CN108994465A - A kind of plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation - Google Patents
A kind of plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108994465A CN108994465A CN201810969380.8A CN201810969380A CN108994465A CN 108994465 A CN108994465 A CN 108994465A CN 201810969380 A CN201810969380 A CN 201810969380A CN 108994465 A CN108994465 A CN 108994465A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
Abstract
A kind of plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation, heat source is made of melt pole electrical arc and plasma-arc, melt pole electrical arc includes two pulse current stages, and the low pulse current stage in the metal of electrode end fusing designated volume, generates transition in high impulse currents stage molten drop；Plasma-arc by between central gas, welding gun and workpiece electric current and melt pole electrical arc welding current impulse mode determine；For Plasma Welding electric current under constant current mode, the current pulse frequency in two stages of melt pole electrical arc is 30~300 Hz；Under square-wave pulse modulating mode, electric current includes peak value and base value, and frequency is identical as the modulating frequency of melt pole electrical arc electric current, but phase is kept asynchronously or synchronously.The present invention can penetrate 15mm or less metal material by single track in the case where square groove, reduce the heat affecting to workpiece, weld width is reduced, the welding stability of forming different spatial is increased, can be used for the manufacture of the structures such as rail vehicle, Ship Structure, maritime platform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plasma-arc hybrid welding methods of pulse current modulation, can be used for rail vehicle, ship
The manufacture of the structures such as body structure, maritime platform.
Background technique
Plasma-arc hybrid welding method is two kinds of heat of plasma arc (that is: non-melt pole electrical arc) and melt pole electrical arc
Source collective effect is in welding wire and molten bath, including coaxial plasma-arc hybrid welding method and paraxonic plasma Composite welding side
Method, wherein the gun body of the electric arc combined welding of coaxial plasma-manufactures complexity, but energy is more concentrated, and is more advantageous to form congruent melting pond.
After the heated ionization of gas, workpiece surface is reached by the center line of non-melt pole nozzle and the looping pit on consumable electrode periphery,
It is referred to as center air column and annular gas.Consumable electrode welding wire passes through center air column first, and forms MIG electric arc with workpiece, secondly
MIG electric arc Induced Plasma arc is formed in non-melt pole and workpiece.Common complex welding method, welding current are all made of constant current
Mode causes the fuel factor of the melt pole electrical arc (MIG electric arc) at non-melt pole compression arc and center obvious, in the feelings of direct current weldering
Under condition, melt pole electrical arc energy is mostly used in extension non-melt pole electrical arc.
In order to eliminate the disadvantage, (the Pulse-arc welding with a in article such as Zhernosekov A.M
Consumable electrode (review), Automatic welding, No. 10,2007.-P. 48-52) it proposes
Use pulse welding electric current.Different from traditional square-wave pulse, the pulse welding electric current of recommendation is divided into two stages, and pulse is low
Current phase has amplitude IlWith duration tl, allow to the metal in the end melted given volume of electrode, in pulse height
Current phase has amplitude IhWith duration th, molten drop can be carried and reach all spatial positions.Background current stage IbWith
In arcing, and by pulse frequency (f=1/T, T=tl+th+tb) variation smooth control welding current.But the welding method lacks
Point be can not constant compression MIG electric arc, cause the reduction of fusion penetration and increase to open cut process.
Patent CN101767247B proposes a kind of plasma gma welding method, and GMA electric arc between welding wire and base material by flowing
Dynamic impulse waveform generates, and plasma-arc is generated by the Plasma Welding electric current of the flowing between welding gun and base material.GMA welding
Electric current is with peak point current and background current, and the plasma current average value set, causes GMA peak value electric under certain constraints
The variation of stream and background current.The shortcomings that this method is that GMA arc welding electric current is only capable of using the square for having peak value and base value
Shape pulse, in more spatial positions, it is difficult to guarantee the stability of GMA welding wire droplet transfer in Combined Welding.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to there are problem and shortage, provided for above-mentioned it is a kind of can in the case where square groove
Single track penetrates 15mm or less metal material, small to workpiece heat affecting, and weld width can be effectively reduced, and increases forming different spaces position
Set plasma-arc hybrid welding method of the pulse current modulation of welding stability.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
Plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation of the present invention, its main feature is that: heat source is by consumable electrode electricity
Arc and plasma-arc composition；Wherein,
Melt pole electrical arc generates between welding wire and workpiece, is realized by the current waveform between control welding wire and workpiece, consumable electrode electricity
Each pulse of stream includes base value stage, low pulse current stage and high impulse currents stage；Wherein, base value stage, electric current IMB、
Duration tMB, burn for pilot arc；The low pulse current stage modulates electric current IML, modulation time tML, in electrode
The metal of end melted designated volume；The high impulse currents stage modulates electric current IMP, modulation time tMP, molten drop is made to generate transition；
The current impulse period Т of melt pole electrical arcМ = tML + tMP + tMB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/М；
Plasma-arc generates between welding gun and workpiece, by the electric current and melt pole electrical arc between central gas, welding gun and workpiece
Welding current pulse mode determine；When Plasma Welding constant current hold electric current, the low pulse current of melt pole electrical arc
The current pulse frequency variation range in stage and high impulse currents stage is 30~300 Hz；When Plasma Welding electric current is square wave
When pulse current, which includes peak value and base value, wherein the electric current I of peak valuePP, duration tPP；Base value
Electric current IPB, duration tPB；The pulse period T of square wave pulsed currentР = tPP + tPB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/P。
Wherein, the welding frequency of the square wave pulsed current and the welding frequency of melt pole electrical arc are identical, i.e. 1/ ТМ=1/
ТP。
The square wave pulsed current and fusing electrode current keep 180 ° of phase differences.Alternatively, the square wave pulsed current and molten
Change electrode current and keeps Phase synchronization.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantage that
Plasma-arc of the invention generates compression melt pole electrical arc at constant current, can weld in the case where square groove
The base material of saturating 10~15mm, consumable electrode current impulse mode reduce the heat affecting of welding workpiece, its frequency, decision and second order
Section impulse waveform, is conducive to molten drop rule transition, to improve the stability of welding in more spatial positions.Plasma square wave
Asynchronous phase (that is: 180 ° of phase difference) is kept with consumable electrode pulse waveform, plasma-arc pulse mode, mean power is melted
The reduction of pole electrical arc current impulse mode, the mode is on welding aluminum alloy and steel sheet (6~8mm of maximum) using ideal.
Plasma square wave and consumable electrode pulse waveform keep locking phase, and peak point current and background current are alternately present, plasma-arc
What is generated is preferable to the contractive condition of melt pole electrical arc, and this mode advantage when welding the steel and aluminium alloy of 10~15mm thickness is aobvious
It writes.The present invention can be used for the manufacture of the structures such as rail vehicle, Ship Structure, maritime platform.
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plasma constant current mode and consumable electrode welding current waveform figure；
Fig. 2 is plasma square wave pattern and consumable electrode welding current waveform figure；
Fig. 3 is different materials weld appearance comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific soldering test, the present invention is further illustrated, and testing equipment includes plasma-electric arc
Coaxial hybrid welding pipette tips, single-shaft mechanical arm, fixture, plasma power supply and consumable electrode power supply with pulse mode.Consumable electrode electricity
The electric source modes of arc are modulated single phase square wave and dual-stage pulse, the Experimental Comparison heat of the method for the present invention and other methods
Input, including Plasma Welding electric current and fusing electrode current are steady state value (method 1).
As shown in a in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the base value stage of electrode current, electric current I are meltedMB, duration tMB, for maintaining electricity
Arc burning；The low pulse current stage modulates electric current IML, modulation time tML, for the gold in electrode end fusing designated volume
Belong to；The high impulse currents stage modulates electric current IMP, modulation time tMP, molten drop is made to generate transition；The current impulse of melt pole electrical arc
Period ТМ = tML + tMP + tMB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/М；
When Plasma Welding constant current hold electric current (as shown in figure 1 shown in b), the adjustable range of consumable electrode current pulse frequency is
30~300HZ, background current IMBDuty ratio be 20~30%；When Plasma Welding electric current is square wave pulsed current, the square wave arteries and veins
Rushing electric current includes peak value and base value, wherein the electric current I of peak valuePP, duration tPP；The electric current I of base valuePB, duration tPB；Side
The pulse period T of wave impulse electric currentР = tPP + tPB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/P.Moreover, the welding frequency of square wave pulsed current
Rate is identical as the welding frequency of melt pole electrical arc, i.e. 1/ ТМ=1/ТP.Square wave pulsed current keeps 180 ° of phases with fusing electrode current
Potential difference (as shown in b in Fig. 2), or keep Phase synchronization (as shown in c in Fig. 2).
For 10mm thickness Q235 carbon steel, thick 304 stainless steels of 12mm, thick 5083 aluminium alloys of 8mm and 5,10, thick 1561 aluminium of 15mm
Alloy carries out butt welding test.Central gas, plasma form gas and protection gas is all made of argon gas.In welding process, center gas
The flow velocity of argon gas be 6~7 L/ min, ion-gas 5~6 L/ min, protection air-flow 25~30L/min of amount, welding aluminum alloy
Gage of wire is 1.2mm, and the gage of wire for welding steel is 1.6mm, and component of weld wire and base material are close；Other design parameters are shown in Table 1,
When calculating heat input, processing efficiency does not consider.
1 welding parameter of table (electric current I be average value with voltage U)
When maintaining identical heat input, 1561 alloy composite welding electric currents successively use method 1, method 2, the present invention into
Row welds, wherein welding speed V=60m/h, plasma ENERGY EP=290~320J, melt pole electrical arc ENERGY EM=180~200J,
Overall heat input Е is 470~520J.The result shows that constant current is welded, lower fuel factor is maximum, and connector shapes worst, the heat under method 2
Influence is taken second place, and forming also makes moderate progress；Heat affecting of the invention is minimum, and joint quality is preferably (as shown in a in Fig. 3).Sampling is same
The method of sample has carried out the welding of 5083 aluminium alloys, Q235 carbon steel and 304 stainless steels.In all cases, best result
It is the method that the present invention recommends.If b show the appearance of 5083 welded seam of aluminium alloy in Fig. 3, welding speed V=24m/h is hot defeated
Enter EP=800 J/mm, EMThe welding speed V of=450 J/mm, Е=1250 J/mm, Q235=15 m/h, heat input EP=1700
J/mm, EMThe J/mm(of=1600 J/mm, Е=3300 is as shown in c in Fig. 3), welding speed V=15 m/h of 304 stainless steels, heat
Input EP=2200 J/mm, EMThe J/mm(of=2000 J/mm, Е=4200 is as shown in d in Fig. 3).The result shows that heat of the invention
Inputting opposite other methods reduces, and improves appearance of weld, speed of welding improves 30~40% compared with method 2.
The present invention is to be described by embodiment, but do not limit the invention, referring to description of the invention, institute
Other variations of disclosed embodiment, are such as readily apparent that the professional person of this field, such variation should belong to
Within the scope of the claims in the present invention limit.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation, it is characterised in that: heat source by melt pole electrical arc and
Plasma-arc composition；Wherein,
Melt pole electrical arc generates between welding wire and workpiece, is realized by the current waveform between control welding wire and workpiece, consumable electrode electricity
Each pulse of stream includes base value stage, low pulse current stage and high impulse currents stage；Wherein, base value stage, electric current IMB、
Duration tMB, burn for pilot arc；The low pulse current stage modulates electric current IML, modulation time tML, in electrode
The metal of end melted designated volume；The high impulse currents stage modulates electric current IMP, modulation time tMP, molten drop is made to generate transition；
The current impulse period Т of melt pole electrical arcМ = tML + tMP + tMB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/М；
Plasma-arc generates between welding gun and workpiece, by the electric current and melt pole electrical arc between central gas, welding gun and workpiece
Welding current pulse mode determine；When Plasma Welding constant current hold electric current, the low pulse current of melt pole electrical arc
The current pulse frequency variation range in stage and high impulse currents stage is 30~300 Hz；When Plasma Welding electric current is square wave
When pulse current, which includes peak value and base value, wherein the electric current I of peak valuePP, duration tPP；Base value
Electric current IPB, duration tPB；The pulse period T of square wave pulsed currentР = tPP + tPB, the Т of welding frequency f=1/P。
2. plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The welding frequency for stating square wave pulsed current is identical as the welding frequency of melt pole electrical arc, i.e. 1/ ТМ=1/ТP。
3. plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states square wave pulsed current and fusing electrode current keeps 180 ° of phase differences.
4. plasma-arc hybrid welding method of pulse current modulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states square wave pulsed current and fusing electrode current keeps Phase synchronization.
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110369838A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of nickel-base alloy gas metal-arc welding welding waveform controlling method |
| CN111975235A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-24 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Plasma-arc hybrid welding method and welding finished product |
| CN112008196A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Composite pulse welding method, welding system, welding machine and application |
| CN113732444A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州理工大学 | Precise forming method and precise forming system in TIG electric arc additive manufacturing process |
| CN116356313A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-06-30 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Pulse plasma arc cladding layer and cladding process thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110369838A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of nickel-base alloy gas metal-arc welding welding waveform controlling method |
| CN110369838B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-12-11 | 上海交通大学 | Welding waveform control method for nickel-based alloy consumable electrode gas shielded welding |
| CN112008196A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-12-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Composite pulse welding method, welding system, welding machine and application |
| CN111975235A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-24 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Plasma-arc hybrid welding method and welding finished product |
| CN113732444A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州理工大学 | Precise forming method and precise forming system in TIG electric arc additive manufacturing process |
| CN116356313A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-06-30 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Pulse plasma arc cladding layer and cladding process thereof |
| CN116356313B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2024-03-22 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Pulse plasma arc cladding layer and cladding process thereof |
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