CN108959795A - A kind of test site loading spectrum standardized method - Google Patents
A kind of test site loading spectrum standardized method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108959795A CN108959795A CN201810776939.5A CN201810776939A CN108959795A CN 108959795 A CN108959795 A CN 108959795A CN 201810776939 A CN201810776939 A CN 201810776939A CN 108959795 A CN108959795 A CN 108959795A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of test site loading spectrum standardized method, based on vehicle under test Field specification and its similitude of each components load distribution, carries out rainflow ranges counting processing to real load time history data first；Next is modeled and is carried out parameter Estimation to the practical journey frequency data that become using at least two distributed models, and selection always damages closest theory with reality and damages corresponding probability density function always as optimal distribution function；It is again based on static vertical load and standardization processing is carried out to real load time history data, while amplitude analysis and rainflow ranges counting processing are carried out to relative load time history data；Finally parameter Estimation is carried out to obtain test site standard load spectrum to opposite change journey normalized and to Optimal Distribution function, the test site standard load spectrum can reliability to Pre-Evaluation motor vehicles and its components and durability evaluate, so as to shorten the development cycle, a possibility that disposably passing through vehicle road test is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reliability analysis technology fields of motor vehicles, and in particular to a kind of test site load standardization side
Method.
Background technique
Reliability and durability are the basic guarantees of motor vehicle safety operation, and guarantee the necessary item of conevying efficiency
Part.In motor vehicles operational process, the unexpected fatigue failure of key components and parts will cause the road traffic accident of car crash.Vapour
Vehicle test site is responsible for the test and evaluation of vehicle complete vehicle product reliability.
Examination vehicle, each subsystem and part reliability and durability when bench test based on test site loading spectrum
One of main path.But since loading spectrum must could actual acquisition after the completion of sample car, it is difficult in initial stage of development to production
Product carry out reliability and durability is verified.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that for the above-mentioned prior art or deficiency, the present invention is based on different automobile types, difference under same test Field specification
Counterweight adjust vehicle and its each components load distribution similitude, by previous motor vehicles in the case where testing Field specification
Real load time history data handled and obtained test site standard load spectrum, by the test site standard load spectrum come
Motor vehicles to be evaluated and its subsystem, the reliability of components and durability are evaluated, so as to shorten the development cycle, are mentioned
High a possibility that disposably passing through vehicle road test.It is an object of the invention to be to provide a kind of test site loading spectrum standardization
Method.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of test site loading spectrum standardized method, for the reality to motor vehicles in the case where testing Field specification
Border load history data are handled to obtain test site standard load spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 acquires real load time history data；
Step 2 carries out rainflow ranges counting to real load time history data and handles to obtain practical change Cheng Pin number
According to, the practical change journey frequency data include it is multistage it is practical become journey and the practical frequency corresponding with the practical change journey, and according to this
The practical frequency finds out practical global cycle number；
It is corresponding practical tired to find out every grade of practical change journey according to the S-N Curve expression formula of motor vehicles for step 3
Service life, and every grade of reality is acquired according to the practical fatigue life and the practical frequency and becomes the corresponding actual damage of journey and reality always
Damage；
Step 4 models the practical journey frequency data that become using at least two distributed models, and utilizes maximum likelihood
The estimation technique finds out the estimates of parameters of the corresponding probability density function of every kind of distributed model；
Step 5 finds out every grade of practical change journey corresponding theory frequency in every kind of distributed model according to estimates of parameters,
And the corresponding theoretical global cycle number of every kind of distributed model, the corresponding theoretical damage of every grade of reality change journey are found out according to the theory frequency
Wound and the corresponding theoretical total damage of every kind of distributed model；
Step 6 is chosen and the practical probability density letter for always damaging closest theory and always damaging corresponding distributed model
Number is Optimal Distribution function；
Step 7 standardizes real load time history data on the basis of the static vertical load value of motor vehicles
Change handles to obtain relative load time history data, carries out amplitude analysis to the relative load time history data and obtains maximum phase
To loading coefficient and minimum relative load coefficient, and rainflow ranges counting is carried out to relative load time history data and is handled
To multistage opposite change journey, the corresponding relative frequency of change journey opposite with this and maximum opposite change journey；
Step 8 is normalized opposite change journey to obtain normalized opposite change journey with the maximum opposite journey that becomes, should
The normalized opposite journey that becomes is in the value interval of [0,1]；
Step 9, according to normalized opposite change journey and relative frequency and using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method to Optimal Distribution
Function carries out parameter Estimation, to obtain test site standard load spectrum.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, distributed model
For normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution, rayleigh distributed or Pareto distribution with wide scope.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, works as distributed mode
When type is normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution or rayleigh distributed, the corresponding probability of distributed model
The estimates of parameters of density function is all that the practical change journey obtained according to step 2 and the practical frequency are estimated.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, works as distributed mode
When type is Pareto distribution with wide scope, the estimates of parameters of the corresponding probability density function of distributed model is greater than according to accumulated damage
The practical change journey and the practical frequency of predetermined threshold is to being estimated.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, accumulated damage
It is to accumulate criterion according to linear damage to acquire, predetermined threshold 0.05-0.15.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, in step 6
In, when with it is practical always damage the total damage of closest theory it is not unique when, further choose with practical global cycle number the most
The probability density function of the close corresponding distributed model of theoretical global cycle number is Optimal Distribution function.
Loading spectrum standardized method in test site provided by the invention, can also have the following features: wherein, motor vehicles
For passenger car or commercial vehicle.
Invention action and effect
The test site loading spectrum standardized method being related to according to the present invention, based on vehicle and its zero each under test Field specification
The similitude of part load distribution carries out rainflow ranges counting to real load time history data first and handles to obtain practical change journey
Frequency data and practical total damage；Secondly practical change journey frequency data are modeled and is carried out using at least two distributed models
Parameter Estimation, and then the corresponding theoretical total damage of every kind of distributed model is obtained, it chooses and always damages closest theory with practical
Damage corresponding probability density function always as optimal distribution function；Static vertical load is again based on to real load time history
Data carry out standardization processing and obtain relative load time history data, while carrying out width to the relative load time history data
It is worth analysis and rainflow ranges counting processing, obtains maximum relative load coefficient, minimum relative load coefficient, become journey relatively, is opposite
The frequency and maximum opposite change journey；Opposite change journey normalized is obtained finally by maximum opposite change journey normalized opposite
Become journey, and parameter Estimation is carried out to Optimal Distribution function to be tested according to normalized opposite journey and the opposite change journey of becoming
Standard load spectrum, the test site standard load spectrum being capable of reliabilities and durability to Pre-Evaluation motor vehicles and its components
It is evaluated, so as to shorten the development cycle, improves a possibility that disposably passing through vehicle road test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of loading spectrum standardized method in test site in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is real load time history schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is change journey frequency column schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is change journey damage profile schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；And
Fig. 5 is accumulated damage distribution schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is described further below with reference to technical effect of the attached drawing to design of the invention, specific structure and generation, with
It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
In the present embodiment, motor vehicles are passenger car or commercial vehicle, and passenger car includes bridge vehicle, SUV and MPV etc..
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of loading spectrum standardized method in test site in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, loading spectrum standardized method in test site in the embodiment of the present invention, for testing motor vehicles
Real load time history data under Field specification are handled to obtain standardizing load spectrum, comprising the following steps:
Step S1 acquires real load time history data.
Fig. 2 is real load time history schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
The practical course schematic diagram of the corresponding load of the practical course data of real load is as shown in Fig. 2, when abscissa is in Fig. 2
Between (sec), ordinate be load (N).
Step S2 carries out rainflow ranges counting to real load time history data and handles to obtain practical change Cheng Pin number
According to the practical change journey frequency data include multistage practical change journey SR,iAnd with the practical change journey SR,iCorresponding practical frequency nR,i,
And according to the practical frequency nR,iFind out practical global cycle times Ntotal。
Ntotal=∑ nR,i (1)
Wherein, i is the natural number more than or equal to 1.
Fig. 3 is change journey frequency column schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is practical to become corresponding the changes journey-frequency histogram of journey frequency data as shown in figure 3, abscissa is actually to become journey in Fig. 3,
Ordinate is the practical frequency.
Step S3, according to the S-N curve representation formula of motor vehiclesFind out every grade of practical change journey SR,iIt is corresponding
Practical fatigue life Nf,i, C is the material constant of motor vehicles；And according to the practical fatigue life Nf,iAnd the practical frequency
nR,iAcquire every grade of practical change journey SR,iCorresponding actual damage diAnd practical total damage D.
di=nR,i/Nf,i (2)
D=∑ di (3)
Fig. 4 is change journey damage profile schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Become journey damage profile as shown in figure 4, for abscissa into practical change journey, ordinate is actual damage in Fig. 4.
Further, every grade of actual damage diAccount for the ratio d of practical total damage Di,pFor
di,p=di/D (4)
Criterion is accumulated according to linear damage, the ratio that the accumulated damage of preceding k grades of load accounts for total damage D is dACC,k,
Fig. 5 is accumulated damage distribution schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
The corresponding accumulated damage distribution map of the load history can be obtained by formula (5), as shown in Figure 5.
Step S4 models the practical journey frequency data that become using at least two distributed models, and utilizes maximum likelihood
The estimation technique finds out the corresponding probability density function f (S of every kind of distributed modelR) estimates of parameters.
In the present embodiment, use normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution, rayleigh distributed with
And six kinds of distributed models such as Pareto distribution with wide scope, it is into abscissa, with the corresponding probability density of the practical frequency using practical change journey
Ordinate is fitted.
When distributed model is normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution or rayleigh distributed, point
The estimates of parameters of the corresponding probability density function of cloth model is all the practical change journey and the practical frequency obtained according to step 2
Estimated.
When distributed model is Pareto distribution with wide scope, the estimates of parameters of the corresponding probability density function of distributed model is
The practical change journey and the practical frequency for being greater than predetermined threshold according to accumulated damage are to being estimated.Predetermined threshold is
0.05-0.15, preferably 0.1.
Step S5 finds out every grade of practical change journey S according to the estimates of parameters that step S4 is obtainedR,iIn every kind of distributed model
Corresponding theory frequency n 'R,i, and according to theory frequency n 'R,iFind out the corresponding theoretical global cycle number of every kind of distributed model
N'total, every grade practical become journey SR,iCorresponding theoretical damage d 'iAnd the corresponding theoretical total damage D ' of every kind of distributed model,
n'R,i=Ntotal·f(SR,i)·wS,R (6)
d′i=nR′,i/Nf,i (7)
D'=∑ d'i (8)
Wherein, wS,RBecome journey S to be practicalR,iInterval width.
Step S6, the probability for choosing distributed model corresponding with the closest total damage D ' of theory of practical total damage D are close
Degree function is Optimal Distribution function；When the theory total damage D ' closest with practical total damage D be not unique, further choose
With practical global cycle times NtotalClosest theoretical global cycle times N 'totalThe probability density letter of corresponding distributed model
Number is Optimal Distribution function.
Step S7 standardizes real load time history data on the basis of the static vertical load value of motor vehicles
Change handles to obtain relative load time history data, carries out amplitude analysis to the relative load time history data and obtains maximum phase
To loading coefficient kd,maxAnd minimum relative load coefficient kd,min, and rainflow ranges are carried out to relative load time history data
Counting handles to obtain multistage opposite change journey SRR,i, opposite with this become the corresponding relative frequency n of journeyRR,iAnd maximum opposite change journey
SRR,max。
Wherein, maximum relative load coefficient kd,maxFor the maximum amplitude in relative load time history, minimum relative load
Coefficient kd,minFor the minimum amplitude in relative load time history.
Step S8, with maximum opposite change journey SRR,maxTo opposite change journey SRR,iIt is normalized to obtain normalized phase
To change journey
To make the normalized opposite journey that becomes be in the value interval of [0,1].
Step S9, according to normalized opposite change journeyAnd relative frequency nRR,iAnd use Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method pair
The Optimal Distribution function that step S6 is obtained carries out parameter Estimation, so that test site standard load spectrum is obtained, for pre-evaluation machine
The reliability and durability of motor-car and its components are evaluated.
Embodiment action and effect
The test site loading spectrum standardized method being related to according to the present embodiment, based on vehicle and its each zero under test Field specification
The similitude of components ' load distribution carries out rainflow ranges counting to real load time history data first and handles to obtain practical change
Journey frequency data and practical total damage；Secondly modeling is carried out to practical change journey frequency data using at least two distributed models to go forward side by side
Row parameter Estimation, and then the corresponding theoretical total damage of every kind of distributed model is obtained, it chooses and always damages closest reason with practical
It is optimal distribution function by corresponding probability density function is always damaged；Static vertical load is again based on to go through the real load time
Number of passes obtains relative load time history data according to standardization processing is carried out, while carrying out to the relative load time history data
Amplitude analysis and rainflow ranges counting processing obtain maximum relative load coefficient, minimum relative load coefficient, opposite change journey, phase
To the frequency and maximum opposite change journey；Normalized phase is obtained to opposite change journey normalized finally by the maximum opposite journey that becomes
Become journey and opposite change journey relatively to Optimal Distribution function progress parameter Estimation to be tried to change journey, and according to normalized
A standard load spectrum is tested, which being capable of reliability to Pre-Evaluation motor vehicles and its components and durable
Property evaluated, so as to shorten the development cycle, improve a possibility that disposably passing through vehicle road test.
In addition, because when distributed model is Pareto distribution with wide scope, the ginseng of the corresponding probability density function of distributed model
Number estimated value is to be estimated according to accumulated damage greater than the practical change journey of predetermined threshold and the practical frequency, effectively
Screening is practical to become journey frequency data, further improves the accuracy of the parameter Estimation of probability density function.
In addition, because when with it is practical always damage the total damage of closest theory it is not unique when, further choose with it is practical
The probability density function of the closest corresponding distributed model of theoretical global cycle number of global cycle number is Optimal Distribution function,
Further improve the accuracy of determining Optimal Distribution function.
Above embodiment is preferred case of the invention, the protection scope being not intended to limit the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of test site loading spectrum standardized method, for being gone through to real load time of the motor vehicles in the case where testing Field specification
Number of passes is according to being handled to obtain test site standard load spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 acquires the real load time history data；
Step 2 carries out rainflow ranges counting to the real load time history data and handles to obtain practical change Cheng Pin number
According to, the practical change journey frequency data include it is multistage it is practical become journey and the practical frequency corresponding with the practical change journey, and according to this
The practical frequency finds out practical global cycle number；
Step 3 finds out every grade of reality according to the S-N Curve expression formula of the motor vehicles and becomes the corresponding reality of journey
Fatigue life, and every grade of practical corresponding reality of journey that becomes is acquired according to the practical fatigue life and the practical frequency and is damaged
Wound and practical total damage；
Step 4 models the practical journey frequency data that become using at least two distributed models, and utilizes maximum likelihood
The estimation technique finds out the estimates of parameters of the corresponding probability density function of every kind of distributed model；
Step 5 finds out every grade of practical change journey corresponding reason in every kind of distributed model according to the estimates of parameters
The corresponding theoretical global cycle number of every kind of distributed model, every grade of reality are found out by the frequency, and according to the theory frequency
Become the corresponding theoretical damage of journey and the corresponding theoretical total damage of every kind of distributed model；
Step 6, selection always damage the closest theory with the reality and always damage the general of the corresponding distributed model
Rate density function is Optimal Distribution function；
Step 7 carries out the real load time history data on the basis of the static vertical load value of the motor vehicles
Standardization processing obtains relative load time history data, carries out amplitude analysis to the relative load time history data and obtains most
Big relative load coefficient and minimum relative load coefficient, and rainflow ranges meter is carried out to the relative load time history data
Number, which is handled, obtains multistage opposite change journey, the corresponding relative frequency of change journey opposite with this and maximum opposite change journey；
Step 8 is normalized to obtain normalized opposite change with the maximum journey that becomes relatively to the opposite journey that becomes
Journey, the normalized opposite journey that becomes are in the value interval of [0,1]；
Step 9, according to the normalized opposite change journey and the relative frequency and using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method to described
Optimal Distribution function carries out parameter Estimation, to obtain the test site standard load spectrum.
2. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the distributed model is normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution, rayleigh distributed or wide
Adopted Pareto distribution.
3. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, when the distributed model is the normal distribution, the logarithm normal distribution, the Weibull distribution, the finger
The estimates of parameters of number distribution or when the rayleigh distributed, the corresponding probability density function of the distributed model is all according to
What the practical change journey and the practical frequency that step 2 obtains were estimated.
4. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, when the distributed model is the Pareto distribution with wide scope, the corresponding probability density function of the distributed model
Estimates of parameters be to be greater than practical journey and the practical frequency of becoming of predetermined threshold according to accumulated damage to estimating
What meter obtained.
5. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the accumulated damage is to accumulate criterion according to linear damage to acquire,
The predetermined threshold is 0.05-0.15.
6. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, in the step 6, when with the reality always damage the closest theoretical total damage it is not unique when, into
The one step selection distributed model corresponding with the closest theory global cycle number of the practical global cycle number
Probability density function is Optimal Distribution function.
7. loading spectrum standardized method in test site according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the motor vehicles are passenger car or commercial vehicle.
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| CN111581893A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-25 | 上海理工大学 | Compilation method of reliability test load spectrum of electric drive assembly mechanical system |
| CN111581893B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-06-17 | 上海理工大学 | Compilation method of reliability test load spectrum of electric drive assembly mechanical system |
| CN112001082A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-27 | 上海理工大学 | I-beam front axle lightweight method |
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| CN112051076A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-08 | 重庆理工大学 | New energy automobile power assembly road spectrum loading test method |
| CN112541163A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-23 | 北京三一智造科技有限公司 | Load spectrum data processing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113435018A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-24 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Damage calculation method for road load spectrum of automobile user |
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