Lithium supplementing method for soft package lithium ion battery and preparation method for lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium supplementing method for a soft package lithium ion battery, a preparation method for the lithium ion battery and a middle lithium supplementing battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm and other auxiliary materials, and the specific capacity of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material directly determines the energy density of the battery. The theoretical specific capacity of the graphite serving as the lithium ion battery cathode material is 372mAh/g, the currently applicable commercial graphite exceeds 360mAh/g and is very close to the theoretical value, and no obvious space is increased. In order to further increase the energy density of the battery, a novel anode material must be adopted. Li can be generated when silicon is alloyed with metallic lithium22Si5At the moment, the specific capacity of the material can reach 4200mAh/g, which is far higher than that of the negative electrode material taking graphite as the mainstream in the market.In the lithium battery market which increasingly pursues high energy density, silicon-based negative electrode materials are very attractive. However, when silicon, especially, silicon monoxide, is used as the negative electrode material, during the first charge and discharge process, a solid electrolyte film (SEI film) is formed on the surface of the silicon negative electrode material or some irreversible reactions are involved, so that a part of lithium ions from the positive electrode material are consumed to form irreversible capacity, and finally, the first coulombic efficiency and capacity of the battery cell are reduced. Therefore, in order to greatly increase the energy density of the cell, it is necessary to increase the first coulombic efficiency of the cell.
Research shows that the consumed lithium ions can be supplemented by a lithium supplementing method, so that the capacity of the lithium ion battery is improved. However, in the current lithium supplement method, a lithium supplement electrode is usually arranged in an electric core to enable the lithium ion battery to be a three-electrode lithium ion battery, and the lithium supplement electrode after lithium supplement is generally permanently remained in the battery, so that the weight of the battery is increased, the energy density of the battery is reduced, and the waste of resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium supplementing method for a soft package lithium ion battery, so as to solve the technical problems of heavy weight, low energy density and resource waste of the battery caused by the lithium supplementing method in the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery obtained by the preparation method has the advantages of light weight, high energy density and material waste avoidance.
The third purpose of the present invention is to provide an intermediate lithium supplement battery, by which the lithium supplement operation for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery cell can be realized, and the lithium supplement electrode can be removed after the lithium supplement is completed, so as to improve the energy density of the final lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a lithium supplementing method for a soft package lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
A) before the soft package battery is formed, a lithium supplement electrode is arranged in an air bag which is formed after the battery core is packaged and contains electrolyte;
B) electrically connecting the negative electrode of the battery cell with the lithium supplement electrode, and discharging the lithium supplement electrode so as to transfer lithium in the lithium supplement electrode to the negative electrode, thereby realizing lithium supplement;
C) and then cutting to remove the air bag and the lithium supplement electrode.
Further, the lithium supplement electrode is positioned on one side close to the negative electrode.
Further, the discharge current in the lithium supplement process is 0.5-20mA, and the discharge time is 1-10 h.
After a battery cell is packaged, lithium is supplemented to a negative electrode of the battery cell by using the lithium supplementing method of the soft-package lithium ion battery, and then an air bag is cut and removed, and then formation and capacity grading processes are sequentially performed to obtain the lithium ion battery.
An intermediate lithium-supplement cell comprising:
(A) an electrical core comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, an
(B) The packaging film is used for packaging the battery core, an air bag capable of being cut off is arranged at the edge of one side of the packaging film, and electrolyte and a lithium supplement electrode are arranged in the air bag.
Further, the lithium supplement electrode is positioned on one side close to the negative electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the lithium supplementing method of the soft package lithium ion battery is characterized in that a lithium supplementing electrode is placed in an air bag formed after a battery cell is packaged before the soft package battery is formed, then the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected with the lithium supplementing electrode to carry out discharging so as to supplement lithium for the negative electrode, and then the air bag and the lithium supplementing electrode are removed. By utilizing the lithium supplementing method, the finally obtained lithium ion battery does not contain a lithium supplementing electrode, so that the finally obtained lithium ion battery is lighter than the traditional lithium ion battery with three electrodes and has higher energy density. In addition, after the lithium supplement is finished, the lithium supplement electrode can be recycled for recycling, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and the waste of the raw materials is avoided. In the lithium supplement process, the lithium supplement amount can be accurately controlled only by controlling the discharge current and the discharge time.
In addition, in the lithium supplementing method, the lithium supplementing electrode is introduced after liquid injection, no influence is caused on the liquid injection and the preparation process of the lithium battery before the liquid injection, the lithium supplementing battery is placed in an air bag which is formed after the battery core is packaged and contains electrolyte, and the electrolyte in the air bag can be conducted with the electrolyte in the battery core; meanwhile, the air bag can realize the conduction of ions and can prevent the internal short circuit risk caused by the contact of the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode. In addition, the air bag is reasonably utilized, so that extra packaging raw materials are not added when the lithium supplement battery is introduced, the lithium supplement cost is reduced, and the resource utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion intermediate lithium-supplement battery in a lithium-supplement process in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lithium ion battery after lithium supplement is finished and the air bag and the lithium supplement electrode are removed.
Icon: 1-positive electrode; 2-a negative electrode; 3-lithium supplement electrode; 4-air bag.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
On one hand, the invention provides a lithium supplementing method for a soft package lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
A) before the soft package battery is formed, a lithium supplement electrode is arranged in an air bag which is formed after the battery core is packaged and contains electrolyte;
B) electrically connecting the negative electrode of the battery cell with the lithium supplement electrode, and discharging the lithium supplement electrode so as to transfer lithium in the lithium supplement electrode to the negative electrode, thereby realizing lithium supplement;
C) and then cutting to remove the air bag and the lithium supplement electrode.
The lithium supplementing method of the soft package lithium ion battery is characterized in that a lithium supplementing electrode is placed in an air bag formed after a battery cell is packaged before the soft package battery is formed, then the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected with the lithium supplementing electrode to carry out discharging so as to supplement lithium for the negative electrode, and then the air bag and the lithium supplementing electrode are removed. By utilizing the lithium supplementing method, the finally obtained lithium ion battery does not contain a lithium supplementing electrode, so that the finally obtained lithium ion battery is lighter than the traditional lithium ion battery with three electrodes and has higher energy density. In addition, after the lithium supplement is finished, the lithium supplement electrode can be recycled for recycling, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and the waste of the raw materials is avoided. In the lithium supplement process, the lithium supplement amount can be accurately controlled only by controlling the discharge current and the discharge time.
In addition, in the lithium supplementing method, the lithium supplementing electrode is introduced after liquid injection, the lithium battery preparation process before the liquid injection and the liquid injection is not influenced, the lithium supplementing battery is placed in an air bag which is formed after the battery core is packaged and contains electrolyte, the electrolyte in the air bag and the electrolyte in the battery core can be conducted, meanwhile, the air bag can realize the conduction of ions, and the internal short circuit risk caused by the contact of a negative electrode and the lithium supplementing electrode can be prevented. In addition, the air bag is reasonably utilized, so that extra packaging raw materials are not added when the lithium supplement battery is introduced, the lithium supplement cost is reduced, and the resource utilization rate is improved.
In the invention, the air bag formed after the battery core is packaged has electrolyte, and when the amount of the electrolyte in the air bag is insufficient, a proper amount of electrolyte can be supplemented, so that the electrolyte in the air bag can realize the transmission of lithium ions.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lithium-supplement electrode is located on a side proximate to the negative electrode. The lithium supplement electrode is arranged on one side of the negative electrode close to the battery core, and after the negative electrode is connected with the lithium supplement electrode, the distance between the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode can be shortened, the conduction distance of ions is reduced, and the lithium supplement effect is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the discharge current in the lithium supplementing process is 0.5 to 20mA, and the discharge time is 1 to 10 hours.
Through setting up the discharge current size and the discharge time of mending lithium in-process, can control the benefit lithium volume of negative pole in required within range, prevent to mend the too big waste that causes the resource of lithium volume, prevent simultaneously to mend lithium volume undersize and cause to mend lithium effect unsatisfactory, and then influence later stage lithium ion battery's first coulomb efficiency and lithium ion battery's energy density.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the lithium ion battery, after a battery cell is packaged, firstly, the lithium is supplemented to the negative electrode of the battery cell by using the lithium supplementing method of the soft-package lithium ion battery, then, the air bag is cut and removed, and then, the formation and grading processes are sequentially carried out, so that the lithium ion battery is obtained.
The lithium ion battery prepared by the preparation method can improve the energy density of the lithium ion battery while improving the first coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery, and reduce the manufacturing cost.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an intermediate lithium secondary battery, including:
(A) a cell including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, an
(B) A packaging film for encapsulating electric core, one side edge of packaging film is equipped with the air pocket that can amputate, is equipped with electrolyte and mends the lithium electrode in the air pocket.
In the middle lithium supplement battery provided by the invention, the battery core is packaged by the packaging film in a soft package form, an air bag is formed on one side of the packaging film after liquid injection, the lithium supplement electrode is arranged in the packaging air bag, and the electrolyte and ions in the electrolyte can move between the lithium supplement electrode and the negative electrode of the battery core due to the fact that the electrolyte exists in the packaging air bag. When the negative electrode is connected with the lithium supplement electrode, the air bag conducts ions, and therefore lithium supplement of the negative electrode is achieved. Because the air bag is removable, the lithium supplement electrode and the air bag can be removed after the lithium supplement operation is finished, and the recycling of the lithium supplement electrode is realized. The middle lithium supplement battery is an air bag which is inevitably formed in the preparation process of the soft package lithium ion battery, and the air bag is used as a carrier of a lithium supplement electrode to realize the lithium supplement process of the battery cell cathode, so that the use cost of raw materials can be reduced. Meanwhile, the air bag is cut off, so that the weight of the final lithium ion battery is reduced, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the lithium-supplement electrode is located on a side proximate to the negative electrode. The lithium supplement electrode is arranged on one side of the negative electrode of the battery core, and after the negative electrode is connected with the lithium supplement electrode, the distance between the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode can be shortened, the conduction distance of ions is reduced, and the lithium supplement effect is improved.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a middle lithium supplement battery of a lithium ion battery, including a battery cell and an aluminum-plastic film for packaging the battery cell, where the battery cell includes a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2, the battery cell is filled with liquid and is packaged by the aluminum-plastic film, and then an air pocket 4 is formed at an edge of one side of the aluminum-plastic film, and the air pocket 4 is internally sealed and provided with metal lithium as a lithium supplement electrode 3. Wherein, the outer pole ear of the lithium supplement electrode 3 is an aluminum sheet.
After the injection is completed, the lithium supplement electrode 3 is placed in the air bag 4, and an external circuit is induced through the aluminum foil. Then, the negative electrode 2 and the lithium-supplement electrode 3 are respectively connected to an external circuit, and the battery is discharged. During discharge, part of lithium in the lithium-supplement electrode 3 can migrate to the negative electrode 2 side to generate SEI film and some inactive lithium-containing compounds (such as Li)4SiO4、Li2O、Li2Si2O5Etc.), the required lithium supplement amount is controlled by adjusting the current and the electrifying time, the external circuit is disconnected after the preset lithium supplement amount is reached, the lithium supplement electrode 3 is cut off together with the air bag 4, the structure of the cut battery is shown in fig. 2, and then the battery is subjected to subsequent treatment such as chemical conversion, capacity division and the like. Therefore, the lithium can be supplemented to the negative electrode, the consumption of lithium in the positive electrode is reduced, and the first coulombic efficiency of the battery is improved.
The specific process for preparing the intermediate lithium-supplement battery is further described below.
The preparation method and the lithium supplementing process of the middle lithium supplementing battery are as follows:
a) respectively cutting the prepared positive plate and the negative plate into rectangles with certain specifications, wherein the length of the positive plate is 50-60mm, and the width of the positive plate is 25-30 mm; the length of the negative plate is 52-60mm, and the width of the negative plate is 27-32 mm;
b) the center of the positive plate is opposite to the center of the negative plate, the positive plate and the negative plate are separated by a diaphragm, the positive plate and the negative plate are packaged for one time by adopting an aluminum-plastic film, the width of the aluminum-plastic film is at least 20mm more than that of the negative plate, and the more beyond width is used as an air bag; introducing a lithium supplement electrode into the air bag after the battery is injected with liquid, and then carrying out secondary packaging; the positive plate leads to an external circuit through the positive electrode, and the negative plate leads to the external circuit through the negative electrode; wherein the anode and the lithium supplement battery are aluminum strips with the thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, the length of 10-20mm and the width of 5-10 mm; the cathode is a copper strip with the thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, the length of 10-20mm and the width of 5-10 mm; after the liquid injection packaging is finished, as shown in fig. 1, from left to right, three electrodes are sequentially arranged, namely a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a lithium supplement electrode, wherein the center distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 20mm, and the center distance between the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode is 10 mm;
c) after secondary packaging is finished, firstly, electrically connecting the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode with a charge-discharge tester respectively to form a discharge loop, and carrying out constant current discharge on the battery; the discharge current is 0.5-20mA, the discharge time is 1-10h, and the lithium supplement amount to the negative electrode is the product of the discharge current and the discharge time;
d) after discharging, disconnecting the negative electrode and the lithium supplement electrode from an external circuit, electrically connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery with a charge-discharge tester to form a charging loop, and forming the battery with a forming current of 20-100mA and a charging time of 1-20 h;
e) after the formation is finished, the capacity of the battery is divided, the capacity dividing current is 500-1000mA, the lithium supplement electrode and the air bag are cut off after the capacity division is finished, and the cut-off position is packaged again after the cut-off, so that the electric core is ensured to have good sealing performance.
The method has obvious effect of improving the first efficiency of the battery, especially for a battery system taking silicon base, tin base, oxide and the like as negative electrodes. The amount of lithium supplemented by the method can be accurately controlled by adjusting the current and time of an external circuit, and taking a 2Ah silicon-based battery as an example, the battery can be charged for 2Ah for the first time, but only discharges for 1.6Ah, and the first efficiency is about 80%. By supplementing 0.2Ah of lithium in advance through the lithium supplementing technology, the battery can subsequently release 1.8Ah of electricity, and the efficiency is improved to 90%; if 0.3Ah of lithium is supplemented in advance, the battery can emit 1.9Ah of electricity, the first effect reaches 95%, and the energy density can be improved by 5%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.