CN108993692A - A kind of material crusher and material crumbling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of material crusher and material crumbling method, including material crushing device, power device and rack, material crushing device, power device and bogie are installed in rack；Material crushing device includes cage body, hollow shaft, feeder, multiple steel balls and hopper, hollow shaft, feeder are mounted in cage body, hollow shaft is horizontally placed on the rear and front end of cage body, and hopper is set to the lower section of cage body and is fixedly connected with rack, and the front end of cage body is equipped with gear wheel；Power device includes motor, retarder and pinion gear, and the output shaft of retarder is connected with pinion shaft, pinion gear is fixed on pinion shaft, and pinion gear is engaged with gear wheel.Motor start-up will drive cage body continuous rotation, and the steel quantity consumption of material crusher disclosed by the invention is low, adjust, maintenance rate is low, high production efficiency and input cost are low, be worth industrial application energetically.

Description

A kind of material crusher and material crumbling method

Technical field

The present invention relates to material fining fragmentation crushing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of material crusher and the broken side of material Formula and material breaking method.

Background technique

In mine, building materials are metallurgical, in the industries such as ceramics, are required to the broken processing of material of the big granularity such as ore, sintering At the product material of small grain size.Crusher is the most important mechanical equipment of this material crushing operation of above-mentioned carry out.

Because of the needs of technique production, in general, material is broken for by above-mentioned industry muck operation, granularity is below less than 6mm to be broken Broken operation is, it is specified that be ultrafine grinding operation.Currently, the existing crusher in China and the whole world carries out the ultrafine grinding operation processing of material, It mostly with high speed impact, squeezes, shearing, the modes such as grinding, these modes are material to be placed between wearing piece, by high-speed punching It hits, squeeze, shear, forms such as grinding or make generate high speed between material mutually collides material is caused to generate fission and broken. The crushing mechanism of high speed impact such as hammer mill, impact breaker, impact crusher, vertical-spindle hammer crusher, wearing piece with Material is all continuously contacted with and is collided under high speed rotation, and this state can make wearing piece abrasion violent.In addition, because wearing piece is wanted Absorb impact with pressure or transmission speed, so wearing piece also needs the supporting member to match.It is needed when wearing layer is worn It replaces, can change to form waste product together with supporting member, the utilization rate of steel is 20% hereinafter, comprehensive consumption steel rate occupies height not Under.

Currently used for the crushing plant of ultrafine grinding operation, such as hammer mill, impact crusher, vertical-spindle hammer crusher, roll-type Crusher, impact crusher need when carrying out the broken operation of material fining compared with high impact forces, so the revolving speed of crushing device is high, line Speed is big, causes to be forced to wear to some wearing pieces for not needing abrasion and material.

Therefore the current crushing plant for ultrafine grinding operation is high in the prevalence of consumption steel rate, adjustment maintenance rate is high；It produces It's the problems such as mealiness is big pasts object.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of material crusher and material crumbling methods and material breaking method, to solve The problems such as certainly existing ultrafine grinding operation steel quantity consumption is high, maintenance rate is high.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the invention discloses a kind of material crusher, the material Crusher includes material crushing device, power device and rack, the material crushing device include cage body, hollow shaft feeder, Multiple steel balls and hopper, the cage body are tubular, and the feeder front end is provided with feed inlet, and the feeder is fixed on institute The front end of cage body is stated, the rear and front end of the cage body is respectively arranged with front-end bearing pedestal pair and rear bearing block pair, the hollow shaft water It is flat to be set between front-end bearing pedestal pair and rear bearing block pair；The hollow neck bush fixing sleeve is set in the hollow shaft and described Hollow neck bush stretches to forward the discharge gate of the feeder, and the rear end of the hollow neck bush is extended rearward into the cage body It is interior；The hopper is set to the lower section of the cage body, and the hopper is fixedly connected with the rack；The steel ball it is hard Degree is much larger than the hardness of material, and multiple steel balls are mounted in the cage body；The front end of the cage body is fixedly installed with canine tooth Wheel, the power device includes motor and retarder, and the output shaft of the motor is connect with the input terminal of the retarder, The end of the output end of the retarder is fixed with pinion gear, and the pinion gear is engaged with the gear wheel.

Further, the power device further include pin coupler, rubber coupling, pinion shaft, bearing block it is secondary and Bogie, the bogie are fixedly connected with the rack, and the motor, the retarder and the bearing block pair are successively It is set on the bogie, the motor is connect with the input terminal of the retarder by the pin coupler；It is described The output end of retarder is fixedly connected by rubber coupling with the pinion shaft, the pinion shaft and the bearing block pair It is connected by bearing；The pinion gear is fixedly connected with the pinion shaft and is set between described two bearing block pairs.

Further, the cage body includes cage body skeleton, and the cage body skeleton includes front end-plate, end plate, cage bone and extremely Few twice support ring, the front end-plate are arranged in parallel with the end plate, and the cage bone is set to the head end plate and the tail Between end plate, at least two support rings interval vertical is set in the cage bone, the head end plate, the transom piece, institute It states cage bone, at least two support rings and cage body skeleton has been collectively constituted by welding.

Further, be provided with cage wall on the outside of the cage body skeleton, the cage wall splice assembling by multiple grid sections and At being provided with grid section gap between the adjacent grid section.

Preferably, cage body dust cover is stamped on the top of the cage body.

Preferably, the diameter of multiple steel balls is different.

Preferably, the feeder is to be built-in with spiral guide piece, the front end of the spiral guide piece is provided with charging Mouthful.The feeder front end is in taper type.

Preferably, hollow neck bush is equipped in the hollow shaft, the front end of the hollow neck bush is small, rear end is big；It is described Feeder and the hollow neck bush bolt fastening.

Preferably, the hopper is customization wet type hopper or dry type form hopper.

The invention also discloses a kind of material breaking methods, using above-mentioned material crusher, the material breaking method The following steps are included:

Step 1: after motor start-up, drive the input terminal of retarder persistently to rotate by pin coupler, retarder Output end drives pinion shaft persistently to rotate by rubber coupling, and pinion gear drives gear wheel persistently to rotate, and gear wheel passes through Gear wheel, which is paid, drives cage body persistently to rotate；

Step 2: material enters the feeder of rotation, imports in rotation cage body through spiral guide piece and hollow shaft；

Step 3: material is carried secretly or rotated together in the case where the friction of cage wall drives by steel ball, until steel ball and material quilt It promotes highest point, steel ball and material and rushes down the lower section for falling on cage body cylindrical cavity with parabolic path, material continuously impacts in steel ball, It is broken during rolling；

Step 4: repeating said steps 3, the material being broken are discharged from grid section gap；

Step 5: material falls into hopper, and is discharged from the hopper.

The present invention has the advantage that

(1) material crusher and material breaking method disclosed by the invention, motor output shaft, can be defeated after retarder slows down Cage body Rational Rotation Speed is given, the parabolic starting point of steel ball and material is controlled；The rigid spheres of cage body are packed into as impact body, that is, wearing piece, The material of the wearing piece contact of impact is bulky grain, because material up to specification is discharged from the gap between grid section It goes to fall directly into hopper and arrange.It carries out effectively being crushed to the maximum extent, reduces abrasion, substantially increase production efficiency.

(2) material crusher and material breaking method disclosed by the invention, the steel ball as impact body is big in first dress Small proportional combination, in shattering process, steel ball can be worn, when requiring supplementation with steel ball, it is only necessary to the steel ball of dilated diameter, when big Diameter worn steel ball is just replaced when falling 90% or more.The utilization rate of wearing piece is at least 90%.In addition, steel ball does not need to appoint What supporting element, moreover, being normally supported part is far longer than anti-wear component, therefore technical solution of the present invention can be greatly reduced it is resistance to Grind the steel consumption of part.

(3) material crusher and material breaking method disclosed by the invention, since the replacement cycle of wearing piece is very long, addition Steel ball can not also be shut down, and greatly reduce adjustment, the maintenance rate of crusher.

(4) material crusher disclosed by the invention, required equipment component (such as motor, gear reducer, shaft coupling) are general Electronic product, common on the market, cage body materials are convenient, and manufacturing process is easy.It is low to site requirements needed for production, to electric energy Consume less, input cost is low, is worth industrial application energetically.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the main view for the material crusher that embodiment 1 provides.

Fig. 2 is the left view for the material crusher that embodiment 1 provides.

Fig. 3 is the top view for the material crusher that embodiment 1 provides.

Specific embodiment

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..

Embodiment 1

The present embodiment 1 provides a kind of material crusher and material crumbling method, below to the material crusher of the present embodiment 1 Structure be described in detail.

It should be noted that entering one end of feeder or cage body in the present embodiment with material stream for " front end ", with logistics Direction one end is " rear end ", correspondingly, with the supplied materials direction of material for " preceding ", with material logistics direction for " rear ".

Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, material crusher includes material crushing device, power device and rack 1, material crushing device It is fixed in rack 1 with power device.

One, rack

Organic frame 11, terraced 12, hopper 6, guardrail 14 are set in rack 1.Wherein rack 11 is by a platform and supporting leg Composition, platform meet material crushing device, the installation foundation of power device and hopper 6, operating condition, maintenance steric requirements. The height of supporting leg meets the discharging of product, process conditions.Ladder 12 is convenient for the upper lower platform of operator.Hopper 6 is set to machine The lower section of frame 11 is fastened with 11 bolt of rack or welding.

Two, material crushing device

Cage body 2 includes spindle nose 201, end plate 202, center of circle liner plate 203, cage bone, support ring, gear wheel 206, front end-plate 207, end plate liner plate 208.

End plate 202, cage bone, support ring, front end-plate 207 are a mach cages after welding.

Gear wheel 206 is mounted on the front end of cage, concentric with cage, is bolted fastening.Center of circle liner plate plays protection rear end 202 center portion of plate is not worn.

End plate liner plate 208 is mounted on end plate 202, the medial surface outside 207 center portion of front end-plate, plays protection end plate 202, preceding End plate 207 is not worn, and is fastened with bolt and end plate 202, front end-plate 207.It can be interchanged.

Hollow shaft 3 has hole flange and the concentric installation of end plate liner plate 208.Hollow shaft bushing inner diameter cone, it is pre-small post-large； Hollow neck bush is connect with hollow shaft with feeder 4 respectively.The shape of feeder 4 is tubular, and there is a round feed opening in front end, dry mine, Ore pulp material can continuously be fed in feeder 4 from circular hole.

Cage wall 21 is to pay assembly by multiple grid section trays, multiple grid sections 22, multiple convex bodys and bolt to be fixed on 2 skeleton of cage body Between；Grid section and grid section assembly form discharging clearance；Steel ball 5 is wear-resistant medium, and hardness is much larger than material, presses one by different-diameter Certainty ratio is fitted in cage body with the 35-40% of cage body volume.

The secondary 17 equal device self-aligning roller bearings of front-end bearing pedestal pair 16, rear bearing block, are bolted on framework portion 1；Before The bearing and hollow shaft 3 of bearing block pair 16 assemble, and rear bearing block pair and spindle nose 201 assemble.

A, cage body

As a kind of specific embodiment, the rear portion of cage body 2 is provided with spindle nose, and spindle nose is set on tail bearing, cage The head device of body 2 has hollow shaft 3, and hollow shaft 3 is fixedly connected with cage body 2, and the rear end of hollow shaft 3 is arranged in head bearings. Preferably, head bearings and tail bearing are self-aligning roller bearing.

Further, cage body 2 includes cage body skeleton and cage wall 21, wherein cage wall 21 is set to the outside of cage body skeleton.

Cage body skeleton includes front end-plate, end plate, cage bone and at least twice support ring, and front end-plate is parallel with end plate to be set Set, cage bone be set between front end-plate and end plate and outer circle along it is concentric uniformly and weld.Front end-plate, end plate, cage bone, extremely Few two support rings have collectively constituted cage body skeleton by welding.

In order to protect cage bone not to be worn and hold up steel ball 5, material and enhancing frictional force in order to steel ball 5 and material energy quilt Promote specified place, it is preferable that cage bone radially inner side is cased with cage bone convex body.

In order to protect hollow shaft 3 not to be worn, hollow shaft bushing is arranged with outside hollow shaft 3.

In order to protect front end-plate not to be worn with end plate, it is preferable that before being respectively provided on the inside of front end-plate and end plate Aside-liner and tail end liner plate.

As a kind of specific embodiment, cage wall 21 splices assembling by multiple grid sections in parallel and is formed, between adjacent grid section It is provided with discharging clearance, broken material is discharged outside cage body by grid section gap.It replaces different grid sections and forms different gaps, Depending on the size of discharging clearance is required by the different grain size of product.

A plurality of cage bone axial cross section is T shape, and cage wall 21 is outer to be supported on the horizontal body of T shape cage bone by multiple grid section trays, interior It is embedding only by the sector formed between cage bone.Wherein grid section tray is bolted in cage body skeleton, and grid section and grid section tray use Dismountable connection type is fixed, and is to clear up cage body, addition steel ball, the convenience for replacing grid section.

The hardness of steel ball 5 is much larger than the hardness of material, and the diameter of multiple steel balls 5 is different, and multiple steel balls 5 are mounted in cage In body 2.

Further, cage body dust cover 23 is stamped on the top of cage body 2.Cage body dust cover 23 can prevent from people from running into causing injury, and prevent Only mine dust is flown upward, and prevents ore pulp spluttering.

B, feeder and its connection relationship with cage body

Feeder 4 is to be built-in with spiral guide piece, and the front end of spiral guide piece is in taper type, and the front end of spiral guide piece is set It is equipped with feed inlet, the feed of dry mine by modes such as conveyer, guide grooves, ore pulp can be received.

Preferably, feeder 4 and hollow neck bush bolt fastening.

The outer diameter of hollow neck bush is mounted in the hole of hollow shaft 3, and with hollow shaft bolt fastening, front end and feeder 4 Be fastenedly connected, rear end is extended rearward into cage body 2.

The lower section of cage body 2 is provided with hopper 6, and the upper end of hopper 6 is big, under lower end, and the upper end of hopper 6 is fixed on machine On frame 1.

Further, hopper 6 can customize wet type hopper and dry type form hopper.

C, during material transferring main component effect

Material is directed into hollow neck bush for receiving material to be processed by spiral guide piece by feeder 4；

Hollow neck bush is applied not only to receive the material to be processed conveyed from feeder 4 and to be processed by what is received Material is sent into cage body 2.

Cage body 2 is used to provide the inner space for containing material and steel ball, and makes internal material and steel by itself rotation Parabolically track continuance lifting is rushed down and is fallen ball, material by impact with roll, until being crushed；

Its cage wall of cage body 2 is made of grid section, there is maximum percent opening, is had more to reach the product discharge of specification Chance is to guarantee production efficiency, and guarantee that material is not crossed powder, improves the condition of yield.

Grid section gap is used for sieving material, i.e., only when the granularity of material is less than grid section gap, material could be from grid section Gap passes through；

Hopper 6 is exported for accepting the material passed through from grid section gap, and by the material finished product of broken completion.

In order to guarantee the crushing effect of material, it is preferable that the feed size of material should be controlled in 30mm hereinafter, maximum unsuitable Greater than 60mm.

Three, power device

Power device include motor 80, pin coupler 86, retarder 85, coupling with rubber plates 84, pinion shaft 83, Two bearing block pairs 81, pinion gear 82 and bogie 88,

Bogie 88 and rack 1 are fastened by bolts installation, and motor 80, retarder 85 and bearing block pair 81 are from front to back It is set in turn on bogie 88, motor 80 is connect with the input terminal of retarder 85 by pin coupler 86；Retarder 85 Output end be fixedly connected with pinion shaft 83 by rubber coupling, pinion shaft 83 and bearing block pair 81 pass through bearing company It connects；Pinion gear is fixedly connected with pinion shaft 83 and is set in bearing block pair 81.

After the Mesh Clearance Adjustment of the gear wheel 206 of the pinion gear 82 and material crushing device of power device is suitable, pass through Bogie 88 is bolted in rack 1.

Three, the connection of material crushing device and power device

Gear wheel is fixedly installed on the front end-plate outer wall of cage body 2, it is preferable that gear wheel is concentric structure with hollow shaft 3.

Wherein, pinion gear 82 is engaged with gear wheel 206.

Preferably, pinion gear 82 and gear wheel 206 are provided with gear protective cover.

Embodiment 2

The present embodiment 2 provides a kind of material breaking method, using the material crusher of embodiment 1, material breaking method packet Include following steps:

Step a: after motor 80 starts, the input terminal of retarder 85 is driven by pin coupler 86, retarder 85 Output end drives the rotation of 82 axis of pinion gear by rubber coupling, and pinion gear 82 drives gear wheel and cage body 2 persistently to rotate；

Step b: material enters the feeder 4 of rotation, imports in rotation cage body 2 through spiral guide piece and hollow shaft 3；

Step c: the entrainment of steel ball 5 or the friction in cage wall 21 that the material imported in rotation cage body 2 is persistently being rotated It is rotated together under drive, steel ball 5 and material are thus lifted to certain height；Steel ball 5 and material are let out with parabolical track to be fallen, Speed, direction are fixed, are operated continuously, and material is broken during steel ball continuous impact-rolling；

Step d: repeating step c, and the material being broken is discharged from grid section gap；

Step e: the material passed through from grid section gap falls into hopper 6, and is discharged from hopper 6.

Step f: step c is repeated, wherein steel ball 5 is that different-diameter matches combination in proportion, only needs to add after worn steel ball Major diameter steel ball is just replaced when only may wear to very little.Reach very high wearing piece utilization rate.

Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are fallen within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of material crusher, which is characterized in that the material crusher includes material crushing device, power device and machine Frame,

The material crushing device includes cage body, hollow shaft feeder, multiple steel balls and hopper,

The cage body is tubular, and the feeder front end is provided with feed inlet, and the feeder is fixed on the front end of the cage body, The rear and front end of the cage body is respectively arranged with front-end bearing pedestal pair and rear bearing block pair, and the hollow shaft is horizontally placed on fore bearing Seat is secondary between rear bearing block pair；The hollow neck bush fixing sleeve be set to the hollow shaft on and the hollow neck bush forward The discharge gate of the feeder is stretched to, the rear end of the hollow neck bush is extended rearward into the cage body；

The hopper is set to the lower section of the cage body, and the hopper is fixedly connected with the rack；

The hardness of the steel ball is much larger than the hardness of material, and multiple steel balls are mounted in the cage body；

The front end of the cage body is fixedly installed with gear wheel, and the power device includes motor and retarder, the motor Output shaft connect with the input terminal of the retarder, the end of the output end of the retarder is fixed with pinion gear, described small Gear is engaged with the gear wheel.

2. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power device further include pin coupler, Rubber coupling, pinion shaft, bearing block pair and bogie,

The bogie is fixedly connected with the rack, and the motor, the retarder and the bearing block pair are from front to back It is set in turn on the bogie,

The motor is connect with the input terminal of the retarder by the pin coupler；

The output end of the retarder is fixedly connected by rubber coupling with the pinion shaft,

The pinion shaft is connect with the bearing block pair by bearing；

The pinion gear is fixedly connected with the pinion shaft and is set in the bearing block pair.

3. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The cage body includes cage body skeleton, and the cage body skeleton includes front end-plate, end plate, cage bone and at least twice support ring, The front end-plate is arranged in parallel with the end plate, and the cage bone is set between the front end-plate and the end plate, described At least two support ring interval verticals are set in the cage bone, the front end-plate, the end plate, the cage bone, at least two A support ring has collectively constituted cage body skeleton by welding.

4. material crusher according to claim 3, which is characterized in that cage wall is provided between the cage body skeleton, The cage wall is assembled by the splicing of multiple grid sections, is provided with discharging clearance between the adjacent grid section.

5. material crusher according to claim 4, which is characterized in that be stamped cage body dust cover in the top of the cage body.

6. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of multiple steel balls is different.

7. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feeder is to be built-in with spiral guide piece, The feeder front end is in taper type, and the front end of the spiral guide piece is provided with feed inlet.

8. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that there is hollow shaft bushing in the hollow shaft, it is described Hollow neck bush front end is small, rear end is big, hollow neck bush described in the hollow shaft and the equal bolt fastening of the feeder.

9. material crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hopper is customization wet type hopper or does Formula form hopper.

10. a kind of material breaking method, using material crusher as described in any one of claim 1 to 9, which is characterized in that institute State material breaking method the following steps are included:

Step 1: after motor start-up, driving the input terminal of retarder persistently to rotate by pin coupler, the output of retarder End drives pinion shaft persistently to rotate by rubber coupling, and pinion gear drives gear wheel persistently to rotate, and gear wheel passes through canine tooth Wheel, which is paid, drives cage body persistently to rotate；

Step 2: material enters the feeder of rotation, imports in rotation cage body through spiral guide piece and hollow shaft；

Step 3: material is carried secretly or rotated together in the case where the friction of cage wall drives by steel ball, until steel ball and material are elevated To highest point, steel ball and material rush down the lower section for falling on cage body cylindrical cavity with parabolic path, and material is continuously impacted in steel ball, rolled During be broken；

Step 4: repeating said steps 3, the material being broken are discharged from grid section gap；

Step 5: material falls into hopper, and is discharged from the hopper.