CN108972169B - Non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro drilling cutter and cutter grinding method thereof - Google Patents

Non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro drilling cutter and cutter grinding method thereof Download PDF

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CN108972169B
CN108972169B CN201810830245.5A CN201810830245A CN108972169B CN 108972169 B CN108972169 B CN 108972169B CN 201810830245 A CN201810830245 A CN 201810830245A CN 108972169 B CN108972169 B CN 108972169B
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micro
drill
cutter
point
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CN108972169A (en
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王西彬
梁志强
郭海新
周天丰
赵文祥
解丽静
焦黎
刘志兵
颜培
杨洪建
沈文华
滕龙龙
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/24—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/24—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of drills
    • B24B3/247—Supports for drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro-drilling cutter and a cutter grinding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of machining. The structure of the cutter is characterized in that the drill point of the cutter consists of a continuous spiral rear cutter face and an S-shaped chisel edge. The drilling tool realizes accurate numerical control sharpening of the non-coaxial spiral rear tool face through five-axis linkage of X, Y, Z, A, W. The sharpening method can realize the grinding preparation of the non-coaxial spiral face drill point with various geometric structural parameters. And the quadric surface equation of the rear cutter surface is dispersed into a linear equation set of a spiral generating line, the relative spiral motion between the grinding wheel and the cutter is ensured through the motion in a plane parallel to the axis of the drill bit and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit, the calculation process is efficient and accurate, and the calculation is easy to realize. Aiming at the characteristics of micro deep hole drilling processing of difficult-to-process materials such as stainless steel and the like, the tool not only can effectively reduce the abrasion of the chisel edge, improve the centering performance of drilling, and reduce the roundness error of the inlet of a micro hole; and the friction between the micro drill and the workpiece can be effectively reduced, the drilling force and the abrasion of a rear cutter face are reduced, and the service life of the micro drill is prolonged.

Description

Non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro drilling cutter and cutter grinding method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro-drilling cutter and a cutter grinding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of machining.
Background
With the rapid development of scientific technology and industrial production, the application of micro-hole parts, such as instrument elements of aerospace inertial gyroscopes, oil nozzles of engines, air film cooling holes of turbine blades, computer printing heads, printed circuit boards, etc., is becoming more widespread. The micro-hole parts are made of difficult-to-process materials such as stainless steel, high-strength steel, titanium alloy and the like, and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel materials are frequently used for high-temperature and high-pressure parts, engine oil nozzles and the like. The micro-hole machining generally adopts methods such as micro-drilling, micro-electric spark, micro-etching and the like. Wherein, the micro drilling has the advantages of wide machinable materials, no limitation of material conductivity, high material removal rate, high machining precision, low batch production cost and the like, and becomes the main method for machining the micro holes at present at high precision.
In the micro-drilling machining, due to the fact that the stainless steel material is large in plastic deformation and low in heat conductivity coefficient, cutting scraps are not prone to breaking and separating and are prone to winding and accumulating in the spiral groove, and machining surface quality is affected. Meanwhile, the micro drilling process is influenced by the size effect, the material removing process mainly comprises extrusion and plowing, the cutting edge area of the cutter is subjected to large stress, micro tipping and micro cracks are easily caused, and the grinding loss of the cutter is aggravated. And the problems of cutter breakage, low processing efficiency and the like often occur in the sharpening process of the micro-drilling cutter. Aiming at the problems and difficulties of the precision drilling tool for the micro holes made of difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel and the like, the invention designs a drill point structure of a novel micro drilling tool and provides a high-quality sharpening preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a non-coaxial spiral flank micro drilling tool and a method for sharpening the same. Aiming at the characteristics of micro drilling, the structural characteristics of the tool not only can effectively reduce the abrasion of the chisel edge, improve the centering performance of drilling and reduce the roundness error of the entrance of a micro hole; the friction between the micro drill and the workpiece can be effectively reduced, the drilling force and the abrasion of a rear cutter face are reduced, and the service life of the micro drill is prolonged; and the cutter is subjected to a cutter grinding test, the precise numerical control cutter grinding of the cutter face after micro drilling is finished based on five-axis linkage, and the cutter grinding efficiency and quality are obviously improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a non-coaxial spiral rear cutter face micro drilling cutter is characterized in that a drill tip consists of a continuous spiral rear cutter face and an S-shaped chisel edge. The non-coaxial helicoids can be used for enabling the grinding wheel (or the drill bit) to rotate around a certain fixed axis Z when the drill bit (or the grinding wheel) is fixedHThe grinding wheel is obtained by spiral motion (intersecting with the axis of the cutter), but the six-axis numerical control grinding machine cannot directly realize complex space motion of the grinding wheel, and the spiral motion of the grinding wheel needs to be decomposed into a plurality of plane motions of the grinding wheel and the drill bit. In order to realize numerical control sharpening of a non-coaxial spiral surface, the quadric surface equation of a rear cutter surface needs to be dispersed into a linear equation of a contact line AN between a micro drill and a grinding wheel, namely a spiral motion generation line OHM at any position during the spiral motion.
The method can realize the controllability of five grinding parameters (theta, β, B and phi) of a rear cutter face, further can realize the grinding preparation of a non-coaxial spiral surface drill point with various geometric structural parameters, and the sharpening method disperses a quadric surface equation of the rear cutter face into a linear equation set of a spiral generating line, ensures the relative spiral motion between the grinding wheel and the cutter through the motions parallel to the axial plane of the drill bit and in the plane vertical to the axial line of the drill bit, and is easy to calculate the high-efficiency precision, realize the accurate sharpening of the spiral groove and the sharpening processX, Y, Z and W shafts are moved and rotated to the initial positions of spiral groove grinding, and then the U shaft and the A shaft respectively perform interpolation motion of straight line and rotation, namely the rotation angle of the A shaft
Figure BDA0001741721720000021
While the U-axis moves by a distance
Figure BDA0001741721720000022
Wherein d is the diameter of the microdriller, β0The helix angle of the spiral groove. A complete spiral groove is formed through the combined motion of the U shaft and the A shaft.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the non-coaxial helicoid micro-drilling chisel edge is an S-shaped curved edge and is smoother, thereby effectively reducing the abrasion of the chisel edge, improving the centering performance of drilling and reducing the roundness error of the entrance of a micro-hole; and the back angles of the main cutting edge and the cross edge are reasonably distributed, the back angle is larger, the friction between the micro drill and a workpiece is effectively reduced, and the drilling force and the abrasion of a rear cutter face are reduced.
(2) The invention realizes the accurate numerical control blade grinding of the micro-drilling rear blade face of the non-coaxial spiral rear blade face and the blade grinding of the spiral groove by the combined motion of A, U through the five-axis linkage of the numerical control machine tool X, Y, Z, A, W, solves the problem of difficult blade grinding of the micro-drilling cutter of the non-coaxial spiral rear blade face, reduces the phenomena of damage, fracture and the like generated in the grinding process, improves the blade grinding quality of the cutter and prolongs the service life of the cutter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a mathematical model of the non-coaxial spiral relief of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a grinding wheel mounting of the CNC tool grinder;
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sharpening process of the flank of a non-coaxial spiral flank micro-drilling tool.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a spiral groove sharpening process for a non-coaxial spiral relief finish micro drilling tool.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings:
numerical control toolThe schematic view of the installation of the grinding wheel of the grinding machine is shown in fig. 2. The spiral groove sharpening process is completed by adopting a dish-shaped grinding wheel 1, and the rear knife face sharpening process is completed by adopting a parallel grinding wheel 2. Furthermore, LX、LY、LZIs the center O of the drill tipdDistance along axis X, Y, Z from the machine origin O. L isw1、Lw2The distances from the disc grinding wheel 1 and the parallel grinding wheel 2 to the origin O of the machine tool along the Y axis respectively, DW2Parallel to the diameter of the grinding wheel, DW1Is the diameter of the grinding disc.
The mathematical model of the non-coaxial spiral flank is shown in FIG. 1, and the flank F1By the generation line OHM around ZHA part of the helicoid formed by the helical movement of the shaft, OH-XHYHZHIs a helical coordinate system. O isd-XdYdZdFor the micro-drill coordinate system, origin of coordinates OdAt the center of the drill tip, ZdThe axis coinciding with the drill bit axis, XdThe axial direction satisfies that the Y coordinate of the outer edge rotating point C is Yc-t (2t is the core thickness). Micro-drill coordinate system Od-XdYdZdBy winding around ZdThe shaft rotates by an angle β to obtain a transition coordinate system Ot-XtYtZt. Transition coordinate system Ot-XtYtZtBy coordinate translation and rotation about YtThe shaft rotates by a certain angle phi to obtain a spiral coordinate system OH-XHYHZHIn addition to parameters φ and β, there are three sharpening parameters B, H and θ, where B is the center of the drill tip OdDistance to point D, point D being a helical coordinate system OH-XHYHZHZ of (A)HAxis and microdriller coordinate system Od-XdYdZdZ of (A)dThe intersection of the axes, H being the pitch of the helicoids, theta being the grinding face of the grinding wheel and ZHThe angle of the axes.
Micro-drill coordinate system O of non-coaxial helicoid rear cutter facedXdYdZdEquation F in (1)1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001741721720000031
wherein, Xt＝Xdcosβ-Ydsinβ，Yt＝Ydcosβ+Xdsinβ。
Mixing Xd＝-Xd，Yd＝-YdInto equation F1Obtaining the flank face F2Equation F2(Xd,Yd,Zd)＝0。
The non-coaxial helicoids can be used for enabling the grinding wheel (or the drill bit) to rotate around a certain fixed axis Z when the drill bit (or the grinding wheel) is fixedHThe grinding wheel is obtained by spiral motion (intersecting with the axis of the cutter), but the six-axis numerical control grinding machine cannot directly realize complex space motion of the grinding wheel, and the spiral motion of the grinding wheel needs to be decomposed into a plurality of plane motions of the grinding wheel and the drill bit. In order to realize numerical control sharpening of a non-coaxial spiral surface, the quadric surface equation of a rear cutter surface needs to be dispersed into a linear equation of a contact line AN between a micro drill and a grinding wheel, namely a spiral motion generation line OHM at any position during the spiral motion.
Assuming AN is a certain position of a generating line in the process of spiral motion, and the point N is positioned on a clearance surface F1Line of intersection L with the outer cylindrical surface of the drill bit1In the micro-drill coordinate system Od-XdYdZdThe middle N point coordinates may be expressed as:
Nd(xd,yd,zd)＝(dcosαd/2,dsinαd/2,zd)＝(gx(αd),gy(αd),gz(αd))
wherein d is the microdrilling diameter, αdIs OdProjection of N on cross section of drill bit and XdAngle of axis, zdCan be calculated by the flank equation F1(xd,yd,zd) And solving the solution to obtain the solution of 0.
In a helical coordinate system OH-XHYHZHIn, suppose that line O occursHM around ZHShaft rotation angle αHReaches the position of the straight line AN, so that the point A is at OH-XHYHZHThe expression in the coordinate system is: a. theH(xAH,yAH,zAH)＝(0,0,-HαHAnd/2 pi). Obtaining the point A in the micro-drill coordinate system O through the coordinate conversion relational expressiond-XdYdZdThe expression in (1) is:
Figure BDA0001741721720000041
in addition, N points are in a micro-drilling coordinate system Od-XdYdZdCoordinate of (5) is Nd(xd,yd,zd)＝(dcosαd/2,dsinαd/2,zd) Through the coordinate transformation relational expression, the N point at O can be obtainedH-XHYHZHExpression N in a coordinate systemH(xH,yH,zH) Therefore αHCan be expressed as αH＝tan(yH/xH)＝f(αd). Thus in the microdrilling coordinate system OdXdYdZdIn, the coordinates of point A are Ad(xAd,yAd,zAd)＝(px(f(αd)),py(f(αd)),pz(f(αd)))＝(fx(αd),fy(αd),fz(αd) ). for arbitrary angle αdThe equation of the generating line AN is uniquely determined, so the flank surface quadric equation can be discretized into a linear equation set of a series of contact lines, which equation can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001741721720000042
the specific method for preparing the non-coaxial spiral rear tool face micro-hole drilling tool by sharpening comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, a cutter blank is clamped on a numerical control grinder fixture for fixing, and a sensor is used for setting a cutter to establish the relation between a workpiece coordinate system and a machine tool coordinate system.
2、The non-coaxial spiral rear face of the micro-drilling tool is sharpened on the basis of the step 1, the sharpening process is shown in the attached figure 3, the relative positions of a drill bit and a grinding wheel in the sharpening process are shown in the figure 3(a), the rear face is sharpened by using the outer cylindrical surface of the parallel grinding wheel, and the contact between the grinding wheel and the drill bit is regarded as line contact. In order to realize numerical control sharpening of the rear cutter face, the contact line position of the grinding wheel and the drill bit is ensured to be a determined generation line L in the sharpening processANPosition, required to obtain the line of occurrence L in the machine coordinate system O-XYZANAnd the coordinates of point N.
In the microdrilling coordinate system Od-XdYdZdIn (f), the direction vector of contact line AN is AN ═ fx(αd)-gx(αd),fy(αd)-gy(αd),fz(αd)-gz(αd)). In the machine tool coordinate system O-XYZ, the orientation needs to be ensured by movements in a plane parallel to the drill axis and in a plane perpendicular to the drill axis. In a plane parallel to the bit axis (see FIG. 3(b)), the W axis needs to be rotated by γ + π/2 to ensure the direction of the contact line, wherein the bit axis Z isdThe angle γ between the axis and AN is:
Figure BDA0001741721720000043
in a plane perpendicular to the bit axis (see FIG. 3(c)), assume OHM is the initial position of the contact line, OHM needs to wind around ZdShaft rotation angle αAAnd moved by a distance Z ═ O along the Z axisdT can reach the line AN position. Point A to drill point OdThe distance of (a) is:
Figure BDA0001741721720000051
therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
Figure BDA0001741721720000052
α therein1＝π-β-αd。
During sharpening, the U shaft needs to move a distance B to fix the W shaft rotation center of the machine tool at a point D of the drill bit, and the coordinate position of a point N in a machine tool coordinate system O-XYZ is ensured through the relative distance between the point D and the point N. The relative distance (x, y) between point D and point N is:
Figure BDA0001741721720000053
Figure BDA0001741721720000054
wherein, the passing point N is taken as a parallel line of the axis of the drill bit, the passing point D is taken as a vertical line of the axis of the drill bit, the two are intersected at a point Q,
Figure BDA0001741721720000055
the distance between point D and point Q.
In summary, according to the grinding wheel mounting parameters and the grinding wheel geometry parameters shown in fig. 2, the motion equations of the X, Y, Z, A, W axes are: -LX-DW2/2-x，-LY+LW2+y，-LZ-z，αA，γ+π/2。
3. And (3) starting to sharpen the spiral groove of the non-coaxial spiral rear tool face micro-drilling tool on the basis of the step 2, wherein the sharpening process is shown in the attached figure 4. The relative spiral motion of emery wheel and cutter forms the helicla flute curved surface, and when the emery wheel was fixed, the cutter made spiral motion along self axis, and the overlapping portion of emery wheel and cutter orbit forms the helicla flute.
Before grinding begins, X, Y, Z and W shaft move to rotate to the initial position of spiral groove grinding, the angle of rotation of W shaft is 90-lambda, in this patent, lambda is β0+20°，β0The helix angle of the spiral groove. Z-axis movement distance Z1To ensure that the thickness of the micro-drill core meets the design requirement, z1＝LZ-ax. X, Y the moving distances of the axes are x respectively1、y1To ensure that the center of the drill tip coincides with the center of the large end face of the grinding wheel, wherein x1＝LX+azsinλ+aycosλ，y1＝LY+azcosλ-aysin lambda. During grinding, the U axis and the A axis respectively perform linear and rotary interpolation motion, namely the rotation angle of the A axis
Figure BDA0001741721720000056
While the U-axis moves by a distance
Figure BDA0001741721720000057
Wherein d is the diameter of the microdriller, β0The helix angle of the spiral groove. A complete spiral groove is formed through the combined motion of the U shaft and the A shaft.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种非共轴螺旋后刀面微细钻削刀具的刃磨方法，该微细钻削刀具的钻尖由连续的螺旋后刀面和S型横刃组成，所述微细钻削刀具的非共轴螺旋后刀面在微钻坐标系Od-XdYdZd中的方程F1为：1. A sharpening method for a non-coaxial helical flank micro-drilling tool, the drill tip of the micro-drilling tool is composed of a continuous helical flank and an S-shaped chisel edge, and the non-coaxial helical flank of the micro-drilling tool is formed. The equation F 1 of the coaxial helical flank in the micro-drill coordinate system O d -X d Y d Z d is:
Figure FDA0002413724310000011
Figure FDA0002413724310000011
 其中，Xt＝Xdcosβ-Ydsinβ，Yt＝Ydcosβ+Xdsinβ，B是钻尖中心Od和点D的距离，H是螺旋面的节距，θ是砂轮磨削面和螺旋坐标系OH-XHYHZH的ZH轴的夹角，φ为过渡坐标系Ot-XtYtZt的Zt轴和微钻坐标系的Zd轴的夹角，β为微钻坐标系的Zd轴与过渡坐标系Ot-XtYtZt的Xd轴的夹角；Among them, X t =X d cosβ-Y d sinβ, Y t =Y d cosβ+X d sinβ, B is the distance between the center O d of the drill tip and point D, H is the pitch of the helical surface, and θ is the grinding wheel grinding The angle between the surface and the Z H axis of the helical coordinate system O H -X H Y H Z H , φ is the Z t axis of the transition coordinate system O t -X t Y t Z t and the Z d axis of the micro-drill coordinate system. Angle, β is the angle between the Z d axis of the micro-drill coordinate system and the X d axis of the transition coordinate system O t -X t Y t Z t ; 其特征在于，It is characterized in that, 所述刃磨方法包括将后刀面二次曲面方程离散为微钻与砂轮之间接触线AN的直线方程，即螺旋运动发生线OHM在螺旋运动过程中任一位置的方程，通过平行于钻头轴线平面和垂直于钻头轴线平面内的运动来确保砂轮与刀具之间的相对螺旋运动，具体方法如下：The sharpening method includes discretizing the quadratic surface equation of the flank into a straight line equation of the contact line AN between the micro-drill and the grinding wheel, that is, the equation of the helical motion generating line O H M at any position in the helical motion process. The movement in the axis plane of the drill bit and the plane perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit ensures the relative helical movement between the grinding wheel and the tool. The specific methods are as follows: AN为螺旋运动过程中发生线的某一位置，N点位于后刀面F1和钻头外圆柱面的相交线L1上，在微钻坐标系OdXdYdZd中N点坐标可表示为：AN is a certain position of the line in the process of helical motion, and point N is located on the intersection line L1 of the flank F1 and the outer cylindrical surface of the drill bit, and the coordinates of point N in the micro-drill coordinate system O d X d Y d Z d can be expressed as: Nd(xd,yd,zd)＝(dcosαd/2,dsinαd/2,zd)＝(gx(αd),gy(αd),gz(αd))N d (x d , y d , z d )=(dcosα d /2,dsinα d /2,z d )=(g x (α d ),g y (α d ),g z (α d )) 其中，d为微钻直径，αd是OdN在钻头横截面的投影与Xd轴线的夹角，zd可通过后刀面方程F1(xd,yd,zd)＝0求解得到，Among them, d is the diameter of the micro-drill, α d is the angle between the projection of O d N on the cross section of the drill bit and the X d axis, z d can be obtained through the flank equation F 1 (x d , y d , z d )=0 Solve to get, 在螺旋坐标系OHXHYHZH中，发生线OHM绕ZH轴旋转角度αH到达直线AN位置，由此可得点A在OHXHYHZH坐标系中的表达式为：In the helical coordinate system O H X H Y H Z H , the generating line O H M rotates around the Z H axis by an angle α H to reach the position of the straight line AN. From this, the point A in the O H X H Y H Z H coordinate system can be obtained. The expression is: AH(xAH,yAH,zAH)＝(0,0,-HαH/2π)AH (x AH ,y AH ,z AH )＝(0,0, -HαH /2π ) 通过坐标转换关系式可以得到点A在微钻坐标系OdXdYdZd中的表达式为Through the coordinate conversion relationship, the expression of point A in the micro-drill coordinate system O d X d Y d Z d can be obtained as:
Figure FDA0002413724310000012
Figure FDA0002413724310000012
 N点在微钻坐标系OdXdYdZd中的坐标为Nd(xd,yd,zd)＝(dcosαd/2,dsinαd/2,zd)，通过坐标转换关系式，可以得到N点在OHXHYHZH坐标系中的表达式NH(xH,yH,zH)，由此，αH可以表示为：The coordinates of point N in the micro-drill coordinate system O d X d Y d Z d are N d (x d , y d , z d )=(dcosα d /2,dsinα d /2,z d ), through coordinate transformation Relational formula, the expression N H (x H , y H , z H ) of the N point in the O H X H Y H Z H coordinate system can be obtained, thus, α H can be expressed as: αH＝tan(yH/xH)＝f(αd)α H =tan(y H /x H )=f(α d ) 在微钻坐标系OdXdYdZd中，点A坐标为In the micro-drill coordinate system O d X d Y d Z d , the coordinates of point A are Ad(xAd,yAd,zAd)＝(px(f(αd)),py(f(αd)),pz(f(αd)))＝(fx(αd),fy(αd),fz(αd))Ad (x Ad , y Ad , z Ad )=(p x (f(α d )), p y (f(α d )), p z (f(α d )))=(f x (α d )) d ),f y (α d ),f z (α d )) 对于任意角度αd，发生线AN的方程是唯一确定的，因此后刀面二次曲面方程可以离散为一系列接触线的直线方程组，其方程可以表示为：For any angle α d , the equation of the occurrence line AN is uniquely determined, so the quadratic surface equation of the flank can be discretized into a series of straight line equations of the contact line, and its equation can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002413724310000021
Figure FDA0002413724310000021
 2.根据权利要求1所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于：所述微细钻削刀具采用碟形砂轮完成螺旋槽刃磨工序，采用平行砂轮外圆柱面完成后刀面刃磨工序。2 . The sharpening method according to claim 1 , wherein the micro-drilling tool adopts a dish-shaped grinding wheel to complete the spiral groove sharpening process, and the outer cylindrical surface of the parallel grinding wheel is used to complete the flank sharpening process. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于，所述微细钻削刀具装夹在A轴，在刃磨过程中共有四个运动，绕A轴和W轴的旋转运动以及沿U轴和Y轴的直线运动，砂轮有三个运动，沿Z轴和X轴的直线运动以及绕砂轮轴线的旋转运动。3. The sharpening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the micro-drilling tool is clamped on the A axis, and there are four movements in the sharpening process, the rotational movements around the A axis and the W axis As well as linear motion along the U and Y axes, the grinding wheel has three motions, linear motion along the Z and X axes and rotational motion around the axis of the grinding wheel. 4.根据权利要求3所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于，所述微细钻削刀具在后刀面刃磨过程中，首先U轴需要移动距离B将机床W轴旋转中心定在钻头D点，实现钻尖中心的精确定位；然后通过X、Y、Z、A、W的五轴联动实现微钻后刀面的精确数控刃磨，X、Y、Z、A、W各轴运动方程分别为：-LX-DW2/2-x，-LY+LW2+y，-LZ-z，αA，γ+π/2，其中，LX、LY、LZ为钻尖中心Od到机床原点O沿X、Y、Z轴的距离，Lw2为平行砂轮到机床原点O沿Z轴的距离，DW2为平行砂轮直径，在垂直于钻头轴线平面内，螺旋运动发生线OHM与接触线AN的夹角为αA；在平行于钻头轴线平面内，钻头轴线Zd轴与接触线AN之间的夹角为γ，
Figure FDA0002413724310000022
Figure FDA0002413724310000023
为点A到点Od的距离，
Figure FDA0002413724310000024
Figure FDA0002413724310000025
B为D到点Od的距离，zd为Nd的z坐标值，可通过后刀面F1求解得到，
Figure FDA0002413724310000026
为点D到点Q之间的距离。4. The sharpening method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the flank sharpening process of the micro-drilling tool, firstly the U-axis needs to move the distance B to set the W-axis rotation center of the machine tool at point D of the drill bit. , to achieve accurate positioning of the center of the drill tip; then through the five-axis linkage of X, Y, Z, A, W to achieve precise CNC sharpening of the micro-drill flank, the motion equations of each axis of X, Y, Z, A, and W are respectively is: -L X -D W2 /2-x, -L Y +L W2 +y, -L Z -z, α A , γ+π/2, where L X , L Y , and L Z are drill tips The distance from the center O d to the machine origin O along the X, Y and Z axes, L w2 is the distance from the parallel grinding wheel to the machine origin O along the Z axis, D W2 is the diameter of the parallel grinding wheel, in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit, the helical motion occurs The included angle between the line O H M and the contact line AN is α A ; in the plane parallel to the drill bit axis, the included angle between the drill bit axis Z d axis and the contact line AN is γ,
Figure FDA0002413724310000022
Figure FDA0002413724310000023
is the distance from point A to point O d ,
Figure FDA0002413724310000024
Figure FDA0002413724310000025
B is the distance from D to point O d , z d is the z coordinate value of N d , which can be obtained by solving the flank F 1 ,
Figure FDA0002413724310000026
is the distance from point D to point Q. 5.根据权利要求4所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于，所述微细钻削刀具在螺旋槽刃磨过程中，首先通过X、Y、Z和W轴移动旋转至螺旋槽磨削初始位置，然后U轴和A轴分别进行直线与旋转的插补运动，即A轴旋转角度
Figure FDA0002413724310000027
的同时U轴移动距离
Figure FDA0002413724310000028
其中d为微钻的直径，β0为螺旋槽的螺旋角，通过U轴和A轴的联合运动形成一个完整螺旋槽。5. The sharpening method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the process of sharpening the helical groove, the micro-drilling tool first rotates to the initial position of the helical groove grinding by moving the X, Y, Z and W axes , and then the U-axis and A-axis perform linear and rotational interpolation motions respectively, that is, the rotation angle of the A-axis
Figure FDA0002413724310000027
At the same time, the U-axis moving distance
Figure FDA0002413724310000028
Where d is the diameter of the micro-drill, β 0 is the helix angle of the helical groove, and a complete helical groove is formed by the joint motion of the U-axis and the A-axis. 6.根据权利要求5所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于：在磨削螺旋槽前W轴逆时针旋转角度λ，其中，λ＝β0+20°，β0为螺旋槽的螺旋角，Z轴移动距离z1以保证微细钻削刀具钻芯厚度的大小符合设计要求，z1＝LZ-DW1/2-t，2t为微细钻削刀具的钻芯厚度，X、Y轴移动距离分别为x1、y1，以保证钻尖中心与砂轮大端面中心重合，其中x1＝LX，y1＝LY-Lw1。6. The sharpening method according to claim 5, characterized in that: before grinding the helical groove, the W-axis rotates by an angle λ counterclockwise, wherein λ=β 0 +20°, and β 0 is the helix angle of the helical groove, The Z axis moves the distance z 1 to ensure that the thickness of the core of the micro drilling tool meets the design requirements, z 1 =L Z -D W1 /2-t, 2t is the thickness of the core of the micro drilling tool, and the X and Y axes move The distances are respectively x 1 and y 1 to ensure that the center of the drill tip coincides with the center of the large end face of the grinding wheel, where x 1 =L X , y 1 =L Y -L w1 . 7.根据权利要求1或2所述的刃磨方法，其特征在于：该刃磨方法可以实现后刀面五个磨削参数θ、β、φ、B和H的可控性，进而能够实现多种几何结构参数的非共轴螺旋面钻尖的磨削制备。7. The sharpening method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sharpening method can realize the controllability of five grinding parameters θ, β, φ, B and H of the flank, and then can realize Grinding preparation of non-coaxial helical drill tips with various geometrical parameters.
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