CN108959717A - A method of improving Ti alloy casting performance - Google Patents
A method of improving Ti alloy casting performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN108959717A CN108959717A CN201810583948.2A CN201810583948A CN108959717A CN 108959717 A CN108959717 A CN 108959717A CN 201810583948 A CN201810583948 A CN 201810583948A CN 108959717 A CN108959717 A CN 108959717A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007531 graphite casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/18—Manufacturability analysis or optimisation for manufacturability
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for improving Ti alloy casting performance, using orthogonal test, the heterogeneity combination for meeting same trade mark titanium alloy is set, every kind, which is calculated, with material property software for calculation combines the lower relevant thermal physical property parameter of alloy graining process, and establish the model between alloying component objective function corresponding with casting flaw, response optimization makes objective function obtain extreme value, so obtain casting character it is optimal when alloying component.The present invention solves in the prior art, in particular by the various drawbacks of experiment means of testing optimized alloy ingredient, effectively improves the casting character of titanium alloy, and reduces corresponding research and development cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving Ti alloy casting performance, belong to Ti alloy casting field.
Background technique
Titanium or titanium alloy has excellent mechanical performance, corrosion resistance and processability, therefore is widely used for navigating
The fields such as empty space flight, petrochemical industry, communications and transportation, ocean engineering, war industry equipment and hygiene medical treatment.Influence Ti alloy casting performance
Technological factor include pouring temperature, poring rate, cast design, additional physical field etc.；Material factor includes alloying component, folder
Sundries content and inclusion size etc..Structure is complicated, the biggish titanium alloy casting of wall thickness change for some, is easy to appear heat
It splits, shrinkage cavity, the casting flaws such as loose, and alloying is to improve the important channel of cast performance.
The main alloy element of titanium alloy includes Al, V and C etc..Wherein, Al is most important alloying member in titanium alloy
Element has the function of stable alpha phase, and α phase can be improved and arrive β phase transition temperature；Al is also that most common, most effective α phase strengthens member
Element effectively improves the intensity of low temperature and high temperature (550 DEG C or more)；The density of Al is small simultaneously, ensure that alloy in room temperature and high temperature
Under performance, there is Al element in most titanium alloy, its effect is similar to the effect of carbon in steel, primarily serves solid solution
The effect of reinforcing.V is β phase stable element, does not generate β phase eutectoid decomposition, and when slow cooling is precipitated α phase, and there is the analysis of α ' martensite in when rapid cooling
Out.In addition, V makes alloy have heat treatment reinforcement ability, and plasticity can be improved.C is stable alpha phase element, is formed when C is less than 0.1%
Interstitial solid solution, carbide precipitate when being greater than 0.1%.
The variation of alloying element and its content will generate large effect to the physical property of titanium alloy, come for casting
It says, mainly influence liquidus curve, solidus, linear expansion coefficient, heat content etc., to influence the mobility of titanium liquid, fillibility, contraction
Rate and hot tearing sensibility etc..It can be seen that the type and its content of optimized alloy element are for improving Ti alloy casting performance, improving titanium
Alloy-steel casting quality is of great significance.
CN101456063A " large-scale thin-wall titanium alloy casting shell molds preheating method manufacturing process " uses shell pre-heating mean, i.e.,
Graphite casting mould is fixed in advance, and is preheating to 440-480 DEG C, then graphite casting mould is transferred in consumable electrode vacuum furnace again and is poured
It infuses, guarantees that the temperature of casting mold is 390-410 DEG C in casting process, to obtain large-scale thin-wall titanium alloy casting.It is noticeable
It is that in the art, the graphite casting mould of high temperature is transferred in consumable electrode vacuum furnace, inevitably will appear some temperature drops, while needing again
Guarantee that mold temperature fluctuation is no more than positive and negative 20 DEG C in casting process, proposes higher requirement to pouring technology.In addition, needle
To the titanium alloy of different structure, different wall thickness and unlike material, casting technique can also change therewith, the popularization to the technology
Using also resulting in some obstacles.
Summary of the invention
The present invention a kind of improves Ti alloy casting using adjusting alloying component in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, providing
The method of performance is specially calculated using numerical value and determines the constituent content for influencing titanium alloy freezing range, and finding objective function is
Corresponding chemical component when extreme value reduces and generates that shrinkage cavity is loose in titanium alloy casting process of setting and the machine of the casting flaws such as hot tearing
Rate, to improve casting quality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A method of improving Ti alloy casting performance, comprising the following steps:
(1) upper and lower bound of each alloying element content in titanium alloy is determined according to the trade mark of titanium alloy casting and actual demand；
(2) according to the upper and lower bound of each alloying element content, the median of each alloying element content is calculated, by each alloy
The upper limit, median and the lower limit of constituent content are respectively designated as high level, middle horizontal and low-level, in conjunction with the number of alloying element
Mesh designs multifactor three horizontal quadratures test；
(3) titanium alloy and solidification associated hot in the case of various combination are successively calculated in orthogonal test using material property software for calculation
Physical parameter, including but not limited to equilibrium freezing curve, continuously cooling and freezing curve, liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, liquid phase
Linear shrinkage ratio, solid phase linear shrinkage ratio etc.；Obtaining liquidus curve, solidus, solid phase linear shrinkage ratio, liquid phase linear shrinkage ratio and solid rate is
It is loose to correspond to shrinkage cavity using solid phase linear shrinkage ratio and liquid phase linear shrinkage ratio difference as objective function 1(for 90% corresponding shrinking percentage), Gu
Phase linear shrinkage ratio and solid rate are that 90% corresponding shrinking percentage difference is that objective function 2(corresponds to hot tearing sensibility)；
The material property software for calculation includes but is not limited to: existing commercial material performance software for calculation JMatPro,
ThermoCalc carries business software ProCAST, the Adstefan in material characteristic data library, and according to a large amount of measured datas or
The empirical model that theoretical model is established；
It (4) with objective function 1 and objective function 2 is respectively dependent variable, with each alloying element content and alloying element reciprocation
For independent variable, the equation of independent variable and objective function is established by multilinear fitting；
(5) be response with objective function 1 and objective function 2, calculating target function when being minimum value corresponding each alloying element contain
Amount, obtain casting character it is optimal when corresponding alloying component.
Compared with technique compare, advantages of the present invention are as follows:
(1) alloying element is complicated to the Influencing Mechanism of material property parameter compares with traditional experiment test, is calculated not using numerical value
Only can to avoid prepare a large amount of heterogeneities alloy, reduce research and development cost, and be easier obtain alloying element interaction
Influence to material property parameter；
(2) it can be easier to be generalized to other alloy systems, or other performances for optimized alloy material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is 1 Solid of objective function (vf) and runs the scatter plot of sequence；
Fig. 3 is 2 Solid (vf-vf of objective functionfs=0.9) with operation sequence scatter plot.
Specific embodiment
Elaborate below with reference to embodiment to the present invention, premised on technical solution of the present invention under, give in detail
Embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment
The present embodiment process is as shown in Figure 1, select TC4 titanium alloy for subject alloy, main alloy element Al, V, Fe
And C designs the horizontal total divisor orthogonal test of four factor three according to the corresponding upper limit of each alloying element content, lower limit and median,
Totally 81 groups, experimental factor is as shown in table 1 with level.
1 experimental factor of table and level
Note: in each group test, surplus element is Ti.
It is related to solidification that gained titanium alloy under every kind of combined situation is successively calculated using JMatPro material property software for calculation
Thermal physical property parameter, specifically including liquidus curve, solidus, solid phase linear shrinkage ratio, liquid phase linear shrinkage ratio and solid rate is 90% corresponding
Shrinking percentage.It is arranged objective function 1:Solid (vf), i.e. solid phase linear shrinkage ratio and liquid phase linear shrinkage ratio difference；Objective function 2:
Solid(vf-vffs=0.9), i.e., solidus and solid rate are 90% corresponding shrinking percentage difference.Objective function 1 and objective function 2 with
The scatter plot difference for running sequence is as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Consider (wherein, to have screened out to mesh under the premise of the reciprocation of alloying element
The inapparent reciprocation of the influence of scalar functions), optimized to obtain objective function 1 and objective function 2 and alloy according to multiple linear
The correspondence model equation of constituent content, is respectively as follows:
Solid(vf) = - 3.60 - 0.139 × Al - 0.0149 × V - 1.06 × Fe - 2.72 × C -
0.0368 V × C + 0.126 Al × C - 0.0185Al × Fe + 0.970 Fe × C - 0.157 Al ×
Fe × C；
Solid(vf-vffs=0.9) = - 0.256 - 0.0207 × Al - 0.00577 × V - 0.800 × Fe -
0.764 × C - 0.0273 V × C - 0.0126 Al × Fe + 0.116 Al × C + 0.861 Fe × C
- 0.136 Al × Fe × C。
With Solid (vf) and Solid (vf-vffs=0.9) be response, obtain casting character it is optimal when (i.e. objective function be most
When small value) corresponding TC4 alloying component be Al mass fraction be 5.5%, V mass fraction be 3.5%, Fe mass fraction is 0.01%,
C mass fraction is 0.01%.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for improving Ti alloy casting performance, determines each alloy in titanium alloy according to the titanium alloy trade mark and actual demand
The upper limit of element and content, median and lower limit calculate each orthogonal examination with material property software for calculation using orthogonal test
Gained titanium alloy thermal physical property parameter relevant to solidification is tested, the mould between alloying component objective function corresponding with casting flaw is established
Type equation, response optimization make objective function obtain minimum value to get the alloying component to casting character when optimal.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein specifically includes the following steps:
(1) upper and lower bound of each alloying element content in titanium alloy is determined according to the trade mark of titanium alloy casting and actual demand；
(2) according to the upper and lower bound of each alloying element content, the median of each alloying element content is calculated, by each alloy
The constituent content upper limit, median and lower limit are respectively designated as high level, middle horizontal and low-level, in conjunction with the number of alloying element,
Design multifactor three horizontal total divisor orthogonal tests；
(3) titanium alloy and solidification associated hot in the case of various combination are successively calculated in orthogonal test using material property software for calculation
Physical parameter, obtaining liquidus curve, solidus and solid rate is 90% corresponding shrinking percentage；
Using solid phase linear shrinkage ratio and liquid phase linear shrinkage ratio difference as objective function 1, the loose casting flaw of corresponding shrinkage cavity；Solidus
Shrinking percentage and solid rate are that 90% corresponding shrinking percentage difference is objective function 2, corresponding hot tearing sensibility casting flaw；
(4) it is dependent variable with objective function 1 and objective function 2, is certainly with each alloying element content and alloying element reciprocation
Variable establishes the equation of independent variable and objective function by multilinear fitting；
It (5) is response with objective function 1 and objective function 2, accounting equation corresponding each alloying element content when being minimum value obtains
Corresponding alloying component when optimal to casting character.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110592404A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Bubble movement and mass transfer numerical simulation method for aluminum melt dehydrogenation |
| CN112102896A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-18 | 上海交通大学 | Alloy component optimization method and equipment for improving fluidity of cast high-temperature alloy |
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| CN112102896B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-12-20 | 上海交通大学 | Alloy component optimization method and equipment for improving fluidity of cast high-temperature alloy |
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