CN108952694B - Side pressure test device and method - Google Patents
Side pressure test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108952694B CN108952694B CN201810365266.4A CN201810365266A CN108952694B CN 108952694 B CN108952694 B CN 108952694B CN 201810365266 A CN201810365266 A CN 201810365266A CN 108952694 B CN108952694 B CN 108952694B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/008—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a side pressure test device and a side pressure test method, wherein the side pressure test device comprises the following steps: a hollow drill rod for containing a fluid medium, one end of the hollow drill rod extending from the ground surface, and the other end extending into the stratum; the probe is communicated with the hollow drill rod and is positioned in the target detection layer; the pressurizing device is used for generating pressure by compressing fluid medium in the hollow drill rod and transmitting the pressure to the probe so as to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer and deform the soil body; and the signal detection equipment is used for detecting side pressure data signals generated when the soil body around the probe deforms. The hollow drill rod is adopted to replace a flexible plastic (or nylon-fiber) pipeline in the prior art, so that the hollow drill rod is convenient to put into a drilled hole, and meanwhile, the detection precision and the target layer positioning accuracy are improved. The elastic outer membrane of the probe is composed of a nitrile rubber membrane, can bear high pressure of more than 25MPa, and can relieve the outward extension condition of the two ends of the outer membrane of the side pressure instrument when the pressure is large.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical mechanics, in particular to a side pressure test device and method.
Background
In the investigation work of physical and mechanical parameters of foundation rock and soil, a side pressure test is an in-situ horizontal load test, and the principle is that an expandable circular side pressure device is utilized in a drilling hole, the circular side pressure device is pressurized in a vertical drilling hole, and a hole wall soil body (soft rock) is deformed through expansion of the side pressure device, so that the stress-strain characteristic of the soil body (soft rock) is determined.
The pre-drilling type side pressure test equipment and method adopted at home and abroad at present have the following defects:
1. at present, flexible plastic (or nylon-fiber) pipelines are adopted by side pressure equipment, but as pre-drilling side pressure tests are mostly applicable to clay soil, silt soil, sand soil, gravelly soil, residual soil and soft rock stratum, a vertical drilling hole meeting the requirements is drilled by a drilling tool in advance, then a side pressure instrument is placed in a designed elevation in the drilling hole, and then the side pressure tests are carried out. However, in the case of complex actual exploration site conditions, when the probe of the side pressure instrument is placed in a drill hole, the probe is most likely to be blocked by partial broken stone, and a flexible pipeline cannot provide proper downward thrust so that the side pressure instrument is smoothly placed in a designated elevation;
2. the flexible plastic (or nylon-fiber) pipeline widely used at present can deform under the action of high-pressure liquid in the pipeline, particularly, the layer with larger burial depth is required to be longer, the deformation of the pipeline is larger under the action of high pressure, the total deformation is extremely obviously influenced by pressure change, and the accuracy of geophysical prospecting parameter calculation is greatly influenced; the flexible pipeline has certain bending in the borehole under the action of gravity, so that the accuracy of the detected target layer is affected, especially under the conditions that the target layer is deeper and the detected stratum is thinner;
3. the outer membrane structure of the existing bypass pressure instrument can bear lower pressure, and particularly a single-chamber probe. As shown in fig. 1, the appropriate pressure may cause a more uniform deformation of the outer membrane 100 of the single-chamber probe; however, when the pressure is high, the two ends of the outer membrane 100 of the single-chamber probe extend outwards, so that the real volume change of the soil body cannot be obtained, and the phenomenon becomes more obvious along with the increase of the hardness of the soil layer, so that errors are caused in calculation of data such as side pressure modulus, yield pressure, limiting pressure and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a side pressure test device and a side pressure test method, which adopt a hollow drill rod to replace a flexible plastic (or nylon-fiber) pipeline in the prior art, so that a probe can be conveniently placed in a drilled hole, and meanwhile, the detection precision and the target layer positioning accuracy are improved. In addition, the elastic outer membrane of the probe is composed of 3 layers of nitrile rubber membranes, two ends of the elastic outer membrane are reinforced and thickened by aramid fibers, high pressure of more than 25MPa can be borne, and the outward extending condition of two ends of the outer membrane of the side pressure instrument when the pressure is large can be relieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, a side pressure test apparatus is provided, comprising:
a hollow drill rod for containing a fluid medium, one end of the hollow drill rod extending from the ground surface, and the other end extending into the stratum;
the probe is connected with one end of the hollow drill rod extending into the stratum, is positioned in the target detection layer and is communicated with the hollow drill rod;
the pressurizing device is used for generating pressure by compressing fluid medium in the hollow drill rod and transmitting the pressure to the probe so as to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer and deform the soil body;
and the signal detection equipment is used for detecting side pressure data signals generated when the soil body around the probe deforms.
Preferably, the probe comprises:
the tail part of the probe is connected with one end of the hollow drill rod extending into the stratum and is communicated with the interior of the hollow drill rod;
the probe head is conical as a whole;
and an elastic outer membrane which can expand under the pressure of the fluid medium so as to cause the deformation of the target detection stratum soil body.
Preferably, the elastic outer film comprises a first elastic film, a second elastic film and a third elastic film which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
Preferably, the first elastic film and the second elastic film are nitrile rubber films, and the thickness of the first elastic film and the second elastic film is 2-3mm; and/or the third elastic film is a nitrile rubber film mixed with aramid fiber, and the thickness of the third elastic film is 2-3mm.
Preferably, a first reinforcing layer is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic outer film, which is close to one end of the tail part of the probe; and/or a second reinforcing layer is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic outer film, which is close to one end of the probe head.
Preferably, the first reinforcing layer is an aramid fiber, and the thickness of the first reinforcing layer is 1.2-2mm; and/or the second reinforcing layer is an aramid fiber, and the thickness of the second reinforcing layer is 1.2-2mm.
Preferably, the pressurizing device includes: a pressurizing unit; a piston rod, one end of which is connected to the pressurizing unit; the piston is arranged in the hollow drill rod, is connected with the other end of the piston rod, and has an outer diameter matched with the inner diameter of the hollow drill rod;
the piston rod is driven by the pressurizing unit to move up and down, so that the piston is driven to move up and down in the hollow drill rod, and the fluid medium is compressed in the downward movement process.
Preferably, the pressurizing apparatus further includes:
the plugging bolt is provided with an internal thread, is in threaded connection with one end of the hollow drill rod extending from the ground surface through the internal thread, and a through hole through which the piston rod passes is formed in the middle of the end cap of the plugging bolt.
Preferably, the hollow drill rod comprises a plurality of sub drill rod units which are connected end to end in sequence, and the upper end of the uppermost sub drill rod unit extends out of the ground surface; and the joint of two adjacent sub drill rod units is provided with a first gasket, and the first gasket is provided with a through hole through which the fluid medium can flow.
On the other hand, a side pressure test method is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, lifting a drill after hollow drilling;
s2, connecting the probe with a hollow drill rod;
s3, placing the probe into the drill hole and enabling the probe to be positioned in the target detection layer;
s4, injecting a fluid medium into the hollow drill rod to generate the initial pressure of the side pressure test;
s5, installing pressurizing equipment, applying pressure to the fluid medium through the pressurizing equipment, and transmitting the generated pressure to an elastic outer membrane of the probe so as to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer and deform the soil body;
and S6, closing the pressurizing equipment, discharging the fluid medium, taking out the hollow drill rod and the probe in sequence, and ending the side pressure test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the hollow rigid drill rod to replace a flexible plastic (or nylon-fiber) pipeline, is convenient for being put into a drill hole of a probe of a side pressure instrument, and particularly for a target detection layer with larger burial depth; under the complex actual exploration site conditions, when the probe of the side pressure instrument is put into a drill hole, partial broken stone is very likely to be blocked, and the rigid drill rod can provide proper downward thrust, so that the probe can be smoothly put into a designated elevation; compared with the existing flexible pipeline, the hollow drill rod provided by the invention has very small deformation under the action of high pressure, solves the problem that the flexible pipeline bends in a drilled hole under the action of gravity, improves the detection precision and the target layer positioning accuracy, and is especially suitable for a target detection layer with larger burial depth and thinner stratum; in addition, the probe elastic outer film adopted by the invention can bear high pressure of more than 25MPa, and can relieve the outward extension of the two ends of the outer film of the side pressure device when the pressure is large, thereby improving the measurement precision; meanwhile, the side pressure test device can be integrated with other exploration functions (drilling, formation resistivity test, acoustic logging, natural gamma logging and the like), so that the efficiency of investigation work of physical and mechanical parameters of foundation rock and soil is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the outer membrane of a prior art bypass pressure gauge at different pressures;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side pressure test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a blocking bolt according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a probe in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an elastic outer membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first reinforcing layer and a second reinforcing layer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
fig. 2 shows a side pressure test device in the present invention, specifically a high-pressure hydraulic pre-drilling side pressure test device, specifically including:
a rigid hollow drill rod 5 for containing a fluid medium 52 (e.g., clear water, etc.), and having one end extending from the surface and the other end extending into the formation; in this embodiment, the hollow drill rod 5 includes a plurality of sub-drill rod units 51 connected end to end in sequence, the upper end of the uppermost sub-drill rod unit 51 extends from the ground surface, and the rest of sub-drill rod units 51 are all located in the ground; a first gasket 1 is arranged at the joint of two adjacent sub drill rod units 51, and a through hole through which the fluid medium 52 can flow is formed in the middle of the first gasket 1; preferably, the first gasket 1 is a nitrile rubber gasket;
the probe 2 is connected with one end of the hollow drill rod 5 extending into the stratum, is positioned in the target detection layer and is communicated with the interior of the hollow drill rod 5; preferably, a second washer 1' is arranged at the connection part of the probe 2 and one end of the hollow drill rod 5 extending into the stratum, a through hole for the fluid medium 52 to pass through is formed in the middle of the second washer 1', the second washer 1' is preferably a nitrile rubber washer, and if a plurality of sub drill rod units 51 are arranged, the probe 2 is connected with the bottom end of the lowest sub drill rod unit 51;
a pressurizing device for applying pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer by applying pressure to the fluid medium 52 in the hollow drill rod 5 and transmitting the pressure to the probe 2 so as to deform the soil body of the target detection layer; specifically, the pressurizing device includes:
a pressurizing unit 10 (such as a cylinder, etc.); a piston rod 8 having one end connected to the pressurizing unit 10; the piston 11 is arranged in the hollow drill rod 5 and connected with the other end of the piston rod 11, and the outer diameter of the piston rod 11 is matched with the inner diameter of the hollow drill rod 5; the plugging bolt 12 is provided with internal threads, and is in threaded connection with one end of the hollow drill rod 5 extending from the ground surface through the internal threads, and as shown in fig. 3, a through hole 121 through which the piston rod 11 can pass is formed in the middle of the end cap of the plugging bolt 12, and in order to enhance the sealing effect, after the piston rod 11 passes through the through hole 121, a sealing element is adopted to seal a gap between the piston rod 11 and the through hole, and the sealing element is preferably a nitrile rubber gasket;
the piston rod 11 moves up and down under the driving of the pressurizing unit 10, thereby driving the piston 11 to move up and down inside the hollow drill rod 5 and compressing the fluid medium 52 in the downward movement process;
a pressure adjusting device connected to the pressurizing device for adjusting the pressure applied by the pressurizing device;
the signal detection equipment is used for detecting side pressure data signals generated when the soil body around the probe deforms; specifically, the signal detection device includes a signal transmission line 6 and a control system 7, one end of the signal transmission line 6 passes through the hollow drill rod 5 and then is connected with the probe 2, and the other end of the signal transmission line is connected with the control system, so that the detected side pressure data signal generated when the soil body around the probe deforms is transmitted to the control system 7 in real time, and is analyzed by the control system 7.
As shown in fig. 4, the probe 2 includes: a probe tail 21 which communicates with an end of the hollow drill rod 5 extending into the formation; a probe head 22 having a generally conical shape; the probe middle part 23 is hollow, the fluid medium 52 can enter the probe middle part 23 under the action of gravity and pressure, and a plurality of openings 231 are formed in the peripheral surface of the probe middle part 23; and an elastic outer membrane 24 which is sleeved outside the probe middle part 23, one end of the elastic outer membrane is connected with the probe tail part 21, the other end of the elastic outer membrane is connected with the probe head part 22, the fluid medium 52 flows out through the opening 231 and is expanded by applying pressure to the elastic outer membrane 24 so as to cause the deformation of the soil around the elastic outer membrane.
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 5, the elastic outer film 24 includes a first elastic layer disposed sequentially from inside to outside
A film 241, a second elastic film 242, and a third elastic film 243; wherein, the first elastic film 241 and the second elastic film 242 are nitrile rubber films, and the thickness is 2-3mm (preferably 2.5 mm); and/or the third elastic film 243 is a nitrile rubber film mixed with aramid fiber (i.e., poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide)) and has a thickness of 2-3mm (preferably 2.5 mm); further, as shown in fig. 6, a first reinforcing layer 244 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the elastic outer membrane 24 near one end of the probe tail 21; and/or the outer peripheral surface of the elastic outer membrane 24 near one end of the probe head 22 is wound with a second reinforcing layer 245; preferably, the first reinforcing layer 244 is an aramid fiber with a thickness of 1.2-2mm (preferably 1.5 mm); and/or the second reinforcing layer 244 is an aramid fiber having a thickness of 1.2-2mm (preferably 1.5 mm); therefore, the high pressure resistance of the elastic outer film 24 formed by the 3 layers of nitrile rubber films is realized, meanwhile, the two ends of the elastic outer film 24 are reinforced and thickened by aramid fiber, so that the thickness of the third elastic layer 243 on the outermost layer is thickened to 3.2-5.0 mm, and the outward extension deformation of the two ends of the elastic outer film 24 under the high pressure condition is effectively prevented.
Embodiment two:
the present embodiment also provides a bypass pressure test method implemented by the bypass pressure test device in the first embodiment, which includes the following steps:
s1, lifting a drill after hollow drilling;
s2, splicing the sub-drill rod units to form a hollow drill rod, and arranging a first gasket between two adjacent sub-drill rod units; connecting the probe with the bottommost sub drill rod unit, arranging a second gasket at the joint, connecting one end of a signal transmission line with the probe, and connecting the other end of the signal transmission line with a control system after penetrating through the hollow drill rod so that the hollow drill rod is connected with the signal detection equipment;
s3, placing the probe into the drill hole;
s4, injecting a fluid medium into the hollow drill rod to generate the initial pressure of the side pressure test;
s5, installing pressurizing equipment (comprising an installation piston and a plugging bolt), pressurizing the fluid medium through the pressurizing equipment, and transmitting the generated pressure to an elastic outer membrane of the probe, so that the elastic outer membrane of the probe expands outwards to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer to deform the soil body;
and S6, closing the pressurizing equipment, discharging the fluid medium, taking out the hollow drill rod and the probe in sequence, and ending the side pressure test.
It should be noted that the technical features in the first and second embodiments may be combined arbitrarily, and the combined technical solutions all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In summary, under the complex actual exploration site conditions, when the probe of the side pressure instrument is put into the drill hole, partial broken stone is very likely to be blocked, and the rigid drill rod can provide proper downward thrust, so that the probe can be smoothly put into a designated elevation; compared with the existing flexible pipeline, the hollow drill rod provided by the invention has very small deformation under the action of high pressure, solves the problem that the flexible pipeline bends in a drilled hole under the action of gravity, improves the detection precision and the target layer positioning accuracy, and is especially suitable for a target detection layer with larger burial depth and thinner stratum; in addition, the probe elastic outer film adopted by the invention can bear high pressure of more than 25MPa, and can relieve the outward extension of the two ends of the outer film of the side pressure device when the pressure is large, thereby improving the measurement precision; meanwhile, the side pressure test device can be integrated with other exploration functions (drilling, formation resistivity test, acoustic logging, natural gamma logging and the like), so that the efficiency of investigation work of physical and mechanical parameters of foundation rock and soil is greatly improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A side pressure test device, comprising:
a hollow drill rod for containing a fluid medium, one end of the hollow drill rod extending from the ground surface, and the other end extending into the stratum;
the probe is connected with one end of the hollow drill rod extending into the stratum, is positioned in the target detection layer and is communicated with the hollow drill rod; specifically, a second gasket is arranged at the joint of the probe and one end of the hollow drill rod extending into the stratum;
the probe comprises an elastic outer membrane which can expand under the pressure of the fluid medium to cause the deformation of the stratum soil body of the target detection stratum, and a first reinforcing layer is wound on the outer peripheral surface of one end of the elastic outer membrane, which is close to the tail part of the probe; and/or the outer peripheral surface of the elastic outer film, which is close to one end of the probe head, is wound with a second reinforcing layer, and the first reinforcing layer is made of aramid fiber, and the thickness of the first reinforcing layer is 1.2-2mm; and/or the second reinforcing layer is an aramid fiber, and the thickness of the second reinforcing layer is 1.2-2mm;
the pressurizing device is used for generating pressure by compressing fluid medium in the hollow drill rod and transmitting the pressure to the probe so as to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer and deform the soil body;
the signal detection equipment is used for detecting side pressure data signals generated when the soil body around the probe deforms;
the test method of the device comprises the following steps:
s1, lifting a drill after hollow drilling;
s2, connecting the probe with a hollow drill rod;
s3, placing the probe into the drill hole and enabling the probe to be positioned in the target detection layer;
s4, injecting a fluid medium into the hollow drill rod to generate the initial pressure of the side pressure test;
s5, installing pressurizing equipment, applying pressure to the fluid medium through the pressurizing equipment, and transmitting the generated pressure to an elastic outer membrane of the probe so as to apply pressure to the soil body of the target detection layer and deform the soil body;
and S6, closing the pressurizing equipment, discharging the fluid medium, taking out the hollow drill rod and the probe in sequence, and ending the side pressure test.
2. The lateral pressure test device of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises:
the tail part of the probe is connected with one end of the hollow drill rod extending into the stratum and is communicated with the interior of the hollow drill rod;
the probe head is conical in shape as a whole.
3. The lateral pressure test device of claim 2, wherein the elastic outer membrane comprises a first elastic membrane, a second elastic membrane and a third elastic membrane which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
4. The lateral pressure test device of claim 3, wherein the first elastic membrane and the second elastic membrane are nitrile rubber membranes and have a thickness of 2-3mm; and/or the third elastic film is a nitrile rubber film mixed with aramid fiber, and the thickness of the third elastic film is 2-3mm.
5. The side pressure test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pressurizing device includes: a pressurizing unit; a piston rod, one end of which is connected to the pressurizing unit; the piston is arranged in the hollow drill rod, is connected with the other end of the piston rod, and has an outer diameter matched with the inner diameter of the hollow drill rod;
the piston rod is driven by the pressurizing unit to move up and down, so that the piston is driven to move up and down in the hollow drill rod, and the fluid medium is compressed in the downward movement process.
6. The lateral pressure test device of claim 5, wherein the pressurizing apparatus further comprises:
the plugging bolt is provided with an internal thread, is in threaded connection with one end of the hollow drill rod extending out of the ground surface through the internal thread, and a through hole through which the piston rod passes is formed in the middle of the end cap of the plugging bolt.
7. The lateral pressure test device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hollow drill rod comprises a plurality of sub drill rod units connected end to end, the upper end of the uppermost sub drill rod unit extending from the ground surface; and the joint of two adjacent sub drill rod units is provided with a first gasket, and the first gasket is provided with a through hole through which the fluid medium can flow.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810365266.4A CN108952694B (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2018-04-19 | Side pressure test device and method |
| US16/377,309 US10914164B2 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2019-04-08 | High-efficiency pre-drilling pressure meter test apparatus and method for deep rock mass |
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| CN201810365266.4A CN108952694B (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2018-04-19 | Side pressure test device and method |
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| CN108952694B true CN108952694B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| CN109799144B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-09-02 | 曹增国 | Rock-soil layer in-situ lateral pressure testing device and method |
| CN110749504B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-04-22 | 三峡大学 | Partitioned lateral pressure creep test device for coral sand foundation and use method |
| CN112903964A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Side pressure test embedded sleeve hole forming method and equipment suitable for rockfill layer-by-layer filling |
| CN113340359B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Soft rock creep in-situ monitoring and analyzing method and system |
| CN113624619A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-09 | 中建路桥集团有限公司 | Measuring equipment and measuring method for shear strength and modulus of soil body |
| CN114019136B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-08-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Formation physicochemical property monitoring equipment |
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