CN108955981B - Method and device suitable for measuring wall shear stress of rotating boundary layer - Google Patents
Method and device suitable for measuring wall shear stress of rotating boundary layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for measuring the wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, which is characterized in that a probe is preset; rotating the boundary layer wall by a preset probeMeasuring the speeds at different preset distances, and transmitting the obtained multiple measurement results; selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and linearly fitting the speed function; the velocity gradient obtained for the linear fitting operation is measured by translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless operation. The method does not need to carry out any treatment on the wall surface, does not influence the flow near the wall surface, can realize the measurement of the wall surface truncation stress, and is simple and convenient; can simultaneously realize the wall surface shear stress tauwAnd determining the wall surface distance y; the adopted miniaturized test system can realize the measurement of the wall surface shear stress under the rotation condition and has high efficiency and usability of application. The invention also discloses a device suitable for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of test and measurement, in particular to a method and a device suitable for measuring wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer.
Background
In the study of rotating machines, wall shear stress is a very important quantity. Under the conventional static condition, due to the large installation space, the shear stress can be measured by adopting various methods. However, under rotating conditions, measurement of wall shear stress has been a difficult problem due to limited space.
In a conventional method for measuring the wall shear stress, a film sensor is generally used for measuring the wall shear stress, but in order to prevent the film sensor from influencing the wall flow, a groove is generally formed in the wall, the film sensor is embedded into the groove, the outer surface of the film sensor is ensured to be flush with the wall, and then the influence on the flow near the wall is eliminated. However, the method needs special grooving treatment on the wall surface of the channel, and is more complex; this method is more difficult to implement, particularly in the case of wall heating, since a heating device also needs to be arranged.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring the wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, which are suitable for solving the problems of the conventional technology. Specifically, in the present disclosure, in order to solve the problem of wall shear stress measurement in a rotary machine, the present disclosure proposes a method suitable for measuring wall shear stress of a rotary boundary layer, specifically, a rotary boundary layer wall shear stress measurement method based on a linear underlayer assumption. The method utilizes a boundary layer hot wire probe, a displacement mechanism, a small CTA module, a small digital-to-analog conversion module, a slip ring current leading device and a computer to measure the speed of the boundary layer under the rotation condition, and finally calculates the wall shear stress through the linear bottom layer hypothesis. By the method, the wall surface can be measured without any treatment and influence on the flow near the wall surface, and the method is simple and convenient; at the same time, the wall surface shear stress tau can be realizedwAnd determining the wall surface distance y; furthermore, the adopted miniaturized test system can realize the measurement of the wall surface shear stress under the rotation condition.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, where the method includes: presetting a probe; measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results; selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function; and the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation, hypothesis estimation and non-dimensionalization operation in sequence to complete measurement.
In one embodiment, the presetting of the probe comprises: and fixedly arranging the boundary layer hot wire probe above the displacement mechanism through a strut, and fixedly arranging the boundary layer hot wire probe at a preset distance on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer.
In one embodiment, the measuring the speed of the rotating boundary layer wall at a plurality of different preset distances by the preset probe comprises: the speed of a point nearest to the rotating boundary layer wall surface is measured by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe, and the speed of a point farthest from the rotating boundary layer wall surface is measured by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: and measuring the speed of a plurality of points in the middle of the nearest point and the farthest point of the rotating boundary layer wall surface by the preset boundary layer heat ray probe.
In one embodiment, the transmitting the obtained measurement results includes: and transmitting the obtained multiple measurement results to a computer through the CTA module, the digital-to-analog conversion module and the slip ring current leading device in sequence.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: checking whether the coordinate points on the speed function selected for performing the linear fitting operation are all coincided with all coordinate points within a preset range; if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for the linear fitting operation are all overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range, the speed gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation in sequence, and the rotary boundary layer wall shear stress obtained by estimation is assumed to be the real rotary boundary layer wall shear stress.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for the linear fitting operation are not completely overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range, the speed function of the coordinate points in the preset range is selected to sequentially pass through translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless circulating operation until the real wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer and the vertical coordinate corresponding to the wall shear stress are obtained.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer in the first aspect.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for measuring a wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, where the apparatus includes: the setting module is used for presetting the probe; the measuring and transmitting module is used for measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through the preset probe and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results; the fitting processing module is used for selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function; and the measuring module is used for completing measurement on the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation through translation, hypothesis estimation and non-dimensionalization operations in sequence.
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, wherein a probe is preset; measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results; selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function; and the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation, hypothesis estimation and non-dimensionalization operation in sequence to complete measurement. The method comprises the steps of measuring the speed of a boundary layer under a rotating condition by utilizing a boundary layer hot wire probe, a displacement mechanism, a small CTA module, a small digital-to-analog conversion module, a slip ring current-leading device and a computer, and finally calculating by assuming a linear bottom layerAnd (4) generating wall surface shear stress. By the method, the wall surface can be measured without any treatment and influence on the flow near the wall surface, and the method is simple and convenient; at the same time, the wall surface shear stress tau can be realizedwAnd determining the wall surface distance y; furthermore, the adopted miniaturized test system can realize the measurement of the wall surface shear stress under the rotation condition and has high efficiency and usability of application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for measuring shear stress of a wall of a rotating boundary layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the following will describe in detail a specific embodiment of the method and apparatus for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer according to the present invention by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer in an embodiment. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
And 104, measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measurement results.
In one embodiment, measuring the velocity of the rotating boundary layer wall at a plurality of different preset distances by a preset probe comprises: the speed of a point nearest to the rotating boundary layer wall surface is measured by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe, and the speed of a point farthest from the rotating boundary layer wall surface is measured by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe.
Further, the method for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer according to the present disclosure further includes: the velocities of a plurality of points in the middle of the nearest point and the farthest point to the rotating boundary layer wall surface are measured by a boundary layer heat probe set in advance.
In addition, it should be further noted that transmitting the obtained multiple measurement results includes: the obtained multiple measurement results are transmitted to a computer sequentially through a CTA (Constant Temperature thermal Anemometer) module, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a slip ring current leading device. Therefore, the efficiency and the usability of the computer for acquiring the measurement result in real time are improved.
And 106, selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in the area closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function.
And step 108, finishing measurement on the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation through translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless operation in sequence.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer, further comprising: checking whether the coordinate points on the speed function selected for linear fitting operation are all overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range; if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for the linear fitting operation are all overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range, the speed gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation in sequence, and the obtained shear stress of the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer is assumed to be real shear stress of the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer.
In addition, it should be noted that, the method for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer according to the present disclosure further includes: if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for linear fitting operation are not completely overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range, the speed function of the coordinate points in the preset range is selected to sequentially pass through translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless circulation operation until the real rotating boundary layer wall shear stress and the vertical coordinate corresponding to the real rotating boundary layer wall shear stress are obtained.
To further understand and utilize the present disclosure for a suitable rotating boundary layer wall shear stress measurement method, the following example is made. It should be noted that the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
Specifically, the disclosure relates to the field of boundary layer speed measurement of a rotating turbomachine, and particularly relates to a rotating boundary layer wall shear stress measurement method based on linear bottom layer assumption. The rotating boundary layer wall shear stress measuring method based on the linear bottom layer hypothesis comprises the following steps:
firstly, fixing the boundary layer probe on a displacement mechanism through a support rod, and placing the probe at a position close to the wall surface, wherein the distance from the wall surface is assumed to be y0(ii) a Secondly, the speed (v) of the first point near the wall surface is transmitted to a stationary computer through a small CTA (Constant Temperature Anemometer) module, a small digital-to-analog conversion module and a slip ring current guider0) Assuming that the first point probe is close to the wall surface by a distance y0。
Further, the heat ray probe is moved to a position away from the wall surface by a distance Δ y (y) under the control of the displacement mechanism1) Measuring the velocity v again1(ii) a Further, the above-described process is repeated until the velocity y of the distance to the principle-adequate wall surface is measuredn,vn。
The velocity (v) obtained as described above0,v1···vn) And distance (y)0,y1···yn) Selecting a nearly linear distribution of velocities (v) in the region near the wallm～vt) Carrying out linear fitting on the velocity gradient to obtain a velocity gradient; translating the y-coordinate system (y) so that the fitted straight line can pass through the origin (y'0,y’1···y’nWherein y'0＝y+y0)。
It will be appreciated that the velocity gradient is assumed to be a linear underlayer velocity gradient, and wall shear stress is initially estimated based on the velocity gradient (
vm<v<vt,y’m<y’<y’t). Note that τ iswIs the wall shear stress, where the top right hand corner is marked with a symbol representing the result of the first iteration, and where μ is the viscosity coefficient of the fluid. The translated y coordinate (y ') is subjected to wall shear stress according to the preliminary estimation'0,y’1···y’n) And velocity v (v)0,v1···vn) Dimensionless, i.e. obtaining dimensionless
It should be noted that, in the first dimensionless result, where y + represents the distance between the dimensionless measuring point and the wall surface, ρ represents the density, and v of the denominator represents the hydrodynamic viscosity; in the second result of obtaining dimensionless, U + represents dimensionless velocity, wherein the numerator v in the formula represents velocity.
Finally, the coordinate point (v) at the speed chosen for fitting the straight line is checkedm<v<vt,y’m<y’<y’t) Whether or not to be in a range of 3.5 < y with all+Coordinate points in the range of < 5 all coincide. If so, the previously obtained wall shear stress is the true wall shear stress, and the translated y-coordinate is the true y-coordinate. If not, all are selected to be 3.5 < y+And repeating the steps of translating, supposing estimation and calculating to obtain dimensionless coordinates at the speed of the coordinate point within the range of less than 5 until the real wall shear stress and the y coordinate are obtained.
The invention provides a method for measuring the wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, which is suitable for presetting a probe;measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results; selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function; and the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation, hypothesis estimation and non-dimensionalization operation in sequence to complete measurement. The method utilizes a boundary layer hot wire probe, a displacement mechanism, a small CTA module, a small digital-to-analog conversion module, a slip ring current leading device and a computer to measure the speed of the boundary layer under the rotation condition, and finally calculates the wall shear stress through the linear bottom layer hypothesis. The method can realize the measurement of the wall surface truncation stress without any treatment on the wall surface and influencing the flow near the wall surface, and is simple and convenient; at the same time, the wall surface shear stress tau can be realizedwAnd determining the wall surface distance y; furthermore, the adopted miniaturized test system can realize the measurement of the wall surface shear stress under the rotation condition and has high efficiency and usability of application.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a device suitable for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer. Because the principle of solving the problems of the device is similar to that of the method suitable for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer, the implementation of the device can be realized according to the specific steps of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer in one embodiment. The device 10 for measuring the wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer comprises: a setup module 100, a measurement and transmission module 200, a fitting processing module 300 and a measurement module 400.
The setting module 100 is used for presetting a probe; the measurement and transmission module 200 is configured to measure the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmit a plurality of obtained measurement results; the fitting processing module 300 is configured to select a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to a wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and perform linear fitting operation on the speed function; the measurement module 400 is configured to perform measurement on the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation sequentially through the translation, the hypothesis estimation, and the non-dimensionalization operations.
The invention provides a device suitable for measuring the wall shear stress of a rotating boundary layer, which is characterized in that firstly, a probe is preset through a setting module; measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe by the measuring and transmitting module, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results; selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in the area closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through the fitting processing module, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function; and finally, the velocity gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation is subjected to translation, hypothesis estimation and non-dimensionalization operation by the measurement module to complete measurement. The device utilizes boundary layer hot wire probe, displacement mechanism, small-size CTA module, small-size digital-to-analog conversion module, slip ring electricity-inducing device and computer, measures boundary layer speed under the rotation condition, finally through linear bottom hypothesis, calculates wall shear stress. The method can realize the measurement of the wall surface truncation stress without any treatment on the wall surface and influencing the flow near the wall surface, and is simple and convenient; at the same time, the wall surface shear stress tau can be realizedwAnd determining the wall surface distance y; furthermore, the adopted miniaturized test system can realize the measurement of the wall surface shear stress under the rotation condition and has high efficiency and usability of application.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program, which is executed by the processor of fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program product containing the instruction. Which when run on a computer causes the computer to perform the method of fig. 1 described above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring shear stress of a wall surface of a rotating boundary layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
presetting a probe;
wherein the presetting of the probe comprises: fixedly arranging a boundary layer hot wire probe above the displacement mechanism through a support rod, and fixedly arranging the boundary layer hot wire probe at a preset distance on the wall surface of a rotating boundary layer;
measuring the speeds of a plurality of different preset distances on the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer through a preset probe, and transmitting a plurality of obtained measuring results;
wherein, the measuring the speed of a plurality of different preset distances of the rotating boundary layer wall surface through the preset probe comprises: measuring the speed of a point closest to the rotating boundary layer wall surface by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe, and measuring the speed of a point farthest from the rotating boundary layer wall surface by a preset boundary layer heat ray probe;
wherein the transmitting the obtained plurality of measurement results comprises: the obtained measurement results are transmitted to a computer sequentially through a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer module, a digital-analog conversion module and a slip ring current-leading device;
selecting a section of linearly distributed speed function in a region closest to the wall surface of the rotating boundary layer, and performing linear fitting operation on the speed function;
the velocity gradient obtained by linear fitting operation is subjected to translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless operation in sequence to complete measurement;
further comprising: measuring the speed of a plurality of points in the middle of the nearest point and the farthest point of the rotating boundary layer wall surface by the preset boundary layer hot-wire probe;
further comprising: checking whether the coordinate points on the speed function selected for performing the linear fitting operation are all coincided with all coordinate points within a preset range; if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for the linear fitting operation are all overlapped with all coordinate points in a preset range, sequentially translating the speed gradient obtained by the linear fitting operation, and assuming that the obtained wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer is estimated as real wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer;
further comprising: if the coordinate points on the speed function selected for the linear fitting operation are not completely overlapped with all the coordinate points in the preset range, the speed function of the coordinate points in the preset range is selected to sequentially pass through translation, hypothesis estimation and dimensionless circulating operation until the real wall shear stress of the rotating boundary layer and the vertical coordinate corresponding to the wall shear stress are obtained;
wherein, the boundary layer probe is fixed on the displacement mechanism through the support rod, and the probe is arranged at a position close to the wall surface, and the assumed distance from the wall surface is y0(ii) a Near the wall for probe measurementsThe speed is transmitted to a stationary computer through a small constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer module, a small digital-to-analog conversion module and a slip ring current-leading device, so that the speed v of a first point near the wall surface is realized0Assuming that the first point probe is close to the wall surface by a distance y0；
Under the control of the displacement mechanism, the hot wire probe is moved to a position far away from the wall surface by a distance of delta y to obtain y1Measuring the velocity v again1；
The above process is repeated until a velocity v is measured which is sufficiently far from the wall surfacen；
Selecting a section of speed close to linear distribution in the area close to the wall surface according to the obtained speed and distance, and performing linear fitting on the speed to obtain a speed gradient;
translating the y-coordinate system so that the fitted straight line can pass through the origin;
assuming that the velocity gradient is a linear bottom velocity gradient, and preliminarily estimating the wall shear stress according to the velocity gradient
τwIs the wall shear stress, where the top right hand corner symbol represents the result of the first iteration, and where μ is the viscosity coefficient of the fluid;
dimensionless is carried out on the translated y coordinate and the velocity v according to the preliminarily estimated wall shear stress, namely dimensionless is obtained
In the first result of obtaining dimensionless, where y + represents the distance of the dimensionless measuring point from the wall, ρ represents the density, and v in the denominator represents the hydrodynamic viscosity; in obtaining a second result that is dimensionless, U + represents a dimensionless velocity, wherein the numerator v in the formula represents the velocity;
checking if the coordinate points at the speed chosen for fitting the line lie with all points at 3.5 < y+All coordinate points within the range of less than 5 coincide; if so, itThe wall surface shear stress obtained in the previous step is the real wall surface shear stress, and the y coordinate after translation is the real y coordinate; if not, all are selected to be 3.5 < y+And repeating the steps of translating, supposing estimation and calculating to obtain dimensionless coordinates at the speed of the coordinate point within the range of less than 5 until the real wall shear stress and the y coordinate are obtained.
2. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as claimed in claim 1.
3. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the steps of the method of claim 1 are implemented when the program is executed by the processor.
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