CN108952698A - Crack shearing slip measuring method - Google Patents

Crack shearing slip measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108952698A
CN108952698A CN201810750330.0A CN201810750330A CN108952698A CN 108952698 A CN108952698 A CN 108952698A CN 201810750330 A CN201810750330 A CN 201810750330A CN 108952698 A CN108952698 A CN 108952698A
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Prior art keywords
crack
physical model
fiber grating
shearing slip
measuring method
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CN201810750330.0A
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CN108952698B (en
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张广清
林灿坤
庄建满
吕延军
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of crack shearing slip measuring method, this method comprises: preparing the physical model of fracture-type reservoir;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and fiber grating are equipped in the physical model, the prefabricated crack is connected with the liquid outlet of the simulation wellbore hole, and the inlet of the simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside;The confining pressure that the physical model is placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform is intracavitary, and loads specified confining pressure to the physical model;Fracturing fluid is injected into the physical model via the inlet, and obtains crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect using the fiber grating.The crack shearing slip amount that fracture-type reservoir physical model is measured under laboratory condition indoors may be implemented in the embodiment of the present application, can be damaged with recognizing and alleviating the set in fractured horizontal well.

Description

Crack shearing slip measuring method
Technical field
This application involves hydraulic fracturing modelling technique fields, more particularly, to a kind of crack shearing slip measuring Method.
Background technique
Shale has the characteristics that porosity is low low with permeability, and the successful exploitation of shale gas depends on hydraulic fracturing technology. Hydraulic fracturing technology is to make wherein to generate fracture network abundant by injecting a large amount of highly pressurised liquids into reservoir, improves reservoir Permeability realizes the commercial scale exploitation of shale gas.In the construction process especially in the hydraulic fracturing process of shale gas exploitation In, set damage happens occasionally, and seriously affects shale gas exploitation efficiency, this becomes the one of the major reasons of limitation shale gas development.
Studies have shown that the dominant mechanism for covering damage in pressing crack construction is reservoir sliding, non uniform ground stress, casing eccentricity, page Reservoir hunch caused by rock anisotropy, formation lithology heterogeneity etc. are multifactor.Most of researcher thinks that hydraulic fracturing produces Raw reservoir sliding is the main reason for causing set damage phenomenon, but can for how to measure that crack displacement vector there is no at present Capable scheme.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present application is designed to provide a kind of crack shearing slip measuring method, is tested indoors with realizing The crack shearing slip amount of fracture-type reservoir physical model is measured under the conditions of room.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of crack shearing slip measuring method, comprising:
Prepare the physical model of fracture-type reservoir;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and optical fiber light are equipped in the physical model Grid, the prefabricated crack are connected with the liquid outlet of the simulation wellbore hole, and the inlet of the simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside;
The confining pressure that the physical model is placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform is intracavitary, and loads to the physical model specified Confining pressure;
Fracturing fluid is injected into the physical model via the inlet, and obtains the object using the fiber grating Manage crack shearing slip amount of the model under fracturing fluid effect.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the prefabricated crack are flake structure.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the axis of the simulation wellbore hole and the prefabricated crack Place plane oblique.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the fiber grating are located at the table in the prefabricated crack On face, and the extending direction of the fiber grating is parallel with plane where the prefabricated crack.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the physical model is interior to be equipped with lateral fiber grating group And longitudinal fiber grating group, the transverse direction fiber grating group include at least two disposed in parallel for detecting transverse crack shearing The fiber grating of slippage, the longitudinal direction fiber grating group include at least two disposed in parallel for detecting longitudinal crack shearing The fiber grating of slippage.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the material of the main structure of the physical model are water Cement mortar.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, cement and quartz sand weight ratio in the cement mortar For 1:1.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, further includes:
Crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect is being obtained using the fiber grating While, pressure curve and real-time display of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect are generated in real time;
Terminate to measure when the pressure curve reaches and maintains preset measurement termination condition, terminates fracturing fluid injection And unload confining pressure.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, after the unloading confining pressure, further includes:
From the confining pressure intracavitary taking-up physical model and cutting is carried out, is expanded with the crack inside intuitive institute's physical model Open up configuration;Prolong perpendicular to plane where the prefabricated crack, and with the fiber grating in the cutting direction of the cutting It is parallel to stretch direction.
The crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the elasticity modulus and pool of the material in the prefabricated crack Loose ratio meets preset requirement.
As can be seen from the technical scheme provided by the above embodiments of the present application, it is measured in the crack shearing slip of the embodiment of the present application In amount method, the physical model of fracture-type reservoir is prepared first;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and optical fiber light are equipped in physical model Grid, prefabricated crack are connected with the liquid outlet of simulation wellbore hole, and the inlet of simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside;Secondly physical model is set It is intracavitary in the confining pressure of hydraulic fracturing model platform, and specified confining pressure is loaded to physical model;Then via inlet to physics mould Fracturing fluid is injected in type, and obtains crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect using fiber grating, thus Realize the crack shearing slip amount that fracture-type reservoir physical model is measured under laboratory condition indoors, thus available understanding and Alleviate the set damage in fractured horizontal well.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property Under, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the crack shearing slip measuring method of one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 2 is the mold structure diagram that the physical model of fracture-type reservoir is prepared in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 3 is the crack shearing slip measurement schematic diagram based on fiber grating in one embodiment of the application.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation Example is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field is common The application protection all should belong in technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts Range.Such as in being described below, second component is formed above the first component, may include the first component and second component It can also include the first component and second component in a manner of non-direct contact (i.e. the with the embodiment that the direct way of contact is formed Can also include additional component between one component and second component) embodiment etc. that is formed.
Moreover, for ease of description, some embodiments of the application can be used such as " in ... top ", " ... under ", The spatially relative terms such as " top ", " lower section ", with description such as each element shown in the drawings of embodiment or component and another Relationship between (or other) element or component.It should be understood that space is opposite other than the orientation described in the attached drawing Term also aims to the different direction including device in use or operation.If such as the device in attached drawing is reversed, and is described For the element or component of " " other elements or component " below " or " under ", it will then be positioned as " " other elements or portion Part " top " or " on ".
Therefore, the hydraulic fracture shearing slip amount for measuring two type cracks, to understanding hydraulic fracturing process, verifying hydraulic fracture Model takes specific aim measure alleviation set damage to be of great significance
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of experimental method of indoor optical-fibre measurement crack shearing slip amount, to understanding and Alleviating horizontal well set damage has certain directive significance.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 1, the crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application may comprise steps of:
S101, the physical model for preparing fracture-type reservoir;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and light are equipped in the physical model Fine grating, the prefabricated crack are connected with the liquid outlet of the simulation wellbore hole, and the inlet of the simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside.
In one embodiment of the application, the physical model for preparing fracture-type reservoir be may include steps of:
1), mold is assembled.
In one exemplary embodiment of the application, the mold after assembly can be as shown in Figure 2.In Fig. 2, mold 1 be can be The cubic space surrounded by bottom plate, left plate, right side plate, foreboard and backboard.It is set in the cubic space that the mold 1 surrounds It is equipped with simulation wellbore hole 5, prefabricated crack 4 and fiber grating 3.The prefabricated crack 4 is connected with the liquid outlet of the simulation wellbore hole 5, The inlet 2 of the simulation wellbore hole 5 is in communication with the outside, in order to fracturing fluid injection.
2), die casting.
In one embodiment of the application, after completing assembled mold, the cement mortar being sufficiently stirred can be poured into assembly In good mold, and it is submerged in prefabricated crack and fiber grating in cement mortar completely.In addition, may be used also in casting process To carry out vibration service to the cement mortar in mold by vibratory equipment, so that the closely knit combination of cement mortar, to eliminate water Phenomena such as voids and pits of cement mortar, improves its intensity.
In one exemplary embodiment of the application, preferably, cement and quartz sand weight ratio are 1 in the cement mortar: 1.In the application another exemplary embodiment, to avoid generating differential settlement in physical model aquation condensation process, may be used also Suitable early strength agent to be added in cement mortar.
3), mold is removed.
In one embodiment of the application, after the cement mortar in mold 1 sufficiently solidifies, remove mold 1, that is, form with The physical model of the fracture-type reservoir of structure based on cement mortar.In another embodiment of the application, physical model can be set Several days (such as 28 days), and intermittent water seasoning are conserved at shady and cool ventilation, so that it is strong so that physical model is more met design Degree.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2, the prefabricated crack 4 can be flake structure.It is more preferable in order to reach Effect, the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of the material in the prefabricated crack 4 can satisfy preset requirement, such as the prefabricated crack The elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of 4 material, should be close with the elasticity modulus of physical model main structure material and Poisson's ratio as far as possible. In addition, in one exemplary embodiment of the application, on the basis of comprehensively considering elasticity modulus, Poisson when cost of manufacture, institute The material for stating prefabricated crack 4 can choose plastics etc..It is described prefabricated to split as shown in Fig. 2, in one exemplary embodiment of the application Seam 4 can be about 12mm, the plastic disks that thickness is about 2mm for diameter.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2, being put down where the axis of the simulation wellbore hole 5 and the prefabricated crack 4 Face oblique can be conducive to inside the physical model so under the action of fracturing fluid relative to prefabricated 4 surface of crack Sliding laterally and/or longitudinally is formed, and then convenient for detection crack shearing slip amount.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2, the fiber grating 3 can be bonded and fixed to the prefabricated crack 4 On surface, and the extending direction of the fiber grating 3 is parallel with the prefabricated 4 place plane of crack, in order to which fiber grating 3 can It is effectively detected with fracture shearing slip amount.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2, lateral fiber grating group and longitudinal direction can be equipped in the physical model Fiber grating group, the transverse direction fiber grating group may include at least two disposed in parallel for detecting transverse crack shearing slip The fiber grating 3 of amount, the longitudinal direction fiber grating group include at least two disposed in parallel for detecting longitudinal crack shearing cunning The fiber grating 3 of shifting amount.In this way, the crack shearing in the 4 place plane of prefabricated crack on any direction not only may be implemented Slippage detection, can also improve detection accuracy.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2, the both ends of each fiber grating 3 can respectively with in-between section It is pierced by the physical model in the crooked radian greater than 90 degree, fractures or damages to avoid caused by 3 angle too small of fiber grating Wound.
S102, the confining pressure that the physical model is placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform are intracavitary, and add to the physical model Carry specified confining pressure.
In one embodiment of the application, to enable ground locating for the physical model more real simulation fracture-type reservoir to push Force environment, before injecting fracturing fluid, the confining pressure that the physical model can be placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform is intracavitary, and to institute It states physical model and loads specified confining pressure.Wherein, the specified confining pressure can be set as needed.
In one embodiment of the application, existing any suitable hydraulic fracturing model is may be selected in hydraulic fracturing model platform Platform.Such as in one exemplary embodiment of the application, hydraulic fracturing model platform be can be selected as notification number is Large scale rock three-axis force property test device disclosed in CN203869957U etc..Correspondingly, the physical model Length × width × height can choose as 300mm × 300mm × 300mm specification, also can according to need to be selected as physical model Specification, without as limit.
S103, fracturing fluid is injected into the physical model via the inlet, and is obtained using the fiber grating Crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect.
In one embodiment of the application, the crack shearing slip amount is inside the physical model relative to the thin slice The displacement of body structure surface laterally and/or longitudinally slided.
In one embodiment of the application, the process for injecting fracturing fluid into the physical model via the inlet is Fracturing process.With the continuous injection of fracturing fluid, pressure is gradually increased in the physical model, after pressure increase is to certain value By pressure break, the physical model pressure starts to fall after rise the physical model, when pressure is fallen after rise and maintains minimum crustal stress, With regard to achievable pressure break.In one embodiment of the application, the fracturing fluid can be water etc..The minimum crustal stress can be one A preset value.
In one embodiment of the application, the crack shearing slip measuring method can also include: described in the utilization While fiber grating obtains crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect, in real time described in generation Pressure curve and real-time display of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect.Correspondingly, reaching and tieing up to the pressure curve Holding can terminate to measure in preset measurement termination condition, terminate fracturing fluid and inject and unload confining pressure.Wherein, the measurement terminates Condition for example can fall after rise for pressure and maintain minimum crustal stress.
In one embodiment of the application, after step s 103, the crack shearing slip measuring method can be with Include the following steps:
1), the physical model is taken out from the confining pressure is intracavitary;
2) cutting, is carried out to the physical model, configuration is extended with the crack inside the intuitive physical model, also It can be used for verifying the obtained crack shearing slip amount of fiber grating.Wherein, the cutting direction of the cutting is perpendicular to described pre- Plane where crack processed, and it is parallel with the extending direction of the fiber grating.
In one embodiment of the application, as shown in figure 3, when showing to slide relative to crack inside physical model, Fiber grating can detecte the deformation generated in glide direction, to detect the crack shearing slip amount that optical signal indicates. By the modem corresponding with fiber grating, the crack shearing slip indicated with optical signal that fiber grating can be detected Quantitative change changes the crack shearing slip amount indicated with electric signal into, and the data for being suitable for the host computers such as computer save and processing.
In one embodiment of the application, the light source of the modem can be laser broad-spectrum light source, to guarantee light source Stable radiation.In one exemplary embodiment of the application, the modem for example can be MOI Si155 type modulatedemodulate Adjust device.
In the crack shearing slip measuring method of the embodiment of the present application, the physics mould of fracture-type reservoir is prepared first Type;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and fiber grating are equipped in physical model, prefabricated crack is connected with the liquid outlet of simulation wellbore hole, The inlet of simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside;Secondly the confining pressure for physical model being placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform is intracavitary and right Physical model loads specified confining pressure;Then fracturing fluid is injected into physical model via inlet, and obtained using fiber grating Crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect, measures Fractured under laboratory condition indoors to realize The crack shearing slip amount of reservoir model, so that available understanding and the set alleviated in fractured horizontal well damage.It can be seen that this The crack shearing slip measuring method of application embodiment is to understanding hydraulic fracturing process, verifying hydraulic fracture model, and adopts It takes specific aim measure to alleviate set damage etc. to be of great significance.
It should also be noted that, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability Include, so that the method or apparatus for including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also including not clear The other element listed, or further include the element intrinsic for this method or apparatus.In the feelings not limited more Under condition, the element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in process, method or equipment including the element In there is also other identical elements.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and related place is referring to side The part of method embodiment illustrates.
The above description is only an example of the present application, is not intended to limit this application.For those skilled in the art For, various changes and changes are possible in this application.All any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present application are equal Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of crack shearing slip measuring method characterized by comprising
Prepare the physical model of fracture-type reservoir;Simulation wellbore hole, prefabricated crack and fiber grating, institute are equipped in the physical model It states prefabricated crack to be connected with the liquid outlet of the simulation wellbore hole, the inlet of the simulation wellbore hole is in communication with the outside;
The confining pressure that the physical model is placed in hydraulic fracturing model platform is intracavitary, and encloses to physical model load is specified Pressure;
Fracturing fluid is injected into the physical model via the inlet, and obtains the physics mould using the fiber grating Crack shearing slip amount of the type under fracturing fluid effect.
2. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the prefabricated crack is thin slice knot Structure.
3. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the axis of the simulation wellbore hole with Plane oblique where the prefabricated crack.
4. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fiber grating is located at described On the surface in prefabricated crack, and the extending direction of the fiber grating is parallel with plane where the prefabricated crack.
5. shearing slip measuring method in crack as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that be equipped with cross in the physical model To fiber grating group and longitudinal fiber grating group, the transverse direction fiber grating group includes at least two disposed in parallel for detecting The fiber grating of transverse crack shearing slip amount, the longitudinal direction fiber grating group include at least two disposed in parallel for detecting The fiber grating of longitudinal crack shearing slip amount.
6. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the main body knot of the physical model The material of structure is cement mortar.
7. shearing slip measuring method in crack as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in the cement mortar cement and Quartz sand weight ratio is 1:1.
8. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
The same of crack shearing slip amount of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect is being obtained using the fiber grating When, pressure curve and real-time display of the physical model under fracturing fluid effect are generated in real time;
Terminate to measure when the pressure curve reaches and maintains preset measurement termination condition, terminates fracturing fluid and inject and unload Carry confining pressure.
9. shearing slip measuring method in crack as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that after the unloading confining pressure, also Include:
From the confining pressure intracavitary taking-up physical model and cutting is carried out, it is whole with the crack extension inside intuitive institute's physical model Volume morphing;The cutting direction of the cutting is perpendicular to plane where the prefabricated crack, and the extension side with the fiber grating To parallel.
10. shearing slip measuring method in crack as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the material in the prefabricated crack Elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio meet preset requirement.
CN201810750330.0A 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Measuring method for shear slippage of crack Active CN108952698B (en)

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CN110700822A (en) * 2019-10-27 2020-01-17 东北石油大学 Hydraulic pulse oil extraction and crack monitoring experiment simulation device
CN111155962A (en) * 2019-01-15 2020-05-15 王瀚艺 System and method for improving cased wellbore integrity
CN112485120A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-03-12 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Visual energy storage fracturing physical simulation test device and test method thereof
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CN116591653A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-15 西南石油大学 Dynamic monitoring method for natural cracks under true triaxial hydraulic fracturing and related equipment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109738609A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-05-10 武汉理工大学 Slide type rock burst shearing test system under energetic disturbance effect
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CN111155962B (en) * 2019-01-15 2022-02-08 王瀚艺 System and method for improving cased wellbore integrity
CN110593842A (en) * 2019-10-22 2019-12-20 西南石油大学 Method for determining hydraulic fracturing self-supporting fracture flow conductivity of shale reservoir through experiment
CN110700822A (en) * 2019-10-27 2020-01-17 东北石油大学 Hydraulic pulse oil extraction and crack monitoring experiment simulation device
CN113720693A (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-11-30 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Experimental device and experimental method for observing hydraulic fracture
CN112485120A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-03-12 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Visual energy storage fracturing physical simulation test device and test method thereof
CN112485120B (en) * 2020-10-12 2023-07-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Visual energy storage fracturing physical simulation test device and test method thereof
CN116591653A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-15 西南石油大学 Dynamic monitoring method for natural cracks under true triaxial hydraulic fracturing and related equipment

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