CN108958708B - Software system architecture based on components and software implementation method - Google Patents
Software system architecture based on components and software implementation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a large desktop software system architecture based on components and an implementation method, comprising the following steps: an object service management module, an object tree structure module, an object and a monitoring module thereof, a service component, an object content description file, an event distribution module, a log recording module and an object IPC communication module, wherein the object service management module loads the service component, parses the object content description file specified by the component, stores the object pointer to the object container, and registers the object in the object tree structure, meanwhile, entrust event distribution module sends module starting event signal, business module receives signal to request to execute starting module event function, if object service management module unloads business module, it executes stopping module event function, uses object tree structure module to operate and monitor all the modules and their objects, and the IPC communication module is used for realizing the cooperative work of different network application programs, so that the desktop large-scale software system can be effectively and flexibly developed.
Description
Technical Field
The technology relates to the field of software development, in particular to a software system architecture based on component development and an implementation method.
Background
The software architecture (software architecture) refers to the architecture which is formed by collocating and arranging various parts of a software system from different angles on the basis of a certain design principle, and an object described by the software architecture is an abstract component directly forming the system. In general, the architecture of a software system has two elements: one is the highest-level partitioning of software systems from whole to part, i.e. a software system usually includes architectural components (Architecture components), couplers (connectors), Task-flows (Task-flows); secondly, if the design of the software system architecture is determined, the technology and business at the later stage are difficult to change, and a lot of important decisions need to be made in advance before a software system is built. Software architecture is the basis for building computer software engineering practices for guiding the design of various aspects of software systems. In traditional software engineering practice, particularly for large applications, there is no standard specification to constrain how component-wise software development is achieved. Different technical schemes have larger influence on development, test and maintenance of large application software, and a better software architecture design scheme can enable the large software to realize component-based development management, dynamic configuration and function extension, and can also easily customize different software requirements by adding or changing different functional components.
The traditional software engineering practice has the following disadvantages: due to the inherent defect of software architecture design, the software complexity is higher and higher along with the enlargement of the software scale; different components of the software are coupled tightly, and the software is difficult to multiplex, so that the development efficiency is low; the hot plug difficulty between the assemblies is large, when a certain module or assembly is abnormal or can not be used, phenomena such as abnormal use and even crash of other modules and assemblies are often caused, unstable factors of a system are difficult to control, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a large-scale software application software architecture which can realize the development of a software system by using a C + + language component-based modular management mode, so that a developer can easily realize a pluggable and easily-extensible large-scale cross-platform desktop application software system, such as a Window, Linux or iOS platform.
A software system architecture and software implementation method based on components includes: the system comprises an object tree structure module, an object container and a monitoring module thereof, an object content description file, an event distribution module, a component service management module, a log recording module and an object IPC communication module. The method is characterized in that different object modules among the components are realized by event signal sending and event monitoring, and the functions of all the object modules are independent because all the function units are not required to be mutually called, so that the component-based software architecture does not have the defects of unclear object module boundaries, high module coupling, poor module expansibility, difficulty in module cutting and the like, and the component modules with various standard interfaces are dynamically configured on the basis of the software system architecture; the software architecture component library realizes component reuse under the constraint of unified specification, is suitable for team collaborative development, can reuse codes, saves manpower and time, and can realize the calling and signal transmission of different software objects.
The object tree structure module of the software system architecture and the software implementation method is a component and a logical relationship mode containing a registered object, the object tree structure is a finite set of one or more nodes, each node represents the component loaded in the application program and the relevant information of the component containing the object, and the method comprises the following steps: the name of the node, the path of the node, the object pointer, and the information container. Wherein the names of nodes should be unique at the same level; the path of the node refers to the logical relation of an object tree structure of the node in an application program, and the node hierarchy of the path is divided by points (.); the object pointer points to the address of the object in the computer memory, the object pointer is null during the object construction process or after the object is deleted, and two nodes are not allowed to point to the same object in the whole object tree; the information container refers to some attribute features of the node, signal and slot functions, other necessary information, and the like, and generally, the information is managed in the form of key value pairs (key = value).
The object container and the monitoring module thereof of the software system architecture and the software implementation method are mainly used for managing objects and services on which the application program runs. The application program is integrated by a plurality of components, each component contains a plurality of objects, and the object container can effectively manage the objects and the cross-dependency relationship between different objects thereof, including a list container and a sequence-object association container. Meanwhile, the external request of the object container can be monitored to execute business operations such as insertion, deletion, destruction and the like, and corresponding event signals and the like are sent.
The object content description file of the software system architecture and the software implementation method is an object list and related information of the components to be registered in the object tree structure module, each object should have a unique name in the object content description file of the same component, and the related information includes attribute information, event and processing function information and other information of the object.
In the software system architecture and the software implementation method, when the component is loaded by the application program, the event distribution module sequentially distributes a series of enabling component event signals, namely a pre-initialization event signal, a pre-loading setting file event signal, a post-loading setting file event signal, a pre-loading object content description file event signal, a post-initialization event signal, a pre-activation event and a post-activation event signal; the post-initialization event function is executed meaning that the component has been initialized. Similarly, when the component is unloaded by the application program, the serial deactivation component event signals are distributed in sequence, namely a pre-release event and a post-release event signal, a pre-destruction event signal, a pre-unloading object content description file event signal, a post-unloading object content description file event signal, a pre-unloading setting file event signal, a post-unloading setting file signal and a post-ending event signal; the end event function is executed meaning that the component has been completely deactivated and logged out. And the component or the component service management module executes a corresponding event processing function after receiving the event signal.
In the above software system architecture and software implementation method, when executing the load object content description file event function, the component service management module delegates the event distribution module to sequentially distribute an object load event signal and an object merge event signal according to the object content description file, when executing the unload object content description file event function, the component service management module delegates the event distribution module to sequentially send an object split event signal and an object split event signal, the component service management module reflects the event signal to the object component to be merged and split, and the component executes the corresponding event processing function.
In the above software system architecture and software implementation method, the event processing function is declared as a virtual function, so that a developer can implement a corresponding event processing function or method again.
In the software system architecture and the software implementation method, the component service management module controls basic operations of component loading, unloading, activating, suspending, searching and the like by combining the object container, the monitoring module thereof and the object tree structure module, and realizes effective and flexible dynamic management and hot plug functions for loading resources of all components and objects thereof to the application program.
In the above software system architecture and software implementation method, the logging module is an independent module for outputting or recording related information in the software running process, and a developer can output information such as warning, debugging, fatal and prompt according to needs, wherein after the debugging and fatal information is effectively processed or solved, the logging module deletes corresponding records.
In the software system architecture and the software implementation method, the object IPC communication module is used for object calling and communication of different local application programs or different local application programs between local area networks. The IPC communication module host object of the application program monitors event signals of special objects of other application programs and executes corresponding event processing functions according to the monitored event signals, thereby realizing object calling and communication among different application programs based on the Internet.
In the above technical solution of the event distribution module, preferably, a basic component class is provided, where constructors of the basic component class and its subclasses are declared as common types, and destructors are declared as protection types, so as to ensure that component instantiations and executed components are distributed in a heap of a memory, rather than in a stack of the memory.
In the above technical solutions of the component base class and the subclasses thereof, preferably, the component instantiation may be implemented by using a shared library or a static library to load components, or the instance may be created independently.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the service management module monitors event signals sent by an object, and manages various event signals issued by different components in a unified manner, thereby facilitating improvement of stability and expandability of a system framework.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) in the aspect of a component management mode, a logical relationship mode between a component and an object contained in the component is described or represented by a structure module of an object tree, so that the component management is clear, all components of an application program and the object contained in the application program are operated and monitored by the structure module of the object tree, effective and flexible dynamic management and hot plug of the functional component and the object of the large desktop software system are realized, the software complexity can be effectively reduced for the integration of a complex large software system, and the expansibility and the stability of the system are better. (2) The serial event signal distribution of the initialization and the logout of the components is designed, the processing function declaration of the events is a virtual function, and developers can flexibly define the related processing functions of the initialization and the logout events. (3) The IPC communication module of the invention realizes the purposes of cooperative work of different application programs of the network and the like based on the object calling and communication among different application programs of the network.
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In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the present software system architecture.
Fig. 2 shows an example of the object content description file in the xml file format of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 shows an example of an object content description file in the json file format of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the object tree structure of the present software system architecture.
FIG. 5 illustrates the flow of events sent by the component loading process of the present software system architecture.
FIG. 6 illustrates the flow of events sent by the component uninstall process of the present software system architecture.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In fig. 1, the service management module 101 of the present software system architecture integrates an object tree structure module 102, an object container and its monitoring module 103. In the specific implementation process, firstly, the service component 104 designates the object content description file 105, then the service management module 101 loads the service component 104, analyzes the object content description file, meanwhile, the event distribution module 106 is entrusted to send a series of enabling component event signals and feed back the enabling component event signals to the service management module 101, the service management module 101 reflects the event signals to the service component 104 and activates the component, and the service component 104 executes a corresponding processing function according to the event signals; the service management module 101 stores the parsed object pointer in the object container and its monitoring module 103 while registering the object path in the object tree structure module 102.
The service management module 101 of the software system architecture loads more business components 104 and the like in a similar process, so that the software system can effectively manage more business components and realize more functions.
In the above specific implementation process, the object container and the object pointer of the monitoring module 103 thereof are inserted, deleted, destroyed, and other operation actions, and corresponding monitoring signals of the object container such as insertion, deletion, and destruction are sent, and the object tree structure module 102 receives the monitoring signals and executes the actions of registration and logout of the object in the object tree structure module according to the corresponding monitoring signals, so that the object container and the object of the object tree structure are in a consistent corresponding relationship.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the mobile terminal further includes a logging module 107, where the logging module 107 can output information such as warning, debugging, fatal, and prompt as required, and the information is output to a terminal such as a hard disk and a display screen in a text format.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the system further comprises an object IPC communication module 108, and the object IPC communication module 108 realizes mutual calling and information exchange between different objects of different applications across networks.
The invention also provides a C/C + + library of the software system architecture and the software implementation method based on the components, and the C/C + + language and the standard library thereof are adopted, so that the C/C + + language and the standard library thereof can be flexibly transplanted to different operating system platforms.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the C/C + + language software system architecture library object content description file module adopts an object to be loaded by a Json format file description component of a key value pair, or an object to be loaded by an xml format file description component of an extensible markup language.
The software development process of the software architecture system based on the technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to fig. 2 to 6. In the specific embodiment below, the software system is built using Qt cross-platform C + + graphical user interface libraries. For convenience of description, the Component service management module 101 is named as an ApplicationService class, the Object tree structure module 102 is named as an ObjectTree class, the Object tree node is named as an ObjectTreeNode, the Object container and monitoring module 103 thereof is named as an ObjectMap class, the event distribution module 106 is named as an EventsDispatcher class, the Object Content description File 105 is named as an objectcontent File, the service Component 104 is a function Component class of an extended system and can be named as a Component class according to functions, a parent class or a base class of the function Component class is named as a basemarket class, for convenience of writing by a standard template of the service Component 104, the basemarket class defines processing functions of different events and declares as virtual functions, a processing method of the virtual functions is specifically implemented by the function Component class, and a derived class event processing function that the compiling system determines to call according to the principle of same name coverage is compiled. Qt in the cross-platform C + + graphical user interface library, the BaseComponent class can be inherited from the QObject class.
Because Qt can be used for developing graphical interface programs and non-graphical interface programs, wherein the non-graphical interface programs use QCoreapplication classes to provide a main event circulation mechanism, and the graphical interface provides a non-binding QWIiapplication class and a binding QWIdTo QAPPLICATION class on the basis of inheriting QCoreapplication and is used for managing the control flow and main settings of the graphical user interface application programs. In the development of the software system, in order to use the component service management module 101 of the technical scheme of the present invention, a multiple inheritance method is adopted to create a new class named as a com application class for the QCoreApplication class and the ApplicationService class, and then the com application class simultaneously comprises a main event circulation mechanism of Qt and the component management mechanism provided by the present invention. Similarly, if a gcompplication class, named after creating a new class by multiple inheritance to the QGuiApplication class, the QApplication class, and the ApplicationService class, the gcompplication class includes not only the main event circulation mechanism of Qt and the component management mechanism provided by the present invention, but also the graphical interface control flow and the main management settings of Qt.
In the specific implementation process, the derived class of the functional component class needs to specify the Object Content description File Object Content File of the component.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are object content description files in xml and json format of a software architecture according to the present invention, in which the component of the object content description file in fig. 2 is a FileBrower component, the object list is an array, the unique name of the object is a FileBrower, which is called a FileBrower object, the attribute information of the FileBrower object is 30, the signals of the FileBrower object and their corresponding slot functions are respectively the connection between the filedoubtercicked (qstring) of the component and the openfile (qstring) of the textview component, and other information of the FileBrower object, such as: the type information of the FileBrower object is widget, when the assembly service management module applies service type loading assemblies, the type information is analyzed and a series of loading event signals are sent to the FileBrowerComponent assembly, and the object is appointed to be inherited to QWidget by an event processing function corresponding to the FileBrowerComponent assembly; if the file brower object parent information is specified as textview computer element, Window, the layout position information is specified as 0,0, and the parent information of the file brower object is loaded and parsed, the file brower object of the file brower computer element is fused with the Window object of the textview computer element, and is prevented from being located at the position of Window object 0, 0. In fig. 3, the component of the content description file is textviewer component, the object list is an array, and the object names are Window, TextEdit, MenuBar, EditMenu, CutAction, CopyAction, pastaction, and ClearAction, respectively, where the property windows of the Window object is Text Viewer, maxiumwidth is 800, minium height is 600, and the like.
In the above embodiment, the object content description file in xml format may be characterized by json format, and similarly, the object content description file in json format may be characterized by xml format. However, when the object content description file is represented in json format, the text can be internationally translated using qsTr () of Qt.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural image diagram of the object tree ObjectTree of the present software. The root node of the object tree node ObjectTreeNode is Application, which refers to the instance of the Application software system, and the other object tree nodes refer to the path of the object in the Application software system, and the path name is divided by point. For example: the path of the FileBrower object of the content description file shown in fig. 2 in the object tree structure is expressed as application. Objects at the same level should have only unique names in the object tree structure, e.g., objects at the textviewer component level should have only unique passactionon names. But objects of different hierarchies may have the same name.
Fig. 5 shows a series of event signal flows sent when the components of the software architecture system are loaded, and when the functional FileBrowerComponent function component to which fig. 2 belongs is loaded, the ApplicationService class delegates the eventsdispatccher class to send a series of component enable event signals according to the loaded component information, and reflects the signals to the FileBrowerComponent function component to execute the corresponding event processing function, for example: executing a set file loading event processing function to read the relevant settings of the component from the set file, wherein if no relevant settings exist, the processing function can be a null operation, and the set file can be read from files such as text or registry information (of a Window system); executing the object content description file loading event processing function, from the file path of the object content file which needs to be parsed, the ApplicationService class parses all objects of the object content file and stores the object pointer in the ObjectMap, the ObjectTree registers the object in the ObjectTree according to the input operation signal of the ObjectMap, meanwhile, the ApplicationService class delegates the EventsDispatcher class to send the object fusion event, the filebrower component executes the corresponding event processing function, and the like, for example: the FileBrower object according to the content description file shown in fig. 2 is fused with the Window object of the content description file shown in fig. 3, and the FileBrower object places the 0,0 coordinates of the Window object according to the layout position information. When the post-activation time event handling function is executed, the FileBrowerComponent functional service component is fully enabled by the Applicationservice class. Similarly, the ApplicationService class loads and enables the textviewwercomponent and other functional service components.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the flow of event signals sent when a component of the software architecture system is disabled, for example, a FileBrowerComponent component is removed, the Applicationservice class sends a series of component disabling event signals according to the removing information delegation Events class, the Applicationservice class reflects the event signals to the FileBrowerComponent functional service component to execute a corresponding event processing function before the component is disabled, for example, an execution setting file removing event processing function writes the relevant setting information of the component into a text or registry file, and the function can execute a null operation if there is no relevant setting; at the same time, the ApplicationService class deletes the object pointer from the object container and the monitoring module ObjectMap, the object tree structure module deletes the object from the ObjectTree, and at the same time, the ApplicationService class entrusts the EventsDispatcher class to send the object release event, and the FileBrowerComponent service executes the corresponding event processing function. When post-end event processing is performed, the FileBrowerComponent functional business component is completely deactivated by the Applicationservice class. Similarly, the ApplicationService class loads and deactivates textviewwercomponent and the like functional service components.
The textvieweconponent function business component is disabled in this flow.
As a preferred scheme, the event processing function may output related information and the like by using a logging module according to the technical scheme of the present invention.
As a preferred scheme, the software architecture system provides an object IPC communication module for encapsulating a TCP transmission control protocol, so that different objects of the native software and the Internet-based software can be mutually called and carry out data communication and the like. Firstly, an S1 event signal is contained in an A application software system, an S1 event processing function is contained in an object in a B application software system and is declared to be a public type, and the object allowReomotAccess, true information, is added in an object content description file of the B application software system; then, the event signal containing S1 in the a application software system is connected to the event processing function containing S1 in the B application software system. Thus, when two applications are running, as long as the S1 event signal included in the a application system is transmitted, the S1 event handling function in the B application system is activated and executed, and so on.
Obviously, the object tree and the object content description file in the described embodiment may be characterized by files in other formats.
The above embodiments only express specific examples to explain the principle and the implementation of the present application, and the description thereof is specific and detailed to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific implementation and application scope, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for implementing a component-based software system architecture, the component-based software system architecture comprising: the system comprises an object tree structure module, an object container and a monitoring module thereof, an object content description file, an event distribution module and a component service management module; the object tree structure module is a module and a path relation mode of an object contained in the module in an application program, the object container and a monitoring module thereof are used for storing an object pointer, the object content description file is an object list and related information of the module registered in the object tree structure module, the event distribution module is used for sequentially distributing a series of module enabling event signals or module disabling event signals when the module is enabled or disabled by the application program, and the module service management module is combined with the object container and the monitoring module thereof to realize the functions of loading, unloading, activating, suspending, searching for services and managing the module of the application program object tree structure module.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a log recording module and an object IPC communication module, wherein the log recording module satisfies the relevant information output during the software operation process, and the object IPC communication module is used for function call and communication between different local applications and different computer or server applications in the local area network.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the component service management module parses the object content description file specified by the component when loading the component and stores the object pointer and its related information in the object container and its monitoring module, the object container sends corresponding signals when performing insert and delete operations, and the object tree structure module receives the monitoring signals and performs corresponding object registration and deregistration operations.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the object tree structure module is a logical relationship schema of components and their containing registered objects, the object tree structure is a finite set of one or more nodes, each node representing a component loaded in the application and its related information of the component containing object, comprising: the node name, the node path, the object pointer and the information container, wherein the node name of the node in the same level should be unique; the path of a node is the logical relationship of the node in the object tree structure of the application, and the node hierarchy of the path is divided by points.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object container and the monitoring module thereof are mainly used for managing objects and services on which the application program runs, the application program is integrated by a plurality of components, each component comprises a plurality of objects, the object container can effectively manage the objects and cross-dependencies between different objects thereof, and the module can monitor external requests of the object container to perform corresponding operations of insertion, deletion and destruction and send corresponding event signals.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the component service management module delegates the event distribution module to distribute event signals enabling and disabling components, the component service management module reflects the event signals to the functional service components, the service components execute corresponding event processing functions, and the component service management module, in combination with the object container and its monitoring module and the object tree structure module, implements component loading, unloading, activation, suspension, and lookup operations, implementing effective and flexible dynamic management and hot plug functions for all components of the large desktop application and their object resources.
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