CN108993098B - Efficient CO capture2Eutectic solvent system and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Efficient CO capture2Eutectic solvent system and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1412—Controlling the absorption process
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/202—Alcohols or their derivatives
- B01D2252/2023—Glycols, diols or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/205—Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/205—Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494
- B01D2252/2053—Other nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/50—Combinations of absorbents
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- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently trapping CO2The eutectic solvent system and the preparation method and the application thereof. The invention efficiently traps CO2The eutectic solvent system consists of quaternary ammonium salt and/or quaternary phosphonium salt and glycol. The preparation method of the eutectic solvent system comprises the following steps: mixing the quaternary ammonium salt and/or the quaternary phosphonium salt with the ethylene glycol, heating until the system is completely changed into liquid, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-efficiency CO capture2The eutectic solvent system of (1). The invention utilizes the high-efficiency CO capture2The method for absorbing the carbon dioxide by the eutectic solvent system specifically comprises the following steps: the gas containing carbon dioxide is slowly led into the high-efficiency CO capture2In the container of the eutectic solvent system, the pressure and the temperature are controlled, and the weighing is carried out in the absorption process until the mass of the container is not changed any more. The eutectic solvent system of the invention is to CO2Has higher absorption capacity and good recycling effect, and can realize CO2Efficient reversible absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently capturing CO2The eutectic solvent system and its preparation process and application belongs to the field of gas separation technology.
Background
At present, the main energy power still depends on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas, and a large amount of CO is generated in the combustion process of the fossil fuels2Is discharged to the air. With social economyThe development and increasing consumption of fossil fuels, CO emitted to the atmosphere every year2Up to 300 million tons. CO beyond natural self-coordination capability2The emission amount causes not only greenhouse effect but also significant deterioration of ecological environment, and therefore, CO2The collection, separation, transformation and utilization of greenhouse gases are receiving attention from various social circles.
Improving atmospheric environment, and controlling CO in atmosphere2The key is to control the emission from the source and to discharge CO2The trapping and separation is an effective means. Currently available CO2The absorption method mainly includes a solvent absorption method, a membrane absorption method, a chemical absorption method, and the like. For CO industrially2The traditional technique of trapping is to use an alcoholic ammonia solution as the chemical solvent. However, the traditional gas absorption treatment method has the defects of high energy consumption, difficult solid waste multi-treatment, difficult industrial application universality improvement and the like.
The eutectic solvent is a solvent system emerging in recent years, and the system mainly comprises a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. The melting point of the eutectic solvent is less than the melting point of each of its components itself, due to hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor. Because the raw materials are easy to obtain and the synthesis method is simple, and the eutectic solvent has the characteristics of low steam pressure, good solubility, adjustable structure and property and the like, the eutectic solvent is increasingly attracted by people. At present, eutectic solvents are widely applied in the fields of organic synthesis, material preparation, catalytic reaction and the like. Wherein the eutectic solvent is used for absorbing CO2And is also an important research field. Ali investigated various eutectic solvents for CO2(vii) absorption capacity (chem.eng. res.des.,2014,92, 1898). At 25 ℃ and 10bar, CO2The amount of the dissolved choline chloride-urea (1:4) was 0.0142g of CO2Per gram of absorbent. Li et al investigated the solubility of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) for CO2 (J.chem.Thermodyn.,2013,57, 131-. At 30 ℃ and 0.187MPa, each gram of absorbent can absorb CO20.0064 g. The above results show that the eutectic solvent is towards CO2Is weak in absorbing capacity. How to improve the eutectic solvent to CO2Absorption capacity ofIs a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently capturing CO2The eutectic solvent system of the invention is to CO2Has high absorption capacity and can be desorbed for recycling.
The invention provides a method for efficiently capturing CO2The eutectic solvent system consists of quaternary ammonium salt and/or quaternary phosphonium salt and glycol.
In the eutectic solvent system, the molar ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt to the ethylene glycol can be 1: 2-8, specifically 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1: 2-4 or 1: 2-6;
the molar ratio of the quaternary phosphonium salt to the ethylene glycol may be 1:2 to 8, specifically 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:2 to 4, or 1:2 to 6.
In the eutectic solvent system, the quaternary ammonium salt is tetraethyl ammonium imidazolium salt with a structural formula shown as a formula I and/or tetraethyl ammonium triazolium salt with a structural formula shown as a formula II;
the quaternary phosphonium salt is tetraethylphosphonium imidazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula III and/or tetraethylphosphonium triazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula IV;
in the present invention, the tetraethylammonium imidazolium salt is represented by [ N ]2222][Im]Said tetraethylammonium triazole salt is represented by [ N2222][Triz]And the tetraethylphosphonium imidazolium salt is represented by [ P ]2222][Im]Said tetraethylphosphonium triazole salt being designated [ P2222][Triz]。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the eutectic solvent system, which comprises the following steps: mixing the quaternary ammonium salt and/or the quaternary phosphonium salt with the ethylene glycol, heating until the system is completely changed into liquid, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-efficiency CO capture2The eutectic solvent system of (1).
In the preparation method, the heating temperature can be 70-90 ℃, and specifically can be 70 ℃.
The invention can efficiently capture CO2The eutectic solvent system is applied to preparing CO2In an absorbent.
The invention can efficiently capture CO2The eutectic solvent system is applied to absorbing CO2In (1).
The invention further provides a method for absorbing carbon dioxide by using the eutectic solvent system, which comprises the following steps: capturing the CO with high efficiency2The eutectic solvent system is contacted with gas containing carbon dioxide for absorption, namely, the carbon dioxide can be absorbed.
The invention utilizes the high-efficiency CO capture2The method for absorbing the carbon dioxide by the eutectic solvent system specifically comprises the following steps: the gas containing carbon dioxide is slowly led into the high-efficiency CO capture2In the container of the eutectic solvent system, the pressure and the temperature are controlled, and the weighing is carried out in the absorption process until the mass of the container is not changed any more.
In the method, the pressure of the absorption gas in the contact absorption process can be 0.01-0.1 MPa, specifically 0.1MPa, and the absorption temperature can be 20-60 ℃.
In the above method, the method further comprises capturing the CO absorbed by the carbon dioxide with high efficiency2Heating the eutectic solvent system, desorbing carbon dioxide gas and recovering the high-efficiency captured CO2The eutectic solvent system of (1).
In the method, the desorption temperature can be 70-100 ℃.
The invention has the following advantages:
the eutectic solvent system of the invention is to CO2Has higher absorption capacity and good recycling effect, and can realize CO2Efficient reversible absorption.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 high efficiency CO Capture2Preparation of the eutectic solvent system
The high-efficiency trapped CO is prepared by the following 1) to 6) respectively2The eutectic solvent system is as follows:
1) aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide was added to the round bottom flask followed by an equimolar addition of imidazole. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was heated to rotary-evaporate water and vacuum-dried to obtain tetraethylammonium imidazolium salt ([ N ] which was solid at room temperature2222][Im]). Heating tetraethyl ammonium imidazole salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) according to the molar ratio of 1:2 at 70 ℃ and stirring until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ N ]2222][Im]-EG(1:2)。
2) Aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide was added to the round bottom flask followed by an equimolar addition of imidazole. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, heating and rotary evaporation are carried out to remove water, and vacuum drying is carried out to obtain tetraethyl ammonium triazole salt ([ N ] triazole salt which is solid at room temperature2222][Im]). Heating tetraethyl ammonium imidazole salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) according to the molar ratio of 1:3 at 70 ℃, stirring until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ N ]2222][Im]-EG(1:3)。
3) Tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the round bottom flask followed by an equimolar addition of triazole. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, heating and rotary evaporation are carried out to remove water, and vacuum drying is carried out to obtain tetraethyl ammonium triazole salt ([ N ] triazole salt which is solid at room temperature2222][Triz]). Heating and stirring tetraethyl ammonium triazole salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 70 ℃ until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ N [ ]2222][Triz]-EG(1:2)。
4) Tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the round bottom flask followed by an equimolar addition of triazole.The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is finished, heating and rotary evaporation are carried out to remove water, and vacuum drying is carried out to obtain tetraethyl ammonium triazole salt ([ N ] triazole salt which is solid at room temperature2222][Triz]). Heating and stirring tetraethyl ammonium triazole salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) at a molar ratio of 1:3 at 70 ℃ until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ N2222][Triz]-EG(1:3)。
5) The tetraethyl phosphonium hydroxide aqueous solution can be obtained by using tetraethyl phosphonium bromide as a raw material through a strong-base ion exchange resin method. Aqueous tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide solution was then added to the round bottom flask, followed by an equimolar addition of imidazole. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was heated to remove water by rotary evaporation and vacuum-dried to obtain tetraethylphosphonium imidazolium salt ([ P ] which was solid at room temperature2222][Im]). Heating and stirring tetraethyl phosphonium imidazolium salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 70 ℃ until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ P ]2222][Im]-EG(1:2)。
6) Aqueous tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide solution was added to the round bottom flask followed by an equimolar addition of triazole. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was heated to rotary-evaporate water and vacuum-dried to obtain tetraethylphosphonium triazolate ([ P ] which was solid at room temperature2222][Triz]). Heating and stirring tetraethyl phosphonium triazole salt and Ethylene Glycol (EG) at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 70 ℃ until the mixed system is completely changed into liquid, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a eutectic solvent, wherein the eutectic solvent is marked as [ P ]2222][Triz]-EG(1:2)。
Examples 2,
About 2.0g of the eutectic solvent [ N ] prepared in example 1 of the present invention was added to each glass test tube having an inner diameter of 10mm2222][Im]EG (1:2), then CO was slowly passed in2The flow of gas is 50mL/min, the pressure of absorbed gas is 0.1MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the glass test tube is weighed by an electronic analytical balance in the absorption process, and the mass of the glass test tube is weighed at intervals until the mass is not changed any more. Calculating to obtain the solvent per gramAbsorption of CO20.129 g.
Examples 3,
About 2.0g of the eutectic solvent [ N ] prepared in example 1 of the present invention was added to each glass test tube having an inner diameter of 10mm2222][Triz]EG (1:2), then CO was slowly passed in2The flow of gas is 50mL/min, the pressure of absorbed gas is 0.1MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the glass test tube is weighed by an electronic analytical balance in the absorption process, and the mass of the glass test tube is weighed at intervals until the mass is not changed any more. Calculating to obtain the absorption of CO per gram of solvent20.125 g.
Examples 4,
About 2.0g of the eutectic solvent [ P ] prepared in example 1 of the present invention was added to each glass test tube having an inner diameter of 10mm2222][Im]EG (1:2), then CO was slowly passed in2The flow of gas is 50mL/min, the pressure of absorbed gas is 0.1MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the glass test tube is weighed by an electronic analytical balance in the absorption process, and the mass of the glass test tube is weighed at intervals until the mass is not changed any more. Calculating to obtain the absorption of CO per gram of solvent20.118 g.
Examples 5,
About 2.0g of the eutectic solvent [ P ] prepared in example 1 of the present invention was added to each glass test tube having an inner diameter of 10mm2222][Triz]EG (1:2), then CO was slowly passed in2The flow of gas is 50mL/min, the pressure of absorbed gas is 0.1MPa, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the glass test tube is weighed by an electronic analytical balance in the absorption process, and the mass of the glass test tube is weighed at intervals until the mass is not changed any more. Calculating to obtain the absorption of CO per gram of solvent20.118 g.
Examples 6,
About 2.0g of the eutectic solvent [ P ] synthesized in 4) of example 1 of the present invention was added to a glass test tube having an inner diameter of 10mm2222][Triz]EG (1:2), then pure CO2The gas flow is 50mL/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, the pressure is 0.1MPa, the weight of the glass test tube is weighed at certain time intervals until the mass does not change any more, and the absorption balance is achieved within about 40 min. After the absorption is finished, N is introduced2The flow rate is 50mL/min, desorptionDesorbing at 70 deg.C for 45min to absorb CO2Is completely released. Absorbing and desorbing for 5 times in a circulating way according to the steps, and enabling the eutectic solvent to react with CO2The absorption amount of (a) is kept substantially constant. The specific results are shown in the following table (table 1).
TABLE 1 eutectic solvents [ P2222][Triz]-EG (1:2) five cycles absorption of CO2Experimental results of (2)
From the above experimental results, the invention can efficiently capture CO2Eutectic solvent system of (2) to CO2Has high absorption capacity and absorbed CO2Completely released, circularly absorbed and desorbed for 5 times, eutectic solvent to CO2The absorption capacity is basically kept stable, further shows that the invention has good recycling effect and can realize the effect of CO2Efficient reversible absorption.
Claims (8)
1. Efficient CO capture2The eutectic solvent system is characterized in that: the eutectic solvent system consists of quaternary ammonium salt and/or quaternary phosphonium salt and glycol;
the molar ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt to the ethylene glycol is 1: 2-8;
the molar ratio of the quaternary phosphonium salt to the ethylene glycol is 1: 2-8;
the quaternary ammonium salt is tetraethyl ammonium imidazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula I and/or tetraethyl ammonium triazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula II;
the quaternary phosphonium salt is tetraethylphosphonium imidazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula III and/or tetraethylphosphonium triazolium salt with a structural formula shown in a formula IV;
2. the eutectic solution of claim 1The preparation method of the agent system comprises the following steps: mixing the quaternary ammonium salt and/or the quaternary phosphonium salt with the ethylene glycol, heating until the system is completely changed into liquid, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-efficiency CO capture2The eutectic solvent system of (1).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the heating temperature is 70-90 ℃.
4. The efficient CO capture system of claim 12In the preparation of CO2Use in absorbents.
5. A method for absorbing carbon dioxide using the eutectic solvent system of claim 1, comprising the steps of: capturing the CO with high efficiency2The eutectic solvent system is contacted with gas containing carbon dioxide for absorption, namely, the carbon dioxide can be absorbed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the contact absorption process, the absorption gas pressure is 0.01-0.1 MPa, and the absorption temperature is 20-60 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the method also comprises the step of efficiently capturing the CO absorbed with the carbon dioxide2Heating the eutectic solvent system, desorbing carbon dioxide gas and recovering the high-efficiency captured CO2The eutectic solvent system of (1).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the desorption temperature is 70-100 ℃.
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