CN108959735A - A kind of design method based on assembly available Model Matching Assembling resource - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the methods based on assembly available model analysis design faced assembling, it includes determining design faced assembling scheme, and the part for forming product and the expected function of realizing are determined according to scheme；Determine assembly entity information；Building assembly available model；Assemble entity relationship analysis；It determines the resource for meeting assembly demand and determines optimal Assembling resource.The present invention is according to available and assembly correlation theory building assembly available model, and assembly demand analysis is carried out to the part in design faced assembling method, it is the Assembling resource that part match meets assembly demand using assembly demand available model, the additional available model of assembly is utilized on this basis, influence of the analysis assembly entity relationship to assembly system, and under the constraint of design faced assembling criterion analyzing influence quality, select the Assembling resource of positive influence, reject the Assembling resource of negative influence, to be the optimal Assembling resource of part match, until generating satisfied design faced assembling scheme.

Description

A Design Method for Matching Assembly Resources Based on Assembly Affordance Model

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of product assembly-oriented design, in particular to a design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly affordance model.

Background technique

The concept of Design for Assembly (DFA): In the design stage of the product, consider the possible problems in the assembly process in advance, so that the product has good assembleability, and at the same time ensure that the assembly process is simple, the assembly efficiency is high, and the assembly High quality, low assembly failure rate and low assembly cost. Good assemblability requires the analysis of assembly entities, but the existing assembly-oriented design does not fully consider the relationship between assembly entities in the assembly process. For example, in the assembly process of gears and shafts, most of them only consider the relationship between gears and shafts. Coordination relationship, but rarely consider the tools used in the assembly process, resulting in random selection of assembly resources, so it is difficult to get the best assembly resources. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between assembly entities. The relationship between entities can be divided into functional relationship and non-functional relationship. The functional relationship mainly changes the assembly state of parts during the assembly process, while the non-functional relationship mainly occurs during the assembly process. Noise, interference of parts, etc. However, there is a lack of theoretical tools for analyzing the relationship between assembly entities at this stage, so this paper introduces a new concept affordances to express the functional and non-functional relationships between assembly entities in the assembly process, and uses positive affordances to express the positive factors that exist in the product assembly process. The concept of negative affordability is used to express the negative effects in the product assembly process, and to retain the positive effects and eliminate the negative effects, so as to provide a basis for assembly sequence planning.

There are still some problems in the existing methods: (1) the analysis of assembly entity relationship is not comprehensive, (2) the influence of entity relationship on assembly system, (3) the influence of assembly resource on assembly entity.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly affordance model.

The design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly affordance model is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the assembly-oriented design plan, and determine the components that make up the product and the expected functions according to the plan;

Step 2: Determine the assembly entity information, specifically:

Step 2.1: Determine the information of the parts that make up the product, including the shape, size and weight information of the parts;

Step 2.2: Determine the entity type, which is divided into component entity and assembly resource entity. The component entity is the part that makes up the product, and the assembly resource entity is the tool used in the part assembly process;

Step 2.3: Analyze the hierarchical relationship of the constituent parts, divide the product into multiple sub-assemblies, and then decompose the sub-assemblies into multiple sub-assemblies or parts, and so on until the bottom part is decomposed;

Step 3: Construct the assembly affordance model, the specific steps are:

Step 3.1: Determine the assembly entity in the assembly system;

Step 3.2: Determine the assembly subject and object in the assembly entity;

Step 3.3: Determine affordances between assembled entities;

Step 3.4: Construct four assembly affordance models, which are assembly demand affordance model, assembly add-on affordance model, positive affordance model and negative affordance model.

Definition 1. Assembly requirement affordance refers to one of the four assembly affordance models: under the constraints of the determined assembly requirements, the affordances that meet assembly requirements generated by the interaction between component entities and assembly resources;

Definition 2. Assembly additional affordances: The interaction between component entities and assembly resources produces various types of assembly affordances. In addition to the affordance interaction that meets assembly requirements, other assembly additional affordances such as noise and environmental protection will also be generated. donor interaction;

Definition 3 Positive affordance: the interaction between component entities and assembly resources can promote the assembly operation;

Definition 4 Negative affordance: The interaction between the component entity and the assembly resource has an adverse effect on the assembly operation;

Step 4: Assemble entity relationship analysis, specifically:

Step 4.1: Choose two parts from the parts that make up the product;

Step 4.2: Comparative analysis of the two parts in terms of volume, weight, number of adjacent parts, etc.;

Step 4.3: Among them, the parts with large volume, heavy weight, and adjacent to multiple parts are main assembly parts, and the parts with small volume, light weight, and adjacent to fewer parts are mating assembly parts;

Definition 5 main and mating assembly parts: For two parts that are close to each other, one of the parts remains stationary and fixed at the assembly position, and the other part moves from the storage area to the position to be assembled, so the part fixed at the assembly position is named The main assembly part, the part that moves from the storage area to the assembly position is called a mating assembly part;.

Step 5: Determine the resources that meet the assembly needs, specifically:

Step 5.1: Analyze the relationship between assembly resources and assembly parts. During the assembly process, assembly resources and assembly parts are in contact with each other and meet assembly requirements through a certain connection method. The connection methods between the two include threaded connection, rigid connection, Elastic connections, etc.

Step 5.2: Determine the range of assembly resources that conform to the size of the parts. During the assembly process, different assembly parts must use assembly resources that match their size and shape.

Step 5.3: Analyze the assembly requirements of the parts to the outside world. In order to change their own state, the parts put forward assembly requirements to the outside world. Starting from the size and shape of the parts, combined with the change of the state of the parts, analyze the specific types of assembly requirements put forward by the parts to the outside world.

Step 5.4: Solve the assembly resource based on the assembly requirement affordance model, match the assembly resources satisfying the above three conditions from the assembly resource library through the assembly requirement affordance model, and obtain one or more assembly resources that meet the requirements.

Step 6: Determine the optimal assembly resources, specifically:

Step 6.1: Conduct affordance interaction analysis on multiple assembly resources that meet the assembly requirements. The affordance analysis of assembly requirements takes parts as the main body and assembly resources as the object, and the assembly resources provide the affordance of the parts to meet the assembly requirements; But at this time, on the contrary, when analyzing the additional affordance of assembly, it is necessary to take the part as the object and the assembly resource as the subject, and analyze the affordance of the part to provide the assembly resource.

Step 6.2: Classify the affordance interaction, one is the assembly requirement affordance, and the other is the assembly additional affordance. There are many types of assembly additional affordances, and the affordance that has the greatest impact on assembly is selected. sexual effect.

Step 6.3: Analyze assembly additional affordance categories under the constraints of assembly-oriented design criteria.

Step 6.4: If the interaction of assembly-additional affordance meets the constraints of assembly-oriented design criteria, the assembly-additional affordance is a positive affordance, otherwise a negative affordance is generated. Eliminate assembly resources that generate passive assembly additional affordances, and match assembly resources that generate positive assembly additional affordances.

The design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly availability model is characterized in that the connection methods in step 5.1) include screw connections, rigid connections or elastic connections.

The design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly affordance model is characterized in that the affordance interaction analysis in step 6.1) includes an assembly requirement affordance analysis and an assembly additional affordance analysis; the assembly requirement can be Affordance analysis takes parts as the subject and assembly resources as the object, and assembly resources provide the affordance of parts to meet assembly requirements; assembly additional affordance analysis requires parts as the object and assembly resources as the subject.

By analyzing the relationship between different parts and assembly resources, the assembly-oriented design scheme is continuously optimized and improved until a satisfactory assembly-oriented design scheme is generated.

By adopting the above-mentioned design scheme, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Consider the relationship between parts and assembly resources in the product assembly-oriented design stage; 2. Build an assembly affordance model based on affordances, and analyze the relationship between assembly entities ;3. Analyze the assembly entity relationship from the main and mating parts, and divide the assembly relationship into functional relationship and non-functional relationship; 4. Use positive interaction and negative interaction to analyze the impact of assembly entity relationship on the assembly system.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a diagram of the assembly demand availability model;

Figure 2 is a diagram of the assembly additional affordance model;

Figure 3 is a positive affordance model diagram;

Figure 4 is a negative affordance model diagram;

Figure 5 is a flow chart of assembly requirement availability analysis;

Figure 6 is a flow chart of assembly additional affordance analysis;

Figure 7 is a diagram of assembly-oriented design criteria;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a shaft and a gear;

Figure 9 is a model diagram of the availability of assembly requirements for shafts and gears;

Figure 10 is an additional affordance model diagram for the assembly of shafts and gears;

Figure 11 is an affordance model diagram of the assembly results of shafts and gears;

Figure 12 is an assembly resource diagram of the main assembly part;

Fig. 13 is an assembly resource diagram of coordinating assembly parts;

Figure 14 is an assembly resource diagram for assembling additional affordances.

In the figure: 1-shaft, 2-gear.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of specification sheet and specific embodiment:

As shown in Figure 1-14, a design method for matching assembly resources based on the assembly affordance model of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the assembly-oriented design plan, and determine the components that make up the product and the expected functions according to the plan;

Step 2: Determine the assembly entity information, specifically:

Step 2.1: Determine the information of the parts that make up the product, including the shape information, size information and weight information of the parts;

Step 2.2: Determine the assembly entity type. The assembly entity type is divided into a component entity and an assembly resource entity. The component entity is the part that makes up the product, and the assembly resource entity is the tool used in the part assembly process;

Step 2.3: Analyze the hierarchical relationship of component entities, divide the product into multiple sub-assemblies, and then decompose the sub-assemblies into multiple sub-assemblies or parts at the next level, and so on until it is decomposed into the bottom-level parts;

Step 3: Build an assembly affordance model, specifically:

Step 3.1: Determine the assembly entity in the assembly system;

Step 3.2: Determine the assembly subject and assembly object in the assembly entity;

Step 3.3: Determine assembly affordances between assembly entities;

Step 3.4: Construct four affordance models, which are assembly demand affordance model, assembly additional affordance model, positive affordance model and negative affordance model;

Definition 1 Assembly requirement affordance: It refers to one of the four assembly affordability models: Under the constraints of the determined assembly requirements, the affordances that meet the assembly requirements generated by the interaction between the component entity and the assembly resource, such as As shown in Figure 1;

Definition 2. Assembly additional affordances: The interaction between component entities and assembly resources produces various types of assembly affordances. In addition to the affordance interaction that meets assembly requirements, other assembly additional affordances such as noise and environmental protection will also be generated. Donor interaction, as shown in Figure 2.

Definition 3 Positive affordance: the interaction between component entities and assembly resources can promote the assembly operation, and positive affordance is obtained, as shown in Figure 3;

Definition 4 Negative affordance: The interaction between the component entity and the assembly resource has an adverse effect on the assembly operation, and the negative affordance is obtained, as shown in Figure 4;

Step 4: Assemble entity relationship analysis, specifically:

Step 4.1: Select two parts from the component entities that make up the product;

Step 4.2: Comparative analysis of the two parts in terms of volume, weight, number of adjacent parts, etc.;

Step 4.3: Among them, the parts with large volume, heavy weight, and adjacent to multiple parts are main assembly parts, and the parts with small volume, light weight, and adjacent to fewer parts are mating assembly parts;

Definition 5 main assembly parts and mating assembly parts: For two parts that are close to each other, one of the parts remains still and is fixed at the assembly position, and the other part moves from the storage area to the position to be assembled, so the parts that will be fixed at the assembly position Named as the main assembly part, the part moved from the storage area to the assembly position is called the mating assembly part;

Step 5: Determine the resources that meet the assembly requirements. The process is shown in Figure 5, specifically:

Step 5.1: Analyze the relationship between the assembly resource entity and the assembly component entity. During the assembly process, the assembly resource entity and the assembly component entity are in contact with each other, and meet the assembly requirements through the corresponding connection methods. The connection methods between the two are Threaded connection, rigid connection, elastic connection, etc.;

Step 5.2: Determine the scope of assembly resources that conform to the size of the part. During the assembly process, different assembly parts must use assembly resource entities that match their size and shape;

Step 5.3: Analyze the assembly requirements of the assembly parts to the outside world. In order to change their own state, the assembly parts put forward assembly requirements to the outside world. Starting from the size and shape of the parts, combined with the change of the state of the parts, analyze the assembly parts proposed by the assembly parts to the outside world. Specific types of needs;

Step 5.4: Solve the assembly resource based on the assembly requirement affordance, match the assembly resource that meets the assembly requirement from the assembly resource library through the assembly requirement affordance, and obtain one or more assembly resource entities that meet the requirement;

Step 6: Determine the optimal assembly resource, the process is shown in Figure 6, specifically:

Step 6.1: Conduct affordance interaction analysis on multiple assembly resources that meet the assembly requirements. For the affordance analysis of assembly requirements, the parts are taken as the main body, and the assembly resources are used as the object. The assembly resources provide the availability of parts that meet the assembly requirements. For the additional affordance analysis of assembly, it is necessary to take the part as the object and the assembly resource as the subject, and analyze the affordance of the part to provide the assembly resource;

Step 6.2: Classify the affordance interaction, one is the assembly requirement affordance, and the other is the assembly additional affordance. There are many types of assembly additional affordances, and the affordance that has the greatest impact on assembly is selected. sexual function;

Step 6.3: Analyze the assembly additional affordance category under the constraints of assembly-oriented design principles, the assembly-oriented design principles include the principle of easy positioning of parts, the principle of minimum number and type of parts, the principle of modular design, the principle of minimum assembly fixtures, and the principle of minimum assembly adjustment , The principle of least assembly direction, the principle of reducing fastener design and the principle of least manual operation, as shown in Figure 7.

Step 6.4: If the assembly-additional affordance interaction complies with the assembly-oriented design principle constraints, the assembly-additional affordance is a positive affordance, otherwise a negative affordance is generated; remove the assembly resources that generate a negative assembly-additional affordance, and match Generate an assembly resource that actively assembles additional affordances, and the setup is complete.

The invention continuously optimizes and improves the assembly-oriented design scheme by analyzing the relationship between different parts and assembly resource entities until a satisfactory assembly-oriented design scheme is generated. Example: Assembly process for shafts and gears

Specifically include the following steps:

1. Construction of the assembly availability model, as shown in Figure 8, matches the optimal assembly resources for its parts in the assembly-oriented design stage:

First construct the assembly affordance model, which is divided into four steps:

STEP1: Determine the assembly entity in the assembly system;

Component entities: shaft 1, gear 2;

Assembly resource entities: manipulators, fixtures, wrenches, operators, etc.;

STEP2: Determine the subject and object in the assembly system;

Parts are the main body: axis 1 (main body) and manipulator, axis 1 (main body) and operator, axis 1 (main body) and fixture, gear 2 (main body) and conveyor belt, gear 2 (main body) and wrench, gear 2 (main body) ) and guide rail;

Parts are assembly objects: axis 1 and manipulator (body), axis 1 and operator (body), axis 1 and fixture (body), gear 2 and conveyor belt (body), gear 2 and wrench (body), gear 2 and manipulator (main body);

STEP3: Determine the assembly affordances between entities;

Availability of assembly requirements: the manipulator provides axis 1 stability, the fixture provides axis 1 stability, the operator provides axis 1 stability, the conveyor belt provides gear 2 movement, the wrench provides gear 2 adjustment, and the guide rail provides gear 2 movement;

Additional availability for assembly: Axis 1 provides manipulators that need to be adjusted, Axis 1 provides manpower consumption by the operator, Axis 1 provides fixture stability, gear 2 provides conveyor belts that need to be adjusted, gear 2 provides wrench consumption manpower, and gear 2 provides the least assembly resources for manipulators;

STEP4: Construct the assembly demand affordance model, as shown in Figure 9, the assembly additional affordance model, as shown in Figure 10, the assembly affordability result model, as shown in Figure 11, the assembly affordance result of the present invention Refers to positive affordance and negative affordance, which are the results of previous assembly requirement affordance and assembly additional affordance

2. Analysis of Assembly Requirements Affordance Model

First, determine the characteristic information of shaft 1 and gear 2, and analyze them from the aspects of size, weight, shape, thickness, etc., and the obtained information is shown in Table 1:

Through the comparative analysis of the above parts information, the axis 1 is regarded as the main assembly part, and the gear 2 is the matching assembly part, in which the main assembly part shaft 1 is fixed at the assembly position, and the matching assembly part 2 is moved from the point to be assembled to the main assembly part Axis 1 position, and cooperate with the main assembly part axis 1 to complete the assembly.

Table 1 Parts information

Then determine the assembly requirements of each part; according to the assembly position relationship of the parts and the characteristic attribute information of the parts obtained from the previous step analysis, determine the scope of the assembly requirements of the parts to the outside world during the assembly process, and combine the pre-assembly, assembly and post-assembly three-dimensional According to the assembly characteristics of each stage, the assembly requirements of the following parts are obtained, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Assembly Requirements Analysis

Based on the analysis of the above table, because axis 1 is the main assembly part and remains fixed during the entire assembly process, the assembly requirements in the three assembly stages are the same, and they are all fixed assembly requirements. For gear 2, it needs to move from the position to be assembled to the position of the main assembly part, so the assembly requirements in the three stages are grabbing, moving and fixing.

Finally, determine the assembly resources that meet the assembly needs; for the assembly process of shaft 1 and gear 2. For shaft 1, the main assembly part, it remains fixed throughout the assembly process, and its analysis process is shown in Figure 12. Therefore, the assembly resources that provide the fixing requirements of shaft 1 include fixtures, support frames, grooves, etc.

For the cooperating assembly part gear 2, it needs to be divided into three stages. The assembly resources grabbed before assembly include manipulators, operators, etc.; the assembly resources used for movement during assembly include conveyor belts, guide rails, manipulators, etc.; after assembly, they are used for fixing. Assembly resources include fixtures, operators, etc. Therefore, the assembly resources required for the three stages of the parts and gears in the transmission system are shown in Figure 13;

3. Assembly Additional Affordance Model Analysis

Further analysis is made on the above-mentioned multiple assembly resources that meet the assembly requirements, and the interaction of parts provided to assembly resources is determined by means of the assembly additional affordance model. Corresponding to the availability of assembly requirements, analyze the assembly resources corresponding to shaft 1 and gear 2, and obtain the analysis results of additional availability of assembly as shown in Figure 14;

Then the optimal assembly resource is analyzed and evaluated. Under the constraints of assembly-oriented design, the positive affordance model and negative affordance model are used to analyze the interaction results of assembly additional affordances. If the constraint is met, the corresponding assembly resource is selected; if not, the assembly resource needs to be eliminated or redesigned. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 3, where "√" means that the constraints are met, "×" means that the constraints are not met, and "-" means that the constraints are not considered.

Table 3 Assembly resource analysis and evaluation

Take the assembly resources such as operators, conveyor belts, and manipulators that need to be used for the above analysis of gears as examples to illustrate. The specific information of the analysis process is as follows:

Operator: The operator moves the gear 2 from the storage position to the designated assembly position, and the operator provides the gear 2 with the availability of assembly requirements for grabbing. Although the operator can provide the assembly requirements for gear 2 to grab, but the gear 2 will also provide some additional assembly affordances to the operator at the same time, providing the operator with repetitive and tiring work, which violates the least-used operation of the assembly-oriented design The principle of personnel brings additional costs to the assembly and has a negative interaction on the entire assembly, so the operator is not considered.

Conveyor Belt: The gear 2 is placed on the conveyor belt and interacts with the conveyor belt to produce an affordance that satisfies the assembly requirement that provides movement. But when the conveyor belt moves the gear 2 to the designated position, another assembly resource is needed to grab the gear and assemble it with other parts. It violates the principle of minimum use of assembly resources in assembly-oriented design, and at the same time brings unnecessary trouble to assembly, increasing assembly time and cost. Therefore, the assembly additional affordance generated between them is negative, so the conveyor belt is not considered.

Manipulator: The manipulator grabs the gear 2 and moves the gear 2 to the designated assembly position to meet the assembly requirements of providing movement. The interaction between gear 2 and the manipulator produces additional affordances for assembly, which is to adjust the direction of parts. At the same time, the manipulator can be used for assembly operations, including grasping, moving and fixing actions, which can reduce the time for replacing assembly resources in different assembly processes and improve the utilization of assembly resources. . Therefore, the additional affordance of assembly generated between them is positive, so the manipulator is chosen.

The content described in this specification is only an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. Equivalent technical means conceivable by the invention concept.

Claims (3)

1. A design method for matching assembly resources based on assembly affordance model, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the assembly-oriented design plan, and determine the components that make up the product and the expected functions according to the plan; Step 2: Determine the assembly entity information, specifically: Step 2.1: Determine the information of the parts that make up the product, including the shape, size and weight information of the parts; Step 2.2: Determine the entity type, which is divided into component entity and assembly resource entity. The component entity is the part that makes up the product, and the assembly resource entity is the tool used in the part assembly process; Step 2.3: Analyze the hierarchical relationship of the constituent parts, divide the product into multiple sub-assemblies, and then decompose the sub-assemblies into multiple sub-assemblies or parts, and so on until the bottom part is decomposed; Step 3: Construct the assembly affordance model, the specific steps are: Step 3.1: Determine the assembly entity in the assembly system; Step 3.2: Determine the assembly subject and assembly object in the assembly entity; Step 3.3: Determine assembly affordances between assembly entities; Step 3.4: Construct four assembly affordance models, which are assembly requirement affordance model, assembly add-on affordance model, positive affordance model and negative affordance model; Step 4: Assemble entity relationship analysis, specifically: Step 4.1: Choose two parts from the parts that make up the product; Step 4.2: Comparative analysis of the two parts in terms of volume, weight, number of adjacent parts, etc.; Step 4.3: Among them, the parts with large volume, heavy weight, and adjacent to multiple parts are main assembly parts, and the parts with small volume, light weight, and adjacent to fewer parts are mating assembly parts; Step 5: Determine the resources that meet the assembly needs, specifically: Step 5.1: Analyze the relationship between assembly resources and assembly parts. During assembly, assembly resources and assembly parts are in contact with each other, and meet assembly requirements through corresponding connection methods; Step 5.2: Determine the scope of assembly resources that meet the size of the part. During the assembly process, different assembly parts must use assembly resources that match their size and shape; Step 5.3: Analyze the assembly requirements of the parts to the outside world. In order to change their own state, the parts put forward assembly requirements to the outside world. Starting from the size and shape of the parts, combined with the change of the state of the parts, analyze the specific types of assembly requirements put forward by the parts to the outside world; Step 5.4: Solve the assembly resources based on the assembly requirement affordance model, match the assembly resources satisfying the above three conditions from the assembly resource library through the assembly requirement affordance model, and obtain one or more assembly resources that meet the requirements; Step 6: Determine the optimal assembly resources, specifically: Step 6.1: Conduct affordance interaction analysis on multiple assembly resources that meet the assembly requirements, and analyze the affordance role of parts in providing assembly resources; Step 6.2: Classify the affordance interaction, one is the assembly requirement affordance, and the other is the assembly additional affordance. There are many types of assembly additional affordances, and the affordance that has the greatest impact on assembly is selected. sexual function; Step 6.3: Analyze the assembly additional affordance category under the constraints of assembly-oriented design principles; Step 6.4: If the assembly-additional affordance interaction complies with the assembly-oriented design principle constraints, the assembly-additional affordance is a positive affordance, otherwise a negative affordance is generated; remove the assembly resources that generate a negative assembly-additional affordance, and match Generates assembly resources that actively assemble additional affordances. 2. A design method for matching assembly resources based on an assembly affordance model according to claim 1, wherein the connection method in step 5.1) includes screw connection, rigid connection or elastic connection. 3. A design method for matching assembly resources based on assembly affordance model according to claim 1, characterized in that the affordance interaction analysis in step 6.1) includes assembly requirement affordance analysis and assembly additional affordance Affordance analysis of assembly requirements; Affordance analysis of assembly requirements takes parts as the subject and assembly resources as the object, and assembly resources provide the affordance of parts to meet assembly requirements; Assembly additional affordance analysis requires the parts as the object and assembly resources as the subject .