CN109023089B - High-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for ball mill and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for ball mill and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill comprises the following components: B. c, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zr, Mo, Ni, V, Ti, Sr, Nb, Ce and Nd, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill and a preparation method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a high-toughness low-wear-resistant ball for a ball mill and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ball mill is a key device for crushing materials after the materials are crushed, and is widely applied to the industries of mineral separation, building materials, chemical industry and the like. The performance of the wear-resistant balls directly influences the ball milling effect and the working efficiency of the ball mill as an important consumable material for the operation of the ball mill, and the working principle of the wear-resistant balls is that the materials are crushed by using the impact and grinding of the wear-resistant balls and the materials, so the wear-resistant balls need good mechanical property and wear resistance, and the existing wear-resistant balls for the ball mill have the defects of low toughness, large abrasion and short service life, and influence the use of the wear-resistant balls.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.04-0.09%, C: 0.7-1.2%, Mg: 0.02 to 0.06%, Al: 0.1-0.15%, Si: 0.45-0.7%, Cu: 0.15-0.3%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 1.2-2.2%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.1%, Mo: 0.25-0.3%, Ni: 0.1-0.2%, V: 0.05-0.1%, Ti: 0.15-0.25%, Sr: 0.02 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.1-0.2%, Ce: 0.02-0.08%, Nd: 0.02-0.08%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In a specific embodiment, the mass fraction of B may be 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, the mass fraction of C may be 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, the mass fraction of Mg may be 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.035%, 0.04%, 0.05%, the mass fraction of Al may be 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, the mass fraction of Si may be 0.48%, 0.54%, 0.58%, 0.62%, 0.65%, 0.68%, the mass fraction of Cu may be 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.22%, 0.25%, 0.28%, the mass fraction of Mn may be 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 1.1%, the mass fraction of Cr may be 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.1%, Zr may be 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.29%, 26%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.18%, the mass fraction of V may also be 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, the mass fraction of Ti may also be 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.22%, 0.24%, the mass fraction of Sr may also be 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, the mass fraction of Nb may also be 0.12%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.18%, the mass fraction of Ce may also be 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, the mass fraction of Nd may also be 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the mass fractions of C, Ti, Nb satisfy the following relation: w is aC＝0.5×wTi+wNb+ k; wherein k is 0.6% -0.8%, wC、wTi、wNbRespectively the mass fractions of C, Ti and Nb.
Preferably, the mass fractions of Cu, Mo, Ni satisfy the following relation: w is more than or equal to 0.6 percentCu+wMo+wNiLess than or equal to 0.7 percent, wherein,wCu、wMo、wNithe mass fractions of Cu, Mo and Ni are respectively.
Preferably, the mass fractions of Mg, Al, Ti, Ce, Nd satisfy the following relation: w is more than or equal to 0.42 percentMg+wAl+wTi+wCe+wNdLess than or equal to 0.55 percent, wherein wMg、wAl、wTi、wCe、wNdRespectively the mass fractions of Mg, Al, Ti, Ce and Nd.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A;
s3, carrying out heat treatment on the material A to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill.
Preferably, in S1, the smelting temperature is 1620-1640 ℃.
Preferably, in S2, the casting temperature is 1420-.
Preferably, in S3, the heat treatment process is as follows: heating the material A to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-45min, heating to 780 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.5-4.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60-70min, heating to 915 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5-2h, air cooling to 660 ℃ at 620 ℃ and cooling to room temperature, heating to 340 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-2.5h, heating to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-1.5h, cooling to room temperature, cleaning and standing for 6-8 h.
According to the invention, the content of each alloy element is optimized, the content of heavy metal elements in a system is reduced on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property of the wear-resistant ball, and the heavy metal pollution of the wear-resistant ball to the environment is effectively reduced; the product of the invention has good performance by reasonably controlling the contents of Cu, Mo and NiThe hardenability is beneficial to improving the integral uniformity of the wear-resistant ball, effectively promotes the formation of austenite and is also beneficial to generating a certain amount of stable martensite, so that the product has good impact toughness and wear resistance; the content of C, Ti and Nb is reasonably controlled to meet the requirement of wC＝0.5×wTi+wNbThe function relation of + k, the cooperation of the three has good synergistic effect, and the NbC and TiC which are dispersed and distributed are generated in the system and are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates, so that the structure is effectively refined, and the hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the product are obviously improved; the ferrotitanium, the aluminum-magnesium alloy and the rare earth ferroalloy are reasonably added in the smelting process, and the contents of Mg, Al, Ti, Ce and Nd in a system are controlled, so that the elements are matched to play a role of function complementation, the product has good metamorphic effect, has good effects of deoxidation, dehydrogenation, desulfurization and nitrogen fixation, can effectively purify alloy liquid and refine tissues, can eliminate dendritic crystal disorder in the product, effectively improves the tissue structure of the product, further improves the wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness and fatigue strength of the product, and prolongs the service life of the product; in the preparation process, by optimizing the smelting and pouring process and reasonably setting the smelting and pouring temperature, the alloy liquid has good purity, fluidity and uniformity, the material A obtained by pouring has a refined and compact tissue structure, the microstructure morphology is good, and the mechanical property and stability of the product are further effectively improved; and then reasonably setting heat treatment process parameters, wherein the formation of austenite in a system is facilitated and eutectic structures are promoted to be dissolved into austenite by optimizing the heating rate, the heat preservation temperature and time, the homogenization degree of the product is improved, quenching is carried out by combining air cooling and water cooling, two-stage tempering is adopted, the structure stress is effectively eliminated, the generation of thermal cracks is prevented, the precipitation and growth of carbides are limited, the formation of net-shaped and dendritic structures in the product is destroyed, the austenite is promoted to be converted into martensite and ferrite, the product structure is more compact and fine after heat treatment, the toughness and hardness of the product are effectively improved, the abrasion of the product is obviously reduced, and the work efficiency of the ball mill is facilitated to be improved. The invention provides a ball mill heightThe wear-resistant ball with low toughness and wear resistance and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the product obtained by optimizing the content of each alloy element and the preparation process has high toughness, low wear resistance and long service life.
The performance test of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill provided by the invention is carried out, and the test result is as follows: the hardness is 66.2-69.5HRC, and the impact toughness is 22.5-26.2J/cm2The average ball consumption is 16-24 g/t.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.04%, C: 0.7%, Mg: 0.06%, Al: 0.1%, Si: 0.45%, Cu: 0.3%, Mn: 0.8%, Cr: 1.2%, Zr: 0.1%, Mo: 0.25%, Ni: 0.2%, V: 0.05%, Ti: 0.15%, Sr: 0.06%, Nb: 0.1%, Ce: 0.08%, Nd: 0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A;
s3, carrying out heat treatment on the material A to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill.
Example 2
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.09%, C: 1.2%, Mg: 0.02%, Al: 0.15%, Si: 0.7%, Cu: 0.15%, Mn: 1.2%, Cr: 2.2%, Zr: 0.05%, Mo: 0.3%, Ni: 0.1%, V: 0.1%, Ti: 0.25%, Sr: 0.02%, Nb: 0.2%, Ce: 0.02%, Nd: 0.08%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid; wherein the smelting temperature is 1620 ℃;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A; wherein the casting temperature is 1420 ℃;
s3, heating the material A to 620 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 45min, heating to 760 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min, heating to 905 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5h, air-cooling to 620 ℃, water-cooling to room temperature, heating to 320 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, heating to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, oil-cooling to room temperature, cleaning, and standing for 6h to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill.
Example 3
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.08%, C: 1%, Mg: 0.05%, Al: 0.12%, Si: 0.52%, Cu: 0.22%, Mn: 1%, Cr: 1.6%, Zr: 0.08%, Mo: 0.28%, Ni: 0.18%, V: 0.08%, Ti: 0.2%, Sr: 0.04%, Nb: 0.16%, Ce: 0.05%, Nd: 0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid; wherein the smelting temperature is 1630 ℃;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A; wherein, the casting temperature is 1425 ℃;
s3, heating the material A to 630 ℃ at a heating rate of 4.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, heating to 770 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 65min, heating to 910 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.8h, air-cooling to 640 ℃, water-cooling to room temperature, heating to 330 ℃ at a heating rate of 5.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2.2h, heating to 470 ℃ at a heating rate of 6.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.2h, oil-cooling to room temperature, cleaning, and standing for 7h to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill.
Example 4
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.05%, C: 0.85%, Mg: 0.04%, Al: 0.12%, Si: 0.65%, Cu: 0.26%, Mn: 0.95%, Cr: 1.4%, Zr: 0.06%, Mo: 0.26%, Ni: 0.12%, V: 0.06%, Ti: 0.18%, Sr: 0.04%, Nb: 0.12%, Ce: 0.07%, Nd: 0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid; wherein the smelting temperature is 1640 ℃;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A; wherein the casting temperature is 1430 ℃;
s3, heating the material A to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, heating to 780 ℃ at a heating rate of 4.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 915 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, air-cooling to 660 ℃, water-cooling to room temperature, heating to 340 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2.5h, heating to 460 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5h, oil-cooling to room temperature, cleaning, and standing for 8h to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill.
Example 5
The invention provides a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.08%, C: 1.1%, Mg: 0.05%, Al: 0.14%, Si: 0.65%, Cu: 0.18%, Mn: 1.05%, Cr: 2.1%, Zr: 0.09%, Mo: 0.25-0.3%, Ni: 0.18%, V: 0.09%, Ti: 0.22%, Sr: 0.05%, Nb: 0.16%, Ce: 0.04%, Nd: 0.06%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid; wherein the smelting temperature is 1635 ℃;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A; wherein, the casting temperature is 1422 ℃;
s3, heating the material A to 625 ℃ at a heating rate of 4.2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 775 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 62min, heating to 912 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.6h, air-cooling to 625 ℃, water-cooling to room temperature, heating to 325 ℃ at a heating rate of 5.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2.4h, heating to 475 ℃ at a heating rate of 6.8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.2h, oil-cooling to room temperature, cleaning, and standing for 7.5h to obtain the high-toughness low-abrasion resistant ball for the ball mill.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: b: 0.04-0.09%, C: 0.7-1.2%, Mg: 0.02 to 0.06%, Al: 0.1-0.15%, Si: 0.45-0.7%, Cu: 0.15-0.3%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 1.2-2.2%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.1%, Mo: 0.25-0.3%, Ni: 0.1-0.2%, V: 0.05-0.1%, Ti: 0.15-0.25%, Sr: 0.02 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.1-0.2%, Ce: 0.02-0.08%, Nd: 0.02-0.08%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, placing the scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrocolumbium into a high-frequency induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotitanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy and rare earth ferroalloy after the materials are molten, continuing smelting, removing impurities, and detecting components to obtain alloy liquid;
s2, casting and molding the alloy liquid to obtain a material A;
s3, carrying out heat treatment on the material A to obtain a high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for a ball mill;
in S3, the heat treatment process is as follows: heating the material A to 640 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-45min, heating to 780 ℃ at a heating rate of 3.5-4.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60-70min, heating to 915 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5-2h, air cooling to 660 ℃ at 620 ℃ and cooling to room temperature, heating to 340 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-2.5h, heating to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-1.5h, cooling to room temperature, cleaning and standing for 6-8 h.
2. The high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of C, Ti and Nb satisfies the following relation: w is aC=0.5×wTi+wNb+ k; wherein k =0.6% -0.8%, wC、wTi、wNbRespectively the mass fractions of C, Ti and Nb.
3. The high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass fractions of Cu, Mo and Ni satisfy the following relation:0.6%≤wCu+wMo+wNiless than or equal to 0.7 percent, wherein, wCu、wMo、wNiThe mass fractions of Cu, Mo and Ni are respectively.
4. The high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass fractions of Mg, Al, Ti, Ce and Nd satisfy the following relation: w is more than or equal to 0.42 percentMg+wAl+wTi+wCe+wNdLess than or equal to 0.55 percent, wherein wMg、wAl、wTi、wCe、wNdRespectively the mass fractions of Mg, Al, Ti, Ce and Nd.
5. The method for preparing the high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant ball for the ball mill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the melting temperature in S1 is 1620-1640 ℃.
6. The method for preparing high-toughness low-abrasion wear-resistant balls for ball mills as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in S2, the casting temperature is 1420-1430 ℃.
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