CN108979686A - A kind of support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine - Google Patents
A kind of support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108979686A CN108979686A CN201810991902.4A CN201810991902A CN108979686A CN 108979686 A CN108979686 A CN 108979686A CN 201810991902 A CN201810991902 A CN 201810991902A CN 108979686 A CN108979686 A CN 108979686A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of coal mine gob roof timbering methods; belong to mining technique and environmental protection technical field; this method comprises: obtaining the breaking down for the first time step pitch that underground coal mine working face directly pushes up, the frost breakage length pushed up always, and directly top, the lithology pushed up always, thickness；According to the breaking down for the first time step pitch directly pushed up, anchor pole, joist progress supporting synchronous to goaf immediate roof with anchor cable are used during being formed to goaf；Array pitch between the determining composition joist of supporting construction, the model of anchor cable and anchor pole, length and joist, anchor cable and anchor pole；It is less than within the scope of the frost breakage length pushed up always in goaf unsupported back span, supporting is carried out to old top by goaf immediate roof using anchor cable group；Determine the model, length and array pitch of anchor cable group；Until the propulsion work of working face is completed.This method has the characteristics that method is simple, easy to operate, controlroof is not caving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine, belong to mining technique and environmental protection technology
Field.
Background technique
The coal-mining method that coal mine gob prevents top plate (including directly pushing up, always push up) to be caving at present is generally according to top plate property
There are two kinds of filling method, pillar supporting method coal-mining methods substantially with conditions such as thickness.
After filling method specifically includes that the propulsion certain distance with working face, when goaf rock stratum hangs dew by open-off cut,
Filler is sent to goaf, mined out region is filled, with roof supporting, makes directly to push up, old top is not exclusively across falling；It is existing
Row filling method solve to a certain extent reduce goaf top plate deformation and destruction, but goaf filling the problem is that
Top plate may occur simultaneously for filling across falling, and obturation and the control of top plate contact compactness are difficult, and controlling improper top plate still can break
It goes bad and is caving, while mining and being carried out simultaneously with filling, two kinds of techniques interfere with each other, and influence normally to produce.
Pillar supporting method mainly includes that after the propulsion certain distance of working face, goaf rock stratum is hanged by open-off cut
Dew, leaves pillar top plate in goaf, makes directly to push up, old top is not across falling.But this method loses coal resources, reduces
Yield results in waste of resources.Normal production is influenced simultaneously.
The most coal mine of China's current, in order to reduce cost, using caving method coal-mining method, i.e., to formation after coal mining
Goaf with no treatment, makes immediate roof, the old top plate spontaneous caving in goaf, forms roof caving band, leeding water rent
Band and bending band (or moving integrally band), ground shift and deformation.If exploiting above ground structure using caving method coal-mining method
Lower coal resources, Tab phenolphthaleinum causes the land subsidence on mine thereafter, and above ground structure destroys.In order not to destroy above ground structure, coal
Mine is that building stays coal column, is not exploited, but forms pressure coal.(referred to as " under three ") pressure coal amount is big under building, water body, railway at present
It is wide, it has also become the serious technical problem for restricting shaft production.Therefore to solve goaf top plate and be not caving, ground not under
It is heavy, and a large amount of coal resources " under three " can be discharged and have become one very urgent strategic task of coal industry.
It crushes when the theoretical main research of domestic coal mine pressure is using caving method coal-mining method, breaking down for the first time, period collapse
Activity and strata behaviors rule are fallen, to solve coal working face roof timbering method, formation is adopted to after coal mining
Supporting processing, goaf spontaneous caving are not made in dead zone.It is aobvious using roof movement when research caving method coal-mining method and mine pressure
The mine pressure theory of existing rule carries out supporting processing to goaf, and roof supporting makes directly to push up, be pushed up always not across falling, and maintenance is complete
Goaf after coal mining, the shortcomings that can not only having overcome two kinds of filling method, pillar supporting method coal-mining methods, but also coal money can be produced
Source, the indeformable destruction in ground.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine, are adopted with overcoming in prior art
With the shortcoming of caving method coal-mining method goaf top plate not supporting, theory is pressed using mine, supporting is carried out to goaf top plate.
Roof timbering method in coal mine gob proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) the breaking down for the first time step pitch L directly pushed up using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceDirectly:
Wherein, hDirectlyFor direct rimrock stone thickness, RtDirectly to push up Tensile Strength of Rock, qDirectlyDirectly to push up load, qDirectly=rDirectly
hDirectly, rDirectlyFor direct rimrock stone body force, RtAnd rDirectlyIt is obtained respectively according to directly top Rock Species from reference books；
Push up 7 frost breakage length L always using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceOld 1:
Wherein, hOld 1For the first layer rock thickness pushed up always, Rt1To push up Tensile Strength of Rock always, according to old top first layer rock
Stone type is obtained from reference books, qOld 1For old top loading load；
qOld 1=qDirectly+(qn)1,
Wherein, (qn)1To push up itself always and above covering n-layer rock stratum load:
In above formula, EnFor the elasticity modulus for pushing up n-th layer rock always, obtained according to old top n-th layer Rock Species from reference books
It takes, hnFor the depth of stratum of n-th layer, rnFor n-th layer rock volume power, obtained according to Rock Species from reference books；
To above-mentioned (qn)1Itself is pushed up always and above covers n-layer rock stratum load and is judged from lower to upper, as (qn+1)1< (qn)1, and
LOld 1< LAlways+1, i.e., the old upper n+1 layer institute in top it is loaded less than the n-layer institute frost breakage length loaded, old for pushing up first layer less than always
When n+1 layers of the frost breakage length in top, the roof timbering that follows the steps below；
(2) goaf immediate roof is synchronized using anchor pole, joist and carries out supporting, joist selection diameter 6mm, width x length=
The reinforcing bar of 100mm × 2600mm, the long L of anchor poleAnchor pole=L1+L2, wherein L1For anchor pole protruded length, L is taken1=0.15m, L2For anchor pole
Effective length；
When the range that direct top needs to suspend in midair is small or there is loosening crushed zone, L2It should be greater than or equal to the thickness directly pushed up
Degree, directly top is there are when inbreak, L2Should be greater than or equal to Collapsed zone bottom to top height；
Bolt diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor poleIt is searched from reference books, σ for anchor-holding force of anchor bolt according to the anchor pole type of selectiontFor u anchor pole material
Tensile strength；
Interval S j and the equal Sp of array pitch between anchor pole:
Wherein, k is anchor pole safety factor, and K=1.5~2, r are direct rimrock stone body force, according to directly top Rock Species
It is obtained from reference books；
(3) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf unsupported back span be less than or equal to directly push up it is first across falling
Step pitch LDirectlySynchronous progress supporting is directly pushed up to goaf using anchor cable in the place -5m:
The long H of anchor cableAnchor cable=H1+H2
Wherein, H1For anchor cable protruded length, H is taken1=0.15m, H2For anchor cable effective length, H2It should be greater than the thickness directly pushed up
Degree anchors into old top；
Anchor cable diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor cableFor anchorage cable anchoring power, obtained according to anchor cable the selection of material from reference books, σtFor the anti-of anchorage cable materials
Tensile strength；
Interval S j and array pitch Sp between anchor cable is equal, it may be assumed that
Wherein, k is anchor cable safety coefficient, K=1.5~2；
(4) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf, unsupported back span is less than or equal to the primary fracture step pushed up always
Away from LOld 1The place -5m carries out supporting by the way that goaf immediate roof is synchronous to old top using anchor cable group, each anchor cable in anchor cable group
Diameter D, anchor cable length L, anchor cable spacing and array pitch and anchor force selection and calculate identical as above-mentioned steps (3)；
(5) repeat the above steps (2)-(4), the propulsion until completing working face.
A kind of coal mine gob roof timbering method proposed by the present invention, its advantage is that:
1, support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine proposed by the present invention is obtained direct using mine pressure theoretical calculation
The breaking down for the first time step pitch on top, the frost breakage length pushed up always choose the right moment and carry out to goaf in continual situation of mining
Supporting；Goaf initial stage is avoided to press and periodic weighting, controlroof are not caving.
2, supporting is carried out to coal mine gob top plate using the method for the present invention, the land subsidence on mine can be made to become
Shape is small, solves the problems, such as above ground structure, village, water body, railway, highway, high-voltage line and vegetation deterioration resettlement, it can be achieved that not removing
Move exploitation.
3, the present invention is realized without coal pillar mining, releasable " under three " (building, water body, railway) a large amount of coal resources,
Using valuable coal resources, and reduce mining costs.
4, the method for the present invention can Bian Caibian supporting, and realize that coal mining, supporting are mutually indepedent, solve to mine and goaf supporting
Problem is mutually restrained, realizes that " under three " exploit working face and routinely arrange, normalization, normalization production；Solve adjacent mining preparation work
Mining influence big problem in face realizes that gob side entry retaining is exploited, suitable in exploiting field to adopt；Solve the big difficulty of coal working face mining influence
Topic, also reduces Face Pressure, the bracket for keeping working face selection intensity small and light-weight, reduces investment, improves working environment
Safety.
5, support method for underground goaf roof of coal mine of the invention, with simple, easy to operate, effect the is good spy of method
Point, an especially suitable mining height are the coal mine gob roof timbering of full coal thickness.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the supporting construction setting top view of the goaf that the method for the present invention is related to and working face.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,1- anchor pole, 2- joist, 3- anchor cable, 4- anchor cable group, the unquarried coal seam 5-, 6- directly pushed up, and 7- is old
Top, 8- bottom plate, the goaf 9-, 10- coal working face.
Specific embodiment
Roof timbering method in coal mine gob proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) 6 breaking down for the first time step pitch L is directly pushed up using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceDirectly:
Wherein, hDirectlyFor direct rimrock stone thickness, RtDirectly to push up Tensile Strength of Rock, qDirectlyDirectly to push up 6 load, qDirectly=rDirectly
hDirectly, rDirectlyFor direct rimrock stone body force, RtAnd rDirectlyIt is obtained respectively according to directly top Rock Species from reference books；
Push up 7 frost breakage length L always using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceOld 1:
Wherein, hOld 1For the first layer rock thickness for pushing up 7 always, Rt1To push up 7 Tensile Strength of Rock always, according to old top first layer
Rock Species are obtained from reference books, qOld 1For old top loading load, load is pushed up always in addition to its self weight, the load generally also directly pushed up
Above cover the load that the interaction of neighbouring rock stratum generates.
qOld 1=qDirectly+(qn)1,
Wherein, (qn)1To push up itself always and above covering n-layer rock stratum load:
In above formula, EnFor the elasticity modulus for pushing up n-th layer rock always, obtained according to old top n-th layer Rock Species from reference books
It takes, hnFor the depth of stratum of n-th layer, rnFor n-layer rock volume power, obtained according to Rock Species from reference books；
To above-mentioned (qn)1Itself is pushed up always and above covers n-layer rock stratum load and is judged from lower to upper, as (qn+1)1< (qn)1, and
LOld 1< LAlways+1, i.e., the old upper n+1 layer institute in top it is loaded less than the n-layer institute frost breakage length loaded, old for pushing up first layer less than always
When n+1 layers of the frost breakage length in top, the roof timbering that follows the steps below；
(2) while propulsion with coal working face, when direct top needs to suspend in midair during being gradually formed to goaf
Shi Caiyong anchor pole 1, joist 2, which synchronize goaf immediate roof, carries out supporting, joist selection diameter 6mm, and width x length=100mm ×
The reinforcing bar of 2600mm, the long L of anchor poleAnchor pole=L1+L2, wherein L1For anchor pole protruded length, L is taken1=0.15m, L2It is effectively long for anchor pole
Degree；
When the range that direct top needs to suspend in midair is small or there is loosening crushed zone, L2It should be greater than or equal to the thickness directly pushed up
Degree, directly top is there are when inbreak, L2Should be greater than or equal to Collapsed zone bottom to top height；
Bolt diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor poleIt is searched from reference books, σ for anchor-holding force of anchor bolt according to the anchor pole type of selectiontFor u anchor pole material
Tensile strength；
Interval S j and the equal Sp of array pitch between anchor pole:
Wherein, k is anchor pole safety factor, and K=1.5~2, r are direct rimrock stone body force, according to directly top Rock Species
It is obtained from reference books；
(3) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf unsupported back span be less than or equal to directly push up it is first across falling
Step pitch LDirectlyThe place -5m 6 synchronous progress supportings are directly pushed up to goaf using anchor cable 3:
The long H of anchor cableAnchor cable=H1+H2
Wherein, H1For anchor cable protruded length, H is taken1=0.15m, H2For anchor cable effective length, H2It should be greater than the thickness directly pushed up
Degree anchors into old top；
Anchor cable diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor cableFor anchorage cable anchoring power, obtained according to anchor cable the selection of material from reference books, σtFor the anti-of anchorage cable materials
Tensile strength；
Interval S j and array pitch Sp between anchor cable is equal, it may be assumed that
Wherein, k is anchor cable safety coefficient, K=1.5~2；
(4) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf, unsupported back span is less than or equal to the primary fracture step pushed up always
Away from LOld 1The place -5m carries out supporting, each of anchor cable group 4 by the way that goaf immediate roof 6 is synchronous to old top 7 using anchor cable group 4
Anchor cable diameter D, anchor cable length L, anchor cable spacing and array pitch and anchor force selection and calculate it is identical as above-mentioned steps (3), one
As select 9 anchor cables to be one group；
(5) repeat the above steps (2)-(4), the propulsion until completing working face.
Spacing between each joist (net), anchor cable and anchor pole or array pitch in above-mentioned supporting construction are zero or several supports
Spacing or array pitch between beam (net), anchor cable and anchor pole are zero or spacing or row between each joist (net), anchor cable and anchor pole
Away from being not zero；Each spacing or the equal or unequal a variety of various forms of structures of array pitch can also be made；Anchor cable group arrangement and support
Spacing or array pitch between beam (net), anchor cable and anchor pole are arranged and are determined similarly.
The propulsion of coal working face relatively independent can be carried out with goaf top plate support work in this method implementation process, mutually
It does not interfere.
With reference to the accompanying drawing to one embodiment of the present of invention:
The goaf top plate method for protecting support of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, 2, comprising the following steps:
1) actual measurement underground coal mine working face pushes up 6 directly as shale and siltstone, and thickness 2.4m, breaking down for the first time step pitch is 10m,
Old top 7 be in and siltstone, thickness 8.5m, frost breakage length 30m；
2) while with the propulsion of coal working face 10, diameter 22mm, long 3000mm twisted steel anchor rod 1 and 100mm are selected
× 2600mm joist 2 is directly pushed up 6 plates to goaf using jumbolter and is carried out anchor pole 1, steel by array pitch between 800mm × 800mm
2 supporting of muscle joist, anchor pole 1 and joist 2 are adjacent to directly top 6；
3) continue to promote with coal working face 10, in goaf, 9 unsupported back span is less than the frost breakage length model on directly top 6
Select diameter 34mm in enclosing (5m at), long 8300mm anchor cable 3, by array pitch between 2400mm × 2400mm, using anchor cable rig to adopting
6 progress 3 supportings of anchor cable are directly pushed up in dead zone, and anchor cable 3 is adjacent to directly top 6；
4) continue to promote with coal working face 10, in goaf, 9 unsupported back span is less than the frost breakage length range on old top 7
Interior (at 25m), selection selection diameter 34mm, long 12000mm anchor cable form anchor cable by array pitch between 1500mm × 1500mm × 2 rows
Group 4 directly pushes up 6 plates by goaf using jumbolter and carries out supporting to old top 7, and 4 structure of anchor cable group is adjacent to directly top 6；Anchor
Spacing 3m between rope group 4；Complete an anchor pole, anchor cable and the installation of anchor cable group structure；
5) repeat the above steps 2), 4) process, carry out anchor pole, anchor cable and the installation of anchor cable group next time, in cycles, until
Complete the supporting of goaf top plate.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of coal mine gob roof timbering method, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
(1) 6 breaking down for the first time step pitch L is directly pushed up using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceDirectly:
Wherein, hDirectlyDirectly to push up 6 rock thickness, RtDirectly to push up 6 Tensile Strength of Rock, qDirectlyDirectly to push up 6 load, qDirectly=rDirectlyhDirectly,
rDirectlyDirectly to push up 6 rock volume power, RtAnd rDirectlyIt is obtained respectively according to directly 6 Rock Species of top from reference books；
Push up 7 frost breakage length L always using mine pressure theoretical calculation underground coal mine coal working faceOld 1:
Wherein, hOld 1For the first layer rock thickness for pushing up 7 always, Rt1To push up 7 Tensile Strength of Rock always, according to 7 first layer rocks of old top
Type is obtained from reference books, qOld 1To push up 7 loads always；
qOld 1=qDirectly+(qn)1,
Wherein, (qn)1For push up always 7 itself and above cover n-layer rock stratum load:
In above formula, EnFor the elasticity modulus for pushing up 7 n-th layer rocks always, obtained according to 7 n-th layer Rock Species of old top from reference books,
hnFor the depth of stratum of n-th layer, rnFor n-layer rock volume power, obtained according to Rock Species from reference books；
To above-mentioned (qn)1It old top 7 itself and above covers n-layer rock stratum load and judges from lower to upper, as (qn+1)1< (qn)1, and LOld 1<
LAlways+1, i.e., the old upper n+1 layer institute in the top frost breakage length loaded less than n-layer institute top first layer loaded, old less than pushing up n+1 always
When the frost breakage length of layer, the roof timbering that follows the steps below；
(2) goaf immediate roof 6 is synchronized using anchor pole, joist and carries out supporting, joist selection diameter 6mm, width x length=
The reinforcing bar of 100mm × 2600mm, the long L of anchor poleAnchor pole=L1+L2, wherein L1For anchor pole protruded length, L is taken1=0.15m, L2For anchor pole
Effective length；
When the range that direct top 6 needs to suspend in midair is small or there is loosening crushed zone, L2Should be greater than or equal to direct top 6 thickness, directly
Top 6 is connect there are when inbreak, L2Should be greater than or equal to Collapsed zone bottom to top height；
Bolt diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor poleIt is searched from reference books, σ for anchor-holding force of anchor bolt according to the anchor pole type of selectiontFor the tension of anchor pole material
Intensity；
Interval S j and the equal Sp of array pitch between anchor pole:
Wherein, k is anchor pole safety factor, and K=1.5~2, r are direct rimrock stone body force, according to directly pushing up Rock Species from phase
Handbook is closed to obtain；
(3) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf, unsupported back span is less than or equal to the first across falling step pitch of direct top 6
LDirectlyThe place -5m 6 synchronous progress supportings are directly pushed up to goaf using anchor cable 3:
The long H of anchor cableAnchor cable=H1+H2
Wherein, H1For anchor cable protruded length, H is taken1=0.15m, H2For anchor cable effective length, H2It should be greater than the thickness directly pushed up, anchor
Enter in old top；
Anchor cable diameter D are as follows:
Wherein, QAnchor cableFor anchorage cable anchoring power, obtained according to anchor cable the selection of material from reference books, σtIt is strong for the tension of anchorage cable materials
Degree；
Interval S j and array pitch Sp between anchor cable is equal, it may be assumed that
Wherein, k is anchor cable safety coefficient, K=1.5~2；
(4) continue to promote with coal working face, in goaf, unsupported back span is less than or equal to the frost breakage length on old top 7
LOld 1- 5m locates, and directly pushes up 6 pairs of synchronous progress supportings in old top 7 by goaf using anchor cable group 4, each anchor cable in anchor cable group 4
Diameter D, anchor cable length L, anchor cable spacing and array pitch and anchor force selection and calculate identical as above-mentioned steps (3)；
(5) repeat the above steps (2)-(4), the propulsion until completing working face.
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| CN201810991902.4A CN108979686B (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2018-08-29 | Method for supporting top plate of coal mine underground goaf |
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| CN112182841A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-05 | 太原理工大学 | Safety assessment method for caving step of underground rock roof |
| CN112305608A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-02 | 河北煤炭科学研究院有限公司 | Method and device for calculating pressure step of stope face and terminal equipment |
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| CN112182841B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-06-17 | 太原理工大学 | Safety assessment method for caving step of underground rock roof |
| CN112305608A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-02 | 河北煤炭科学研究院有限公司 | Method and device for calculating pressure step of stope face and terminal equipment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108979686B (en) | 2020-01-03 |
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