CN109020406B - Inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109020406B CN109020406B CN201811145259.XA CN201811145259A CN109020406B CN 109020406 B CN109020406 B CN 109020406B CN 201811145259 A CN201811145259 A CN 201811145259A CN 109020406 B CN109020406 B CN 109020406B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention relates to inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete and a preparation method thereof. An inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete is mainly prepared by mixing the following components: cement in parts by weight: 150-210 parts of bentonite: 40-80 parts of clay: 75-105 parts of coarse sand: 398-513 parts, rice sand: 398-513 parts, wherein the parts by weight of the melon seed pieces are as follows: 398 to 513 parts, a polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant: 0.6-1 part of fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.1-2 parts of polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.5-1.5 parts of non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0002-0.02 part of water: 300-380 parts. Compared with the existing moulding concrete, the plastic concrete has higher inorganic salt resistance, can keep the same level as the existing moulding concrete in the aspects of early strength, water permeability resistance, workability and the like, and is even better than the existing moulding concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seepage-proofing engineering, in particular to inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, patent application CN102617073A discloses a plastic concrete for an impervious wall, which comprises a cementing material, aggregates, a water reducing agent and water, and realizes high doping utilization of fly ash in the plastic concrete by adjusting the particle size, sand ratio, water-cement ratio and the like of the aggregates. CN105236901A discloses a plastic concrete for anti-seepage and a preparation method thereof, comprising cement, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum, clay, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, redispersible latex powder, sodium carbonate, calcium acrylate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium silicate and water, wherein the early strength and anti-seepage performance of the plastic concrete are improved by adopting the combination of ordinary portland cement and slag portland cement, the workability and strength of the plastic concrete are improved by adding the redispersible latex powder, and the anti-seepage capability of the concrete is further improved by adding the calcium acrylate.
However, the plastic concrete in the above technology is corroded by seawater, especially inorganic salt in seawater, which affects the bentonite effect and reduces the strength and the anti-seepage performance of the plastic concrete.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete which has higher inorganic salt resistance than existing plastic concrete and can maintain the same level as existing plastic concrete in terms of early strength, water impermeability, workability, etc., even better than existing plastic concrete.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the preparation method of the inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete, which can improve the uniformity of the plastic concrete material, the cohesive force of the material content and the inorganic salt resistant performance of the surface, and has simple process and low operation difficulty.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete is mainly prepared by mixing the following components: based on the weight portion, the weight portion of the material,
cement: 150 to 210 parts of (A) to (B),
bentonite: 40-80 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
clay: 75 to 105 parts by weight of a water-soluble polymer,
coarse sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
rice sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
melon seed slices: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactants: 0.6 to 1 part by weight of a stabilizer,
fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of a stabilizer,
polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight,
non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0002 to 0.02 part by weight,
water: 300-380 parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the inorganic salt permeability resistance of the plastic concrete mainly by changing the composition of the aggregate and adding the composite surfactant, and improves the comprehensive performance of the plastic concrete by utilizing the synergistic effect among the aggregate, the cementing material and the surfactant, so that the plastic concrete meets the performance requirement of the impermeability.
Wherein, the coarse sand, the rice sand, the melon seed pieces, the clay, the bentonite and the cement with the gradient particle size improve the uniformity of the plastic concrete and are beneficial to improving the early strength of the plastic concrete.
The polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant can effectively improve the resistance of plastic concrete to inorganic salts and ensure the strength and the permeability coefficient.
The polyether nonionic surfactant improves the resistance of the plastic concrete to chemical reagents and enhances the stability.
The invention adds the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant to form a protective layer on the surface layer of the plastic concrete, thereby reducing the ion adsorption of the plastic concrete and further improving the resistance to inorganic salts.
The invention adds non-ionic polyacrylamide, reduces the influence of underground water on the plastic concrete, strengthens the cohesion among the components and is beneficial to improving the early strength of the plastic concrete.
Although the above polymers exert their respective dominant effects, it has been found that if only one, two or three of them are added, but not all of them are added, or other ratios are used, the desired inorganic salt resistance can not be obtained.
In addition, the plastic concrete described above can be further improved, as follows.
Preferably, the amount of the organic solvent is, in parts by weight,
cement: 160 to 210 parts, preferably 160 to 200 parts, preferably 180 to 200 parts,
bentonite: 50 to 80 parts, preferably 50 to 70 parts, preferably 60 to 80 parts,
clay: 80 to 105 parts, preferably 80 to 100 parts, preferably 90 to 105 parts,
coarse sand: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts,
rice sand: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts,
melon seed slices: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts,
polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactants: 0.7 to 1 part, preferably 0.8 to 1 part,
fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.3 to 2 parts, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts,
polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.8 to 1.5 parts, preferably 1 to 1.5 parts,
non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0005 to 0.02 part, preferably 0.005 to 0.01 part,
water: 300-380 parts.
Preferably, the cement is a 42.5 strength grade ordinary portland cement.
Preferably, the bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the granularity of the bentonite meets 400 meshes, and the screen residue is less than 10%.
Preferably, the clay is selected from powdery clay, the water content of the clay is below 8%, and the particle size of the clay meets 100 meshes and the screen residue is below 10%.
Preferably, the coarse sand is river sand with the particle size of 0.5-3 mm.
Preferably, the rice sand is formed by crushing cobbles, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the melon seed pieces are formed by crushing cobbles, and the particle size is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the coarse sand: rice sand: the mass ratio of the melon seed slices is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant is alcohol ether sulfate, preferably fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, preferably C12-C14 fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
Preferably, the fluorocarbon surfactant is polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.4 k-2 k.
Preferably, the fluorocarbon in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxahexyl) fluoride, or perfluoro-2, 5-dimethyl-3, 6-dioxononanoyl fluoride.
Preferably, the polyether nonionic surfactant is an ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, wherein the number of ethylene oxide groups is preferably 40-50.
The plastic concrete provided by the invention can be prepared by any conventional preparation method, such as simple mixing, however, the research shows that the mixing sequence, the adding time of water and surfactant, the adding mode of the bulked soil and the like have a remarkable influence on the performance of the plastic concrete, and therefore, the invention provides the following preferable preparation methods:
preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
step A: mixing polyoxyethylene ionic surfactant with part of water and part of bentonite, standing and puffing to obtain bentonite slurry;
and B: uniformly mixing nonionic polyacrylamide with residual water, polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether nonionic surfactant to prepare a regulating solution;
and C: and mixing the rest raw materials with the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution uniformly.
In the preparation method, part of bentonite is expanded into slurry in advance, and the polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant is added, so that a waterproof inorganic salt-resistant mud skin can be formed on the surface of the plastic concrete, and the early strength and the resistance to inorganic salt of the plastic concrete are improved.
The non-ionic polyacrylamide, the fluorocarbon surfactant and the polyether type non-ionic surfactant are mixed into the conditioning solution and then mixed with the aggregate, so that the internal cohesive force and the resistance to inorganic salt of the plastic concrete are improved.
Preferably, in the step A, the water amount used is 90% of the total water amount, and the mass ratio of the water amount used to the bentonite used is 100: 10-15.
Preferably, the step C further comprises: adding and mixing cement, clay, coarse sand, rice sand, melon seed pieces and the rest bentonite in sequence from large particle size to small particle size one by one to prepare a dry material, and then uniformly mixing the dry material, the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution.
Preferably, the step B is further:
mixing non-ionic polyacrylamide and residual water under heating, cooling, adding polyethylene glycol hydrophilic non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether type non-ionic surfactant, and mixing to obtain the final product.
Preferably, the puffing time is more than 24 h.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
(1) the inorganic salt resistance is strong;
(2) the water-resistant permeability is strong;
(3) the early strength is high;
(4) the workability is strong;
(5) the preparation method has simple process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described examples are some, not all, of the examples of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the invention is based on the following basic formula, namely, the plastic concrete resisting inorganic salt, which is mainly mixed by the following components: based on the weight portion, the weight portion of the material,
cement: 150 to 210 parts of (A) to (B),
bentonite: 40-80 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
clay: 75 to 105 parts by weight of a water-soluble polymer,
coarse sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
rice sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
melon seed slices: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactants: 0.6 to 1 part by weight of a stabilizer,
fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of a stabilizer,
polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight,
non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0002 to 0.02 part by weight,
water: 300-380 parts.
The plastic concrete improves the inorganic salt permeability resistance of the plastic concrete by changing the composition of the aggregate and adding the composite surfactant, improves the comprehensive performance of the plastic concrete by utilizing the synergistic effect among the aggregate, the cementing material and the surfactant, ensures that the plastic concrete meets the performance requirement of the impermeability, at least maintains the same level as the existing plastic concrete in the aspects of early strength, impermeability, workability and the like, and is even superior to the existing plastic concrete.
The plastic concrete can be further improved in proportion.
The cement may take a value within any range, for example, 160 to 210 parts, preferably 160 to 200 parts, preferably 180 to 200 parts, specifically, 160 parts, 170 parts, 180 parts, 190 parts, 200 parts, 210 parts, etc., in parts by weight.
The bentonite may take any of the following values in parts by weight, for example: 50 to 80 parts, preferably 50 to 70 parts, preferably 50 to 60 parts, specifically, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts, 75 parts and the like can be taken.
The clay may take any of the following values in parts by weight, such as: 80 to 105 parts, preferably 80 to 100 parts, preferably 80 to 90 parts, specifically, 80 parts, 85 parts, 90 parts, 95 parts, 100 parts, 105 parts and the like can be taken.
The grit can take any of the following values in parts by weight, for example: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts, specifically, may be 450 parts, 470 parts, 490 parts, 500 parts, 510 parts.
The rice grit can take any of the following values in parts by weight, for example: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts, specifically, may be 450 parts, 470 parts, 490 parts, 500 parts, 510 parts.
The melon seed slices can take the following values within any range in parts by weight: 450 to 513 parts, preferably 450 to 490 parts, preferably 450 to 480 parts, specifically, may be 450 parts, 470 parts, 490 parts, 500 parts, 510 parts.
The polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant may take any value within any range, in parts by weight, such as: 0.7 to 1 part, preferably 0.8 to 1 part, specifically, may be 0.7 parts, 0.8 parts, 0.9 parts, 1 part, etc.
The fluorocarbon surfactant may take any of the following values, in parts by weight, such as: 0.3 to 2 parts, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts, specifically, may be 0.3 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.9 parts, 1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.7 parts, etc.
The polyether nonionic surfactant may take a value within any range of the following, for example, in parts by weight: 0.8 to 1.5 parts, preferably 1 to 1.5 parts, specifically, may be 0.1 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.9 parts, 1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.5 parts and so on.
The nonionic polyacrylamide may take any of the following values in parts by weight, for example: 0.0005 to 0.02 part, preferably 0.005 to 0.01 part, specifically, may be 0.0007 part, 0.001 part, 0.003 part, 0.005 part, 0.01 part, 0.015 part, 0.02 part and so on.
The water may take any of the following values in parts by weight, such as: 300 to 380 parts, specifically, 300 parts, 310 parts, 320 parts, 330 parts, 340 parts, 350 parts, 360 parts, 370 parts and the like may be used.
The cement is Portland cement or the like, preferably ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5.
The bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the granularity of the bentonite meets 400-mesh screen residue and is less than 10%.
Preferably, the clay is selected from powdery clay, the water content of the clay is below 8%, and the particle size of the clay meets 100 meshes and the screen residue is below 10%.
Preferably, the coarse sand is river sand with the particle size of 0.5-3 mm;
preferably, the rice sand is formed by crushing cobbles, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the melon seed pieces are formed by crushing cobbles, and the particle size is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the coarse sand: rice sand: the mass ratio of the melon seed tablets is 1:1: 1.
preferably, the polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant is an alcohol ether sulfate, preferably a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, preferably a C12-C14 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, such as a C12 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, a C13 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate or a C14 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
Preferably, the fluorocarbon surfactant is polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.4 k-2 k.
Preferably, the fluorocarbon in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxahexyl) fluoride, or perfluoro-2, 5-dimethyl-3, 6-dioxononanoyl fluoride.
Preferably, the polyether nonionic surfactant is an ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, wherein the number of ethylene oxide groups is preferably 40 to 50, such as 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, and the like.
In the preparation of the above wet concrete, the mixing method is arbitrary, and for the sake of brief explanation, the following examples all adopt a preferable preparation method, that is:
step A: mixing polyoxyethylene ionic surfactant with part of water and part of bentonite, standing and puffing to obtain bentonite slurry;
and B: uniformly mixing nonionic polyacrylamide with residual water, polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether nonionic surfactant to prepare a regulating solution;
and C: and mixing the rest raw materials with the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution uniformly.
Wherein, the water amount used in the step A and the step B can be adjusted according to the actual requirement; preferably, the amount of water used in step a is 90% of the total amount of water, and the mass ratio of the amount of water used to the amount of bentonite used is 100:10 to 15, for example 100:11, 100:12, 100:13, 100:14, 100:15, etc.
The step C is further as follows: adding and mixing cement, clay, coarse sand, rice sand, melon seed pieces and the rest bentonite one by one according to the order of the particle size from large to small to prepare a dry material, and then uniformly mixing the dry material with the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution; according to the method, dry materials are mixed in advance according to the particle size from large to small, so that the uniformity of the materials is improved, and the early strength of the plastic concrete is improved.
Preferably, the step B is further:
mixing non-ionic polyacrylamide with the rest water under heating, cooling, adding polyethylene glycol hydrophilic non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether type non-ionic surfactant, and mixing to obtain a regulating solution; the polyacrylamide is dissolved in water, so that the formation of the mesh nodes in the gel can be stimulated, and the improvement of the molecular cohesion of the plastic concrete is facilitated. Wherein the heating temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, the puffing time is more than 24 h.
In three steps, mixing in each step requires a combination of agitation. For example, in step A, the mixture may be stirred and mixed for 15min at a rotation speed of 3000 r/min.
In the step B, stirring and mixing can be carried out for 10min at the rotating speed of 200 r/min.
In the step C, dry materials are mixed firstly in a mixing mode: adding the materials in sequence according to the particle size from large to small, mixing the melon seed slices, the rice sand, the coarse sand, the clay, the cement and the bentonite together, adding one material each time, stirring for 5-10 min, and preparing into a dry mixed material.
In the step A, when the polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant, part of water and part of bentonite are mixed, the polyoxyethylated ionic surfactant and the water are mixed at normal temperature (20-40 ℃), then the bentonite is added, and the mixture is stirred at high speed.
Example 1
Based on each cubic plastic concrete, 150kg of cement (42.5 common portland cement), 40kg of sodium bentonite (the granularity is below 10 percent when a 400-mesh sieve is met), 75kg of clay (the water content is below 8 percent and the granularity is below 10 percent when a 100-mesh sieve is met), 513kg of coarse sand (0.5-3 mm), 513kg of rice sand (3-5 mm), 513kg of melon seed pieces (5-10 mm), 0.6kg of alcohol ether sulfate (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate), 0.1kg of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (wherein the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 1.8k, fluorocarbon is perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxahexyl) fluoride), 0.5kg of ethylene oxide addition product of polypropylene glycol (wherein the number of ethylene oxide groups is 45), 0.0002kg of nonionic polyacrylamide and 300kg of water are mixed. The plastic concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
Example 2
Based on each cubic meter of plastic concrete, 160kg of cement (42.5 kg of ordinary portland cement), 50kg of nano bentonite (the type is the same as that in example 1), 80kg of clay (the type is the same as that in example 1), 487kg of coarse sand (the type is the same as that in example 1), 487kg of nano sand (the type is the same as that in example 1), 487kg of melon seed pieces (the type is the same as that in example 1), 0.7kg of alcohol ether sulfate (the type is the same as that in example 1), 0.4kg of polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (the type is the same as that in example 1), 0.7kg of ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol (the type is the same as that in example 1), 0.005kg of nonionic polyacrylamide and 320kg of water are mixed. The plastic concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
Example 3
Based on each cubic meter of plastic concrete, 180kg of cement (42.5 kg of ordinary portland cement), 60kg of nano bentonite (the model is the same as that of example 1), 90kg of clay (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of coarse sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of nano sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of melon seed pieces (the model is the same as that of example 1), 0.8kg of alcohol ether sulfate (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1kg of polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1kg of ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol (the model is the same as that of example 1), 0.01kg of nonionic polyacrylamide and 330kg of water are mixed. The plastic concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
Example 4
Based on each cubic meter of plastic concrete, 200kg of cement (42.5 kg of ordinary portland cement), 72kg of nano bentonite (the model is the same as that of example 1), 100kg of clay (the model is the same as that of example 1), 424kg of coarse sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 424kg of rice sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 424kg of melon seed pieces (the model is the same as that of example 1), 0.9kg of alcohol ether sulfate (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1.8kg of polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1.3kg of ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol (the model is the same as that of example 1), 0.015kg of nonionic polyacrylamide and 360kg of water are mixed. The plastic concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
Example 5
Based on each cubic meter of plastic concrete, 210kg of cement (42.5 kg of ordinary portland cement), 80kg of nano bentonite (the model is the same as that of example 1), 105kg of clay (the model is the same as that of example 1), 398kg of coarse sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 398kg of nano sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 398kg of melon seed pieces (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1kg of alcohol ether sulfate (the model is the same as that of example 1), 2kg of polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant (the model is the same as that of example 1), 1.5kg of ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol (the model is the same as that of example 1), 0.02kg of nonionic polyacrylamide and 380kg of water are mixed. The plastic concrete is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
The preparation method of the plastic concrete of all the above examples is as follows:
(1) the alcohol ether sulfate is uniformly mixed with 90 wt% of water at the temperature of 20-40 ℃, then mixed with 11 wt% of sodium bentonite, stirred and mixed for 15min at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, and then kept stand and puffed for 24h to prepare bentonite slurry.
(2) Mixing non-ionic polyacrylamide with 10 wt% of water at 60-80 ℃, cooling to 20-40 ℃, sequentially mixing with polyethylene glycol hydrophilic non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyethylene glycol ethylene oxide adduct, stirring and mixing for 10min at the rotating speed of 200r/min, and preparing the regulating solution.
(3) Adding the materials in sequence according to the particle size from large to small, mixing the melon seed slices, the rice sand, the coarse sand, the clay, the cement and the bentonite together, adding one material each time, stirring for 5-10 min, and preparing into a dry mixed material.
(4) And uniformly mixing the mixed dry material with the regulating solution, and then uniformly mixing the mixed dry material with the bentonite slurry to obtain the inorganic salt resistant seepage-proofing plastic concrete.
Comparative example 1
Blank example
For each cubic meter of plastic concrete, 180kg of cement (42.5 kg of ordinary portland cement), 60kg of nano-bentonite (the model is the same as that of example 1), 90kg of clay (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of coarse sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of nano-sand (the model is the same as that of example 1), 465kg of melon seed pieces and 330kg of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding water into bentonite, standing for puffing for 24h, mixing clay, coarse sand, rice sand, melon seed slices and cement in order of particle size from large to small, mixing with puffed bentonite, water and other raw materials, and stirring and mixing at 3000r/min for 15 min.
The properties of the plastic concrete obtained above are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (39)
1. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete is characterized by being mainly prepared by mixing the following components: based on the weight portion, the weight portion of the material,
cement: 150 to 210 parts of (A) to (B),
bentonite: 40-80 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
clay: 75 to 105 parts by weight of a water-soluble polymer,
coarse sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
rice sand: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
melon seed slices: 398 to 513 parts by weight of a solvent,
polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactants: 0.6 to 1 part by weight of a stabilizer,
fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of a stabilizer,
polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight,
non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0002 to 0.02 part by weight,
water: 300-380 parts;
the preparation method of the inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete comprises the following steps:
step A: mixing polyoxyethylene ionic surfactant with part of water and part of bentonite, standing and puffing to obtain bentonite slurry;
and B: uniformly mixing nonionic polyacrylamide with residual water, polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether nonionic surfactant to prepare a regulating solution;
and C: and mixing the rest raw materials with the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution uniformly.
2. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that,
cement: 160-210 parts of a water-soluble polymer,
bentonite: 50-80 parts of a water-soluble polymer,
clay: 80 to 105 parts by weight of a stabilizer,
coarse sand: 450 to 513 parts of a mixture of the components,
rice sand: 450 to 513 parts of a mixture of the components,
melon seed slices: 450 to 513 parts of a mixture of the components,
polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactants: 0.7 to 1 part by weight of a stabilizer,
fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of a stabilizer,
polyether type nonionic surfactant: 0.8 to 1.5 parts of,
non-ionic polyacrylamide: 0.0005 to 0.02 part by weight,
water: 300-380 parts.
3. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the cement is 160 to 200 parts.
4. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the cement is 180 to 200 parts.
5. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the bentonite is 50 to 70 parts.
6. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the bentonite is 60 to 80 parts.
7. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the clay is 80 to 100 parts.
8. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the clay is 90 to 105 parts.
9. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the coarse sand is 450 to 490 parts.
10. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the coarse sand is 450 to 480 parts.
11. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the rice sand is 450 to 490 parts.
12. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the rice sand is 450 to 480 parts.
13. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the melon seed pieces are 450 to 490 parts.
14. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the melon seed pieces are 450 to 480 parts.
15. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactant is 0.8 to 1 part.
16. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.5 to 2 parts.
17. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.5 to 1.5 parts.
18. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the polyether type nonionic surfactant is 1 to 1.5 parts.
19. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the nonionic polyacrylamide is 0.005 to 0.02 part.
20. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 2, wherein the nonionic polyacrylamide is 0.005 to 0.01 part.
21. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the cement is portland cement grade 42.5 strength.
22. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the bentonite is sodium bentonite, and the particle size of the bentonite satisfies 400 mesh with a screen residue of 10% or less.
23. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the clay is selected from powdery clay having a water content of 8% or less and a particle size satisfying 100 mesh with a residue of 10% or less.
24. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the coarse sand is river sand having a particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm.
25. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the rice sands are crushed from pebbles of hill type, and have a particle size of 3 to 5 mm.
26. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the melon seed pieces is 5-10 mm, and the melon seed pieces are formed by crushing cobblestones.
27. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of coarse sand: rice sand: the mass ratio of the melon seed slices is 1:1: 1.
28. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the polyoxyethylenated ionic surfactant is an alcohol ether sulfate.
29. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 28, wherein the alcohol ether sulfate is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
30. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 29, wherein the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is C12-C14 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
31. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactants.
32. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 31, wherein the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.4 k-2 k.
33. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 31, wherein the fluorocarbon in the polyethylene glycol hydrophilic nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluoro (2-methyl-3-oxahexyl) fluoride, or perfluoro-2, 5-dimethyl-3, 6-dioxononanoyl fluoride.
34. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the polyether type nonionic surfactant is an adduct of ethylene oxide of polypropylene glycol.
35. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 34, wherein the number of the oxirane groups is 40 to 50.
36. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the amount of water used is 90% of the total amount of water, and the mass ratio of the amount of water used to the amount of bentonite used is 100:10 to 15.
37. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein said step C is further: adding and mixing cement, clay, coarse sand, rice sand, melon seed pieces and the rest bentonite in sequence from large particle size to small particle size one by one to prepare a dry material, and then uniformly mixing the dry material, the bentonite slurry and the regulating solution.
38. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein said step B is further:
mixing non-ionic polyacrylamide and residual water under heating, cooling, adding polyethylene glycol hydrophilic non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether type non-ionic surfactant, and mixing to obtain the final product.
39. The inorganic salt resistant plastic concrete according to claim 1, wherein the time for expansion is 24 hours or more.
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