CN108964755B - Optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring device, signal sending device and method and optical receiver - Google Patents

Optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring device, signal sending device and method and optical receiver Download PDF

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CN108964755B
CN108964755B CN201710347317.6A CN201710347317A CN108964755B CN 108964755 B CN108964755 B CN 108964755B CN 201710347317 A CN201710347317 A CN 201710347317A CN 108964755 B CN108964755 B CN 108964755B
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李慧慧
赵颖
陶振宁
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Fujitsu Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an optical signal to noise ratio monitoring device, a signal sending device and method and an optical receiver, wherein two frames of signals with different pilot signal power ratios of a first polarization state and a second polarization state are sent at a sending end, and white noise power of the first polarization state and white noise power of the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at a receiving end according to the pilot signal power ratios of the two different first polarization states and the second polarization states in the two frames of signals, so that the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state are respectively calculated, the influences of nonlinear noise and polarization-related loss can be eliminated, the optical signal to noise ratio can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.

Description

Optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring device, signal sending device and method and optical receiver
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring apparatus, a signal transmitting apparatus and method, and an optical receiver.
Background
Optical Signal Noise Ratio (OSNR) is a quantity directly related to system performance in a conventional direct Optical communication system or a coherent Optical communication system, and therefore research on an OSNR monitoring technology has been focused extensively.
Conventional measurement methods based on OSNR definition rely on the condition that the noise power spectrum is flat and that there is a band of frequencies in the spectrum that contain only noise and no signal. With the increase of the optical communication capacity, the transmission length and the transmission rate of the coherent optical communication system are greatly improved compared with the prior art. More optical nodes will result in more fluctuation in the spectral shape of the noise, and the assumption that the noise is spectrally uniformly distributed is more challenging. Meanwhile, since the channel interval is greatly reduced, finding a frequency band in which a signal can be ignored to measure the noise power becomes an unrealistic subject. Therefore, the measurement of OSNR in coherent optical communication systems becomes a new research hotspot.
In an actual communication system, in addition to the noise in the transmission link itself, noise due to nonlinear effects is also included, wherein the noise includes noise due to intra-channel nonlinear effects and noise due to inter-channel nonlinear effects. Noise introduced by inter-channel non-linear effects is a major factor limiting OSNR monitoring accuracy compared to noise introduced by intra-channel non-linear effects. The inter-channel nonlinear effect is also called Cross-phase Modulation (XPM), and the nonlinear noise caused by XPM can be divided into two categories, i.e. phase noise and polarization crosstalk.
In actual OSNR monitoring, if noise introduced due to inter-channel non-linear effects cannot be excluded, the estimated value of OSNR is low relative to the actual value. In order to mitigate the interference of the nonlinear noise to the OSNR estimation value, one existing method is to perform nonlinear compensation on the received signal at the receiving end. In addition, a method for monitoring the OSNR by calculating the white noise power according to the pilot signal power of different polarization states in the received signal has also appeared, which is based on the premise that the white noise power of different polarization states is the same and thus the OSNR is the same.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the sake of clarity and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor of the present invention finds that, when the above-mentioned existing nonlinear compensation method is utilized, since the nonlinear compensation algorithm needs a link inversion-based method to solve the nonlinear schrodinger equation, the operation is complicated and the application range is narrow. When the conventional method for calculating the white noise power according to the pilot signal power is used, since the white noise powers in different Polarization states are different due to Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) in an actual dual-Polarization optical communication system, the osnr in different Polarization states is different, and since the method does not consider the influence of the Polarization Dependent Loss, a large error is generated by using the method.
The embodiment of the invention provides an optical signal to noise ratio monitoring device, a signal sending device and method and an optical receiver, wherein two frames of signals with different pilot signal power ratios of a first polarization state and a second polarization state are sent at a sending end, and white noise power of the first polarization state and white noise power of the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at a receiving end according to the pilot signal power ratios of the two different first polarization states and the second polarization states in the two frames of signals, so that the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state are respectively calculated, the influences of nonlinear noise and polarization-related loss can be eliminated, the optical signal to noise ratio can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an osnr monitoring apparatus, the apparatus including: a determining unit, configured to determine a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in a first frame received signal and a second frame received signal according to positions of pilot signals of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal; a first calculating unit, configured to calculate noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the second frame received signal in the determined phase noise region and/or the determined polarization crosstalk region; a second calculation unit, configured to calculate white noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal, and noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and a pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, where the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal; and the third calculating unit is used for respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
According to a second aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a signal transmission apparatus, the apparatus including: a sending unit, configured to send signals including pilot signals in a first polarization state and a second polarization state of a first frame sending signal and a second frame sending signal, respectively, where a pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal is set to be different from a pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal, so as to calculate an optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at a receiving end.
According to a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an optical receiver comprising the apparatus according to the first aspect of embodiments of the present invention.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an optical transmitter comprising the apparatus according to the second aspect of embodiments of the present invention.
According to a fifth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an optical communication system comprising the optical receiver according to the third aspect of embodiments of the present invention and the optical transmitter according to the fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention.
According to a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring method, the method including: determining a phase noise area and/or a polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power in a first frame receiving signal and a second frame receiving signal according to the positions of pilot signals of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal; calculating the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal in the determined phase noise area and/or the determined polarization crosstalk area; calculating the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal, wherein the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal; and respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
According to a seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a signal transmission method, the method including: the method comprises the steps of respectively sending signals comprising pilot signals on a first polarization state and a second polarization state of a first frame sending signal and a second frame sending signal, wherein the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state is calculated at a receiving end.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of sending two frames of signals with different pilot signal power ratios of a first polarization state and a second polarization state at a transmitting end, and calculating white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state respectively at a receiving end according to the pilot signal power ratios of the two different first polarization states and the second polarization states in the two frames of signals, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state are calculated respectively, the influences of nonlinear noise and polarization-related loss can be eliminated, the optical signal-to-noise ratios can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission apparatus of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first frame transmission signal and a second frame transmission signal of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a pilot signal of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an OSNR monitoring apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a first frame received signal according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of a second frame received signal according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a determination unit 401 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second calculation unit 403 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical transmitter of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a system configuration of an optical transmitter of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optical receiver of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a system configuration of an optical receiver of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication system of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission method of embodiment 6 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the osnr monitoring method according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing different elements by name, but do not denote a spatial arrangement, a temporal order, or the like of the elements, and the elements should not be limited by the terms. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, refer to the presence of stated features, elements, components, and do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and elements.
In embodiments of the invention, the singular forms "a", "an", and the like include the plural forms and are to be construed broadly as "a" or "an" and not limited to the meaning of "a" or "an"; furthermore, the term "comprising" should be understood to include both the singular and the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Further, the term "according to" should be understood as "at least partially according to … …," and the term "based on" should be understood as "based at least partially on … …," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The foregoing and other features of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description and drawings, particular embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in detail as being indicative of some of the embodiments in which the principles of the invention may be employed, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, variations, and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a signal sending device which can be used for a transmitting end of an optical communication system. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus 100 includes:
a transmitting unit 101 for transmitting signals including pilot signals in first and second polarization states of a first frame transmission signal and a second frame transmission signal, respectively;
the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal is set to be different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be calculated at a receiving end.
In the present embodiment, the signal transmission apparatus 100 is used in a dual-polarization optical communication system, for example, the first polarization state is an H-polarization state, and the second polarization state is a V-polarization state.
In this embodiment, the transmitting unit 101 may transmit a multi-frame transmission signal including a first frame transmission signal and a second frame transmission signal, where the first frame transmission signal and the second frame transmission signal may be continuous or discontinuous in time.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first frame transmission signal and a second frame transmission signal in embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the first frame transmission signal S1 and the second frame transmission signal S2 each include a pilot signal, denoted as P1 and P2, respectively. In the present embodiment, the timing positions of P1 and P2 in the respective frames may be set to be the same or different.
In the present embodiment, the transmission unit 101 transmits signals including pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state, respectively, for example, the transmission unit 101 transmits pilot signals in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the first frame transmission signal S1, respectively, and transmits pilot signals in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the second frame transmission signal S2, respectively.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a pilot signal according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the pilot signal P1 in the first frame transmission signal includes PH1 transmitted in the H polarization state and PV1 transmitted in the V polarization state, and the pilot signal P2 in the second frame transmission signal includes PH2 transmitted in the H polarization state and PV2 transmitted in the V polarization state.
In this embodiment, the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame transmission signal is set to be different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame transmission signal, so as to calculate the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at the receiving end.
As shown in fig. 3, the power ratio of PH1 and PV1 is different from the power ratio of PH2 and PV2, and the specific power ratio may be set according to actual needs. For example, two power ratios may be set to two values that are far apart, e.g., a power ratio of 4 for PH1 and PV1, and a power ratio of 1/4 for PH2 and PV 2.
In this embodiment, the frequencies of the pilot signals in the two polarization states of the first frame transmission signal and the frequencies of the pilot signals in the two polarization states of the second frame transmission signal may be the same or different.
In this embodiment, the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame transmission signal is set to be different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame transmission signal, so as to be used for calculating the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at the receiving end, and a specific calculation method will be described in detail in embodiment 2.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention also provides an optical signal to noise ratio monitoring device which can be used for a receiving end of an optical communication system. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an osnr monitoring apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus 400 includes:
a determining unit 401, configured to determine a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal according to positions of pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
a first calculating unit 402, configured to calculate noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal in the determined phase noise region and/or polarization crosstalk region;
a second calculating unit 403, configured to calculate white noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal, and noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and a pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, where the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal;
and a third calculating unit 404, configured to calculate optical signal-to-noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal correspond to the first frame transmitted signal and the second frame transmitted signal in embodiment 1. The first frame reception signal and the second frame reception signal corresponding to the transmission signal may be continuous in time or discontinuous in time.
In this embodiment, the determining unit 401 is configured to determine a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal according to the positions of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal.
In this embodiment, the position of the pilot signal may be determined by extracting the pilot signal through a band pass filter, for example. In a communication system, for a pilot signal in the H polarization state, the spectrum of phase noise is concentrated around the frequency of the pilot signal, and the range of the spectrum of the phase noise is relatively concentrated in the several GHz range due to the low-pass filtering effect of XPM. Unlike intra-channel nonlinear noise and inter-channel phase noise, polarization crosstalk occurs near the frequency to which the pilot signal of the orthogonal polarization state corresponds, i.e., near the frequency of the pilot signal in the V polarization state.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first frame received signal according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second frame received signal according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in the first frame reception signal, for the H polarization state, the phase noise is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PH1 in the H polarization state, the polarization crosstalk is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PV1 in the V polarization state, for the V polarization state, the phase noise is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PV1 in the V polarization state, and the polarization crosstalk is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PH1 in the H polarization state; in the second frame reception signal, for the H polarization state, the phase noise is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state, the polarization crosstalk is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state, for the V polarization state, the phase noise is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state, and the polarization crosstalk is located near the frequency of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state.
In this embodiment, the determining unit 401 determines, according to the position of each pilot signal, a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, where the phase noise region and/or the polarization crosstalk region includes at least one frequency point in a frequency domain. In this embodiment, the area including a plurality of frequency points will be described as an example.
The structure of the determination unit 401 and a method of determining the phase noise region and/or the polarization crosstalk region are exemplarily described below.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a determination unit 401 of embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the determination unit 401 includes:
a first determining unit 701, configured to determine, as a first phase noise region for calculating noise power of the first polarization state, a region in a predetermined range from a frequency at which a pilot signal of the first polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, and determine, as a second phase noise region for calculating noise power of the second polarization state, a region in a predetermined range from a frequency at which a pilot signal of the second polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal; and/or
A second determining unit 702, configured to determine, as a first polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of the first polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where the pilot signal of the second polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, and determine, as a second polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of the second polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where the pilot signal of the first polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal.
In the present embodiment, the predetermined range may be set according to actual conditions, for example, may be set according to the frequency width of the phase noise and the polarization crosstalk.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the first determining unit 701 determines the first phase noise regions a1 and a2 according to the frequencies of PH1 and PH2, and determines the second phase noise regions B1 and B2 according to the frequencies of PV1 and PV 2; the second determining unit 702 determines the first polarization crosstalk areas C1 and C2 according to the frequencies at which PV1 and PV2 are located, and determines the second polarization crosstalk areas D1 and D2 according to the frequencies at which PH1 and PH2 are located.
In this embodiment, the determining unit 401 may include the first determining unit 701 and/or the second determining unit 702, that is, the determining unit 401 may determine the phase noise regions a1, a2, B1, B2, and the polarization crosstalk regions C1, C2, D1, D2 at the same time for the first calculating unit 402, the second calculating unit 403, and the third calculating unit 404 to calculate, may determine only the phase noise regions a1, a2, B1, B2, or determine only the polarization crosstalk regions C1, C2, D1, D2 for the first calculating unit 402, the second calculating unit 403, and the third calculating unit 404 to calculate.
In this embodiment, the first calculating unit 402 is configured to calculate noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal in the determined phase noise region and/or polarization crosstalk region.
In this embodiment, the first calculating unit 402 may calculate the noise power in the phase noise region and/or the polarization crosstalk region using an existing method, for example, the noise power spectral density of the received signal in the phase noise region and/or the polarization crosstalk region may be multiplied by the spectral width to obtain the noise power.
In the present embodiment, the noise powers calculated by the first calculation unit 402 can be represented by the following expressions (1) to (4), respectively:
NH＝NNL_H+NASE1 (1)
NV＝NNL_V+NASE2 (2)
NH’＝NNL_H’+NASE1 (3)
NV’＝NNL_V’+NASE2 (4)
wherein N isHAnd NVNoise powers respectively representing the H-polarization state and the V-polarization state of the received signal of the first frame, i.e. the total noise power, NNL_HAnd NNL_VNonlinear noise power, N, representing respectively the H and V polarization states of the received signal of the first frameH' and NV' noise powers representing the H-polarization state and the V-polarization state of the second frame reception signal, respectively, i.e., total noise power，NNL_H' and NNL_V' nonlinear noise powers, N, representing H and V polarization states, respectively, of the second frame reception signalASE1White noise power, N, representing H polarization states of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signalASE2White noise power representing the V polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal. That is, the white noise power of the same polarization state of the received signals of different frames is the same, and the white noise power of different polarization states of the received signals of the same frame is different due to the influence of the polarization dependent loss.
When only the phase noise region is determined for calculation, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the determined phase noise regions are a1, a2, B1, B2, and in these regions, the nonlinear noise power is the phase noise power. Since the phase noise power is proportional to the signal power in the local polarization state of the local channel, the nonlinear noise power in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the first frame received signal and the nonlinear noise power in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the second frame received signal can be expressed by the following equations (5) and (6):
Figure BDA0001296799630000101
Figure BDA0001296799630000102
wherein N isNL_HAnd NNL_VNonlinear noise power, N, representing respectively the H and V polarization states of the received signal of the first frameNL_H' and NNL_V' nonlinear noise powers, P, representing H and V polarization states, respectively, of the second frame reception signalH1And PV1Respectively represents the power, P, of the pilot signal PH1 in the H-polarization state and the pilot signal PV1 in the V-polarization state of the first frame received signalH2And PV2Respectively, the powers of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state and the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state of the second frame reception signal.
Substituting the above equations (1) to (4) into the above equations (5) and (6), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0001296799630000103
Figure BDA0001296799630000104
wherein N isHAnd NVNoise power, N, representing respectively the H and V polarization states of the received signal of the first frameH' and NV' noise power, N, representing H and V polarization states, respectively, of the second frame reception signalASE1White noise power, N, representing H polarization states of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signalASE2White noise power, P, representing V polarization state of first and second frame received signalsH1And PV1Respectively represents the power, P, of the pilot signal PH1 in the H-polarization state and the pilot signal PV1 in the V-polarization state of the first frame received signalH2And PV2Respectively, the powers of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state and the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state of the second frame reception signal.
In this embodiment, NH、NV、NH’、NV' has been calculated by the first calculation unit 402, and
Figure BDA0001296799630000105
and
Figure BDA0001296799630000106
it is known, for example, as described in example 1,
Figure BDA0001296799630000107
thus, the white noise power N of the H polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal can be calculated from the above equations (7) and (8)ASE1And white noise power N of V polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signalASE2。
The above is an explanation of the calculation method when only the phase noise region is determined for calculation, and when only the polarization crosstalk region is determined for calculation, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the determined polarization crosstalk regions are C1, C2, D1, D2, and among these regions, the nonlinear noise power is the polarization crosstalk power. Since the polarization crosstalk power is proportional to the signal power in the orthogonal polarization state of the local channel, the nonlinear noise power in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the first frame received signal and the nonlinear noise power in the H polarization state and the V polarization state of the second frame received signal can be expressed by the following equations (9) and (10):
Figure BDA0001296799630000111
Figure BDA0001296799630000112
wherein N isNL_HAnd NNL_VNonlinear noise power, N, representing respectively the H and V polarization states of the received signal of the first frameNL_H' and NNL_V' nonlinear noise powers, P, representing H and V polarization states, respectively, of the second frame reception signalH1And PV1Respectively represents the power, P, of the pilot signal PH1 in the H-polarization state and the pilot signal PV1 in the V-polarization state of the first frame received signalH2And PV2Respectively, the powers of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state and the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state of the second frame reception signal.
Substituting the above equations (1) to (4) into the above equations (9) and (10), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0001296799630000113
Figure BDA0001296799630000114
wherein N isHAnd NVNoise power, N, representing respectively the H and V polarization states of the received signal of the first frameH' and MV' noise power, N, representing H and V polarization states, respectively, of the second frame reception signalASE1White noise power, N, representing H polarization states of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signalASE2White noise power, P, representing V polarization state of first and second frame received signalsH1And PV1Respectively represents the power, P, of the pilot signal PH1 in the H-polarization state and the pilot signal PV1 in the V-polarization state of the first frame received signalH2And PV2Respectively, the powers of the pilot signal PH2 in the H polarization state and the pilot signal PV2 in the V polarization state of the second frame reception signal.
In this way, the white noise power N of the H polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal can be calculated from the above equations (11) and (12)ASE1And white noise power N of V polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signalASE2。
According to the method described above, the white noise power at a certain frequency point in the region is calculated, and when the phase noise region and/or the polarization crosstalk region determined by the determining unit 401 includes a plurality of frequency points, the second calculating unit 403 may calculate the white noise power at each frequency point respectively. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second calculation unit 403 of embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the second calculation unit 403 includes:
a fourth calculating unit 801, configured to calculate white noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the determined phase noise region and/or polarization crosstalk region according to the noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the noise powers of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
a fifth calculating unit 802, configured to calculate an average value of white noise in the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area, and use the average value as white noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
In this way, the average of the white noise powers at the respective frequency points is used as the white noise power for calculating the osnr, so that the monitoring accuracy of the osnr can be further improved.
In this embodiment, when determining both the phase noise area and the polarization crosstalk area for calculating the noise power, the calculation may be performed according to the above method, to obtain the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state calculated according to the phase noise area and the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state calculated according to the polarization crosstalk area, and then the average of the calculation results of the two is used as the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state for the third calculation unit 404 to calculate the optical signal-to-noise ratio.
In this way, the average of the white noise powers calculated according to the two regions is used as the white noise power for calculating the osnr, so that the monitoring accuracy of the osnr can be further improved.
In this embodiment, the third calculating unit 404 calculates the osnr of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state. Here, the osnr can be calculated using various methods, for example, the osnr of the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be calculated using the following equations (13) and (14):
OSNRH＝10*log10(SH/nH)-10*log10(12.5e9/Bandwidth) (13)
OSNRV＝10*log10(SV/nV)-10*log10(12.5e9/Bandwidth) (14)
wherein, OSNRHOptical signal to noise ratio, OSNR, representing the H polarization stateVOptical signal-to-noise ratio, S, representing the V polarization stateHSignal power, S, representing the H polarization stateVSignal power, n, representing the V polarization stateHWhite noise power, n, representing the H polarization stateVThe white noise power representing the V polarization state,bandwidth represents the signal Bandwidth, and 12.5e9 represents the value adopted for considering the noise power in the frequency Bandwidth of 12.5GHz in OSNR calculation, but the value of 12.5e9 can be adjusted according to the specific frequency Bandwidth.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 3
An optical transmitter is further provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical transmitter in embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the optical transmitter 900 includes a signal sending device 901, and the structure and function of the signal sending device 901 are the same as those described in embodiment 1, and are not described again here.
Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of an optical transmitter of embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 10, the transmitter 1000 includes: a signal transmitting unit 1001, a digital-to-analog converter 1002, and an optical modulator 1003, wherein:
a signal transmitting unit 1001 that transmits a signal including a pilot signal in the manner described in embodiment 1 based on the generated digital signal so that a pilot signal power ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame transmission signal is set to be different from a pilot signal power ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the second frame transmission signal for calculating an optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at a receiving end; the digital-to-analog converter 1002 performs digital-to-analog conversion on the digital signal; the optical modulator 1003 modulates light using the signal converted by the digital-to-analog converter 1002 as a modulation signal.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 4
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical receiver, and fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optical receiver according to embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, the optical receiver 1100 includes an osnr monitoring apparatus 1101, and the structure and function of the osnr monitoring apparatus 1101 are the same as those described in embodiment 2, and are not described herein again.
Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of the system configuration of the optical receiver of embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 12, the optical receiver 1200 includes:
the front end functions to convert an input optical signal into a baseband signal in two polarization states, which may include an H polarization state and a V polarization state in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 12, the front end includes: a local oscillator laser 1210, an Optical mixer (Optical 90deg hybrid)1201, photodetectors (O/E)1202, 1204, 1206 and 1208, analog-to-digital converters (ADC)1203, 1205, 1207 and 1209, a dispersion compensator 1211, an equalizer 1212 and an osnr monitoring apparatus 1213, wherein the structure and function of the osnr monitoring apparatus 1213 are the same as those described in embodiment 2, and are not described herein again; the local oscillator laser 1210 is used to provide a local Optical source, and the Optical signal is converted into a baseband signal in one polarization state by an Optical mixer (Optical 90deg hybrid)1201, photodetectors (O/E)1202 and 1204, and analog-to-digital converters (ADC)1203 and 1205; the Optical signal is converted into a baseband signal in another polarization state by an Optical mixer (Optical 90deg hybrid)1201, photodetectors (O/E)1206 and 1208, and analog-to-digital converters (ADC)1207 and 1209; the specific process is similar to the prior art and is not described herein again.
In addition, if the frequency difference and the phase noise have an influence on the estimation of the snr, a frequency difference compensator and a phase noise compensator (not shown) may also be included in the optical receiver 1200.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention also provides an optical communication system. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication system of embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 13, a communication system 1300 includes an optical transmitter 1301, an optical fiber transmission link 1302, and an optical receiver 1303, where the structure and function of the optical transmitter 1301 are the same as those described in embodiment 3, and the structure and function of the optical receiver 1303 are the same as those described in embodiment 4, and are not described herein again. The optical fiber transmission link 1302 can be implemented using existing optical fiber transmission link configurations.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 6
The embodiment of the invention also provides a signal sending method, which corresponds to the signal sending device in the embodiment 1. Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission method according to embodiment 6 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 14, the method includes:
step 1401: transmitting signals including pilot signals on first and second polarization states of the first and second frame transmission signals, respectively,
the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal is set to be different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be calculated at a receiving end.
In this embodiment, the method for sending the signal in step 1401 is the same as that described in embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
Example 7
The embodiment of the invention also provides an optical signal to noise ratio monitoring method, which corresponds to the optical signal to noise ratio monitoring device in the embodiment 2. Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the osnr monitoring method according to embodiment 7 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 15, the method includes:
step 1501: determining a phase noise area and/or a polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power in the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal according to the positions of the pilot signals of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal;
step 1502: calculating the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal in the determined phase noise area and/or polarization crosstalk area;
step 1503: calculating the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal, the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal, wherein the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal;
step 1504: and respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
In this embodiment, the specific method for implementing the above steps is the same as that described in embodiment 2, and is not described herein again.
It can be known from the above embodiments that two frame signals with different power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state are sent at the transmitting end, and the white noise powers in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated at the receiving end according to the power ratios of the pilot signals in the first polarization state and the second polarization state in the two frame signals, so that the osnr in the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be respectively calculated, the nonlinear noise and the polarization dependent loss can be eliminated, the osnr can be accurately monitored, the calculation process is simple, and the application range is wide.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable program, wherein when the program is executed in a signal transmission apparatus or an optical transmitter, the program causes a computer to execute the signal transmission method described in embodiment 6 in the signal transmission apparatus or the transmitter.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable program, where when the program is executed in an optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring apparatus or an optical receiver, the program causes a computer to execute the optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring method described in embodiment 7 in the optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring apparatus or the optical receiver.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer-readable program, where the computer-readable program enables a computer to execute the signal transmission method described in embodiment 6 in a signal transmission device or an optical transmitter.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, where the computer readable program enables a computer to execute the osnr monitoring method described in embodiment 7 in an osnr monitoring apparatus or an optical receiver.
The osnr monitoring method performed in the osnr monitoring apparatus or the optical receiver described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. For example, one or more of the functional block diagrams and/or one or more combinations of the functional block diagrams illustrated in fig. 4 may correspond to individual software modules of a computer program flow or may correspond to individual hardware modules. These software modules may correspond to the steps shown in fig. 15, respectively. These hardware modules may be implemented, for example, by solidifying these software modules using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. A storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium; or the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The software module may be stored in the memory of the mobile terminal or in a memory card that is insertable into the mobile terminal. For example, if the apparatus (e.g., mobile terminal) employs a relatively large capacity MEGA-SIM card or a large capacity flash memory device, the software module may be stored in the MEGA-SIM card or the large capacity flash memory device.
One or more of the functional block diagrams and/or one or more combinations of the functional block diagrams described with respect to fig. 4 may be implemented as a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. One or more of the functional block diagrams and/or one or more combinations of the functional block diagrams described with respect to fig. 4 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP communication, or any other such configuration.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these descriptions are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art based upon the spirit and principles of this invention, and such modifications and alterations are also within the scope of this invention.
With respect to the embodiments including the above embodiments, the following remarks are also disclosed:
supplementary note 1, an optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in a first frame received signal and a second frame received signal according to positions of pilot signals of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
a first calculating unit, configured to calculate noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the second frame received signal in the determined phase noise region and/or the determined polarization crosstalk region;
a second calculation unit, configured to calculate white noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal, and noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and a pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, where the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal;
and the third calculating unit is used for respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
Supplementary note 2, the apparatus according to supplementary note 1, wherein the first frame reception signal and the second frame reception signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.
Note 3 of the present invention, the apparatus according to note 1, wherein the determination unit includes:
a first determining unit, configured to determine, as a first phase noise region for calculating noise power of a first polarization state, a region in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal that is within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal of the first polarization state, and determine, as a second phase noise region for calculating noise power of a second polarization state, a region in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal that is within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal of the second polarization state; and/or
A second determining unit, configured to determine, as a first polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of a first polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where a pilot signal of a second polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, and determine, as a second polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of a second polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where a pilot signal of a first polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal.
Supplementary note 4, the apparatus according to supplementary note 1, wherein the second calculation unit includes:
a fourth calculating unit, configured to calculate white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area according to the determined noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
and the fifth calculating unit is used for calculating the average value of the white noise of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area, and taking the average value as the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
Note 5 that a signal transmission device includes:
a transmitting unit for transmitting signals including pilot signals in first and second polarization states of the first and second frame transmission signals, respectively,
the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal are set to be different, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be calculated at a receiving end.
Supplementary note 6, and the apparatus according to supplementary note 5, wherein the first frame transmission signal and the second frame transmission signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.
Supplementary note 7, an optical receiver comprising the apparatus according to supplementary note 1.
Supplementary note 8, an optical transmitter comprising the apparatus according to supplementary note 5.
Supplementary note 9, an optical communication system comprising the optical receiver according to supplementary note 7 and the optical transmitter according to supplementary note 8.
Supplementary note 10, an optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring method, the method comprising:
determining a phase noise area and/or a polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power in a first frame receiving signal and a second frame receiving signal according to the positions of pilot signals of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal;
calculating the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal in the determined phase noise area and/or the determined polarization crosstalk area;
calculating the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal, wherein the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal;
and respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
Supplementary note 11, the method according to supplementary note 10, wherein the first frame reception signal and the second frame reception signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.
Supplementary note 12, the method according to supplementary note 10, wherein the determining of the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area for calculating the noise power in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal according to the positions of the pilot signals of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal comprises:
determining a region, within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal in a first polarization state, in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, as a first phase noise region for calculating a noise power in the first polarization state, and determining a region, within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal in a second polarization state, in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, as a second phase noise region for calculating a noise power in the second polarization state; and/or
Determining an area in a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal in a second polarization state in the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal to be a first polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power in a first polarization state, and determining an area in a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal in a first polarization state in the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal to be a second polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power in a second polarization state.
Supplementary note 13, the method according to supplementary note 10, wherein the calculating of the white noise power of the first and second polarization states from the noise power of the first and second polarization states of the first frame received signal and the noise power of the first and second polarization states of the second frame received signal, and the pilot signal power ratio of the first and second polarization states of the first and second frame received signals, comprises:
calculating the determined white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area according to the determined noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame receiving signal, and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame receiving signal and the second frame receiving signal;
and calculating the average value of the white noise of the first polarization state and the white noise of the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area, and taking the average value as the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
Supplementary note 14, a signal transmission method, the method comprising:
transmitting signals including pilot signals on first and second polarization states of the first and second frame transmission signals, respectively,
the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame sending signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame sending signal are set to be different, so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state can be calculated at a receiving end.
Supplementary note 15, the method according to supplementary note 14, wherein the first frame transmission signal and the second frame transmission signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.

Claims (7)

1. An optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine a phase noise region and/or a polarization crosstalk region for calculating noise power in a first frame received signal and a second frame received signal according to positions of pilot signals of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
a first calculating unit, configured to calculate noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the first frame received signal and noise powers of a first polarization state and a second polarization state of the second frame received signal in the determined phase noise region and/or the determined polarization crosstalk region;
a second calculation unit, configured to calculate white noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal, and noise power in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and a pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, where the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal is different from the pilot signal power ratio in the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal;
and the third calculating unit is used for respectively calculating the optical signal to noise ratios of the first polarization state and the second polarization state according to the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determining unit comprises:
a first determining unit, configured to determine, as a first phase noise region for calculating noise power of a first polarization state, a region in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal that is within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal of the first polarization state, and determine, as a second phase noise region for calculating noise power of a second polarization state, a region in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal that is within a predetermined range of a frequency distance from a pilot signal of the second polarization state; and/or
A second determining unit, configured to determine, as a first polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of a first polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where a pilot signal of a second polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal, and determine, as a second polarization crosstalk area for calculating noise power of a second polarization state, an area in a predetermined range from a frequency where a pilot signal of a first polarization state is located in the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second computing unit comprises:
a fourth calculating unit, configured to calculate white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area according to the determined noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame received signal, and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame received signal and the second frame received signal;
and the fifth calculating unit is used for calculating the average value of the white noise of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at each frequency point in the phase noise area and/or the polarization crosstalk area, and taking the average value as the white noise power of the first polarization state and the second polarization state.
5. A signal transmission apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a transmitting unit for transmitting signals including pilot signals in first and second polarization states of the first and second frame transmission signals, respectively,
wherein the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the first frame transmission signal and the pilot signal power ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state of the second frame transmission signal are set to be different for calculating the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the first polarization state and the second polarization state at the receiving end based on the apparatus of claim 1.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first frame transmission signal and the second frame transmission signal are continuous or discontinuous in time.
7. An optical receiver comprising the apparatus of claim 1.
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