CN109004481B - grounding electric brush and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
grounding electric brush and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109004481B CN109004481B CN201810819137.8A CN201810819137A CN109004481B CN 109004481 B CN109004481 B CN 109004481B CN 201810819137 A CN201810819137 A CN 201810819137A CN 109004481 B CN109004481 B CN 109004481B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
- H01R39/22—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof incorporating lubricating or polishing ingredient
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/12—Manufacture of brushes
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
the invention discloses a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electric brushes. The grounding brush of the invention is made of the following raw materialsThe preparation method comprises the following steps: graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an antiwear agent and washing oil. The invention also provides a preparation method of the grounding electric brush, which comprises the steps of putting the raw materials into a cold mixer for mixing, then sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, putting the sieved part into a mould at 4t/cm3Pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3‑5.75g/cm3the electric brush rough blank is placed in a mesh belt furnace and is respectively heated for 1h to 1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ in sequence. The grounding electric brush has the advantages of low resistivity, good wear resistance, no lead, long service life and high wear resistance, and is suitable for motors.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electric brushes.
Background
Some rotating machines, due to their mechanical or electrical properties, generate induced electrical potentials and voltages on the rotating shaft when rotating, if the induced voltage is not processed, such as a rotating machine without a grounding brush or a voltage relief system, the induced voltage seeks a discharge path and the metal body on the rotating machine becomes the ground conductor for the induced voltage, which is typically a bearing or seal for the rotor, the arc generated by the induced voltage is an electrostatic discharge, these arcs can damage the metal surface and enlarge the normally running seal gap between the components, if the electrostatic discharge is not handled in time, the bearings and seals will be gradually damaged, the dynamic characteristics of the rotor will slowly change, eventually the rotor may be damaged, leading to expensive repair work, and the use of the grounding brush to release the induced voltage can help avoid this problem.
The grounding electric brush is required to have the advantages of good flow conductivity, excellent wear resistance, high pressure resistance, long service life, environmental protection and the like; furthermore, the electrical resistivity of the brush is required to be low. However, the poor service performance of the common electric brush can not meet various requirements of the motor on the electric brush, such as poor wear resistance, poor stability and short service life, and the electric brush containing lead is not environment-friendly.
The wear resistance of the electric brush depends on the strength, the friction coefficient and the quality of the oxide film, half of the electric brush increases the copper content for reducing the resistivity, the graphite content is inevitably required to be reduced for increasing the copper content, the graphite is used as a lubricant to reduce the friction coefficient in the electric brush and establish the oxide film, and meanwhile, the increase of the metal content can cause the problems of short service life and poor stability.
Disclosure of Invention
in order to solve the problems of poor wear resistance, poor stability, short service life, lead-containing environmental pollution and the like of the existing electric brush, the invention provides a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a grounding electric brush for a motor and a preparation method thereof, the grounding electric brush has low resistivity, good wear resistance, no lead, long service life and high wear resistance, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
The invention aims to provide a grounding brush which is prepared from the following raw materials: graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an antiwear agent and washing oil.
Preferably, the grounding brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of graphite powder, 70-75 parts of copper powder, 2-8 parts of tin powder, 5-11 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.1-0.5 part of antiwear agent and 0.1-0.2 part of washing oil.
More preferably, the grounding brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of graphite powder, 75 parts of copper powder, 5 parts of tin powder, 8 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.3 part of an antiwear agent and 0.1 part of washing oil.
Preferably, the antiwear agent is silicon carbide. According to the invention, the prepared grounding electric brush has excellent friction performance, lower friction coefficient and high compressive strength by adopting the silicon carbide as an antiwear agent.
Preferably, the average particle size of the silicon carbide is 200 to 300 meshes. In the invention, the silicon carbide with the average grain diameter of 200-300 meshes is adopted, so that a better effect can be obtained, the wear-resisting effect cannot be achieved when the grain diameter is too small, and the wear can be caused to the commutator when the grain diameter is too large, so that the commutator is damaged. Among them, the above effects are most preferable when the average particle size of the silicon carbide is 300 mesh.
Preferably, the copper powder is light copper powder, namely the apparent density of the copper powder is 1.0g/cm3The following. The invention adopts the loose packing density of 1.0g/cm3The following copper powder enables the production of ground electrodesThe brush can form metal grids more easily during sintering, so that the resistivity of the brush is reduced, and the stability is good. More preferably, the copper powder has a bulk density of 0.9g/cm3-1.0g/cm3The above effects are better, and optimally, the apparent density of the copper powder is 0.9g/cm3The above effects are the best.
Preferably, the graphite powder is natural graphite powder. The invention adopts natural graphite, so that the prepared grounding electric brush has the characteristics of light weight, good electric conduction, heat conduction and lubricating performance and excellent machining performance.
more preferably, the graphite powder is flake graphite powder. The flake graphite powder is one of natural graphite powder.
more preferably, the average particle size of the crystalline flake graphite is 300 meshes, the carbon content is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 1 percent. The too small particle size will cause resistance to become large, leading to the conductivity of the brush to deteriorate, and the too large particle size will lead to the brush not enough lubricating ability, the wearability worsens.
Preferably, the granularity of the graphite powder is 200-300 meshes, the carbon content in the graphite powder is more than or equal to 99%, and the ash content is less than or equal to 1%. The graphite powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes, the carbon content of more than or equal to 99 percent and the ash content of less than or equal to 1 percent is adopted, so that the friction coefficient of the prepared grounding electric brush is reduced, the lubricating property is improved, and the commutator cannot be scratched.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the grounding electric brush, which comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing: respectively weighing graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an anti-wear agent and washing oil;
2) Mixing materials: putting graphite powder, an antiwear agent, zinc carbonate, copper powder, tin powder and washing oil into a cold mixer, and mixing for 2-4 hours (preferably 3 hours) at room temperature to obtain pressed powder;
3) And (3) pressing and forming: sieving the pressed powder of step 2) with a 40-mesh sieve, taking the sieved part and placing the sieved part in a mold at 4t/cm3pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3-5.75g/cm3The brush blank of (1);
4) Roasting treatment: placing the electric brush rough blank obtained in the step 3) into a mesh belt furnace, and sequentially heating for 1h-1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ respectively to obtain the grounding electric brush.
Preferably, the bulk density of step 3) is 5.68g/cm3-5.70g/cm3. The volume density of the brush rough blank is controlled to be 5.68g/cm3-5.70g/cm3, so that the prepared grounding brush has low resistivity, improved breaking strength and good wear resistance.
The graphite powder in the formula of the grounding electric brush can adopt artificial graphite powder or natural graphite powder. The natural graphite has the characteristics of light weight, electric conduction, heat conduction, good lubricating property, good machining property and the like, so the effect of selecting the natural graphite is better than that of artificial graphite, and the effect of the natural graphite, particularly the flake graphite, is the best.
the silicon carbide is mainly used for reducing the thickness of an oxide film between the silicon carbide and a commutator and improving the wear resistance of the brush. The invention solves the problem of over-thick friction oxidation film between the electric brush and the commutator by adopting the silicon carbide, and obtains the effect of improving the wear resistance.
The tin powder has the main function of forming an alloy phase with the copper powder, so that the hardness, the strength and the wear resistance of the electric brush are improved. According to the invention, the alloy tin bronze is formed by adopting the tin powder and the copper powder, so that the effects of improving the hardness, the strength and the wear resistance of the electric brush are obtained.
The zinc carbonate in the present invention functions to form an alloy phase with the copper powder. The invention solves the problem of poor wear resistance by adopting the zinc carbonate, and obtains the effect of improving the wear resistance.
The wear resistance of the electric brush depends on the strength, the friction coefficient and the quality of the built oxide film, the general electric brush needs to reduce the content of graphite for reducing the resistivity and increasing the copper content, the graphite is used as a lubricant to reduce the friction coefficient and build the oxide film in the electric brush, and the increase of the metal content can cause the problems of short service life and poor stabilitypowder (apparent density is 1.0 g/cm)3Below) to replace the common electrolytic copper powder (apparent density of 1.4 g/cm) in the existing brush formula3-1.8g/cm3) The resistivity of the electric brush can be adjusted on the premise of not increasing the content of copper powder, so that the low resistivity is obtained, and meanwhile, the wear resistance, the friction coefficient, the stability and the service life are good.
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the electric brush for the motor has reasonable raw material composition and scientific formula, and the prepared electric brush for the motor has excellent wear resistance, high pressure resistance, long service life, environmental protection and the wear resistance is improved by more than 30 percent.
2. The electric brush for the motor uses the silicon carbide, so that the motor has good wear resistance, high stability and high voltage resistance, and the sparks are reduced.
3. The electric brush for the motor has the advantages of low resistivity, good wear resistance, good commutation performance, strong anti-interference capability, long service life, capability of better meeting various requirements of the grounding electric brush and wide application range.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
example 1:
The embodiment provides a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, and the formula and the preparation method are as follows:
1. The formula is as follows:
the grounding electric brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of graphite powder, 70 parts of copper powder, 2 parts of tin powder, 5 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.1 part of silicon carbide and 0.1 part of washing oil; wherein: the graphite powder is natural graphite powder (flake graphite powder) with the granularity of 300 meshes, the carbon content in the graphite powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 1 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon carbide is 300 meshes; the apparent density of the copper powder was 0.9g/cm3；
2. The preparation method of the grounding brush comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing: respectively weighing graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an anti-wear agent and washing oil;
2) Mixing materials: putting graphite powder, an antiwear agent, zinc carbonate, copper powder, tin powder and washing oil into a cold mixer, and mixing for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain pressed powder;
3) And (3) pressing and forming: sieving the pressed powder of step 2) with a 40-mesh sieve, taking the sieved part and placing the sieved part in a mold at 4t/cm3pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3-5.75g/cm3the brush blank of (1);
4) Roasting treatment: placing the electric brush rough blank obtained in the step 3) into a mesh belt furnace, and sequentially heating for 1h-1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ respectively to obtain the grounding electric brush.
Example 2:
The embodiment provides a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, and the formula and the preparation method are as follows:
1. The formula is as follows:
The grounding electric brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of graphite powder, 75 parts of copper powder, 8 parts of tin powder, 11 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.5 part of an antiwear agent and 0.2 part of washing oil; wherein: the graphite powder is natural graphite powder (flake graphite powder) with the granularity of 300 meshes, the carbon content in the graphite powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 1 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon carbide is 300 meshes; the apparent density of the copper powder was 0.9g/cm3；
2. The preparation method of the grounding brush comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing: respectively weighing graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an anti-wear agent and washing oil;
2) Mixing materials: putting graphite powder, an antiwear agent, zinc carbonate, copper powder, tin powder and washing oil into a cold mixer, and mixing for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain pressed powder;
3) And (3) pressing and forming: sieving the pressed powder of step 2) with a 40-mesh sieve, taking the sieved part and placing the sieved part in a mold at 4t/cm3Pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3-5.75g/cm3The brush blank of (1);
4) Roasting treatment: placing the electric brush rough blank obtained in the step 3) into a mesh belt furnace, and sequentially heating for 1h-1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ respectively to obtain the grounding electric brush.
Example 3:
The embodiment provides a grounding electric brush and a preparation method thereof, and the formula and the preparation method are as follows:
1. The formula is as follows:
the grounding electric brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of graphite powder, 75 parts of copper powder, 5 parts of tin powder, 8 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.3 part of an antiwear agent and 0.1 part of washing oil; wherein: the graphite powder is natural graphite powder (flake graphite powder) with the granularity of 300 meshes, the carbon content in the graphite powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 1 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon carbide is 300 meshes; the apparent density of the copper powder was 0.9g/cm3；
2. the preparation method of the grounding brush comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing: respectively weighing graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, an anti-wear agent and washing oil;
2) mixing materials: putting graphite powder, an antiwear agent, zinc carbonate, copper powder, tin powder and washing oil into a cold mixer, and mixing for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain pressed powder;
3) And (3) pressing and forming: sieving the pressed powder of step 2) with a 40-mesh sieve, taking the sieved part and placing the sieved part in a mold at 4t/cm3pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3-5.75g/cm3the brush blank of (1);
4) Roasting treatment: placing the electric brush rough blank obtained in the step 3) into a mesh belt furnace, and sequentially heating for 1h-1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ respectively to obtain the grounding electric brush.
example 4:
This example differs from example 3 in that: the average particle size of silicon carbide was 200 mesh, and the other steps were the same as in example 3.
Example 5
This example differs from example 3 in that: the graphite powder was a natural graphite powder (flake graphite powder) having a particle size of 200 mesh, and the other steps were the same as in example 3.
example 6
This example differs from example 3 in that: the bulk density of the brush blank in step 3) was 5.68g/cm3-5.70g/cm3, and the other steps were the same as in example 3.
To illustrate the effect of the grounding brush prepared according to the present invention, the following experiment was performed:
(1) The performance of a commercially available conventional brush was compared with that of the brush of the present invention, and the comparison results are shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 comparison of the Performance of a commercially available conventional brush with that of the present invention
| Stability of | spark rating | Static abrasion (100 kilometers) | Dynamic abrasion (100 kilometers) | |
| The invention relates to an electric brush | Without jumping | 1-1 and 1/2 stages | 11-14mm | 12-15mm |
| Common electric brush on the market | jumping | Stages 1 and 1/2-2 | 17-20mm | 18-20mm |
The static abrasion of 100 kilometres of ordinary electric brush is 17-20mm, the load dynamic abrasion of 100 kilometres of ordinary electric brush is 18-20mm, the static abrasion of 100 kilometres of electric brush of the invention is 11-14mm, the load dynamic abrasion of 100 kilometres of electric brush of the invention is 12-15mm, the electric brush of the invention is reduced by more than 30% compared with the existing electric brush, has greatly improved the service life of the grounded electric brush, the activation grade of the ordinary electric brush sold in the market is 1 and 1/2-2 grades, the sparking grade of the electric brush of the invention is 1-1 and 1/2 grades, therefore can see that the electric brush of the invention can reduce the spark, and the electric brush of the invention does not have the phenomenon of jumping in the course of eating, it is stable and reliable.
(2) To illustrate the effect of zinc carbonate on improving the wear resistance of the brush, the following experiment was performed:
Experimental groups: example 3
control group: this experiment differs from example 3 in that the formulation does not contain zinc carbonate, and is otherwise the same as example 3.
The dynamic abrasion and static abrasion of the 100 kilo-kilometer load of the prepared electric brush of the experimental group and the control group are observed by examining: the static abrasion of 100 kilometres of the brush prepared by the experimental group added with zinc carbonate is 11mm, the dynamic abrasion of 100 kilometres of load is 12mm, while the static abrasion of 100 kilometres of the brush prepared by the control group without zinc carbonate is 17mm, and the dynamic abrasion of 100 kilometres of load is 19mm, therefore, the abrasion resistance of the brush can be obviously improved by adding zinc carbonate.
(3) To illustrate the effect of the light copper powder in reducing resistivity, the following experiments were performed:
experimental groups: example 3 light copper powder apparent Density of 0.9g/cm3；
Control group: this experiment differs from example 3 in that ordinary electrolytic copper powder (apparent density of 1.4 g/cm) was used3-1.8g/cm3) Instead of light copper powder (0.9 g/cm)3) Otherwise, the same as example 3.
The effects of resistivity, wear resistance, friction coefficient, stability, service life and the like of the electric brushes prepared by the experimental group and the control group are examined, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of brush performance between experimental and control groups
As can be seen from Table 2: using light copper powder (apparent density is 1.0 g/cm)3Below, e.g. a bulk density of 0.9g/cm3) Replacing common electrolytic copper powder (the apparent density is 1.4 g/cm)3-1.8g/cm3) The resistivity of the electric brush can be adjusted on the premise of not increasing the content of copper powder, so that the low resistivity is obtained, and meanwhile, the wear resistance, the friction coefficient, the stability and the service life are good.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The grounding brush is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials: 10-20 parts of graphite powder, 70-75 parts of copper powder, 2-8 parts of tin powder, 5-11 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.1-0.5 part of silicon carbide and 0.1-0.2 part of washing oil.
2. The grounding brush of claim 1, wherein the grounding brush is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of graphite powder, 75 parts of copper powder, 5 parts of tin powder, 8 parts of zinc carbonate, 0.3 part of silicon carbide and 0.1 part of washing oil.
3. The grounding brush of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the silicon carbide has an average particle size of 200 mesh to 300 mesh.
4. the grounding brush of claim 1, wherein the copper powder has a bulk density of 1.0g/cm3The following.
5. The grounding brush of claim 1, wherein the graphite powder is natural graphite powder.
6. The grounding brush of claim 1, wherein the graphite powder is flake graphite powder.
7. the grounding brush according to claim 1, wherein the graphite powder has a particle size of 200-300 mesh, a carbon content of not less than 99% and an ash content of not more than 1%.
8. A method of making a grounding brush as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing: respectively weighing graphite powder, copper powder, tin powder, zinc carbonate, silicon carbide and washing oil;
2) Mixing materials: putting graphite powder, silicon carbide, zinc carbonate, copper powder, tin powder and washing oil into a cold mixer, and mixing for 2-4 hours at room temperature to obtain pressed powder;
3) And (3) pressing and forming: sieving the pressed powder of step 2) with a 40-mesh sieve, taking the sieved part and placing the sieved part in a mold at 4t/cm3pressed into a bulk density of 5.65g/cm3-5.75g/cm3The brush blank of (1);
4) roasting treatment: placing the electric brush rough blank obtained in the step 3) into a mesh belt furnace, and sequentially heating for 1h-1.5h under the conditions that the temperature is 248 +/-5 ℃, 300 +/-5 ℃, 4000 +/-5 ℃, 500 +/-5 ℃, 600 +/-5 ℃, 700 +/-5 ℃ and 780 +/-5 ℃ respectively to obtain the grounding electric brush.
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| CN114824989B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2024-01-30 | 哈尔滨电碳厂有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-wear-resistance metal graphite brush |
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| CN106329265B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-06-11 | 苏州东南佳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of material being used to prepare EMU ground connection reflux unit brush |
| CN106329266B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-06-11 | 苏州东南佳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of EMU ground connection reflux unit brush |
| JP2017118620A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 日立化成株式会社 | Slide member formation material and slide member |
| CN106868335B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-04-06 | 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 | A kind of automobile starter carbon brush material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107346853B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-08-13 | 湖南中南智造新材料协同创新有限公司 | A kind of conductive wear-resisting combined type brush and preparation method thereof that cools down certainly |
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