CN108953508B - Gear box of numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Gear box of numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN108953508B CN108953508B CN201811080232.7A CN201811080232A CN108953508B CN 108953508 B CN108953508 B CN 108953508B CN 201811080232 A CN201811080232 A CN 201811080232A CN 108953508 B CN108953508 B CN 108953508B
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- shaft
- gear
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- box body
- sliding gear
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/083—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
- B23Q5/12—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
- F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
- F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
- F16H2061/308—Modular hydraulic shift units, i.e. preassembled actuator units for select and shift movements adapted for being mounted on transmission casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
- F16H2063/324—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks characterised by slide shoes, or similar means to transfer shift force to sleeve
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a gear box of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises a box body, and an input shaft assembly, an output shaft assembly, a cylinder assembly, a shifting fork assembly and a sliding gear assembly which are arranged in the box body; the cylinder assembly comprises a bidirectional cylinder body, a left piston rod, a right piston rod and a signal induction shaft; the shifting fork assembly comprises a shifting fork shaft, a shifting fork and a stopping shaft; the sliding gear assembly comprises a spline shaft, a first sliding gear, a second sliding gear, a third sliding gear and a fourth sliding gear; the input shaft assembly is positioned on one side of the sliding gear assembly, and the output shaft assembly is matched with the other side of the sliding gear assembly; the sliding gear component is connected with the input shaft component and the output shaft component under the stirring of the shifting fork. The invention has high degree of automation, can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool, ensures the machining precision of the machine tool, has stable and reliable use performance and high cost performance, and can generate good social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to a gear box of a numerical control machine tool.
Background
The simple numerical control horizontal lathe with the workpiece rotation diameter of 400-500 mm is a lathe with large market occupation amount, large cutting torque, wide application and excellent cost performance, the market price of the lathe is 8-9 ten thousand yuan/table, the lathe has a defect that a main spindle box adopts manual high, medium and low three-gear shifting and internal motor variable frequency speed shifting, the rotating speed ranges are respectively (162-1620 rpm) (66-660 rpm) (21-210 rpm), the process is suspended and the main spindle stops rotating when the large-range rotating speed of a machining disc sleeve type workpiece is changed, the manual operation is switched between the high, medium and low three gears, and then the process is started again, so that the production efficiency and the operation are reduced, the humanization degree is low, and the defect is particularly obvious when one person operates multiple machines.
The machine tool is similar to a machine tool in the market, a main shaft adopts automatic speed change, the speed of a variable frequency motor in gear is changed through clutch gear shifting of an electromagnetic clutch or a hydraulic cylinder, the price is 10.5-12.8 ten thousand yuan/table, the cost performance is inferior to that of a simple numerical control horizontal lathe, and the market demand is very small. If the price of the simple numerical control horizontal lathe is kept basically unchanged, and the main shaft is automatically shifted and stepless speed change in gears is certainly greatly improved, the automatic speed change processing of disc sleeve parts at 20-160 rpm of the main shaft can be realized, the efficiency and the operation are improved, the humanization is beneficial, the automation degree is high, and the operation can be realized by one person and multiple machines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides the numerical control machine tool gear box which has simple and reasonable structural design, can effectively improve the machining efficiency of a machine tool, ensures the machining precision of the machine tool, has stable and reliable use performance and high cost performance and can generate good social benefit.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the gear box of the numerical control machine tool comprises a box body, and an input shaft assembly and an output shaft assembly which are arranged in the box body; the gearbox further comprises a cylinder assembly, a shifting fork assembly and a sliding gear assembly which are arranged on the inner side of the box body;
the cylinder assembly comprises a bidirectional cylinder body, a left piston rod, a right piston rod and a signal induction shaft; the bidirectional cylinder body is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left end of the box body; one end of the left piston rod extends into the inner side of the left end of the bidirectional cylinder body, the other end extends out of the left end of the box body, and a signal induction shaft is arranged at the extending end; one end of the right piston rod extends into the inner side of the right end of the bidirectional cylinder body, and the other end of the right piston rod is connected with the shifting fork component in a matching way;
the shifting fork assembly is matched and positioned on one side of the cylinder assembly in the horizontal direction and comprises a shifting fork shaft, a shifting fork and a stopping shaft; one end of the shifting fork shaft penetrates into the inner wall of the right end of the box body, and the other end of the shifting fork shaft is connected with the top end of the right piston rod in a matched mode; the shifting fork is fixed on the shifting fork shaft, and one end of the shifting fork is connected with the stopping shaft; the shifting fork synchronously moves along with the right piston rod in the horizontal direction; the stop shaft horizontally penetrates through the upper end of the shifting fork and is in sliding fit with the upper end of the shifting fork;
the sliding gear assembly is matched and positioned at one side of the shifting fork assembly and comprises a spline shaft, a first sliding gear, a second sliding gear, a third sliding gear and a fourth sliding gear; the spline shaft is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the box body; the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear and the third sliding gear are sequentially arranged on the spline shaft from left to right through U-shaped keys; a sliding groove is formed in the left part of the first sliding gear along the circumferential radial direction; the other end of the shifting fork is in sliding fit with the left and right inner groove walls of the sliding groove; the fourth sliding gear is connected to the outer part of the left end of the second sliding gear; the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear, the third sliding gear and the fourth sliding gear form a moving pair integrally, and the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear, the third sliding gear and the fourth sliding gear synchronously move in place on the spline shaft along the axial direction by the shifting fork;
the input shaft assembly is matched and positioned on one side of the sliding gear assembly, and the output shaft assembly is matched and positioned on the other side of the sliding gear assembly; the sliding gear assembly is matched and connected with the input shaft assembly and the output shaft assembly under the stirring of the shifting fork.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: the input shaft assembly comprises an input shaft, an input shaft bearing, a first input gear, a second input gear and an input belt pulley; the input shaft is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the box body, and the left end of the input shaft penetrates through the left side wall of the box body and extends out of the box body; the left end of the input shaft is connected with the left side wall of the box body through the input shaft bearing, and the right end of the input shaft is connected with the right side wall of the box body through the other input shaft bearing; the first input gear and the second input gear are arranged on the input shaft in a matching way; the first input gear is in matched engagement with the one sliding gear, and the second input gear is in matched engagement with the second sliding gear; the input belt pulley is arranged at the left end of the input shaft extending out of the box body in a matched mode, and the input belt pulley is connected with the power output end of the external variable frequency main motor in a matched mode through a belt.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: the output shaft assembly comprises an output shaft, a first output gear, a second output gear and a third output gear; the output shaft is of a hollow shaft structure and horizontally penetrates through the inner side of the box body, and a rotary oil cylinder pull rod is arranged on the inner side of the output shaft in an axial matching manner; the right end of the output shaft penetrates through the right side wall of the box body, and the penetrating end is provided with a common chuck connecting flange or a hydraulic chuck connecting flange; the left end of the output shaft penetrates through the left side wall of the box body, and a rotary oil cylinder connecting flange is arranged at the penetrating end; the first output gear and the second output gear are sequentially arranged on the output shaft in a matching way from left to right; the first output gear is in matched engagement with the fourth sliding gear; the second output gear is in matched engagement with the third sliding gear; the third output shaft gear is arranged on the shaft body, the left end of the output shaft is positioned in the left side of the box body in a matching mode.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: the gear box of the numerical control machine tool also comprises a rotary oil cylinder and a bidirectional rotor pump; the rotary oil cylinder is arranged on the rotary oil cylinder connecting flange in a matching way; the bidirectional rotor pump is arranged at the lower side of the output shaft in a matching way and is positioned in the box body, and the power output end of the bidirectional rotor pump is provided with an encoder shaft; one end of the encoder shaft is connected to the left part of the box body through a bearing, and the other end of the encoder shaft is connected with the power output end of the bidirectional rotor pump in a matching way; the encoder shaft is provided with an encoder shaft gear in a matching way and is in matching engagement with the third output shaft gear through the encoder shaft gear.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: a sensor bracket is arranged on the outer wall of the left end of the box body in a matching way; two proximity sensors are installed on the left side and the right side of the sensor bracket in a matching mode; the outer wall of the left end of the box body is provided with a pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic triple piece; one end of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with an external air pressure source, and the other end of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve in a matching mode.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: the bidirectional cylinder body is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left end of the box body; the left cavity and the right cavity are respectively connected with two air pipes of the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve through two air pipe connectors; after compressed air enters the left cavity of the bidirectional cylinder body through the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, the left piston rod and the right piston rod synchronously move rightward together so as to realize engagement and speed change switching of the sliding gear assembly.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: one end of the left piston rod extending to the outer side of the left end of the box body is also provided with an induction shaft bracket; the induction shaft bracket moves along with the left piston rod; the signal induction shaft is installed at the end part of the induction shaft bracket in a matching way.
The gear box of the numerical control machine tool, wherein: the middle section of the shifting fork is fixed on the shifting fork shaft through an elastic clamping ring for the shaft.
The beneficial effects are that:
the gear box of the numerical control machine tool has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, stable performance, few faults and convenient maintenance, can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool and ensure the machining precision of the machine tool, has stable and reliable service performance and high cost performance, has high degree of automation, and can reduce the number of operators of the machine tool and generate good social benefit when the current one-man-multi-machine operation becomes a trend.
The air source of the invention is the compressed air with the shop stock of 0.4-0.6Mpa, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and the production cost of the machine tool (if the oil cylinder is selected for gear shifting and speed change, the hydraulic station is required to be configured for about 0.25 ten thousand yuan/station, the power and hydraulic oil consumption is also required, the failure rate is also more, and the manual chuck is not required to be configured for some users. The invention makes the machine tool become a machine tool with high degree of automatic processing, when the same part is processed, the rotating speed in the range of 20-1600rpm is programmed in the numerical control program to ensure that the main shaft automatically changes speed, thereby meeting the cutting of low roughness value when the main shaft is at high speed, and meeting the cutting of high torque and high metal removal rate when the main shaft is at low speed, and having high processing precision and efficiency; the cost performance is far better than that of the original manual three-gear spindle speed change (speed change of a variable frequency motor in a gear) and the semi-automatic degree is low; when the same part is machined by the original manual three-gear machine tool, the main shaft is stopped when the main shaft is changed in a large range, the program is paused, the manual gear shifting is performed, and the program machining is started again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a right side view of a gear box of a numerical control machine tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gear box of the numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the gear box of the numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention taken in the direction B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the partial structure of the gear box of the numerical control machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the gear box of the numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention taken along the direction C-C in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the gear box of the numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention taken along the direction F-F in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of the gear box of the numerical control machine of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the gear box of the numerical control machine tool of the present invention in the region D in fig. 7.
In the figure: the hydraulic encoder comprises a box body 1, a cylinder 2, a shifting fork 3, a shifting fork 4, a shifting fork 5, an output shaft 6, a bidirectional rotor pump 7, a rotary 8 cylinder, a cylinder 11, a sensor 12, a sensor 13, a proximity sensor 13, a pneumatic two-position four-way solenoid valve 14, a pneumatic three-way piece 15, a bidirectional cylinder 21, a left piston rod 22, a right piston rod 23, a sensing shaft 24, a signal sensing shaft 25, a gas pipe joint 211, a shifting fork 31, a shifting fork 32, a shifting 33, a hinging shaft 231, a matched pin 232, a locking shaft blanking cover 331, a spline shaft 41, a first sliding gear 42, a second sliding gear 43, a third sliding gear 44, a fourth sliding gear 411, a first bearing 412, a second bearing 413, a right end blanking cover of the spline shaft 414M20, a compression screw 415, an input shaft 51, an input shaft 52 input shaft bearing 53 first input gear, a second input gear 54, a 55 input pulley 56 spacer sleeve, a 61 output shaft 62 first output gear 63 second output gear, a third output gear 64, a third output shaft 611, a rotary chuck, a rotary encoder cylinder 612, a rotary encoder flange shaft 614, a rotary encoder flange shaft 72, and a rotary encoder.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the gear box of the numerical control machine tool comprises a box body 1, a cylinder assembly 2, a shifting fork assembly 3, a sliding gear assembly 4, an input shaft assembly 5, an output shaft assembly 6, a bi-directional rotor pump 7 and a rotary oil cylinder 8.
The inside of the box body 1 is provided with an accommodating space, the inside of the box body is close to the middle section and vertically extends to form an assembly wall 11, and the left end and the right end are of a closed structure; wherein, the outer wall of the left end of the box body 1 is also provided with a sensor bracket 12 in a matching way; two proximity sensors 13 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the sensor bracket 12 in a matching way; meanwhile, the outer wall of the left end of the box body 1 is also provided with a pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 14 and a pneumatic triple piece 15; one end of the pneumatic triplet 15 is connected with an external air pressure source, and the other end is matched with a pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 14.
The cylinder assembly 2 is installed inside the left end of the box body 1 in a matching way, and comprises a bidirectional cylinder body 21, a left piston rod 22, a right piston rod 23, a sensing shaft bracket 24 and a signal sensing shaft 25.
The bidirectional cylinder block 21 is positioned at the inner side of the box body 1 and horizontally and fixedly arranged at the inner side of the left end of the box body 1, the left cavity and the right cavity of the bidirectional cylinder block 21 are respectively communicated with two air pipe joints 211, and the air pipe joints 211 are connected with two air pipes of the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 14; when compressed air enters the left cavity of the bidirectional cylinder block 21, the left piston rod 22 and the right piston rod 23 synchronously move rightward, so that the engagement and the speed change switching of the sliding gear assembly 4 are realized.
One end of the left piston rod 22 extends into the inner side of the left end of the bidirectional cylinder block 21, the other end extends out of the left end of the box body 1, and an induction shaft bracket 24 is arranged at the extending end; the sensing shaft bracket 24 moves together with the left piston rod 22, and the signal sensing shaft 25 is fittingly mounted to an end of the sensing shaft bracket 24 and is adjustable in position. When the signal sensing shaft 25 moves to be coincident with the axial position of the proximity sensor 13 positioned on the right side of the sensor support 12, the numerical control system receives the in-place signal of the proximity sensor 13 positioned on the right side of the sensor support 12, and the numerical control system automatically executes the next program.
One end of the right piston rod 23 extends into the inner side of the right end of the bidirectional cylinder body 21, and the other end of the right piston rod is connected with the shifting fork assembly 3 in a matching way.
The fork assembly 3 is mounted inside the case 1 and includes a fork shaft 31, a fork 32 and a stop shaft 33. One end of the shifting fork shaft 31 movably penetrates into the inner wall of the right end of the box body 1, and the other end of the shifting fork shaft movably penetrates through the assembly wall 11 of the box body 1 and is matched and connected with the top end of the right piston rod 23 of the bidirectional cylinder 21 through a hinge connection shaft 231 and a matching pin 232. The shifting fork 32 is fixed on the shifting fork shaft 31 through an elastic clamping ring for a shaft, and one end of the shifting fork is connected with a stopping shaft 33; the fork 32 moves synchronously in the horizontal direction with the right piston rod 23 of the bi-directional cylinder 21. The stopping shaft 33 is horizontally arranged in the box 1 and is matched and positioned above the shifting fork shaft 31, horizontally passes through the upper end of the shifting fork 32 and is in sliding fit with the upper end of the shifting fork 32; the axial one end of the stopper shaft 33 is fixedly connected to the fitting wall 11 of the case 1. The other axial end is connected to the right side wall of the case 1 and is axially fixed by a stopper shaft cap 331 mounted on the end.
The sliding gear assembly 4 is installed inside the case 1 and is matched with the shifting fork assembly 3 on one side, and comprises a spline shaft 41, a first sliding gear 42, a second sliding gear 43, a third sliding gear 44 and a fourth sliding gear 45. Wherein, the spline shaft 41 is horizontally arranged at the inner side of the box body 1, one end of the spline shaft 41 is connected with the assembly wall 11 of the box body 1 through a first bearing 411, the other end of the spline shaft is connected with the right side wall of the box body 1 through a second bearing 412, and the end of the spline shaft is covered by a spline shaft right end blanking cover 413 correspondingly fixed on the outer wall of the right side of the box body 1; the spline shaft right end plug 413 and the M20 jackscrew 414 are matched and fixed on the outer ring right side end of the second bearing 412 by the retaining compression screw 415, so that the outer ring of the second bearing 412 is axially fixed. The first slipping gear 42, the second slipping gear 43 and the third slipping gear 44 are sequentially installed on the spline shaft 41 from left to right through a U-shaped key; a sliding groove is formed in the left part of the first sliding gear 42 along the circumferential radial direction; the other end of the shifting fork 32 is in sliding fit with the left and right inner groove walls of the sliding groove at the left part of the first sliding gear 42; the fourth sliding gear 45 is connected to the left end outside of the second sliding gear 43 by a flat key and a screw; the first, second, third and fourth slip gears 42, 43, 44 and 45 are integrally formed as a shift pair, and are axially synchronously moved into position (low gear) on the spline shaft 41 by the fork 32 of the fork assembly 3. When the first slipping gear 42, the second slipping gear 43, the third slipping gear 44 and the fourth slipping gear 45 are synchronously moved to the left on the spline shaft 41 by the shifting fork 32 axially (high gear), the signal sensing shaft 25 coincides with the axial position of the proximity sensor 13 positioned on the left side of the sensor support 12, the numerical control system receives the signal of the positioning of the proximity sensor 13 positioned on the left side of the sensor support 12, and the numerical control system automatically executes the next program.
The input shaft assembly 5 is mounted inside the housing 1 and is located on the side of the slip gear assembly 4 in a mating relationship, and includes an input shaft 51, an input shaft bearing 52, a first input gear 53, a second input gear 54, and an input pulley 55.
The input shaft 51 is horizontally arranged at the inner side of the box body 1, the left end of the input shaft passes through the left side wall of the box body 1 and extends out of the box body 1, the middle shaft body passes through the assembly wall 11 of the box body 1, the right end of the input shaft is connected with the right side wall of the box body 1, and the end part of the input shaft is axially fixed with the bearing outer ring through an input shaft right end blanking cover, an M20 jackscrew and a thin gland which are correspondingly fixed on the outer wall of the right side of the box body 1; the left end of the input shaft 51 is connected to the left side wall of the casing 1 through a pair of input shaft bearings 52 (2), the middle shaft body is connected to the assembly wall 11 of the casing 1 through one input shaft bearing 52, and the right end is connected to the right side wall of the casing 1 through one input shaft bearing 52. The first input gear 53 and the second input gear 54 are fitted in sequence from left to right on the shaft body of the input shaft 51 located between the fitting wall 11 and the right side wall of the casing 1: meanwhile, a spacer 56 is sleeved on the shaft body of the input shaft 51 between the left axial end of the first input gear 53 and the assembly wall 11 of the box body 1, another spacer 56 is sleeved on the shaft body of the input shaft 51 between the right axial end of the first input gear 53 and the left axial end of the second input gear 54, and a spacer 56 is sleeved on the shaft body of the input shaft 51 between the right axial end of the second input gear 54 and the right side wall of the box body 1. The first input gear 53 is in mating engagement with the first slipping gear 42 of the slipping gear assembly 4 and the second input gear 54 is in mating engagement with the second slipping gear 43 of the slipping gear assembly 4. The input pulley 55 is mounted on the left end of the input shaft 51 extending out of the case 1 in a matching manner, and is connected with the power output end of the external variable frequency main motor in a matching manner through a belt.
The output shaft assembly 6 is arranged on the inner side of the box body 1 and is matched on the other side of the sliding gear assembly 4, and comprises an output shaft 61, a first output gear 62, a second output gear 63 and a third output shaft gear 64; the output shaft 61 horizontally penetrates through the inner side of the box body 1 and is of a hollow shaft structure, a rotary oil cylinder pull rod 611 is installed on the inner side of the output shaft 61 in an axial matching manner, a common chuck connecting flange 612 or a hydraulic chuck connecting flange 613 is installed at the penetrating end of the right end of the output shaft 61 penetrating through the right side wall of the box body 1, a rotary oil cylinder connecting flange 614 is installed at the penetrating end of the left end of the output shaft 61 penetrating through the left side wall of the box body 1, a rotary oil cylinder 8 is connected to the output shaft 61 in a matching manner through the rotary oil cylinder connecting flange 614, and a third output shaft gear 64 is installed on a shaft body of which the left end of the output shaft 61 is positioned in the left side of the box body 1; the first output gear 62 and the second output gear 63 are sequentially and matingly arranged on the right shaft body of the output shaft 61 from left to right; the first output gear 62 is in mating engagement with the fourth slipping gear 45 of the slipping gear assembly 4; the second output gear 63 is in mating engagement with the third slip gear 44 of the slip gear assembly 4. When the gear is shifted up, the numerical control system instructs the external variable frequency motor and the belt to enable the input belt pulley 55 of the input shaft assembly 5 to drive the input shaft 51 to rotate at 30rpm + -30 DEG, so that the first sliding gear 42, the second sliding gear 43, the third sliding gear 44 and the fourth sliding gear 45 are smoothly meshed with the first input gear 53, the second input gear 54, the first output gear 62 and the second output gear 63.
The bidirectional rotor pump 7 is arranged in a box body at one side of the input belt pulley 55 near the input shaft assembly 5 in a matching way, and the power output end of the bidirectional rotor pump is provided with an encoder shaft 71; one end of the encoder shaft 71 is connected to the left part of the case 1 (i.e., the left side wall of the case 1 and the extending wall inside the left side) through a bearing, and the other end is connected to the power output end of the bi-directional rotor pump 7 in a matching manner; the encoder shaft 71 is fitted with an encoder shaft gear 72 and is engaged with a third output shaft gear on the left end shaft body of the output shaft 61 by the encoder shaft gear 72.
The gear shifting principle of the invention:
when the gear box of the numerical control machine shifts to a low-speed gear of 20-320rpm under the instruction of a numerical control system, the shifting fork 32 of the shifting fork assembly 3 shifts the first sliding gear 42, the second sliding gear 43, the third sliding gear 44 and the fourth sliding gear 45 to synchronously move rightwards, the second input gear 54 on the input shaft 51 and the second sliding gear 43 on the spline shaft 41 realize first-stage speed reduction, the third sliding gear 44 on the spline shaft 41 and the second output gear 63 of the output shaft 61 realize second-stage speed reduction, the low-speed gear transmission of a gear pair is realized, and the rotating speed of 20-320rpm is realized by an external variable frequency main motor according to the numerical control program instruction of the numerical control system.
When the gear box of the numerical control machine shifts to a high-speed gear of 320-1600rpm under the instruction of a numerical control system, the shifting fork 32 of the shifting fork assembly 3 shifts the first sliding gear 42, the second sliding gear 43, the third sliding gear 44 and the fourth sliding gear 45 to synchronously move leftwards, the first input gear 53 on the input shaft 51 and the first sliding gear 42 on the spline shaft 41 realize first-stage speed change, the fourth sliding gear 45 on the spline shaft 41 and the first output gear 62 of the output shaft 61 realize second-stage speed change, the high-speed gear transmission of a gear pair is realized, and the rotating speed of 320-1600rpm is realized by an external variable frequency main motor according to the numerical control program instruction of the numerical control system.
The invention has simple and reasonable structural design, can effectively realize the machining efficiency of the machine tool, ensures the machining precision of the machine tool, has stable and reliable use performance and high cost performance, and can generate good social benefit.
Claims (8)
1. A gear box of a numerical control machine comprises a box body, and an input shaft assembly and an output shaft assembly which are arranged in the box body; the method is characterized in that: the gearbox further comprises a cylinder assembly, a shifting fork assembly and a sliding gear assembly which are arranged on the inner side of the box body;
the cylinder assembly comprises a bidirectional cylinder body, a left piston rod, a right piston rod and a signal induction shaft; the bidirectional cylinder body is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left end of the box body; one end of the left piston rod extends into the inner side of the right end of the bidirectional cylinder body, the other end extends out of the left end of the box body, and a signal induction shaft is arranged at the extending end; one end of the right piston rod extends into the inner side of the right end of the bidirectional cylinder body, and the other end of the right piston rod is connected with the shifting fork component in a matching way;
the shifting fork assembly is matched and positioned on one side of the cylinder assembly in the horizontal direction and comprises a shifting fork shaft, a shifting fork and a stopping shaft; one end of the shifting fork shaft penetrates into the inner wall of the right end of the box body, and the other end of the shifting fork shaft is connected with the top end of the right piston rod in a matched mode; the shifting fork is fixed on the shifting fork shaft, and one end of the shifting fork is connected with the stopping shaft; the shifting fork synchronously moves along with the right piston rod in the horizontal direction; the stop shaft horizontally penetrates through the upper end of the shifting fork and is in sliding fit with the upper end of the shifting fork;
the sliding gear assembly is matched and positioned at one side of the shifting fork assembly and comprises a spline shaft, a first sliding gear, a second sliding gear, a third sliding gear and a fourth sliding gear; the spline shaft is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the box body; the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear and the third sliding gear are sequentially arranged on the spline shaft from left to right through U-shaped keys; a sliding groove is formed in the left part of the first sliding gear along the circumferential radial direction; the other end of the shifting fork is in sliding fit with the left and right inner groove walls of the sliding groove; the fourth sliding gear is connected to the outer part of the left end of the second sliding gear; the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear, the third sliding gear and the fourth sliding gear form a moving pair integrally, and the first sliding gear, the second sliding gear, the third sliding gear and the fourth sliding gear synchronously move in place on the spline shaft along the axial direction by the shifting fork;
the input shaft assembly is matched and positioned on one side of the sliding gear assembly, and the output shaft assembly is matched and positioned on the other side of the sliding gear assembly; the sliding gear assembly is matched and connected with the input shaft assembly and the output shaft assembly under the stirring of the shifting fork.
2. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the input shaft assembly comprises an input shaft, an input shaft bearing, a first input gear, a second input gear and an input belt pulley;
the input shaft is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the box body, and the left end of the input shaft penetrates through the left side wall of the box body and extends out of the box body; the left end of the input shaft is connected with the left side wall of the box body through the input shaft bearing, and the right end of the input shaft is connected with the right side wall of the box body through the other input shaft bearing;
the first input gear and the second input gear are arranged on the input shaft in a matching way; the first input gear is in matched engagement with the first sliding gear, and the second input gear is in matched engagement with the second sliding gear; the input belt pulley is arranged at the left end of the input shaft extending out of the box body in a matched mode, and the input belt pulley is connected with the power output end of the external variable frequency main motor in a matched mode through a belt.
3. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the output shaft assembly comprises an output shaft, a first output gear, a second output gear and a third output gear;
the output shaft is of a hollow shaft structure and horizontally penetrates through the inner side of the box body, and a rotary oil cylinder pull rod is arranged on the inner side of the output shaft in an axial matching manner; the right end of the output shaft penetrates through the right side wall of the box body, and the penetrating end is provided with a common chuck connecting flange or a hydraulic chuck connecting flange; the left end of the output shaft penetrates through the left side wall of the box body, and a rotary oil cylinder connecting flange is arranged at the penetrating end;
the first output gear and the second output gear are sequentially arranged on the output shaft in a matching way from left to right; the first output gear is in matched engagement with the fourth sliding gear; the second output gear is in matched engagement with the third sliding gear; the third output gear is installed on the shaft body, located in the left side of the box, of the left end of the output shaft in a matching mode.
4. A numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the gear box of the numerical control machine tool also comprises a rotary oil cylinder and a bidirectional rotor pump; the rotary oil cylinder is arranged on the rotary oil cylinder connecting flange in a matching way; the bidirectional rotor pump is arranged at the lower side of the output shaft in a matching way and is positioned in the box body, and the power output end of the bidirectional rotor pump is provided with an encoder shaft; one end of the encoder shaft is connected to the left part of the box body through a bearing, and the other end of the encoder shaft is connected with the power output end of the bidirectional rotor pump in a matching way; the encoder shaft is provided with an encoder shaft gear in a matching way and is in matching engagement with the third output gear through the encoder shaft gear.
5. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 1, wherein: a sensor bracket is arranged on the outer wall of the left end of the box body in a matching way; two proximity sensors are installed on the left side and the right side of the sensor bracket in a matching mode; the outer wall of the left end of the box body is provided with a pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic triple piece; one end of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with an external air pressure source, and the other end of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve in a matching mode.
6. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the bidirectional cylinder body is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left end of the box body; the left cavity and the right cavity are respectively connected with two air pipes of the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve through two air pipe connectors; after compressed air enters the left cavity of the bidirectional cylinder body through the pneumatic two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, the left piston rod and the right piston rod synchronously move rightward together so as to realize engagement and speed change switching of the sliding gear assembly.
7. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 1, wherein: one end of the left piston rod extending to the outer side of the left end of the box body is also provided with an induction shaft bracket; the induction shaft bracket moves along with the left piston rod; the signal induction shaft is installed at the end part of the induction shaft bracket in a matching way.
8. The numerically controlled machine tool gear box as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the middle section of the shifting fork is fixed on the shifting fork shaft through an elastic clamping ring for the shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811080232.7A CN108953508B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Gear box of numerical control machine tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811080232.7A CN108953508B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Gear box of numerical control machine tool |
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| CN108953508A CN108953508A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108953508B true CN108953508B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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| CN201811080232.7A Active CN108953508B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Gear box of numerical control machine tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112628365A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-09 | 崔志辉 | Penetration type multi-gear sequential transmission |
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| US5974907A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-11-02 | Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd. | Machine tool transmission with an improved gear shifting device |
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| CN103644288A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 无锡京华重工装备制造有限公司 | Gearbox structure |
| CN204403293U (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-06-17 | 山东永华机械有限公司 | The two shift fork machine tool chief axis two of single splined shaft keeps off gearbox |
| CN208734820U (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-04-12 | 李宝森 | A kind of numerically-controlled machine tool speed-changing gear box |
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2018
- 2018-09-17 CN CN201811080232.7A patent/CN108953508B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1121632A (en) * | 1966-01-14 | 1968-07-31 | Brown Gear Ind | A new or improved variable-speed gearbox |
| US5974907A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-11-02 | Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd. | Machine tool transmission with an improved gear shifting device |
| CN101592211A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-02 | 浙江长泰机械有限公司 | Light automobile speed variator with main and auxiliary box |
| CN102563058A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-11 | 上海三一精机有限公司 | Transmission and numerical-control machine tool |
| CN103644288A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 无锡京华重工装备制造有限公司 | Gearbox structure |
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| CN108953508A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
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