RF signal gain amplifying circuit, local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit and mixing and filtering circuit, the first order adjustable gain
Amplification branch is connect with second level adjustable gain amplification branch, the second level adjustable gain amplification branch and RF signal gain
Amplifying circuit connection, the RF signal gain amplifying circuit and local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit connect with mixing and filtering circuit
It connects；Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the first order adjustable gain amplification branch includes the first single-pole three-throw switch 203, the first low noise
Amplifier 204, the second low-noise amplifier 205, the first attenuator 206, the first gain amplifier 207, the first bandpass filter
208, third low-noise amplifier 209, the 4th low-noise amplifier 2010, the second attenuator 2011, the second bandpass filter
2012 and second single-pole three-throw switch 2013, the pin 1 of first single-pole three-throw switch 203 pass through SMA connector 202 and connect
There is receiving antenna 201, the pin 2 of first single-pole three-throw switch 203 passes sequentially through the first low-noise amplifier 204, second
Low-noise amplifier 205, the first attenuator 206, the first gain amplifier 207 and the first bandpass filter 208 and the second hilted broadsword
The pin 2 of three throw switches 2013 connects, the pin 3 of first single-pole three-throw switch 203 and second single-pole three-throw switch
2013 pin 3 connects, the pin 4 of first single-pole three-throw switch 203 also pass sequentially through third low-noise amplifier 209,
4th low-noise amplifier 2010, the second attenuator 2011 and the second bandpass filter 2012 and the second single-pole three-throw switch 2013
Pin 4 connect；Referring to Fig. 8 or Figure 10, second level adjustable gain amplification branch include third single-pole three-throw switch 2014,
Third attenuator 2015, the second gain amplifier 2016, third bandpass filter 2017, the 4th attenuator 2018 and the 4th hilted broadsword
The pin 1 of three throw switches 2019, the pin 1 of the third single-pole three-throw switch 2014 and the second single-pole three-throw switch 2013 connects
It connects, the pin 2 of the third single-pole three-throw switch 2014 passes sequentially through third attenuator 2015,2016 and of the second gain amplifier
The pin 2 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019 of third bandpass filter 2017 connects, the third single-pole three-throw switch 2014
Pin 3 is connect with the pin 3 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019, and the pin 4 of the third single-pole three-throw switch 2014 passes through the
Four attenuators 2018 are connect with the pin 4 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019, the pin 1 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019
It is connect with RF signal gain amplifying circuit.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 8, the RF signal gain amplifying circuit includes the 5th attenuator 2020, third increasing
Beneficial amplifier 2021 and the 4th bandpass filter 2022, one end of the 5th attenuator 2020 and the 4th single-pole three-throw switch
2019 pin 1 connects, and the other end of the 5th attenuator 2020 is connect with third gain amplifier 2021, and the third increases
Beneficial amplifier 2021 is connect with the 4th bandpass filter 2022, and the 4th bandpass filter 2022 connects with mixing and filtering circuit
It connects.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 8 or Figure 11, the local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit includes single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
2023, the 6th attenuator 2024, the 4th gain amplifier 2025 and the 5th bandpass filter 2026, the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
2023 pin 2 and pin 3 is connected separately with SMA connector 202, and the pin 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) 2023 declines with the 6th
Subtract the connection of device 2024, the 6th attenuator 2024 is connect with the 4th gain amplifier 2025, the 4th gain amplifier
2025 connect with the 5th bandpass filter 2026, the 5th bandpass filter 2026 and mixing and filtering circuit connection.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 8 or Figure 12, the mixing and filtering circuit includes frequency mixer 2027 and low-pass filter
2028, the 5th bandpass filter 2026 and the 4th bandpass filter 2022 are connect with frequency mixer 2027, the frequency mixer
2027 connect with low-pass filter 2028, and the low-pass filter 2028 is connected with SMA connector 202.
In the present embodiment, the value of magnification of first low-noise amplifier 204 and the second low-noise amplifier 205 is
8dB, the pad value of first attenuator 206 are 3dB, and the value of magnification of first gain amplifier 207 is 16dB, described the
The value of magnification of three low-noise amplifiers 209 and the 4th low-noise amplifier 2010 is 8dB, and second attenuator 2011 declines
Depreciation is 3dB.
In the present embodiment, the pad value of the third attenuator 2015 is 3dB, and second gain amplifier 2016 is put
Big value is 16dB, and the pad value of the 4th attenuator 2018 is 8dB.
In the present embodiment, the received local oscillation signal of local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit be 3.002GHz, the described 6th
The pad value of attenuator 2024 is 3dB, and the value of magnification of the 4th gain amplifier 2025 is 16dB.
In the present embodiment, the received radio frequency receiving signal of RF signal gain amplifying circuit be 3GHz, the described 5th
The pad value of attenuator 2020 is 5dB, and the value of magnification of the third gain amplifier 2021 is 16dB.
Receive the working principle of circuit are as follows: signal passes through FPGA after entering pcb board via 201 input terminal of receiving antenna
Control signal, gating carries out the channel of multistage amplification, and (including first order adjustable gain amplification branch, second level adjustable gain are put
Big branch and RF signal gain amplifying circuit), enter frequency mixer 2027 after may amplify the signal between -20dBm to -10dBm,
Local oscillation signal, which is amplified to after 10dBm, enters frequency mixer 2027, the signal after output mixing, using low-pass filter 2028,
Obtain required intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 9, first order adjustable gain amplifies branch: due to being provided with 203 He of the first single-pole three-throw switch
Second single-pole three-throw switch 2013, therefore it is divided into three tunnels, the first via is by the first low-noise amplifier 204 and the second low noise amplification
Device 205 is prime, amplification 8dB, after the first attenuator of 3dB 206 and the first gain amplifier of 16dB 207, by the
One bandpass filter 208 can realize the gain of about 26dB；Second tunnel is straight-through；Third road is also by third low-noise amplifier 209
It is prime with the 4th low-noise amplifier 2010, amplification 8dB, using 3dB the second attenuator 2011 and the second bandpass filtering
, it can be achieved that the gain of about 9dB after device 2012.
Specifically, referring to Figure 10, second level adjustable gain amplifies branch: due to being provided with third single-pole three-throw switch 2014
With the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019, therefore it is divided into three tunnels, the first via can realize the gain of about 9dB；Second tunnel is straight-through；Third
The decaying of road realization 8dB.
Specifically, referring to Figure 11, local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit: local oscillation signal 3.002GHz is 0dBm when entering,
First after the decaying of 3dB and 16dB amplification, then by after the 5th bandpass filter 2026, then 10dBm enters frequency mixer 2027.This
Local oscillator input terminal adds a single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) 2023 to debug for the ease of the local oscillation signal to different frequency, is also convenient for
The debugging stage directly gives local oscillation signal with signal source and is debugged.
Specifically, mixing and filtering circuit: 3.002GHz local oscillation signal is mixed to obtain 2MHz's with 3GHz radio frequency receiving signal
Intermediate-freuqncy signal carries out Digital Signal Processing into next stage using low-pass filtering output circuit.
The corresponding access for receiving power of circuit that receives if Figure 13 is S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument selects control group
Close figure.Because each single-pole three-throw switch is to input 2 bit address code AB control, 1A1B indicates the first list since input terminal in figure
The control bit AB of three throw switch 203 of knife, and so on arrive 4A4B (i.e. the 4th single-pole three-throw switch 2019)；If the letter received
Number be -55dBm, select secondary series power bracket (- 60, -50] address code, then whole system to signal be amplified to -10dBm with
Upper to enter mixing, corresponding different input power realizes adjustable gain.
Reception circuit of the invention has the characteristics that adjustable gain section, amplifies branch and second by first order adjustable gain
Grade adjustable gain amplification branch can realize received Larger Dynamic range measurement, ensure that the different distance of precipitation particle measurement, can
It allows different size of signal to meet received requirement, there is certain compatibility.Reception circuit of the invention is in attenuator and filter
It is all using passive device in terms of wave device, oneself design parameter greatlys save cost.
For the implementation steps of transmit/receive antenna:
As shown in figure 14, the transmit/receive antenna for being applied to detect precipitation particles in laboratory in the present invention
It include the metal layer of one layer of medium substrate 103 and two layers of etching.Wherein, metal layer is respectively top layer metallic layer 101 and bottom
Metal layer 102.Top layer metallic layer 101, bottom metal layer 102 and medium substrate 103 are from top to bottom set gradually.Top-level metallic
101 layers of layer are antenna, and underlying metal is the microstrip line of feed, and top layer metallic layer 101 and 102 opposite side of underlying metal are gradual change
Line forms the symmetrically arranged line of rabbet joint 104, forms gradual change slit region 105 between the line of rabbet joint.Two pieces of gold metal layers be rotationally arranged in
On medium substrate, using feed microstrip line, microstrip line is then transformed by parallel wire by balun.The antenna is due to use
Bar wheel is grading structure, so itself has very wide bandwidth.Module uses two pieces of identical antennas, realizes that one receives a hair, shows
It is intended to such as Figure 14.
Medium substrate 103 is equipped with radiation source, feeder line, feed.Medium substrate 103 covers copper using glass-epoxy
Plate is made, and radiation source, feeder line, feed are all made of copper product and are made, and applying copper thickness is 0.018mm.
The size of the medium substrate of the present embodiment is 15.6mm*17.8mm*1mm.
Such as Figure 14,101 layers of top-level metallic by the rectangle attachment base 1013 of bottom, the signal transmitting and receiving portion 1011 with the line of rabbet joint with
And bar shaped interconnecting piece 1012 forms.Attachment base 1013 is connect by interconnecting piece 1012 with signal transmitting and receiving portion 1011.
Bottom metal layer is made of the signal transmitting and receiving portion with the line of rabbet joint 104 with bar shaped interconnecting piece.
The two metal layers of the present embodiment are connected with a sub-miniature A connector.
Figure 15 is the explanatory diagram of antenna parameters, and Figure 16 is the definition of parameters and quantitative setting figure in Figure 15.
It is as shown in figure 17 antenna standing wave ratio simulation result diagram, bandwidth of the antenna standing wave ratio less than 2 is as shown in Figure 17
1.5GHz-8.5GHz。
It is as shown in figure 18 in the face 3GHz antenna radiation pattern E directional diagram, the maximum gain in the face E is 7.5dB.
It is as shown in figure 19 in the face 3GHz antenna direction H directional diagram, the maximum gain in the face H is 8.2dB.
It is as shown in figure 20 the simulated gain figure of antenna, the centre frequency of Antenna Operation is in 3GHz or so.
S-band precipitation particles scatterometry system of the present invention further includes control and display device 40, microwave dark room 50, target
Bracket 60；The S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument 30, Metal pylon 60 are set in the microwave dark room 50；The microwave
The inner wall in darkroom 50 is equipped with absorbing material layer 51；60 peripheral side of Metal pylon is enclosed with absorbing material layer 61；The S-band
Absorbing material layer is equipped between the receiving antenna 31 and transmitting antenna 32 of precipitation particles scatterometry instrument.S-band precipitation particles dissipate
It penetrates measuring instrument 30 and is connect with the control being arranged outside microwave dark room with display device 40 by optical fiber, as shown in figure 26.
Such as Figure 21, the present embodiment control and display device, including the storage of high-speed a/d sampler, high-speed synchronous dynamic random
Device SDRAM1, high speed static random access memory SRAM, serial storage EPCS, high speed Ethernet controller, Ethernet interface, can
Programmed logic device FPGA, high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM2, TFT liquid crystal display and expansion interface.High-speed a/d
The digital signal output end and sampling clock input terminal of sampler respectively with the data terminal and clock of programmable logic device FPGA
Output end is connected.The data terminal of high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM1 and address end respectively with programmable logic device
The data terminal of FPGA is connected with address end.The data terminal of high speed static random access memory SRAM and address end are patrolled with programmable respectively
The data terminal for collecting device FPGA is connected with address end.The data terminal and control terminal of high speed Ethernet controller are patrolled with programmable respectively
The data terminal for collecting device FPGA is connected with control terminal.Ethernet interface is connected with the output end of high speed Ethernet controller.Extension
Interface is connected with the GPIO interface of programmable logic device FPGA.The data terminal of serial storage EPCS and address end respectively with can
The data terminal of programmed logic device FPGA is connected with address end.The data terminal and ground of high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM2
Location end is connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end respectively.The data terminal of TFT liquid crystal display and control
End is connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and control terminal respectively.
In this example, high-speed a/d sampler uses AD9226 chip, it is a 12 single-chips sampling analog-to-digital conversion
Device, high-performance sample/hold amplifier and reference voltage source in a built-in piece.It uses multi-level differential pipelined architecture, data
Rate reaches 65MSPS, guarantees no missing code in entire operating temperature range, has outstanding signal-to-noise ratio.
High-speed synchronous the dynamic RAM SDRAM1 and SDRAM2 of the present embodiment use H57V2562GTR chip,
With 16 BITBUS networks, 256Mb memory capacity can meet the storage of Large Volume Data.
The high speed static random access memory SRAM of the present embodiment uses IS61LV25616-10T chip, total with 16
Line, 4Mb memory capacity.
The high speed Ethernet controller of the present embodiment uses DM9000A chip, DM9000A chip be a 10M/100M from
Ethernet control chip is adapted to, the transmission of high-speed data can be met.
The Ethernet interface of the present embodiment uses RJ45_HR911105A integrated transformer socket.Programmable logic device
FPGA uses the EP4CE15F17C8N chip of altera corp, and with abundant interior resource and GPIO, satisfaction connects with various
Mouthful connection, for TFT liquid crystal display using 3.2 cun of touch display screens, display effect is outstanding, be applied to it is various industry and
The occasions such as household electrical appliance, such as instrument and meter, hand industrial product, scanning equipment etc..
Such as Figure 22, present invention control is with display device basic functional principle: measuring instrument transmitting high-frequency signal is connect by antenna
It takes in into reception circuit, receives circuit and the processing such as frequency conversion, filtering, amplification and detection then output intermediate frequency letter is carried out to echo-signal
Number.High-speed ADC is received from the intermediate-freuqncy signal for receiving circuit and is sampled to it, output digit signals to programmable logic device
Part FPGA, FPGA control its internal FIFO and high speed static random access memory SRAM realization to the data buffer storage after sampling and progress
Ping-pong operation takes out maximum value and minimum value.The soft core of NIOS II inside FPGA reads data to be processed and caches to high speed
In synchronous DRAM SDRAM2, then signal is handled, the data handled well are buffered dynamic to high-speed synchronous
The data handled well are transmitted to display terminal finally by high speed Ethernet and simultaneously show data by state random access memory SDRAM1
Show on TFT display screen.Wherein, programmable logic device FPGA also completes the logic control to the switch of expelling plate and receiver sheet
The functions such as system and the timing control of transmitting signal.
Such as Figure 23, in order to make ADC be in normal working condition, work clock should be in 50Mhz or more, so passing through one
Clock signal is amplified to 50Mhz by a phaselocked loop, and the signal of input is entered in table tennis module by A/D module, and inside is using stream
Waterline operating mode, two individually separated highspeed static memory SRAM mono- in write state one in reading in shape
State, guarantee can at every moment sample high-frequency signal, while status pin be drawn, it is subsequent ask most value module according to
Read-write state finds out the maximum value and minimum value in each SRAM respectively, since AD9226 chip is using complement code shape
Formula passes through max_top [11..0], min_top so finally needing maximum value and minimum value being converted into complement code by true form
[11..0] is connected with FPGA data end, and furthermore the CLK and RST pin of A/D chip is connected with FPGA, avoids cross clock domain signal band
The problem come.
Such as Figure 24, the external bus of the high speed Ethernet controller DM9000A used due to the present invention meets ISA standard.
Therefore, it can directly be realized and be connected with FPGA by isa bus.Wherein, SDO [0..15] is the data port of ethernet controller,
CS# is controller enable port, and IOR# is controller read command port, and IOW# is controller write order port, and CMD is controller
Command format selection port, INT are the interrupt requests port of controller, and RESET# is the reseting port of controller.By in FPGA
The NIOS II in portion is soft to verify the existing driving to high speed Ethernet controller DM9000A.
Such as Figure 25, the present invention is to particulate scattered signal process flow are as follows: AD sampling is carried out to intermediate-freuqncy signal first,
The point of sampling is subjected to ping-pong operation, judges whether the space of SRAM1 has expired, SRAM2 is write if full, then from SRAM1
It reads；It is on the contrary then read from SRAM2, it is write into SRAM1.Finally compare the maximum value and minimum value in two SRAM, obtains final
Maximum value and minimum value, and most value is converted into the soft core of Nios II being input in FPGA with positive and negative complement form
Carry out data processing.By median filtering algorithm in Nios II, stablize the amplitude of intermediate-freuqncy signal, and by taking logarithm operation,
The S parameter for finding out scattered wave shows eventually by TFT screen while being transmitted to display terminal by high speed Ethernet.
S-band precipitation particles scatterometry principle of the present invention is as follows:
Assuming that the transmitting antenna radiant power of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument is Pt, the gain of transmitting antenna is Gt,
The power density of target at range transmission antenna R are as follows:
Assuming that the scattering section of precipitation target is σ, then by the power of precipitation target scattering are as follows:
Work as P2When homogeneous radiation, the echo power density that is received at receiving antenna are as follows:
If the capture area of receiving antenna is Ar, then the received echo power at receiving antenna are as follows:
BecauseThen received echo power are as follows:
Formula (5) is rewritable at following form:
Wherein
Therefore in order to measure the RCS of precipitation target, as long as obtaining transmission power P when measurementt, receive power PrAnd H because
Son can be obtained the RCS result of tested precipitation target.
In order to obtainNeed to read the S of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument21ValueFor
The acquisition H factor, needs to measure the target (such as standard ball) of known RCS.The testing process of tested precipitation target RCS
It is as follows:
1. tested precipitation target is placed on Metal pylon, the S of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument is read21(trg)
Parameter obtains the ratio of the reception power and transmission power of measured target object using following conversion relation:
2. the standard body (such as metal ball or metal plate) of known RCS is placed on Metal pylon, items setting is same
1. reading the S of S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument21(std)Parameter obtains the reception of standard body using following conversion relation
The ratio of power and transmission power:
3. being according to the RCS that formula (6) are tested precipitation targetThe RCS of standard body isThen:
According to formula (9) it is found that utilizing the S for being tested precipitation target21(trg)(dB), the S of standard body21(std)(dB) it and marks
RCS (the σ of quasi- bodystd(m2)) it can derive the RCS (σ of tested precipitation targettrg(m2))。
Formula (9) can also be write as following form:
σtrg_dBsm=S21(trg)-S21(std)+σstd_dBsm (10)
σ in above formulatrg_dBsmIt indicates with dBm2For the RCS of the measured target of unit, S21(trg)Indicate the S of tested precipitation target
Parameter (unit dB), S21(std)Indicate the S parameter of calibration body, σstd_dBsmIt indicates with dBm2For the RCS of the standard body of unit.
Since precipitation target is limited at a distance from measuring instrument, so the electric wave being incident on object is nearly all spherical surface
Wave needs to meet following far field condition in order to ensure precipitation target can obtain plane wave:
D is the transverse width of target in above formula；λ is the wavelength for emitting electromagnetic wave, and R is distance of the antenna to precipitation target.
Claims (10)
1.S wave band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument, it is characterised in that: including transmit circuit, receive circuit；
The transmit circuit includes:
Crystal oscillator reference circuit, for generating 10MHz square-wave signal；
The 10MHz square-wave signal that crystal oscillator reference circuit generates is divided into two-way, is respectively supplied to two locking phases by crystal oscillator power-devided circuit
Loop circuit；
First phase-locked loop circuit receives the signal that crystal oscillator power-devided circuit provides, and generates the signal that frequency is 3GHz；
Second phase-locked loop circuit receives the signal that crystal oscillator power-devided circuit provides, and generates frequency and is the signal of 3.002 GHz, and leads to
It crosses coaxial line and is connected to the reception circuit；
Transmitting antenna receives the signal of the first phase-locked loop circuit output, is emitted；
Direct current regulation circuit is connected with the crystal oscillator reference circuit, the first phase-locked loop circuit, the second phase-locked loop circuit respectively；
The reception circuit includes:
Receiving antenna, receives echo-signal；
Received echo-signal is amplified between -20dBm to -10dBm by multistage amplification channel；
Local oscillation signal gain amplifying circuit receives the 3.002 GHz local oscillation signals that the second phase-locked loop circuit generates, is amplified to
It is exported after 10dBm；
Mixing and filtering circuit receives amplified echo-signal and local oscillation signal, is mixed and generates intermediate-freuqncy signal.
2. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the transmit circuit also wraps
Include the first radio frequency amplifier, the first low-pass filter circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, the second radio frequency amplifier, third radio frequency amplifier,
Second low-pass filter circuit；First phase-locked loop circuit passes sequentially through the first radio frequency amplifier, the first low-pass filter circuit, band
Bandpass filter circuit, the second radio frequency amplifier are connected with transmitting antenna；The direct current regulation circuit respectively with the first radio frequency amplifier,
Second radio frequency amplifier, third radio frequency amplifier are connected.
3. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the first phaselocked loop electricity
Road and the second phase-locked loop circuit include phase discriminator, loop filter circuit, voltage controlled oscillator, resistive power splitter and attenuator；Institute
It states phase discriminator and passes sequentially through loop filter circuit, voltage controlled oscillator and resistive power splitter connection；The attenuator and phase discriminator connect
It connects；The resistive power splitter of first phase-locked loop circuit is connected with corresponding attenuator, the first radio frequency amplifier respectively；Described
The resistive power splitter of two phase-locked loop circuits is connected with corresponding attenuator, third radio frequency amplifier respectively.
4. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the crystal oscillator reference circuit
Including constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1, resistance R1, variable resistance R2, electrolytic capacitor C1, electrolytic capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5 and
Capacitor C6；The pin 1 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 is connect with the sliding end of variable resistance R2；One end of the variable resistance R2 connects
Ground wire, and the other end is connect with one end of resistance R1；The other end of the resistance R1, the anode of electrolytic capacitor C1, capacitor C3
One end and one end of capacitor C4 are connect with the direct current regulation circuit；The other end of the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C1, capacitor C3
Ground wire is connected with the other end of capacitor C4；The pin 5 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1 connects ground wire；The pin 3 of the constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1,
One end of the anode of electrolytic capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C5 and capacitor C6 is connect with the direct current regulation circuit；The electrolysis electricity
The other end of the cathode, capacitor C5 that hold C2 connects ground wire with the other end of capacitor C6；The crystal oscillator power-devided circuit include resistance R3,
Resistance R4, resistance R5, capacitor C7 and capacitor C8；One end of the resistance R3 is connect with the pin 4 of constant-temperature crystal oscillator Y1；The resistance
The other end of R3 is connect with one end of one end of resistance R4 and resistance R5 respectively；The other end of the resistance R4 by capacitor C7 with
The connection of first phase-locked loop circuit；The other end of the resistance R5 is connect by capacitor C8 with the second phase-locked loop circuit.
5. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the multistage amplification channel
Including first order adjustable gain amplification branch, second level adjustable gain amplification branch and rf gain amplifying circuit；The reception
Antenna passes sequentially through first order adjustable gain amplification branch and second level adjustable gain amplification branch and rf gain amplifying circuit
Connection；The first order adjustable gain amplification branch includes the first single-pole three-throw switch, the first low-noise amplifier, the second low noise
Acoustic amplifier, the first attenuator, the first gain amplifier, the first bandpass filter, third low-noise amplifier, the 4th low noise
Amplifier, the second attenuator, the second bandpass filter and the second single-pole three-throw switch；The pin of first single-pole three-throw switch
1 connects receiving antenna by SMA connector, and pin 2 passes sequentially through the first low-noise amplifier, the second low-noise amplifier, the
One attenuator, the first gain amplifier and the first bandpass filter are connect with the pin 2 of the second single-pole three-throw switch, pin 3 with
The pin 3 of second single-pole three-throw switch connects, and pin 4 passes sequentially through third low-noise amplifier, the 4th low noise amplification
Device, the second attenuator and the second bandpass filter are connect with the pin 4 of the second single-pole three-throw switch；The second level adjustable gain
Amplification branch includes third single-pole three-throw switch, third attenuator, the second gain amplifier, third bandpass filter, the 4th declines
Subtract device and the 4th single-pole three-throw switch；The pin 1 of the third single-pole three-throw switch and the pin 1 of the second single-pole three-throw switch connect
It connects, pin 2 passes sequentially through third attenuator, the second gain amplifier and third bandpass filter and the 4th single-pole three-throw switch
Pin 2 connects, and pin 3 is connect with the pin 3 of the 4th single-pole three-throw switch, and pin 4 passes through the 4th attenuator and the 4th hilted broadsword three
The pin 4 of throw switch connects；The pin 1 of 4th single-pole three-throw switch is connect with RF signal gain amplifying circuit.
6. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the RF signal gain
Amplifying circuit includes the 5th attenuator, third gain amplifier and the 4th bandpass filter；One end of 5th attenuator with
The pin 1 of 4th single-pole three-throw switch connects, and the other end is connect with third gain amplifier；The third gain amplifier and
The connection of four bandpass filters；4th bandpass filter and mixing and filtering circuit connection；The local oscillation signal gain amplification electricity
Road includes single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), the 6th attenuator, the 4th gain amplifier and the 5th bandpass filter；The single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
Pin 2 and pin 3 be connected separately with SMA connector, pin 1 is connect with the 6th attenuator；6th attenuator successively leads to
Cross the 4th gain amplifier, the connection of the 5th bandpass filter and mixing and filtering circuit connection；The mixing and filtering circuit includes mixed
Frequency device and low-pass filter；5th bandpass filter and the 4th bandpass filter are connect with frequency mixer；The frequency mixer
It is connect with low-pass filter；The low-pass filter is connected with SMA connector.
7. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the S-band precipitation particles
Scatterometry instrument further includes PCB circuit board；The transmit circuit and reception circuit are arranged in the PCB circuit board；It is described
PCB circuit board uses the FR4 plate of double-sided printing, plate thickness 1mm, relative dielectric constant 4.3.
8. S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: transmitting antenna and reception day
Line includes the top layer metallic layer, bottom metal layer and medium substrate from top to bottom set gradually；The top layer metallic layer and bottom
Layer metal layer is rotatably disposed on the medium substrate；The top-level metallic by the rectangle attachment base of bottom, with the letter of the line of rabbet joint
Number receiving and transmitting part and bar shaped interconnecting piece composition, rectangle attachment base are connect by interconnecting piece with signal transmitting and receiving portion；The bottom metal layer
It is made of the signal transmitting and receiving portion with the line of rabbet joint with bar shaped interconnecting piece；The signal transmitting and receiving portion of the top layer metallic layer and bottom metal layer
The line of rabbet joint be oppositely arranged, between the line of rabbet joint formed gradual change slit region.
9. a kind of measuring system using any S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument of claim 1 to 8, feature exist
In: the measuring system further includes microwave dark room, Metal pylon, control and display device；The S-band precipitation particles scattering is surveyed
Measure instrument, Metal pylon is set in the microwave dark room；The inner wall of the microwave dark room is equipped with absorbing material layer；The Metal pylon
Peripheral side is enclosed with absorbing material layer；It is set between the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna of the S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument
There is absorbing material layer；The control and display device include high-speed a/d sampler, high speed static random access memory SRAM, serial
Memory EPCS, high speed Ethernet controller, Ethernet interface, programmable logic device FPGA, high-speed synchronous dynamic random are deposited
Reservoir SDRAM1, SDRAM2, TFT liquid crystal display and expansion interface；The digital signal output end of the high-speed a/d sampler and
Sampling clock input terminal is connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and output terminal of clock respectively；High-speed synchronous dynamic with
The data terminal of machine memory storage SDRAM 1 and address end are connected with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end respectively；It is high
The data terminal of fast Static RAM SRAM and address end respectively with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and address end
It is connected；The data terminal and control terminal of high speed Ethernet controller respectively with the data terminal and control terminal of programmable logic device FPGA
It is connected；Ethernet interface is connected with the output end of high speed Ethernet controller；Expansion interface is with programmable logic device FPGA's
GPIO interface is connected；The data terminal of serial storage EPCS and address end respectively with the data terminal of programmable logic device FPGA and
Address end is connected；The data terminal of high-speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM2 and address end respectively with programmable logic device
The data terminal of FPGA is connected with address end；The data terminal and control terminal of TFT liquid crystal display respectively with programmable logic device
The data terminal of FPGA is connected with control terminal.
10. a kind of dissipated using any S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument progress S-band precipitation particles of claim 1 to 8
The method for penetrating measurement, it is characterised in that: this method by the S-band precipitation particles scatterometry instrument to target to be measured and
The measurement for knowing the standard body of RCS respectively obtains the S parameter of respective scattered wave；By the S parameter of target to be measured scattered wave, to
The S parameter of object scattered wave and the RCS of standard body are surveyed, derives the RCS of object to be measured.
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