Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for decoding data, so as to reduce the error rate of data decoding during high-speed transmission and improve the processing capability of a receiving end when the data is transmitted at a high speed.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention discloses a method for decoding data, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a receiving end detects a data sending speed preset by a transmitting end before receiving data, and the receiving end is preset with a plurality of decoding control parameters matched with different data sending speeds;
determining a target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, and setting a receiving end;
and receiving data from the transmitting terminal, and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at a preset data transmitting speed.
Optionally, the decoding control parameter includes a clock data recovery control parameter, the target decoding control parameter includes a target clock data recovery control parameter, and decoding data according to the target decoding control parameter includes:
and recovering the clock of the transmitting end from the received data according to the target clock data recovery control parameter so as to control the accuracy of the recovered clock at the data transmitting speed.
Optionally, the decoding control parameters further include phase-locked loop control parameters, the target decoding control parameters further include target phase-locked loop control parameters, and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameters includes:
and generating at least one output clock required by a decoding process from a reference clock according to the target phase-locked loop control parameter so as to control the stability of each output clock generated at the data transmission speed.
Optionally, before the receiving data from the transmitting end and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameter, the method further includes:
under the first test signal swing amplitude of a transmitting end, if the first error rate test result is judged not to reach a set threshold value, the transmitting end is informed to be increased to a set signal swing amplitude corresponding to the first test signal swing amplitude;
acquiring the actual second test signal swing amplitude after the transmission end heightens the signal swing amplitude;
and under the second test signal swing amplitude of the transmitting end, judging that a second error rate test result reaches a set threshold, and informing the transmitting end of the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing amplitude so that the transmitting end can send data to a receiving end by taking the second test signal swing amplitude as an actual signal swing amplitude.
Optionally, before the receiving end detects a data sending speed preset by the transmitting end before receiving data, the method further includes:
controlling the transmitting terminal to transmit test data at various test data transmission speeds, wherein the various test data transmission speeds belong to different data transmission speed ranges;
acquiring an error rate test result of decoding test data under various different decoding control parameters;
and selecting a decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate for each data transmission speed range, and presetting the decoding control parameter matched with each data transmission speed range.
Optionally, the determining a target decoding control parameter matching the data transmission speed includes:
and determining a target decoding control parameter matched with the target data transmission speed range if the data transmission speed is judged to be in the target data transmission speed range.
Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a data decoding apparatus, including:
the speed detection module is used for detecting the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end before the receiving end receives data, and the receiving end is preset with a plurality of decoding control parameters matched with different data sending speeds;
the target parameter determining module is used for determining a target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters and setting a receiving end;
and the data decoding module is used for receiving the data from the transmitting terminal and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at a preset data transmitting speed.
Optionally, the decoding control parameter includes a clock data recovery control parameter, the target decoding control parameter includes a target clock data recovery control parameter, and the data decoding module includes:
and the clock recovery submodule is used for recovering the clock of the transmitting end from the received data according to the target clock data recovery control parameter so as to control the accuracy of the recovered clock at the data transmitting speed.
Optionally, the decoding control parameters further include phase-locked loop control parameters, the target decoding control parameters further include target phase-locked loop control parameters, and the data decoding module includes:
and the clock generation submodule is used for generating at least one output clock required by the decoding process from the reference clock according to the target phase-locked loop control parameter so as to control the stability of each output clock generated at the data transmission speed.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the amplitude rising informing module is used for informing the transmitting end of rising to a set signal amplitude corresponding to a first test signal amplitude when judging that a first error rate test result does not reach a set threshold value under the first test signal amplitude of the transmitting end before receiving data from the transmitting end and decoding the data according to a target decoding control parameter;
the amplitude obtaining module is used for obtaining the actual second test signal amplitude after the amplitude of the heightening signal of the transmitting end is adjusted;
and the second swing informing module is used for informing the transmitting end of the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing under the second test signal swing of the transmitting end when the second error rate test result reaches the set threshold, so that the transmitting end can send data to the receiving end by taking the second test signal swing as the actual signal swing.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end is detected by the receiving end before the receiving end receives the data, the target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed is determined from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, the receiving end is set, the data is received from the transmitting end, and the data is decoded according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at the preset data sending speed, so that the receiving end can be configured according to the decoding control parameter matched with the data transmission speed when the DP data is transmitted at a high speed, the error rate of data decoding at the high speed transmission is reduced, and the processing capacity of the receiving end is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart illustrating steps of a data decoding method according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, which may specifically include the following steps:
step 101, a receiving end detects a data sending speed preset by a transmitting end before receiving data.
DP may be used to transmit audio and video data simultaneously, and there may be 4 data channels between the transmitting end and the receiving end of DP, each of which may transmit data at a bit rate of 1.62, 2.7, or 5.4 Gbit/s. However, when the data transmission speed of the transmitting end is high, the error rate of decoding the data by the receiving end is increased, so that the transmitting end needs to retransmit the erroneous data, and the effective data transmission speed is reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, aiming at different data sending speeds of the transmitting terminal, the receiving terminal is preset with a plurality of decoding control parameters matched with the different data sending speeds. After receiving the data at the receiving end, the data is decoded according to a decoding control parameter, which affects the bit error rate when decoding the data, and the decoding control parameter may include various parameters for controlling the decoding process, such as a clock data recovery control parameter and a phase-locked loop control parameter. The decoding control parameter according to the DP protocol does not vary depending on the data transmission speed, and may specifically include any suitable decoding control parameter. And decoding the received data at different decoding control parameters at various data transmission speeds, and selecting the decoding control parameter with the lowest error rate as the decoding control parameter matched with the data transmission speed according to the decoding error rate to obtain a plurality of decoding control parameters corresponding to a plurality of data transmission speeds.
For example, the decoding control parameters include Clock Data Recovery control parameters, that is, CDR (Clock and Data Recovery) parameters, which are used by the receiving end to recover the embedded Clock from the received Data, so as to perform Data alignment according to the recovered Clock, then perform word alignment by using the reference Clock of the receiving end, and finally decode the Data, where the accuracy of the recovered Clock will affect the error rate of the final decoding. And under the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end, the error rate of decoding is different under different clock data recovery control parameters by the receiving end, so that a plurality of clock data recovery control parameters matched with the different data sending speeds can be preset by the receiving end. Under various data transmission speeds, the embedded clock is recovered from the data according to the matched clock data recovery control parameters, so that the accuracy of the recovered clock can be improved, and the error rate of decoding is reduced.
For example, the decoding control parameters include Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) parameters, which are used by the receiving end to generate at least one output clock required for the decoding process according to the reference clock, and the stability of each output clock will affect the error rate of the final decoding according to the at least one output clock to decode data. And under the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end, the error rate of decoding is different under different phase-locked loop control parameters of the receiving end, so that a plurality of phase-locked loop control parameters matched with the different data sending speeds can be preset by the receiving end. Under various data transmission speeds, each output clock is generated according to the phase-locked loop control parameters matched with the output clock, so that the stability of each generated output clock can be improved, and the error rate of decoding is reduced.
In this embodiment of the present invention, according to the DP protocol, parameter Configuration, for example, a clock Data recovery control parameter and a phase-locked loop control parameter, is completed at a receiving end, after each module is initialized, an HPD (hot plug signal detect) signal is set high to confirm that a hardware connection is normal, a transmitting end writes a preset Data transmission speed into DPCD (display port Configuration Data) information of the receiving end through an AUX channel in the DP protocol, and the transmitting end may preset any applicable Data transmission speed. The receiving end detects the data transmission speed of the transmitting end by reading DPCD information.
And 102, determining a target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, and setting a receiving end.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of decoding control parameters are preset correspondingly to a plurality of data sending speeds, the decoding control parameter matched with the detected data sending speed is determined as the target decoding control parameter, the receiving end is set, and the corresponding parameter is configured as the value of the target decoding control parameter.
And 103, receiving data from the transmitting terminal, and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at a preset data transmitting speed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting end starts to transmit data, the receiving end receives the data, and decodes the data according to the target decoding control parameter, for example, the target decoding control parameter may include a target clock data recovery control parameter, and the clock of the transmitting end is recovered from the received data according to the target clock data recovery control parameter, so as to control the accuracy of the recovered clock at the data transmission speed. The target clock data recovery control parameter is matched with the detected data transmission speed, so that the accuracy of the recovered clock can be improved, and the error rate of data decoding at the preset data transmission speed is reduced. The target decoding control parameters may further include target phase-locked loop control parameters, and the at least one output clock required for the decoding process is generated from the reference clock according to the target phase-locked loop control parameters to control stability of each output clock generated at the data transmission speed. Because the target phase-locked loop control parameter is matched with the detected data transmission speed, the stability of each generated output clock can be improved, and the error rate of data decoding at the preset data transmission speed is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end is detected by the receiving end before the receiving end receives the data, the target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed is determined from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, the receiving end is set, the data is received from the transmitting end, and the data is decoded according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at the preset data sending speed, so that the receiving end can be configured according to the decoding control parameter matched with the data transmission speed when the DP data is transmitted at a high speed, the error rate of data decoding at the high speed transmission is reduced, and the processing capacity of the receiving end is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, a flowchart illustrating steps of a data decoding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, which may specifically include the following steps:
step 201, controlling the transmitting terminal to transmit the test data at various test data transmission speeds.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of data transmission speed ranges are defined, and the transmitting end is controlled to transmit the test data at various test data transmission speeds, where the various test data transmission speeds belong to different data transmission speed ranges, and specifically, one or more test data transmission speeds may be selected within each data transmission speed range, which is not limited in the present invention.
Step 202, obtaining the error rate test result of the decoding test data under various different decoding control parameters.
In the embodiment of the invention, after receiving the test data, the receiving end continuously adjusts the decoding control parameters to decode the test data, obtains a plurality of decoding control parameters to decode the test data, and tests the error rate of decoding to obtain the error rate test result. And respectively obtaining the error rate test result of the decoding test data under a plurality of decoding control parameters aiming at various test data sending speeds.
And 203, selecting a decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate for each data transmission speed range, and presetting the decoding control parameter matched with each data transmission speed range.
In the embodiment of the invention, the decoding control parameters corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate are selected for each data transmission speed range according to various test data transmission speeds belonging to each data transmission speed range. And when only one test data transmission speed exists in the data transmission speed range, selecting a decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate according to each error rate test result at the test data transmission speed. And when a plurality of test data sending speeds exist in the data sending speed range, selecting a decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest average error rate according to each error rate test result under the plurality of test data sending speeds. And presetting the selected decoding control parameters as the decoding control parameters matched with each data transmission speed range.
Step 204, the receiving end detects the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end before receiving the data.
In the embodiment of the present invention, specific implementation may refer to relevant descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein.
Step 205, if the data transmission speed is determined to be within the target data transmission speed range from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, determining a target decoding control parameter matching the target data transmission speed range, and setting a receiving end.
In the embodiment of the invention, the data transmission speed is in the target data transmission speed range, a target decoding control parameter matched with the target data transmission speed range is determined from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, and the receiving end is set according to the target decoding control parameter.
And step 206, under the first test signal swing amplitude of the transmitting end, if the first bit error rate test result is judged not to reach the set threshold, the transmitting end is informed to be increased to the set signal swing amplitude corresponding to the first test signal swing amplitude.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the transmitting end transmits data to the receiving end, the testing is needed, if the signal swing of the transmitting end is not high enough, the error rate of decoding of the receiving end becomes high, and especially when the data is transmitted at high speed, the lower the signal swing, the lower the error rate of decoding. Therefore, the signal swing of the transmitting end can be adjusted during testing, so that the decoding error rate is improved.
In the testing stage, under the first test signal swing of the transmitting end, data transmission testing is performed from the transmitting end to the receiving end, the receiving end detects the error rate of data decoding to obtain a first error rate testing result, if the first error rate testing result does not reach a set threshold, the signal swing is not high enough, and the threshold is specifically set according to the error rate required in practice. The receiving end may notify the transmitting end to increase to the set signal swing corresponding to the first test signal swing, and specifically, the receiving end may record a determination result that the first bit error rate test result does not reach the set threshold in DPCD information, for example, a register corresponding to a specified register address 0x00202H/0x00203h, and then the transmitting end receives the set signal swing notification corresponding to the first test signal swing by reading the DPCD information of the receiving end.
The set signal swing corresponding to the first test signal swing is a signal swing higher than the first test signal swing, and since the signal swing of the transmitting end has 4 levels in the DP protocol, the level of the signal swing of the transmitting end can be improved to significantly reduce the error rate of decoding, if the first test signal swing belongs to the signal swing of the first level, the corresponding set signal swing may be any value higher than the lowest value of the signal swing of the second level, and if the first test signal swing belongs to the signal swing of the second level, the corresponding set signal swing may be any value higher than the lowest value of the signal swing of the third level, where the first level is lower than the signal swing of the second level, and the second level is lower than the signal swing of the third level.
And step 207, acquiring the actual second test signal swing after the transmission end heightens the signal swing.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after the signal swing is increased by the transmitting end, the receiving end needs to obtain the actual second test signal swing, for example, the receiving end may obtain the actual second test signal swing by receiving the value in the register corresponding to the register address 0x00206H/0x00207H specified by the transmitting end.
And 208, under the second test signal swing amplitude of the transmitting end, if the second error rate test result is judged to reach the set threshold, the transmitting end is informed of the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing amplitude so that the transmitting end can send data to the receiving end by taking the second test signal swing amplitude as the actual signal swing amplitude.
In the embodiment of the invention, under the second test signal swing of the transmitting end, data transmission test is carried out from the transmitting end to the receiving end, the receiving end detects the error rate of data decoding to obtain a second error rate test result, if the second error rate test result reaches a set threshold, the transmitting end is informed of the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing, for example, the receiving end writes the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing into a register corresponding to a specified register address 0x00202/0x00207 to be read by the transmitting end. The second test signal swing can enable the bit error rate to meet the set requirement, so that the transmitting end uses the second test signal swing as the actual signal swing to transmit data to the receiving end.
And step 209, receiving the data from the transmitting terminal, and decoding the data according to the target decoding control parameter to control the error rate of data decoding at the preset data sending speed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, specific implementation may refer to relevant descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the transmitting end is controlled to transmit test data at various test data transmission speeds belonging to different data transmission speed ranges, error rate test results of the decoded test data under various different decoding control parameters are obtained, the decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate is selected for each data transmission speed range, the decoding control parameter matched with each data transmission speed range is preset, the receiving end detects the data transmission speed preset by the transmitting end before receiving the data, if the data transmission speed is judged to be in the target data transmission speed range from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, the target decoding control parameter matched with the target data transmission speed range is determined, the receiving end is set, the data is received from the transmitting end, and the data is decoded according to the target decoding control parameter, the method controls the error rate of data decoding at the preset data sending speed, so that when the DP data is transmitted at a high speed, the receiving end can be configured according to the decoding control parameters matched with the data transmission speed, the error rate of data decoding during high-speed transmission is reduced, and the processing capacity of the receiving end is improved.
Further, by judging that the first bit error rate test result does not reach a set threshold value under the first test signal swing of the transmitting end, informing the transmitting end to increase to the set signal swing corresponding to the first test signal swing, acquiring the actual second test signal swing after the signal swing of the transmitting end is increased, judging that the second bit error rate test result reaches the set threshold value under the second test signal swing of the transmitting end, informing the transmitting end of the second bit error rate test result and the second test signal swing, so that the transmitting end sends data to the receiving end by taking the second test signal swing as the actual signal swing, when the DP data is transmitted at high speed, if the signal swing is not enough to cause the bit error rate to be increased, the signal swing is increased until the bit error rate of the decoded data is reduced to meet the requirement, and the bit error rate is reduced by increasing the signal swing, thereby improving the processing power of the receiving end.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required to implement the invention.
Referring to fig. 3, a block diagram of a data decoding apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown, and specifically includes the following modules:
a speed detection module 301, configured to detect a data sending speed preset by a transmitting end before a receiving end receives data, where the receiving end is preset with multiple decoding control parameters matching different data sending speeds;
a target parameter determining module 302, configured to determine a target decoding control parameter matching the data sending speed from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, and set a receiving end;
and the data decoding module 303 is configured to receive data from the transmitting end, and decode the data according to the target decoding control parameter, so as to control an error rate of data decoding at a preset data sending speed.
In this embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the decoding control parameter includes a clock data recovery control parameter, the target decoding control parameter includes a target clock data recovery control parameter, and the data decoding module includes:
and the clock recovery submodule is used for recovering the clock of the transmitting end from the received data according to the target clock data recovery control parameter so as to control the accuracy of the recovered clock at the data transmitting speed.
In this embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the decoding control parameters further include phase-locked loop control parameters, the target decoding control parameters further include target phase-locked loop control parameters, and the data decoding module includes:
and the clock generation submodule is used for generating at least one output clock required by the decoding process from the reference clock according to the target phase-locked loop control parameter so as to control the stability of each output clock generated at the data transmission speed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the apparatus further includes:
the amplitude rising informing module is used for informing the transmitting end of rising to a set signal amplitude corresponding to a first test signal amplitude when judging that a first error rate test result does not reach a set threshold value under the first test signal amplitude of the transmitting end before receiving data from the transmitting end and decoding the data according to a target decoding control parameter;
the amplitude obtaining module is used for obtaining the actual second test signal amplitude after the amplitude of the heightening signal of the transmitting end is adjusted;
and the second swing informing module is used for informing the transmitting end of the second error rate test result and the second test signal swing under the second test signal swing of the transmitting end when the second error rate test result reaches the set threshold, so that the transmitting end can send data to the receiving end by taking the second test signal swing as the actual signal swing.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the apparatus further includes:
the test speed control module is used for controlling the transmitting end to transmit test data at various test data transmission speeds before the receiving end detects the data transmission speed preset by the transmitting end before receiving the data, and the various test data transmission speeds belong to different data transmission speed ranges;
the test result acquisition module is used for acquiring the error rate test result of the decoding test data under various different decoding control parameters;
and the decoding control parameter acquisition module is used for selecting the decoding control parameter corresponding to the error rate test result with the lowest error rate for each data transmission speed range and presetting the decoding control parameter matched with each data transmission speed range.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the target parameter determining module includes:
and the parameter determining submodule is used for determining a target decoding control parameter matched with the target data transmission speed range if the data transmission speed is judged to be within the target data transmission speed range.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the data sending speed preset by the transmitting end is detected by the receiving end before the receiving end receives the data, the target decoding control parameter matched with the data sending speed is determined from a plurality of preset decoding control parameters, the receiving end is set, the data is received from the transmitting end, and the data is decoded according to the target decoding control parameter so as to control the error rate of data decoding at the preset data sending speed, so that the receiving end can be configured according to the decoding control parameter matched with the data transmission speed when the DP data is transmitted at a high speed, the error rate of data decoding at the high speed transmission is reduced, and the processing capacity of the receiving end is improved.
For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The foregoing describes in detail a data decoding method and a data decoding apparatus provided by the present invention, and specific examples are applied herein to explain the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions of the foregoing examples are only used to help understand the method and the core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.